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So, 391--G2, 394; in First World War 378; Anti-Submarine Weapons 378

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Index 1053 So, 391--g2, 394; in First World War 378; Baker fitted to Lancaster x 758; Rose anti-submarine weapons 378--g, 393-4; U­ 685, 752-3; Village Inn/AGLT and radar­ boat losses 378-9, 394-5, 396, 399, 405, assisted gun-laying 752-3, 823; need to 414, 416; Allied shipping losses 379, 405, counter Schrage Musik fitted to German 414; U-boat tactics 381 , 391 , 396, 404- 5, night-fighters 687-8, 734, 763-4, 830, 854 409, 412; Mooring patrols 383, 402-4, Army Co-operation Command, see 410-1 l; Leigh Light 393- 4, 395; Biscay commands offensive 393-8; ASV radar and counter­ Army Photo Interpretation Section: and measures, 393- 4, 395; Musketry patrols procedures for photographic 397-8, 446; Percussion operations 398; in reconnaissance 296-7 Operation Overlord 406-ro; inshore Arnhem 326, 347-8, 875-6, 881 - 3, 890 patrols 410-16; Sir Arthur Harris believes Arnold, Gen. H.H. 832 bomber offensive is more important 598, Arnold-Portal-Towers agreement: and supply 638; Portal agrees 620; Bomber Command of bomber aircraft 599 ordered to attack U-boat bases in France Arras 775, 808 638--g, 677; other refs 95, 270, 375 Article xv, see Canadianization Anti-U-boat Warfare Committee 391 , 394 Ash, P/O W.F. 207 Antwerp 327, 337, 835, 845, 855 Ashford, F/L Herbert 648 Anzio 287-8 Ashman, W/C R.A. 400 Aqualagna 308 Assam 876, 905 Arakan 901, 903, 906 Associated Press 71 Archer, w/c J.C. 398, 400 ASV , see radar, air-to-surface vessel (ASV) Archer, F/L P.L.I. 253 Athens 889 Ardennes 337, 338, 8ro, 850-1 , 876, 885-6, Athlone, Lord 69 890 Atkin, Ronald 232 Ardouval (v-1 site) 827 Atlantic, Battle of the: and demands on Argentan 307, 313, 815 Bomber Command and bomber aircraft Argonaut conference, Malta, February 1945 548, 558, 585, 597, 598, 632 , 638, 643, 89rn 646; other refs 387, 392 armament (aircraft) Atlee, Clement 727 - fighter 168, 220, 222 , 228, 233, 263, 279 Au Fevre (radar site) 807 - rocket projectiles (RP): development of Audet, F/L R. 338-40 163, 244; on Typhoons 278; used in anti­ Augsburg 585, 729n, 766, 773-5, 778-9, 842 shipping operations 452, 453--9, 464-6, Aulnoye 791 , 793, 800 470-1 , 472-3, 473; effectiveness Australia: and Article xv squadrons 23-4, compared with bombs and torpedoes 425, 57; other refs 61, 71, ro9, 124 348, 455-6; 25-lb armour-piercing 376, Aversa 653 455-7, 464-6, 466--7; 60-lb high explosive 455, 464 Babington, A/M Sir Philip 46, 56, 60-1, 65- - bomber: inadequacy of .303-inch machine 7, 434-5, 570 gun for bomber defence 532, 684; Bader, S/L Douglas 172, 195, 201-2, 209 development of .5-inch machine guns and Baghdad 878 20 mm cannon for bomber defence 532, Bagnoli 653 685, 713, 752-3; turrets in bomber aircraft Baker, A/C J.W. : supports area bombing requirement for 532; restricted vision in 557-8, 575, 580 532, 609, 684-5, 752-3; coldness in 736; Baldwin, A/V/M J.E.A. 57--9, 561 , 570, 611 turret failure no excuse for early return Baldwin, Stanley 528--g 745; development of mid-under gun Balfour, Harold: at Ottawa Air Training position 752-3; Fraser Nash FN 20 684; Conference 6<}---75 ; and Balfour-Power Frazer Nash FN 82 752-3, 823; Martin- Agreement 99-I04, ro7-8; and rn54 Index Canadianization in general 600; other refs London 189-90, Aug.- Oct. 1940 538-40; 46, 47, 61, 77, 89, 90, 95, I 11, 325, 462 Battle of (Nov. 1943-March 1944) 526-7, Balfour-Power Agreement, see 655, 689, 712-13, 730-2, 735-42, 745-6, Canadianization 74g-51, 758, 761-3, 766-70, 780; and its Balkans 280, 292 impact on morale in Bomber Command Baltic Sea: Axis merchant shipping in 418- 785-7, 805; included in Casablanca and 19, 474; Gardening in 41g-20, 468, 526, Pointblank directives 639, 657, 666, 729n; 568, 676-7, 788-90; Togo radar picket threat to Berlin facilitates spoofs and ship in 661, 688; other refs 352, 474, 538, diversions 700-1, 705, 716, 741, 771, 782, 581 , 583, 606, 618, 656 832-4; accounts of attacks on, and their Bardufoss 889 effect 706-8, 736-9, 749-5 l ; H2S response Barfleur 283 of 71 r; featured in Operation Thunderclap Barker, Lt-Col W.G. 170 831, 854-5; other refs 264, 266, 281, 347, Barking Creek, 'Battle of' l 87 391, 529, 537, 554-5, 558-60, 562, 576, Barmen 669 606, 615, 661, 666, 669, 695, 697, 7og-10, Barrage balloons 296 713, 720-1, 752 , 757-8, 781-2, 791, 800, Barratt, A/M Sir Arthur 229 80~ 837, 858, 865, 881, 889 Barry, P/O W. 674 Bemburg 729n Barte, Walter 701 Bemeval 235 Bartholomew, Col H.I. 166 Berouka River 667 Basra 878 Bethune 203, 283 Bateman, F/O L.J. 407 Beurling, F/O G. 268 Bath 223 Beveridge, F/L M.W. 714 Battipaglia 653-4 Bhamo 905 Bayerlein, Generalleutnant Fritz 306 Bigoray, F/Sgt William 674 Bayly, F/L G.H. 388 Big Ben, see v-2 rocket Bays, Sgt B.O. 714 Billancourt 577 Beals, W/O W.F. 405 Bing, Sgt L.P. 222-3 Bean, W/C W.W. 448 Birch, F/O W.F. 352 Beardmore, F/O F.W. 194 Birchall, S/L L.J. 386-7 Belaria 778 Birmingham 549, 586 Belgium: German night-fighter bases in 528, Birnie, F/L H.W. 802 536, 538, 579, 587, 701 , 808, 821, 824-5, Biscay, Bay of: anti-submarine operations by 829; Resistance movement 673, 801 ; Coastal Command 375, 393-6, 398, 402- civilian casualties from Allied bombing 3, 407, 4og-10,440, 444, 446-7, 450; 794; other refs 182, 216, 283-4, 320, 323, anti-shipping operations by Coastal 714, 717, 782, 799, 878, 879, 886, 889 Command 417-18, 464-5, 467; Bomber Bell, Sgt R.G. 614-15 Command attacks U-boat bases and lays Bell, Capt T.J. 818 mines in 4rg-20, 938-9, 646, 656, 677, Belli-Bivar, F/O R.G. 277 742; other refs 400, 41 l, 464, 466 Bellis, F/O A.R.B. 405 Bishop, F/O A.A. 402-3 Bengal 386, 490 Bishop, A/M W.A. 402n Bengal, Bay of 903 Bissett, S/L R.C. 548 Benito, see radio, Ypsilon Bizerta 251 Bennell, S/L R.J. 714 Blackett, P.M.S. 585 Bennett, A/Y/M D.C.T. 612, 619 Blanchard, w/c S.S .: appointed to No 6 Bentley Priory, see Fighter Command Group from Home War Establishment Headquarters 633 Berchtesgaden 887 Blatchford, W/C H.P. 916 Berlin: bombed in reprisal for bombing of Blenkinsop, S/L E.M. 801 Index rn55 Blitzkrieg affects Canadian planning 174-5, interdiction 525, 529, 791-5; require air 184, 536-7, 568 superiority 530-2, 534-5, 568, 8 l I , Bochum 656, 666, 717-19, 730, 740, 835, 840-2; attacks on German shipping, 838-9 including Scharnhorst, Prinz Eugen, and Bohlen 856-7 Gneisenau 534, 548; Bomber Command bomb aimers: commissioning of 71, 94; tactics 549-50, 586, 840-4; Moling 639; supply of 84-5, 86-7, 97-9; and in­ bombing of own troops near Falaise 816- adequacy of bombsights 531, 65<}--60; 20; cause problem for crews who see specialist trade created 580; trained to use damage 842-3; other refs 53off, 549-50, H2S 618, 65<}--60; responsible for dis­ 585-6, 811-13, 815-20, 825, 835, 840-5, charging Window 694; other refs 96-9, 394 849 Bomber Command Headquarters: established night at High Wycombe, July 1936 528; - attacks on U-boat facilities 638, 640-1, concern about navigation 535, 542, 552, 666-7, 866 561, 667-9, 686-7, 730, 789-90, 805; - creep-back effect 667 bombing directives sent to 537, 538, 539, - crew discomfort on 546, 549, 573, 607, 541-2, 544, 575, 576, 576-7, 581, 582, 631, 634, 646, 736, 753-4 585, 639, 656-7, 689-90, 729, 766, 771 , - early returns from 548, 568, 582, 611, 791, 794, 796, 831-2, 846-7, 854-5, 861; 613, 629, 649, 664-71, 675-6, 680-1, and efforts to counter the German night­ 699, 706, 710, 740-1, 743-5, 772, 808 fighter threat 543, 562-6, 607, 705, 716- - ineffectiveness of 530, 533, 537, 538-9, 17, 742-3, 751-2, 762-3, 771 , 779-80, 547, 550, 553-4, 568, 578-9, 582, 596-7, 782, 797, 808, 823, 83'}---42, 861; and 610-1 l , 613, 614, 619, 665, 666, 667, Canadianization 545, 630; and need to 668, 695, 709, 716-17, 730, 736, 742, centralize control of operations 561-2, 761, 785, 793, 802, 812, 816, 822, 823, 566, 803-5; intelligence assessments by 838, 864 562-4, 587-9, 673-4, 742-3, 745, 751, - in North Africa by No 331 Wing 647 649, 769; critical of diversions of Bomber 653, 654 Command's effort 585; and Operational - leaflet raids (Nickelling) 532-4, 742 Millennium 593; policy re allocation of - navigation problems and failures 523-4, aircraft 601-2; and strengthening of 533, 535, 542, 547, 550-1, 554, 557, 561, Pathfinder Force 658; analysis of loss 573-4, 578, 584, 603, 604, 607, 610-l I, rates 675, 680--2, 698, 785, 802-3, 82 I; 617, 618, 620, 640, 659, 660, 667-8, 679, and Scarecrows 734; and aircrew morale 685-6, 751, 767, 844 743-5; and responsibility for bombing of - 1942 experiments with precision bombing own troops near Falaise 818-20; other refs 597 57-8, 77, I04 - role of master bomber 69'}---700, 707-8, bomber defence, see armament (aircraft) 801, 814, 816-19, 825, 842, 844, 862 bomber operations, American 702, 732 - success of attacks over France and the BOMBER OPERATIONS, BY BOMBER Low Countries, 1944 794, 800, 805, 809 COMMAND - tactics: essential to evade enemy defences casualties caused by: Belgian 794-800, 805; 543, 564, 607, 716, 771-2; advantages French 577, 641, 767, 795, 800; German and disadvantages of concentration in the 537, 548, 555, 557, 577.
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  • World War II and Australia

    World War II and Australia

    Essay from “Australia’s Foreign Wars: Origins, Costs, Future?!” http://www.anu.edu.au/emeritus/members/pages/ian_buckley/ This Essay (illustrated) also available on The British Empire at: http://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/australiaswars9.htm 9. World War II and Australia A. September 3, 1939, War 1 (a) Poland Invaded, Britain Declares War, Australia Follows (b) Britain continues ‘Standing By’ – the Phoney War (c) German U-boat and Air Superiority B. Early Defeats 5 (a) Norway, then France, Fall (b) A British Settlement with Hitler? (c) Challenge to Churchill’s leadership fails C. Germany invades Russia 11 (a) Germany Invades Russia, June 22, 1941 (b) Churchill and Roosevelt Meet – the Atlantic Charter D. Japan Enters WWII 16 (a) Early lightning gains – with historical roots (b) Singapore Falls; facing invasion, Australia fights back (c) Midway Battle turns the Naval Tide (d) Young Australians repel forces aimed at Port Moresby (e) Its Security Assured, how then should Australia have fought the Pacific War? E. Back to ‘Germany First’& further delaying the Second Front 30 (a) The Strategy and Rationale (b) Post-Stalingrad Eastern Front: January 1943 – May 1945 (c) Britain’s Contribution to ‘Winning the War against Germany’ F. The Dominions and the RAF’s Air War on Germany (a) The Origins of the ‘Empire Air Training Scheme’ (EATS) 35 (b) EATS and the Defence of Australia - any Connection? (c) Air Operations – Europe (d) Ill-used Australian Aircrew (e) RAF Bomber Command and its Operations – (see Official UK, US Reports!) (f) A contrast: US Air Force’s Specific Target Bombing from mid-1944 G.