2'75:)Cf EM 4419 W::J7M,' REACTION OF VARIOUS TO 2,4-D, MCPA, January 1980 Cor•:1_ 2,4,5-T, SILVEX AND 2,4-DB Compiled by Robert Parker Extension Weed Specialist-Agronomy r-- The chart that follows was taken from several sources and can be used asia· guide to susceptibility of various plants to foliage applications of phenoxy herbicides. In part, this publication was compiled from: · . • Farmers' Bulletin No. 2183 Using Phenoxy Herbicides Effectively, U.S. Department· of Agriculture.

• Agricultural Handbook No. 493 Response of Selected Woody Plants in .=-t he United States to Her-. bicides, U.S. Department of Agriculture. ( =-- (" G k • Agricultural Handbook No. 269 Herbicide Manual for Noncropland Weeds, U.S. Department of Agriculture.

• Washington State University Weed Control Handbook 1978. Washington State University, Pullman.

The chart lists the effects of phenoxy herbicides applied as foliage sprays. Rate of application for 2,4-D, MCPA, 2,4,5-T or silvex is I pound per acre except for woody plants which may require higher rates. Rate of application for 2,4-DB is 2 pounds per acre. The ester formulations are usually best as foliage sprays for killing brush and trees. Some of the woody species are more susceptible to basal or injection/cut surface treatments.

The control ratings of the herbicide in the chart are as follows:

S = Susceptible These plants usually can be killed with one moderate application of the her­ bicide at the time when the is most susceptible. However, under adverse growth conditions, or as the plants become more mature, they may pass into the Intermediate or even the Resistant group.

I = Intermediate These plants can be controlled or killed with the herbicide, but usually a high dosage must be used and then only during the most susceptible period. Some of these plants require repeated treatments. Many of them can be suppressed or defoliated but recover to grow again.

R = Resistant Control by the indicated herbicide virtually not feasible.

S-I = Susceptible Control by the indicated herbicide falls between the Susceptible and Inter­ to Intermediate mediate classification. Some of these plants may require additional treatment.

I-R = Intermediate Control by the indicated herbicide falls between the Intermediate and Resistant to Resistant classification. Regrowth may occur after repeated applications of the herbicide.

Species are classified as to whether they are annual (A), biennial (B), perennial (P) or woody (W) plants in growth habit.

Every effort was made to use the common and scientific names of the plants accepted by the Weed Science Society of America. The plants are arranged alphabetically by common name in the index.

COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE • COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE • WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY • PULLMAN In cooperation with the United States Department of Agriculture Issued in furtherance of the Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, by the Washington State University Cooperative Extension Service, J. 0. Young, Director EM 4419 - Page 2

Reaction to Herbicide

Type of

Genus and Species Common Name Plant ~ ~ I ><: Q < V) 0) Q I A,. I u 'tj-: ~ N"""~ =s N v5 N"""~

Abies balsamea Balsam fir w R R

A. concolor White fir w S-I S-I

Abutilon theophrasti Velvetleaf A s S-I S-I s

Acacia farnesiana Huisache w R R R

A. greggii Catclaw acacia w R R R

A. rigidula Blackbrush acacia w R R

A. tortuosa Twisted acacia w R R

AcalEhia virginica Virginia copper- A s leaf

Acer spp. Maple w I-R R I S-I R

A. circinatum Vine maple w S-I I

A. glabrum var. Rocky mountain w I glabrum maple

A. macrophyllum Bigleaf maple w I-R I-R I

A. negundo Boxelder w S-I S-I I-R

A. rubrum Red maple w R I-R I-R

A. saccharinum Silver maple w I-R S-I

A. saccharum Sugar maple w I-R S-R

A. spicatum Mountain maple w I-R I

Achillea lanulosa Western yarrow p I I R

A. millefolium Common yarrow p I-R I-R 1-R 1-R R

Adenostoma fasciculatum Chamise w S-I I-R S-I 1- R I-R

AegoEodium podograria Bishops goutweed p R R R

Aeschynomene Northern A I I s I R virginica jointvetch EM 4419 - Page 3

Reaction to Herbicide

Type o_f r-4 i::Q Genus and Species Common Name Plant I ~ Q < l/") (I) Q I ~ ~~ u ~: ~ ~~ N ::E N v.i N Aesculus spp. Buckeye w R I-R R

A. californica California buckeye w I R R

Aethusa cynapium Foolsparsley A S-I R

Agrirnonia gryposepala Agrirnony p I-R

Agrosternrna githago Corn cockle A or B I-R I-R R R R

Ailanthus altissirna Tree-of-heaven w S-I R s-r I I-R

Ajuga reptans Ajuga p R R R

Alhagi carnelorurn Camel thorn w s-r

Alisrna triviale Common p s s s S-I waterplantain

Alliurn acurninaturn Tapertip onion p I

A. canadense Wild onion p I I-R I-R I-R

A. vineale Wild garlic p I I-R I-R R I-R

Alnus spp. Alder w S-I S-I s s

A. crispus American green w s s alder

A. rubra Red alder w S-I S-I S-I

A. rugosa Speckled alder w S-I S-I

A. serrulata Hazel alder w s-r S-I S-I

A. sinuata Sitka alder w s I-R

Aloysia lycioides Whitebrush w I I R R

Alternanthere Alligatorweed p I-R R I I philoxeriodes

Arnaranthus albus Tumble pigweed A s s s s s

A. blitoides Prostrate pigweed A s s s s EM 4419 - Page 4

Reaction to Herbicide

Type of Genus and Species Common Name Plant

Arnaranthus continued

A. hybridus Smooth pigweed A s s s s

A. palmeri Palmer amaranth A s s s s

A. retroflexus Redroot pigweed A s s s s s

A. spinosus Spiny amaranth A s s s

Ambrosia apetera Bloodweed A s s

A. artemisiifolia Common ragweed A s s s s s

A. psilostachya Western ragweed p S-1 s s s

A. trifida Giant ragweed A s s s s s

A. trifida var. texana Blood ragweed A s s

Arnelanchier alnifolia Saskatoon w S-I S-I S-I serviceberry

A. canadensis Thicket w S-I S-I S-I serviceberry

Arnmannia coccinea Purple arnrnannia A s s s s S-I (Redstem)

Arnepelopsis arborea Peppervine w s

Amphicarpa bracteata Southern hogpeanut p s

Amsinckia interrnedia Coast fiddleneck A S-1 I S-I s R

A. lycopsoides Tarweed fiddleneck p s

Anagallis arvensis Scarlet pimpernel A 1-R

Antennaria plantaginifolia Plantainleaf pussytoes P s

Anthemis arvensis Corn chamomile A or B 1-R

A. cotula Mayweed A I 1-R I I-R R

Anthriscus sylvestris Woodland beakchervil p 1-R 1-R R EM 4419 - Page 5

Reaction to Herbicide

Type of

Genus and Species Common Name Plant· ~ ~ I ;i< 0 < V) Cl) 0 ~ I ~-- u ~: ~ ~-- N ~ N VJ N

Apocynum androsaemifolium Spreading dogbane p S-I

A. cannabinum Hemp dogbane p I-R R R

Aralia spinosa Devils-walkings tick w R S-I s

Arbutus menziesii Pacific madrone w S-I S-I

Arctium lapEa Great burdock B S-I I-R

A. minus Common burdock B s s s s s

Arcotostaphylos Manzanita w s I-R s I I-R

A. canescens Hoary manzanita w s s

A. cinera Del Norte manzanita w s s

A. columbiana Hairy manzanita w s s

A. hispidula Howell manzanita w s s

A. parryana var. Pine manzanita w s s pinetorum

A. patula Greenleaf manzanita w I I I

A. pringlei Pringle manzanita w S-I S-I

A. pungens Pointleaf manzanita w S-I S-I

A. uva-ursi Bearberry w I-R I S-I

Arenaria serpyllif olia Thymeleaf sandwort A or B s s

Argemone intermedia Bluestem prickle- A s poppy

Artemisia absinthium Absinth wormwood p S-I s C. A. annua Annual wormwood A S-I I S-I

A. arbuscula Low sagebrush w s s

A. biennis Biennial wormwood B S-I

A. californica California w s S-I sagebrush EM 4419 - Page 6

Reaction to Herbicide

Type of Genus and Species Common Name Plant E-- i:Q I ><: Cl < t.r) (l) Cl I ~ I s:::t-~ u ~ ..2: s:::t-~ N :E N en N

Artemisia continued

A. cana Silver sagebrush w s

A. filifolia Sand sagebrush w s S-I s s 1-R

A. frigida Fringed sagebrush w s s

A. tridentata Big sagebrush w s 1-R s I R

A. tripartita Threetip sagebrush w s s

A. vulgaris Mugwort p 1-R R R R

Asclepias curassivica Bloodflower p S-1 s R milkweed

A. latifolia Broadleaf milkweed p I I A. speciosa Showy milkweed p R R 1-R S-I R A. syriaca Common milkweed p R R 1-R I R

A. verticillata Eastern whorled p R R 1-R R milkweed

Asparagus off icinalis Asparagus p 1-R I •-R

Aster ericoides Heath aster p S-I

A. occidentalis Western aster p 1-R 1-R R

A. parryi Woody aster p 1-R R 1-R I-R

A. pilosus White heath aster p I I I R

Astragalus spp. Milk vetch p S-I I S-I s

A. bisulcatus Two grooved milkvetch p s

A. earlei Bigbend loco A or B s

A. emoryanus Peavine A S-I S-I

A. pectinatus Narrowleaf milk- p S-1 S-1 s vetch

Atriples patula Spreading orach A s

A. patula var. hastata Halberdleaf orach A S-1 s (Salt bush) EM 4419 - Page 7

Reaction to Herbicide

Type of Genus and Species Common Name Plant· f-4 i:::Q I >< 0 < V) Q.) 0 ~ I ~ -.::r" u ..:: ... N°' ::E C'f izi """N

Axyris amaranthoides Russian pigweed A s

Azolla caroliniana Atlantic azolla R

Baccharis pilularis Coyotebrush w s s

B. salicina Willow baccharis w s 1-R

Baileya multiradiata Desert baileya p S-1 S-1

Baptisia tinctoria Wild indigo p I S-1

Barbarea vulgaris Yellow rocket B or p S-1 S-1 S-1 I I

Bassia hyssopifolia Fivehook bassia A I

Bellis perennis English daisy p S-1 S-1 1-R

Berberis spp. Barberry w I s S-1

B. fendleri Colorado barberry w s

B. trifoliolata Agrito w R R

Berteroa incana Hoary alyssum B or p I I s 1-R

Betula spp. Birch w S-1 s s

B. alleghaniensis Yellow birch w S-1 s s

B. papyrif era Paper birch w s S-1

B. populifolia Gray birch w s

Bidens bipinnata Spanishneedles A s s s s

B. cernua Nodding beggarticks A s

B. frondosa Devils beggarticks A s s s

Brassica hirta White mustard A s

B. juncea Indian mustard A s s s S-1 s

B. kaber Wild mustard A s s s S-1 s

B. nigra Black mustard A s s s S-1 s

B. rapa Birdsrape mustard B s s s s s EM 4419 - Page 8

Reaction to Herbicide

Type of Genus and Species Common Name Plant f-; I >< ~ 0 < tr) (l) 0 I ~ I ~~ u ~: ~ ~ N ::E N ~ N~

Brunnichia cirrhosa Redvine p R R I-R I-R R Bumelia lanuginosa Gum bumelia w s

Callicarpa americana American beauty- w R R

Camelina micro carp a Small seed A s falseflax

Campanula ra:eunculoides Creeping p R bellflower

Cam:esis radicans Trumpetcreeper w I-R R I s R

Cannabis sativa Hemp (Marijuana) A S-I S-I S-I

Caperonia castanaefolia Mexicanweed A I I S-I S-I R

Ca:esella bursa-pastoris Shepherdspurse A S-I S-I s S-I S-I

Caragana arborescens Siberian peashrub w s

Cardamine spp. Bittercress S-I

Cardaria draba Hoary cress p I I I I I (White top)

C. :eubescens Hairy whitetop p S-I

Carpinus caroliniana American hornbeam w s s

Carya spp. Hickory w I-R I S-I S-I R

C. illinoensis Pecan w I-R I-R I-R

C. ovata Shagbark hickory w I

C. texana Black hickory w R

Cassia fasciculata Partridgepea A s s s s

C. obtusifolia Sicklepod A s s

C. occidentalis Coffee senna A s EM 4419 - Page 9

Reaction to Herbicide

Type of

Genus and Species Common Name Planf ~ ~ I X Cl < V) (I.) Cl ~ I ~ u ~: ~ ~ N" ::s N ci5 N"

Castanea dentata American chestnut w S-I s s

C. pumila Allegheny chinquapin w R s s

Castanopsis chrysophylla Golden chiquap:Ln w I-R I I-R I

c. chrysophylla var. Golden evergreen w I I I I minor chinquapin

c. sempervirens California w R I chinquapin

Catalpa spp. Catalpa w I-R S-I I-R

Ceanothus spp. Ceanothus w S-I I-R s I-R

C. cordulatus Mountain whitethorn w S-I S-I

C. cuneatus Wedgeleaf ceanothus w I I-R s

c. greggi Desert ceanothus w s s

c. integerrimus Deerbrush ceanothus w s s I

c. leucodermis Chaparral whitethorn w S-I s

c. sanguineus Redstem ceanothus w s s

c. thyrsiflorus Blueblossom w S-I s ceanothus

C. velutinus Snowbush ceanothus w I s

C. velutinus var. Varnishleaf w S-I s laevigatus ceanothus

Celtis spp. Hackberry w I-R S-I S-I

c. occidental is Western hackberry w R R

c. pallida Granjeno w R R

Centaurea cyanus Cornflower A s s

c. diffusa Diffuse knapweed B s R I-R I-·R R EM 4419 - Page 10

Reaction to Herbicide fl Type of Genus and Species Common Name Plant ~ i:::Q I >< 0 < t.n a,) 0 A,. I ~~ u ~: ~..... ~ N ::E N v:i N~

Centaurea continued

C. jacea Brown knapweed p I

C. maculosa Spotted knapweed B I s I S-I

c. nigra Black knapweed p s-r S-I

c. repens Russian knapweed p I-R I-R I-R I-R R

C. solstitialis Yellow starthistle A I S-I S-I R

c. squarrosa Squarrose knapweed p I

Cephalanthus occidentalis Common buttonbush w I-R I

Cerastium arvense Field chickweed p I I-R S-I s I-R

c. vulgatum Mouseear chickweed p I I-R S-I s 1-R

Ceratophyllum demersum Common coontail A R

Cercis canadensis Eastern redbud w R I-R I-R

Cercocaq~us betuloides Birchleaf mountain- w I-R I-R mahogany

C. breviflorus Hairy mountain- w I-R I-R mahogany

C. montanus Mountainmahogany w I I S-I I-R

Chamaebatia foloilosa Bearmat w S-I S-I

Chamaedaphne calyculata Leatherleaf w s s

Chenopodium album Common lambs- A s s s s s quarters

C. ambrosioides Mexican tea A s s s S-I s

c. botrys Jerusalemoak A I goosefoot

C. glaucum Oakleaf goosefoot A s s s I s

C. murale Nettleleaf A s s s s goosefoot EM 4419 - Page 11

Reaction to Herbicide

Type_of ~ ~ Genus and Species Common Name Plant I ;;.< < V) Cl ~ Q) Cl ~ u v: .E:..... ~~ N~ ::s N u:, N

Chondrilla juncea Rush skeletonweed p 1-R 1-R 1-R

Chorispora tenella. Blue mustard A I 1-R S-I S-I R

Chrysanthemum leucanthemum Oxeye daisy p I I S-I I R

Chrysothamnus spp. Rabbitbrush w S-I I-R R

c. nauseosus Rubber rabbitbrush w s 1-R 1-R 1-R

C. viscidiflorus Douglas rabbitbrush w I 1-R 1-R I-R

c. viscidif lorus var. Small rabbitbrush w s stenophyllus

Cichorium intybus Chicory p S-I S-I S-I S-I I

Cicuta maculata Spotted waterhemlock p S-I s

Cirsium arvense Canada thistle p I I I I I

c. horridulum Yellow thistle B or p I

C. undulatum Wavyleaf bull- p S-I thistle

C. vulgare Bull thistle B s s s s s

Clematis liqust icifolia Western clematis w s

Cleome serrulata Rocky Mountain A I beeplant

Cnicus benedictus Blessed thistle A s

Cnidoscolus stimulosus Bullnettle p S-I I S-I

Commelina communis Day flower A s

Comptonia peregrina Sweet fern w I S-I

Condalia obtusifolia Lotebush condalia w R R R

Conium maculatum Poison hemlock B S-I s I s s

Conringia orientalis . Haresear mustard A s S-I EM 4419 - Page 12

Reaction to Herbicide

Type of

Genus and Species Common Name Plant ~ ~ I >< 0 < tr) Q) 0 I ~ I ~~ u ~ ~~ N ~ N~= r✓.i N

Conyza canadensis Horseweed A I I S-I S-I I (Mares tail)

Convolvulus arvensis Field bindweed p I I I I I

p -C. sepium Hedge bindweed S-I S-1 S-I Coreopsis tinctoria Plains coreopsis A S-I s (Tickseed)

Cornus spp. Dogwood w S-I S-I

c. canadensis Bunchberry dogwood w R I-R 1-R

c. drummondii Roughleaf dogwood w I

C. florida Flowering dogwood w R s

c. rugosa Round leaf dogwood w s s

c. stolonifera Redosier dogwood w s

Coronilla varia Trailing crownvetch p s

Coron opus didymus Swinecress A s s s

Corylus americana American hazel w s s

c. cornuta Beaked hazel w s s I C. cornuta var. California hazel w S-I s I californica

Crataegus spp. Hawthorn w 1-R R R R R (Thornapple)

C. douglasii Black hawthorn w S-I S-I 1-R

Crepsis biennis Rough hawks beard A s s S-I

-C. capillaris Smooth hawksbeard A or B I-R 1-R R R 1-R

Crotalaria spectabilis Showy crotalaria A I

Croton capitatus Woolly croton A s s s s EM 4419 - Page 13

Reaction to Herbicide

Type of Genus and Species Common Name Plant. ~ I ~ Q < V) >< Q ~ Q) ~ u v: ..:: ~~ N~ ::E N Vl N

Croton continued

C. lindheimeri Lindheimer croton A s s S-1 S-1 S-1

C. texensis Texas croton A s s s (Skunkweed)

Cucurbita foetidissima Buffalo gourd p 1-R

Cuscuta campestris Field dodder A R

C. epilinum Flax dodder A R

C. epithymum Clover dodder A R R

C. gronovii Swamp dodder A R

C. indecora Largeseed dodder A 1-R R R R R

c. pentagona Smallseed alfalfa A 1-R R R R R dodder

-C. planiflora Small seed dodder A R

Cynoglossum officinale Hounds tongue B I

Cyperus difformis Smallflower A I I 1-R 1-R umbrella plant

c. esculentus Yellow nutsedge p 1-R R R R R

c. rotundus Purple nutsedge p 1-R R R R R

Cytisus scoparius Scotch broom w I I 1-R

Datura stramonium Jimsonweed A S-1 s S-1 s

Daubentonia texana Coffeeweed w s s S-1

Daucus carota Wild carrot B I I I S--I I

Delphinium barbeyi Tall larkspur p R R

D. bicolor Little larkspur p R R R EM 4419 - Page 14

Reaction to Herbicide

Type of

Genus and Species Common Name Plant ~ i::Q I X 0 < V) (l) 0 ~ I ~~ u ...e: N ::E N""": U'.) N"""~

Delphinium continued

D. menziesii Menzies larkspur p I I R

D. occidentale Duncecap larkspur p R R I I

Descurainia pinnata Tansymustard A s s

-D. sophia Flixweed A or B s I s Desmodium canadense Hoary tic kc lover p R

Dichondra repens Dichondra p s

Diervilla lonicera Bush honeysuckle w s s

Diodia teres Poorjoe A S-I I S-I I I

Diospyros texana Texas persimmon w R R

D. virginiana Persimmon w I I I-R

Dirca palustris Leatherwood w s s

Echinodorus cordifolius Burhead A s s s s

Echium vulgare Blue thistle B I I I

Eichornia crassipes Waterhyacinth p S-I s s

Elaeagnus angustifolia Russian olive w I I

E. commutata Silverberry w s s s

Eleocharis palustris Creeping p I I I-R I-R I-R spikerush

E. quadrangulata Squarestem p I spikerush

Elodea canadensis Elodea p I s

Epilobium angustifolium Fireweed p S-I S-I s

Equisetum arvense Field horsetail p I-R I 1-R 1-R I-R

E. palustre Marsh horsetail p I - R 1-R I-R EM 4419 - Page 15

Reaction to Herbicide

Type of Genus and Species Common Name Plant ~ ~ I V) >< 0 <~ Q) 0 ~-- u v: ...... > ~-- N ::s N -Cl) N

Erigeron annuus Annual fleabane A I I S-I s s

E. philadelphicus Philadelphia A S-I fleabane

E. speciosus Oregon fleabane p I

E. strigosus Rough fleabane A or B S-I s s

Eriodictyon angustifolium Narrow leaf w s s yerbasanta

E. californicum California w S-I S-I S-I I R yerbasanta

Erodium cicutarium Redstem filaree A or B S-I 1-R 1-R

Erucastrum gallicum Dog mustard A s

Erysimum cheiranthoides Wormseed mustard A or B s s s s

Euonymus atropurpureus Eastern wahoo w I

Eupatorium capillifolium Dog fennel A S-I s s R

E. compositifolium Yankeeweed p I I

E. rugosum White snakeroot p I I 1-R

Euphorbia corollata Flowering spurge p I-R S-I

E. cyparissias Cypress spurge p R

E. esula Leafy spurge p 1-R R 1-R I R

E. glyptosperma Ridgeseed spurge A I

E. helioscopia Sun spurge A 1-R

E. maculata Spotted spurge A 1-R I-R I

E. marginata Snow-on-the- A I S-I I mountain

E. peplus Petty spurge A R I-R EM 4419 - Page 16

Reaction to Herbicide

Type of Genus and Species Common Name Plant ~ ~ I >< 0 < V) (I) 0 I ~ I ~ u ~: ~..... ~~ N~ ~ N Cl'.) N

Fagopyrum tataricum Tartary buckwheat A 1-R s I

Fagus grandifolia American beech w R 1-R 1-R

Flourensia cernua Tarbush w S-1 S-1 R

Fragaria spp. Wild strawberry p 1-R R 1-R I R

Franseria confertifolia Slimleaf bursage p R R R R R

F. discolor Skeletonleaf bursage p I

F. tomentosa Woolly leaf bursage p I 1-R 1-R 1-R I-I<.

Fraxinus spp. Ash w R R 1-R 1-R R

F. americana White ash w R 1-R 1-R

F. latifolia Oregon ash w s s

F. pennsylvanica Green ash w R 1-R R

F. quadrangulata Blue ash w 1-R s

Galega officinalis Goatsrue p I

Galeopsis tetrahit Hempnettle A 1-R I

Galinsoga ciliata Hairy galinsoga A S-1 s s s

G. parviflora Small flower A S-1 s 1-R galinsoga

Galium aparine Catchweed bedstraw A 1-R R 1-R S-1 R

G. asprellum Rough bedstraw p R

G. boreale Northern bedstraw p R

G. mollugo Smooth bedstraw p R R 1-R S-1 R

G. verum Yellow bedstraw p R R R

Garrya flavescens Yellowleaf silk- w 1-R 1-R tassel EM 4419 - Page 17

Reaction to Herbicide

Type of

Genus and Species Common Name Plant · ~ ~ I >:: Q < t.n (I) Q ~ I ~ u "<::t'"' .....> "<::t' c--f ::E N"' -V) N"'

G. wrightii Wright silk tassel w 1-R 1-R

Gaultheria shallon , Salal w R R R

Gaylussacia frondosa Dangleberry w I I

Geranium carolinianum Carolina A or B S-I s S-I S-I s geranium

G. dissectum Cutleaf geranium A or B I-R 1-R

G. pratense Small geranium p 1-R 1-R

Glechoma hederacea Ground ivy p I 1-R I S-1

Gleditsia triancanthos Honeylocust w I-R s I

Glycyrrhiza lepidota Wild licorice p I

GnaEhalium pensylvanicum Wandering cudweed A R

G. uliginosum Low cudweed A R R R

Grindelia squarrosa Gumweed p s

Gutierrezia dracunculoides Common broomweed A S-I S-I S-I

G. microcephala Threadleaf p S-I S-I S-I snakeweed

G. sarothrae Broom snakeweed w s I I-R I 1-R

Gymnocladus dioicus Kentucky coffeetree w I-R S-I

Halogeton glomeratus Halogeton A I 1-R 1-R I-R R

Haplopappus arborescens Fleece goldenweed w s

H. pluriflorus Jimmyweed p I I

H. tenuisectus Burroweed p S-I s

Hedera helix English ivy p I s

Helenium amarum Bitter sneezeweed A s s s s S-I EM 4419 - Page 18

Reaction to Herbicide

Type of Genus and Species Common Name Plant ~ ~ I ><: 0

Helianthus annuus Sunflower A s S-I s s s

H. ciliaris Texas blueweed p I

H. petiolaris Prairie sunflower A s

H. tuberosus Jerusalem p S-1 s artichoke

Heliopsis helianthoides False sunflower p s

Heracleum sphondylium Ragweed cowparsnip p 1-R I-R

Heteranthera limosa Ducksalad A s S-I S-I S-I I (Mud plantain)

Heterotheca subaxillaris Camphorweed A I

Hibiscus trionum Venice mallow A S-I s s

Hieracium aurantiacum Orange hawkweed p I I-R I-R

H. pilosella Mouseear hawkweed p S-I S-I

H. pratense Yellow hawkweed p I I-R I-R

Hoffmanseggia densiflora Hogpotato p R R R R R

Hydrangea aborescens Smooth hydrangea w s s

Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lawn pennywort p S-I s s

H. umbellata Water pennywort p s

Hymenoxys odorata Bitter rubberweed A. s

H. richardsoni Colorado rubberweed p S-I I

Hyoscyamun niger Black henbane A or B I-R I-R

Hypericum perforatum St. Johnswort p I-R I-R

H. punctatum Spotted St. p I I Johnswort

HYI:~ochaeris radicata Spotted catsear p S-I s s s s

Ilex glabra Gallberry w I s S-I EM 4419 - Page 19

Reaction to Herbicide

Type of Genus and Species Common Name Plant· ~ I ~ tr) ><: 0 <~ Q) 0 "'1- u ~: ~ "'1-__ N" ::s N izl N

Ilex continued

I. vomitoria Yaupon w R I-R R

Impatiens pallida Pale snapweed A s

Ipomoea coccinea Scarlet A s morningglory

I. hederacea Ivyleaf morningglory A s s s

I. hirsutula Woolly morningglory A s s s s s

I. pandurata Bigroot morning- p s glory

I. purpurea Tall morningglory A s s s

Iris missouriensis Rocky Mountain p I-R I-R R iris

p -I. pseudacrus Yellowflag iris I-R I-R R Iva axillaris Povertyweed p I-R

I. cilia ta Rough sumpweed A s

I. xanthifolia Marshelder A s S-I S-I s s

Jacguemontia tamnifolia Small flower s rnorningglory

Jatropha dioica Leatherstem w R R

Juglans spp. Walnut w s s s

-J. nigra Black walnut w s s s Juncus articulatus Jointed rush p R R R

J. effusus Soft rush p S-I S-I I-R

J. tenuis Slender rush p S-I

Juniperus spp. Juniper w R I-R 1-R

J. deppeana Alligator juniper w R R R R EM 4419 - Page 20

Reaction to Herbicide

Type of Genus and Species Common Name Plant ~ ~ I :>< 0 < V) (I) 0 I ~ I "'1"~ u "'1": ..::...... "'1"~ N ::E N (/.) N

Juniperus continued

J. monosperma Oneseed juniper w R R R R

J. osteosperma Utah juniper w 1-R 1-R R R

J. pinchotii Redberry juniper w R R

J. virginiana Eastern redcedar w R R R

Kalmia angustifolia Sheep laurel w 1-R 1-R

K. latifolia Mountain laurel w R R R

K. polifolia Pale laurel w s s

Karwinskia humboldtiana Coyotillo p s s

Knautia arvensis Field scabious p S-I S-1

Kochia scoparia Kochia A s s-r s s s

Lactuca pulchella Blue lettuce p I I I I I

L. serriola Prickly lettuce A s s

Lamium amplexicaule Henbit A 1-R 1-R I S-1 1-R

-L. purpureum Red deadnettle A or B 1-R 1-R 1-R

Lappula echinata European stick- A S-1 tight (Stickseed)

Larix spp. Larch w R R

Larrea tridentata Creosotebush w R 1-R R

Ledum groenlandi.cum Labrador tea w s s

Lemna. minor Common duckweed A 1-R R R

Leontodon autunmalis Fall hawkbi t p s S-1 s

L. nudicaulis Rough hawkbit p s-r EM 4419 - Page 21

Reaction to Herbicide

Type of Genus and Species Common Name Plant· ~ I ~ Q < V) > -.:¼-~ u ~ -.:¼-~ N ::s N~= rl'.) N

Lepidium campestre Field pepperweed A s s S-1 I s

L. dens if lo rum . Greenflower A s pepperweed

L. latifolium Perennial p I I pepperweed

L. perfoliatum Yellowflower A s s s s pepperweed

L. virginicum Virginia A s s s pepperweed

Leptotaenia dissecta var. Carrotleaf p I S-I multifida leptotaenia

Lespedeza striata Common A s lespedeza

L. violacea Violet lespedeza p s

Libocedrus decurrens Incense cedar w 1-R I-R

Linaria canadensis Oldfield (Blue) p 1-R toadflax

L. dalmatica Dalmatian toadflax p s

L. vulgaris Yellow toadflax p R R R R R

Lindera benzoin Common spicebush w I S-I s

Lippia cuneifolia Wedgeleaf fogfruit p s

Liquidambar styraciflua Sweetgum w 1-R S-I S-1

Liriodendron tulipifera Tulip tree w I

Lithocarpus densiflorus Tanoak w 1-R I-R

L. densiflorus var. Scrub tanoak w I I echinoides

Lithospermum arvense Corn gromwell A I-R

L. officinale Gromwell p R EM 4419 - Page 22

Reaction to Herbicide

Type of Genus and Species Common Name Plant r-4 ~ I ><: Q < V) a) Q ~ I ~~ u ~: ..2: ~~ N ~ N CZ) N

Lobelia inflata Indiantobacco A I

Lomatium grayi Desert parsley p s s s s

L. leptocarpum Bicolor biscuitroot p I S-1

Lonicera spp. Honeysuckle w S-1 S-1 S-1

L. japonica Japanese honeysuckle w I s S-1 S-1

Lotus corniculatus Birdsfoot trefoil p 1-R 1-R

L. scoparius Broom deervetch w s s

Lupinus argenteus Silvery lupine p I R s s s

L. caudatus Tailcup lupine p S-1

L. rivularis Stream lupine p s s

Lychnis alba White cockle p 1-R R R R

L. dioica Red campion B or p R R

Lycium trifoliolata Wolfberry w R R

Lygodesmia juncea Skeletonweed p S-1

Lysimachia nurnrnularia Moneywort p s

Lythrum alatum Winged loosestrife p I

L. salicaria Purple loosestrife p S-1

Maclura pomifera Osageorange w 1-R s R

Magnolia acuminata Cucumber tree w I S-1

-M. virginiana Sweetbay magnolia w R 1-R R Mahonia haematocarpa Red mahonia w s s

Malva neglecta Common mallow A or B 1-R R 1-R 1-R 1--R

M. parviflora Little mallow A I R

M. rotundifolia Dwarf mallow p I EM 4419 - Page 23

Reaction to Herbicide

Type of Genus and Species Common Name Plant - ~ ~ I ~ 0 < t.r) (I) I ~ 0 ~~ u .....~ ~~ N ~ ~=N CZ) N

Matricaria matricarioides Pineappleweed A I 1-R R 1-R R

Medicago lupulina . Black medic A I I I S-I 1-R

M. polymorpha var. California A s vulgaris burclover

Melilotus indica Annual yellow A s s s sweet clover

Melochia corchorifolia Redweed A s

Menispermum canadense Common moonseed p s

Mentha arvensis Field mint p 1-R 1-R R

Microrhamnus ericoides Javelinabrush w R R

Mimosa biuncifera Wait-a-minute-bush w R I I-R 1-R

Mirabilis nyctaginea Wild four-o'clock p s

Mollugo verticillata Carpetweed A s R R s

Marus alba White mulberry w 1-R

M. rubra Red mulberry w 1-R I I-R

Muscari botryoides Common grape- p I-R hyacinth

Myrica cerifera Southern waxmyrtle w I-R I-R I-R

M. pensylvanica Northern bayberry w s s s

Nelumbium lutea American lotus A s

Nepeta cataria Catnip p S-I s

Neslia paniculata Ball mustard A s

Nicotiana glauca Tree tobacco w s EM 4419 - Page 24

Reaction to Herbicide

Type of Genus and Species Common Name Plant t-4 ~ I ><: Q I N""" ... ::E N""": -CZ) (',f"""

Nyssa sylvatica Blackgum w R I 1-R

Oenothera biennis Common evening- B s S-I s primrose

I. laciniata Cutleaf evening- A S-I primrose

Ononis repens Restharrow p R R R

Onopordum acanthium Scotch thistle B 1-R I

Opuntia spp. Challa w s s

o. spp. Pricklypear w R I I

o. leptocaulis Tasajillo w R I I

o. polyacantha Plains pricklypear w S-I

Ostrya virginiana Eastern hophorn- w S-I S-I beam

Oxalis stricta Common yellow p 1-R R s wood sorrel

Oxydendrum arboreum Sourwood w 1-R I 1-R

Oxtropis lambertii Lambert crazyweed p I I I

Parietaria floridana Florida pellitory A R R s R

Parthenocissus Virginia creeper w s s quinquefolia

Passiflora incarnata Maypop passion- p I flower

Pastinaca sativa Wild parsnip B s s

Peganum harmala African rue p I I

Pensternon rydbergii Rydberg penstemon p I I-R R

Persea borbonia Redbay w 1-R S-I 1-R EM 4419 - Page 25

Reaction to Herbicide

Type of

Genus and Species Common Name Plant . ~ ~ I ~ 0 0 ~" u v: ~ ~" N ::E N Cl) N

Photinia arbutifolia Christmasberry w I I I I I

Physalis heteroph,¥1la Clammy groundcherry p R I I R

P. ixocarpa Tomatillo ground- p R cherry

P. lobata Purpleflower ground- p R cherry

P. longifolia Longleaf groundcherry p 1-R 1-R I

P. subglabrata Smooth ground cherry p R R 1-R 1-R R

P. wright ii Wright groundcherry A s s s

Physocarpus opulifolius Ninebark w R

Phytolacca americana Common pokeweed p I I S-1 S-1

Piccea spp. Spruce w 1-R 1-R R

P. sitchensis Sitka spruce w 1-R 1-R

Picris echioides Bristly oxtongue A or B S-1

Pinus spp. Pine w R R R

P. echinata Shortleaf pine w I R R

P. edulis Pinyan pine w R R R

P. lambertiana Sugar pine w s s

P. palustris Longleaf pine w R R

P. ponderosa Ponderosa pine w 1-R 1-R

P. taeda Loblolly pine w R R R

Plantago aristata Bracted plantain A s

P. lanceolata Buckhorn plantain p s S-1 s s s

P. major Broad leaf p s s s s s plantain EM 4419 - Page 26

Reaction to Herbicide

Type of Genus and Species Common Name Plant E-; i:Q I X Q < l.f') (I) Q I ~ > I "st~ u "st: "st~ N ~ N -V) N

Plantago continued

P. media Hoary plantain p s s s

P. purshii Woolly plantain A s

P. pusilla Slender plantain A s

P. rugelii Blackseed plantain p s s s S-I s

Platanus occidentalis American sycamore w I S-I S-I

Polygonum amphibium Water smartweed p 1-R 1-R

P. argyrocoleon Silversheath A I knotweed

P. aviculare Prostrate A I 1-R I I 1-R knotweed

P. bistortoides American bistort p I R I R

P. coccineum Swamp smartweed p 1-R

P. convolvulus Wild buckwheat A I I S-I I S-I

P. cuspidatum Japanese knotweed p 1-R 1-R s

P. erectum Erect knotweed A 1-R

P. hydropiperoides Mild smartweed p I

P. pensylvanicum Pennsylvania A S-I I S-I I S-I smartweed

P. persicaria Ladysthumb A S-I I S-I S-1 S-I

P. sachalinense Sakhalin p S-I knotweed

Populus spp. Cottonwood w S-R S-R R

P. balsamifera Balsam poplar w I I

P. fremontii var. Rio Grande w I s wislizenii cottonwood EM 4419 - Page 27

Reaction to Herbicide

Type of Genus and Species Common Name Plant• ~ ~ I ;.< < V"') (1) 0 0I ~ I v" u v: ..2:..... v N ::;s N Cf} N"

Populus continued

P. sargentii Plains w S-I s s cottonwood

P. tremuloides Trembling aspen w S-I S-I S-I

Porlieria angustifolia Guayacan w R R

Portulaca oleracea Common purslane A I I s S-I S-I

Potamogeton spp. Pondweed p I R I-R I-R

Potentilla anserina Silverweed p :::::-R :::::-R cinquefoil

P. canadensis Common cinquefoil p S-I I I I

P. diversifolia Blueleaf cinque- p I I R foil

P. norvegica Rough cinquefoil A or B s

P. recta Sulfur cinquefoil p S-I I S-I I

P. reptans Creeping p R R cinquefoil

Proboscidea louisianica Devils claw A s

Prosopis juliflora Mesquite w I-R s S-I

P. j uliflora var. Honey mesquite w S-I s S-I I glandulosa

P. juliflora var. Velvet mesquite w R R S-I I R velutina

Prunella vulgaris Healall p S-I R I-R I-R R

Prunus spp. Cherry w 1-R S-I I

P. spp. Wild plum w S-I I I

P. americana American plum w s

P. angustifolia Chickasaw plum w I EM 4419 - Page 28

Reaction to Herbicide

Type of Genus and Species Common Name Plant E-- ~ I ~ Cl < t.n 0) Cl I A-. I 'tj-" u 'tj-: ~ 'tj-" N ::E N en N

P:.·unus continued

P. pensylvanica Pin cherry w s

P. serotina Black cherry w s s

P. virginiana Common chokecherry w 1-R S-1 I R

Pseudotsuga menziesii Douglas fir w 1-R 1-R 1-R

Pteridium aquilinum Bracken p R R R R R

Pueraria lobata Kudzu p I I I I

Pyrus coronaria Sweet crabapple w s

P. ioensis Prairie crabapple w S-1

P. melanocarpa Black chokeberry w S-1 S-1 I

P. sylvestris Apple w S-1 s s

Quercus alba White oak w 1-R R S-1 I R

_Q_. bicolor Swamp white oak w I S-1

_Q_. chrysolepis Canyon live oak w I I

_Q_. coccinea Scarlet oak w 1-R I I

_Q_. douglasii Blue oak w R S-1 S-1

_Q_. dumosa California scrub w I I oak

_Q_. durandii var. Bigleaf shin oak w s s breviloba

_Q_. durata Leather oak w 1-R 1-R 1-R

_Q_. emoryi Emory oak w 1-R 1-R

_Q_. falcata Southern red oak w 1-R

_Q_. gambelii Gambel oak w 1-R I I

_Q_. garryana Oregon white oak w I EM 4419 - Page 29

Reaction to Herbicide

Type of Genus and Species Common Name Plant. ~ i:o I >< 0 < V) Q.) 0 ~ > ~~ u ~: ~ ~~ N ::g N Cl) N

Quercus continued

_Q_. havardii Sand shinnery oak w I S-1 s

_g_. ilicifolia Bear oak w 1-R

_Q_. irnbricaria Shingle oak w 1-R

_g_. kelloggii California black w I I oak

_Q_. laevis Turkey oak w I S-1

_Q_. rnacrocarpa Bur oak w I S-1

_Q_. rnarilandica Blackjack oak w 1-R R S-1 S-1 R

_g_. rnuehlenbergii Chinquapin oak w I

_Q_. nigra Water oak w R 1-R 1-R

_g_. palustris Pin oak w I I 1-R

_Q_. prinus Chestnut oak w 1-R I 1-R

_g_. Eungens var. Vasey shin oak w ? s vaseyana

_Q_. rubra Northern red oak w 1-R 1-R I

_Q_. shurnardii var. Spanish oak w I-R I I texana

_g_. stellata Post oak w 1-R R S-1 S-1 R

_Q_. turbinella live oak w I-R I I 1-R

_g_. velutina Black oak w 1-R S-1 S-1

_Q_. virginiana Live oak w R 1-R I - R

_g_. wislizenii Interior live oak w 1-R 1-R S-1

Ranunculus abortivus Srnallflower A s buttercup

R. acris Tall buttercup p S-1 s s s s EM 4419 - Page 30

Reaction to Herbicide

Type of Genus and Species Common Name Plant ~ ~ I Q < V) >

Ranunculus continued

R. arvensis Corn buttercup A S-1 s s s s

R. bulbosus Bulbous buttercup p S-1 I I

R. repens Creeping buttercup p S-1 s s s S-1

R. sardous Hairy buttercup A s s

R. sceleratus Celeryleaf buttercup A I

Raphanus raphanistrum Wild radish A s s s s s

Ratibida pinnata Pinnate coneflower p s

Rhamnus californica var. California w 1-R 1-R ursina buck thorn

R. cathartica European buckthorn w I

R. crocea var. Hollyleaf w I S-1 ilicifolia buck thorn

Rhododendron canadense Canadian w R 1-R rhododendron

R. canescens Piedmont azalea w I s S-1

R. maximum Rosebay w R R R rhododendron

R. occidentale Western azalea w 1-R 1-R

Rhus spp. Sumac w s s s

R. copallina Shining sumac w s

R. diversiloba Pacific poison oak w I 1-R S-1 s R

R. glabra Smooth sumac w S-1

R. laurina Laurel sumac w S-1 S-1

R. microphylla Littleleaf sumac w s s

R. ovata Suga r sumac w S-1 S-1 EM 4419 - Page 3 I

Reaction to Herbicide

Type of Genus and Species Common Name Plant ~ ~ I ~ Q < 1./j a) Q I ~ I ~... u ~: ..:: ~... N ~ N u:i N

Rhus continued

R. radicans Poison ivy w I I s S-1 R

R. toxicodendron Poison oak w I S-I S-1

R. trilobata Skunkbush sumac w S-1 s S-I 1-R

R. typhina Staghorn sumac w s

Ribes americanum American black w s s currant

R. aureum Golden currant w s

R. binominatum Siskiyou w I s gooseberry

R. bracteosum Stink currant w s

R. californicum California w s gooseberry

R. cereum Wax currant w s s

R. cynosbati Pasture goose- w S-I berry

R. erythrocarpum Crater lake currant w s

R. glandulosum Skunk currant' w S-1

R. glutinosum Nutmeg currant w s

R. hirtellum Hairystem w S-1 gooseberry

R. hudsonianum Hudsonbay currant w s s

R. inerme Whitestem w S-1 s gooseberry

R. lacustre Swamp black w R s currant

R. laxiflorum Trailing black w s currant EM 4419 - Page 32

Reaction to Herbicide

Type of Plant Genus and Species Common Name E-- i:Q I >< 0 < V) (1) 0 I l1.. 'tj-~ u 'tj-: ~ ,d-~ N ~ N en N

Ribes continued

R. lobbii Lobbs gooseberry w s s

R. mc3.rshallii Hupa gooseberry w s

R. menziesii Menzies gooseberry w s

R. missouriense Missouri gooseberry w S-I

R. montigenum Mountain gooseberry w s s s

R. nevadense Sierra currant w s s

R. oxyacanthoides Northern gooseberry w s

R. :eetiolare Western black w s s currant

R. roezlii Sierra gooseberry w s I

R. sanguineum Redflowered currant w s s

R. triste Swamp red currant w R S-I

R. tularense Tulare gooseberry w s

R. v e lutinum Desert gooseberry w s

R. viscosissimum Sticky currant w I s

Richardia scabra Florida pusley A s

Robinia pseudoacacia Black locust w S-I S-I S-I

Roemeria refracta Roemer poppy A s

Rorippa austriaca Austrian fieldcress p S-I Rosa spp. Rose w R s R Rosa arkansana Arkansas rose w R I R

R. arkansana var. Sunshi ne rose w I S-I suffulta

R. brae tea ta Macartney rose w S-I R I I

R. californica California rose w R I I EM 4419 - Page 33

Reaction to Herbicide

Type of Genus and Species Common Name Plant ~ ~ I >< 0 < V) Q) 0 I ~ ~~ u ~: ..2: -tj-~ N ~ N v.i N

Rosa continued

R. eglanteria Sweetbrier rose w R

R. laevigata Cherokee rose w I I s

R. rnultiflora Multiflora rose w 1-R R I I

R. pisocarpa Wild rose w I R

R. woodsii Woods rose w R S-1 R R

Rubus spp. Blackberry w R R S-1 S-1 R

R. spp. Dewberry w 1-R S-1 S-1

R. spp. Raspberry w 1-R R S-1 S-1 R

R. flagellaris Northern dewberry w I

R. idaeus Red raspberry w 1-R S-1

R. occidentalis Black raspberry w R s

R. parviflorus Western thirnbleberry w 1-R S-1 s-r

R. spectabilis Salrnonberry w 1-R S-1 s-r

R. unsinus Grapeleaf dewberry w S-1 s-r

Rudbeckia occidentalis Niggerhead p S-1

R. serotina Blackeyedsusan p S-1 s-r s

Rurnex acetosa Sorrel (Sour dock) p s-r I S-1 I I

R. acetosella Red sorrel p R R R 1-R R

R. altissirnus Smooth dock p S-1 S-1 S-1 S-1 1-R

R. conglorneratus Cluster dock B or p s-r s-r

R. crispus Curly dock p S-1 I s-r 1-R I

R. hastatalus Heartwing sorrel p s

R. obtusifolius Broad leaf dock p S-1 I S-1 S-1 I

R. pulcher Fiddleleaf dock p s EM 4419 - Page 34

Reaction to Herbicide

Type of Genus and Species Common Name Plant r4 ~ I >< Q < V) Q) Q I ~ I ~~ u ~: ~ ~~ N ::E N v3 N

Rumex continued

R. venosus Veiny dock p I

Sagittaria spp. Arrowhead p I S-1 s

s. calycina California A s s s s s arrowhead

s. longiloba Perennial p I I 1-R arrowhead

Salix spp. Willow w S-1 I S-1 S-1

s. alba White willow w s

s. amygdaloides Peachleaf willow w s s

s. caudata Whiplash willow w s s

s. exigua Sandbar willow w s s

s. interior Ditchbank willow w s s

s. nigra Black willow w s s s

Salsola kali var. Russian thistle A S-I S-1 S-1 S-1 S-1 tenuifolia

Salvia apiana White sage w S-1

s. leucophylla Whiteleaf sage w S-1

s. sonomensis Sonoma sage w S-1 I S-I I I

Sambucus spp. Elder w S-I S-1 S-1

s. canadensis American elder w S-I s

s. cerulea Blue elder w s

Sapium sebiferum Tallowtree w s

Saponaria officinalis Bouncingbet p 1-R R 1-R 1-R R

Sarcobatus vermiculatus Greasewood w s s s EM 4419 - Page 35

Reaction to Herbicide

Type of Genus and Species Common Name Pfant E- ~ I ><: Q < V) Q ~ (1.) ..J-~ u ~: ..2: ..J-~ N =s N CZ) N

Sassafras albidum Sassafras w S-I S-I I

Scirpus spp. Bulrush p I I I I R

Scleranthus annuus Knawel A R R

Scrophularia lanceolata Lanceleaf figwort p s

Senecio glabellus Cress leaf grounds el A s s s s-r S-I

s. jacobaea Tansy ragwort B or p S-I I I I I-R

s. longilobus Threadleaf p I grounds el

s. riddellii Riddell grounds el p s

s. triangularis Arrow leaf p I I R grounds el

s. vulgaris Common groundsel A I-R I-R R R R

Serenoa repens Saw palmetto w s

Sesbania exaltata Hemp sesbania A I s-r S-I s I

Shepherdia argentea Silver buffaloberry w s

Sherardia arvensis Field madder A I-R

Sicyos angulatus Burcucumber A I s

Sida hederacea Alkali sida p I-R

Silene antirrhina Sleepy catchfly A R

s. cucubalus Bladder campion p R R R R - R

s. dichotoma Hairy catchfly A R

s. noctiflora Nightflowering A R R R R R catchfly EM 4419 - Page 36

Reaction to Herbicide

(I Type of Genus and Species Common Name Plant r4 ~ I X 0 < V) (1) 0 I '1-. I ~~ u 2: ~~ N ~ ~=N v3 N

Sisymbrium altissimum Tumble mustard A s S-I s s

s. irio London rocket A s s s s s

s. loeselii Tall hedge A s mustard

s. officinale Hedge mustard A s s s s s

Smilax spp. Greenbrier w R 1-R R

s. bona-nox Saw greenbrier w R R I-R 1-R

s. rotundifolia Common w R 1-R 1-R greenbrieJj

Solanum carolinense Horsenettle p 1-R R I 1-R

s. dulcamara Bitter nightshade p 1-R I-R 1-R

s. elaeagnifolium Silverleaf p 1-R 1-R 1-R nightshade

s. nigrum Black nightshade A I I I S-I I

s. rostratum Buffalo bur A R R R R

s. triflorum Cutleaf A I nightshade

s. tuberosum Potato A I

Solidago canadensis Canada p I goldenrod

s. nemoralis Gray goldenrod p I

Sonchus arvensis Perennial p I I I I I sowthistle

s. asper Spiny sowthistle A s s s

s. oleraceus Annual A s s s s sowthistle EM 4419 - Page 37

Reaction to Herbicide

Type of

Genus and Species Common Name Plant ~ I ~ < V) X 0 ~ Q) 0 ~... u ~ ... ~... N ... ~ N ::E r✓.i N

Sophora secundifolia Mescalbean w s s

Spartium junceum Spanish broom w s s

Specularia perfoliata Venus lookingglass A 1-R

Spergula arvensis Corn spurry A I-R I R I R

Sphenoclea zeylanica Gooseweed A I I-R I 1-R R

Spiraea spp. Spirea w R R

s. alba Narrow leaf w S-I s meadowsweet

s. t0nentosa Hardhack w I I

StachYf> floridana Florida betony p I-R 1-R

--SteU-- aria-- media Common chickweed A I 1-R S-I s I Still ingia sylvatica Queensdelight p R

Striga lutea Witchweed A s s s s s

Symphoricarpos albus Common snowberry w s

s. occidentalis Western snowberry w s R 1-R 1-R

s. orbiculatus Buckbrush w s I-R R

Symphytum officinale Common cornfrey p I-R I-R R

Symplocarpus foetidus Skunkcabbage p S-I S-I I

Syringa vulgaris Common lilac w 1-R S-I

Tamarix gallica French tamarisk w 1-R R I S-1 R

-T. pentandra Saltcedar w S-I S-I S-I

Tanacetum vulgare Tansy p I R I

Taraxacum officinale Dandelion p s s s s l ·-R

Tetradymia spp. Horsebrush w s EM 4419 - Page 38

Reaction to Herbicide

Type of Genus and Species Common Name Plant E-- ~ I ~ 0 < V) Q) 0 ~ I ~~ u ~ ..2: ~~ N ::;E N u3 N

T. glabrata Littleleaf w I-R I-R horsebrush

Thlaspi arvense Field pennycress A s s s S-I S-I (Fanweed)

Thuga occidentalis Northern white w I I I cedar

Tilia americana American basswood w R 1-R I-R

Tragopogon dubius Western salsify B S-1

T. porrifolius Common salsify B S-1

T. pratensis Meadow salsify B S-1 (Goatsbeard)

Tribulus terrestris Puncturevine A S-I I-R I I S-I

Triglochin maritima Seaside arrowgrass A I I

Tsuga spp. Hemlock w 1-R I-R I-R

T. heterophylla Western hemlock w 1-R I-R

Tussilago farfara Coltsfoot p 1-R R R

Typha angustifolia Narrowleaf cattail p I I-R I I I-R

T. latifolia Common cattail p I I-R I I 1-R

Ulex europaeus Gorse w I s

Ulmus spp. Elm w 1-R R I , I R

u. alata Winged elm w R I 1-R

u. americana American elm w I I I

U~ fulva Slippery red elm w I I I

u. pumila Siberian elm w I EM 4419 - Page 39

Reaction to Herbicide

Type of Genus and Species Common Name Plant ~ ~ I Q < V) > ~-- u ~ :-:::l ~-- N ~ N ti) N

Urtica dioica Stinging nettle p S-I S-I S-I

u. procera Tall nettle A S-I

u. urens Burning nettle A S-I

Vaccaria segetalis Cow cockle A R

Vaccinium spp. Blueberry w I-R I I

Veratrum californicum Western false p S-I hellebore

Verbascum blattaria Moth mullein p I I

v. thapsus Common mullein B I-R I-R I S-I R

Verbena bonariensis Tall vervain p S-I

v. bracteata Prostrate vervain p s

v. hastata Blue vervain p s

v. stricta Hoary vervain p S-I

Vernonia baldwinii Western ironweed p S-I S-I R I-R

Veronica arvensis Corn speedwell A I-R R R I-R R

v. chamaedrys Germander speedwell p I-R I-R

v. hederaefolia Ivyleaf speedwell A R

v. officinalis Common speedwell p I-R R R I-R R

V. peregrina Purslane speedwell A I R I

V. serpyllif olia Thymeleaf speedwell p I-R I-R

Viburnum dentatum Arrowwood viburnum w I S-I S-I

v. lentago Sweet viburnum w R I-R

v. rufidulum Rusty blackhaw w I-R I EM 4419 - Page 40

Reaction to Herbicide

Type of Genus and Species Common Name Plant ~ ~ I ><: V) 0 <~ Q) 0 .J-~ u ~ ~ .J-~ N ::E N 00 N

Vicia spp. Wild vetch A s s s s s

v. angustifolia Narrowleaf vetch A s I s

V. cracca Bird vetch p S-I S-I

V. sativa Common vetch A S-I S-I s s

Vinca minor Periwinkle p I-R

Viola spp. Violet p I-R R S-I

Vitis vulpina Riverbank grape w S-I S-I S-I

Wyethia amplexicaulis Mulesears p S-I S-I

Xanthium chinense Oriental cocklebur A s

X. echinatum Beach cocklebur A s

X. pensylvanicum Common cocklebur A s I s S-I

x. spinosum Spiny cocklebur A s s s

Yucca spp. Yucca w I s

Y. glauca Small soapweed w R I-R s

Zanthoxylum americanum Prickly ash w R R R

z. fagara Colima w R R R

Zi gadenus gramineus Grassy deathcamas p I I-R

z. paniculatus Foothill deathcamas p S-I I INDEX

Common Name Scientific Name

Acacia blackbrush Acacia rigidula catclaw Acacia greggii twisted Acacia tortuosa see also guajillo, huisache, whitethorn Agarito Berberis trifoliolata Agrimony Agrimonia gryposepala Ajuga Ajuga reptans Alder Alnus spp. American green Alnus crispa hazel Alnus serrulata red Alnus rubra Sitka Alnus sinuata speckled Alnus rugosa Alligatorweed Alternanthera philoxeroides Alyssum, hoary Berteroa incana Amaranth Palmer Amaranthus palmeri spiny Amaranthus spinosus see also pigweed Ammannia, purple Ammannia coccinea Apple Pyrus sylvestris Arrowgrass, seaside Triglochin maritima Arrowhead Sagittar:i!a spp. California Sagittaria calycina perennial Sagittaria longiloba Artichoke, Jerusalem Helianthus tuberosus Ash Fraxinus spp. blue Fraxinus quadrangulata green Fraxinus pennsylvanica Oregon Fraxinus latifolia white Fraxinus americana Asparagus Asparagus officinalis Aspen, quaking (trembling) Populus tremuloides see also cottonwood, poplar Aster heath Aster ericoides western Aster occidentalis white heath Aster pilosus woody Aster parryi Azalea piedmont Rhododendron canescens western Rhododendron occidentale see also rhododendron Azolla, Atlantic Azolla caroliniana

Baccharis, willow Baccharis salicina see also coyotebrush Baileya, desert Baileya multiradiata Barberry, Colorado Berberis fendleri see also mahonia, ajuga EM 4419 - Page 42

Common Name Scientific Name

Bassia, fivehook Bassia hyssopifolia Basswood, American Tilia americana Bayberry, northern Myrica pensylvanica Beakchervil, woodland Anthriscus sylvestris Bearberry uva-ursi Bearmat Chamaebatia foliolosa Beautyberry, American Callicarpa americana Bedstraw . catchweed Galium aparine northern Galium boreale rough Galium asprellum smooth Galium mollugo yellow Galium verum Beech, American Fagus grandifolia Beeplant, Rocky Mountain Cleome serrulata Beggarticks devils Bidens frondosa nodding Bidens cernua see also spanishneedles Bellflower, creeping Campanula rapunculoides Betony, Florida Stachys floridana Bindweed field Convolvulus arvensis hedge Convolvulus sepium Birch Betula spp. gray Betula populifolia paper Betula papyrifera yellow Betula alleghaniensis Biscuitroot, bicolor Lomatium leptocarpum Bistort, American Polygonum bistortoides Bittercress Cardamine spp. Blackberry Rubus spp. see also dewberry, raspberry, salmonberry, thimbleberry Blackeyedsusan Rudbeckia serotina Blackgum Nyssa sylvatica Black.haw, rusty Viburnum rufidulum see also viburnum Bloodweed Ambrosia apetara Blueberry Vaccinum spp. Blueweed, Texas Helianthus ciliaris Boxelder Acer negundo Bouncingbet Saponaria officinalis Bracken Pteridium aquilinum Broom Scotch Cytisus scoparius Spanish Spartium junceum Broomweed, common Gutierrezia dracunculoides see also snakeweed Buckbrush Symphoricarpos orbiculatus see also snowberry Buckeye Aesculus spp. California Aesculus californica EM 4419 - Page 43

Common Name Scientific Name

Buck thorn California Rhanmus californica var. ursina European Rhamnus cathartica hollyleaf Rhamnus crocea var. ilicifolia Buckwheat Tartary Fagopyrum tataricum wild Polygonum convolvulus Buffaloberty, silver Shepherdia argentea Buffalobur Solanum rostratum Bullnettle Cnidoscolus stimulosus Bullthistle, wavyleaf Cirsium undulatum Bulrush Scirpus spp. Bumelia, gum Bumelia lanuginosa Burclover, California Medicago polymorpha var. vulgaris

Bur cucumber Sicyos angulatus Burdock common Arctium minus great Arctium lappa Burhead Echinodorus cordifolius Burroweed Haplopappus tenuisectus Bursage skeletonleaf Franseria discolor slimleaf Franseria ,confertiflora woolly leaf Franseria tomentosa Buttercup bulbous Ranunculus bulbosus celery leaf Ranunculus scleratus corn Ranunculus arvensis creeping Ranunculus repens hairy Ranunculus sardous small flower Ranunculus abortivus tall Ranunculus acris Buttonbush, common Cephalanthus occidentalis

Camel thorn Alhagi camelorum Camphorweed Heterotheca subaxillaris Campion bladder Silene cucubalus red Lychnis dioica see also catchfly Carpetweed Mollugo verticillata Carrot, wild Daucus carota Catalpa Catalpa spp. Catchfly hairy Silene dichotoma nightflowering Silene noctiflora sleepy silene antirrhina see also campion Catnip Nepeta cataria Catsear, spotted Hypochaeris radicata EM 4419 - Page 44

Common Name Scientific Name

Cattail common Typha latifolia narrowleaf Typha angustifolia Ceanothus Ceanothus spp. blueblossom Ceanothus thyrisiflorus deerbrush Ceanothus integerrimus desert Ceanothus greggi redstem Ceanothus sanguineus snowbrush Ceanothus velutinus varnishleaf Ceanothus velutinus var. laevigatus wedgeleaf Ceanothus cuneatus see also whitethorn Cedar incense Libocedrus decurrens northern white Thuja occidentalis see also redcedar, saltcedar Chamise Adenostoma fasciculatum Chamomile, corn Anthemis arvensis Cherry Prunus spp. black Prunus serotina pin Prunus pensylvanica see also chokecherry, plum Chestnut, American Castanea dentata Chickweed common Stellaria media field Cerastium arvense mouseear Cerastium vulgatum Chicory Cichorium intybus Chinquapin Allegheny Castanea purnila California Castanopsis sempervirens golden Castanopsis chrysophylla golden everygreen Castanopsis chrysophylla var. minor Chokeberry, black Pyrus melonocarpa Chokecherry, common Prunus virginiana see also cherry, plum Cholla Opuntia spp . see also pricklypear, tasajillo Christmasberry Photinia arbutifolia Cinquefoil blueleaf Potentilla diversifolia common Potentilla canadensis creeping Potentilla reptans rough Potentilla norvegica silverweed Potentilla anserina sulphur Potentilla recta Clematis, western Clematis ligusticifolia Cockle corn Agrostemma githago cow Vaccaria segetalis white Lychnis alba Cocklebur beach Xanthiurn echinatum EM 4419 - Page 45

Common Name Scientific Name

Cocklebur continued common Xanthium pensylvanicum oriental Xanthium chinense spiny Xanthium spinosum Coffeetree, Kentucky Cymnocladus dioicus Coffeeweed Daubentonia texana Colima Zanthoxylum fagara Coltsfoot Tussilago farfara Comfrey, common Symphytum officinale Coneflower, pinnate Ratibida pinnata Condalia, lotebush Condalia obtusifolia Coontail, common Ceratophyllum demersum Copperleaf, Virginia Acalypha virginica Coreopsis, plains Coreopsis tinctoria Cornflower Centaurea cyanus Cottonwood Populus spp. plains Populus sargentii Rio Grande Populus fremontii var. wislizenii see also aspen, poplar Cowparsnip, hogweed Heracleum sphondylium Coyotebrush Baccharis pilularis see also baccharis Coyotillo Karwinskia humboldtiana Crabapple prairie Pyrus ioensis sweet Pyrus coronaria see also apple, chokeberry Crazyweed, Lambert Oxytropis lambertii Creeper, Virginia Parthenocissus quinquefolia Creosotebush Larrea tridentata Cress hoary Cardaria draba swine­ Coronopus didymus Crotalaria, showy Crotalaria spectabilis Croton Lindheimer Croton lindheirmeri Texas Croton texensis woolly Croton capitatus Crownvetch, trailing Coronilla varia Cucumber tree Magnolia acuminata Cudweed low Gnaphalium uliginosum wandering Gnaphalium pensylvanicum Currant American black Ribe s americanum golden Ribes aureum Crater Lake Ribes erythorcaq~um Hudsonbay Ribes hudsonianum nutmeg Ribes glutinosum red flowered Ribes sanguineum Sierra Ribes nevadense skunk Ribes glandulosum sticky Ribes viscosissimum EM 4419 - Page 46

Common Name Scientific Name

Currant continued stink Ribes bracteosum swamp black Ribes lacustre swamp red Ribes triste trailing black Ribes laxiflorum wax Ribes cereum west,ern black Ribes petiolare see also gooseberry

Daisy English Bellis perennis oxeye Chrysanthemum leucanthemum Dandelion, common Taraxacum officinale Dangleberry Gaylussacia frondosa Dayflower, common Commelina communis Deadnettle, red Lamium purpureum see also henbit Deathcamas foothill Zigadenus paniculatus grassy Zigadenus gramineus Deervetch, broom Lotus scoparius Devils claw Paroboscidea lousianica Devils-walkings tick Aralia spinosa Dewberry Rubus spp. grapeleaf Rubus unsinus northern Rubus flagellaris see also raspberry, salmonberry, thimbleberry, blackberry. Dichondra Dichondra repens Dock broad leaf Rumex obtusifolius cluster Rumex conglomeratus curly Rumex crispus fiddleleaf Rumex pulcher smooth Rumex altissimus veiny Rumex venosus see also sorrel, red sorrel Dodder Cuscuta e;eithymum clover Cuscuta campestris field Cuscuta e_eilinum flax Cuscuta indecora largeseed Cuscuta planiflora small seed Cuscuta pentagona smallseed alfalfa Cuscuta gronovii swamp Dogbane Apocynum cannabinum hemp Apocynum androsaemifolium spreading Eupatorium capillifolium Dog fennel Cornus spp. Dogwood Cornus canadensis bunchberry Cornus florida flowering Cornus stonolifera redosier Cornus drurnrnondii rough.leaf Cornus rugosa round leaf EM 4419 - Page 47

Common Name Scientific Name

Ducksalad Heteranthera limosa Duckweed, common Lemna minor

Elder Sambucus spp. American Sambucus canadensis blue Sambucus cerulea Elm Ulmus spp. American Ulmus americana Siberian Ulmus pumila slippery red Ulmus fulva winged Ulmus alata Elodea Elodea canadensis Eveningprimrose common Oenothera binennis cutleaf Oenothera laciniata

Falseflax, smallseed Camelina microcarpa Fennel, dog­ Eupatorium capillifolium Fiddleneck coast Amsinckia intermedia tarweed Amsinckia lycopsoides Fieldcress, Austrian Rorippa austriaca Figwort, lanceleaf Scrophularia lanceolata Filaree, redstem Erodium cicutarium Fir balsam Abies balsamea Douglas Pseudotsuga menziesii white Abies concolor Fireweed Epilobium angustifolium Fleabane annual Erigeron annuus Oregon Erigeron speciosus Philadelphia Erigeron philadelphicus rough Erigeron strigosus see also horseweed Flixweed Descurainia sophia see also tansymustard Fogfruit, wedgeleaf Lippia cuneifolia Foolsparsley Aethusa cynapium Four-o'clock prairie Mirabilis jalapa wild Mirabilis nyctaginea

Galinsoga hairy Galinsoga ciliata smallflower Galinsoga parviflora Garlic, wild Allium vineale see also onion Gall berry Ilex glabra Geranium Carolina Geranium carolinianum cutleaf Geranium dissectum small Geranium pusillum EM 4419 - Page 48

Common Name Scientific Name

Goatsbeard (see salsify) Goatsrue Galega officinalis Goldenrod Canada Solidago canadensis gray Solidago nemoralis Goldenweed, fleece Haplopappus arborescens see also burroweed, jirnrnyweed Gooseberry California Ribes californicum desert Ribes velutinum hairystem Ribes hirtellum Hupa Ribes mar shall ii Lobbs Ribes lobbii Menzies Ribes menziesii Missouri Ribes missouriense mountain Ribes montigenum northern Ribes oxyacanthoides pasture Ribes cynosbati Sierra Ribes roezlii Siskiyou Ribes binominatum Tulare Ribes tularense whitestem Ribes inerme see also currant Goosefoot jerusalemoak Chenopodium botrys nettleleaf Chenopodium murale oakleaf Chenopodium glaucum see also lambsquarters, mexicantea Gooseweed Sphenoclea zeylanica Gorse Ulex europaeus Gourd, buffalo Cucurbita foetidissima Goutweed, bishops Aegopodium podograria Granjeno Celtis pallida see also hackberry Grape, riverbank Vitis vulpina Grapehyacinth, common Muscari botryoides Greasewood Sarcobatus vermiculatus Greenbrier Smilax spp. common Smilax rotundifolia saw Smilax bona-nox Gromwell common Lithospermum officinale corn Lithospermum arvense Groundcherry clammy Physalis heterophylla longleaf Physalis longifolia purpler lower Physalis lobata smooth Physalis subglabrata tomatillo Physalis ixocarpa Wright Physalis wrightii EM 4419 - Page 49

Common Name Scientific Name

Grounds el arrowleaf Senecio triangularis common Senecio vulgaris cress leaf Senecio glabellus Riddell Senecio riddellii thread leaf Senecio longilobus see also ragwort Guajillo Acacia berlandieri see also acacia Guayacan Porlieria angustifolia Gumweed Grindelia squarrosa

Hackberry Celtis spp. western Celtis occidentalis see also granjeno Halogeton Halogeton glomeratus Hardhack Spiraea tomentosa see also meadowsweet, spirea Hawkbit fall Leontodon autumnalis rough Leontodon nudicaulis Hawks beard rough Crepis biennis smooth Crepis capillaris Hawkweed mouseear Hieracium pilosella orange Hieracium aurantiacum yellow Hieracium pratense Hawthorn Crataegus spp. black Crataegus douglasii Hazel American Corylus americana beaked Corylus cornuta California Corylus cornuta var. californica Healall Prunella vulgaris Hellebore, western false Veratrum californicum Hemlock poison Conium maculatum water­ Cicuta maculata western Tsuga heterophylla Hemp Cannabis sativa Hempnettle Galeopsis tetrahit Henbane, black Hyoscyamus niger Henbit Lamium amplexicaule see also deadnettle Hickory black Carya texana shagbark Carya ovata see also pecan Hogpeanut, Southern Amphicarpa bracteata Hogpotato Hoffmanseggia densiflora Honeylocust Gleditsia triancanthos EM 4419 - Page 50

Common Name Scientific Name

Honeysuckle Lonicera spp. bush Diervilla lonicera Japanese Lonicera japonica Hophornbeam, eastern Ostrya virginiana Hornbeam, American Carpinus caroliniana Horsebrush Tetradymia spp. littl,eleaf Tetradymia glabrata Horsenettle Solanum carolinense Horsetail field Equisetum arvense marsh Equisetum palustre Horseweed Conyza canadensis Hounds tongue Cynoglossum officinale Huisache Acacia farnesiana see also acacia, guajillo Hydrangea, smooth Hydrangea arborescens

Indian tobacco Lobelia inflata Indigo, wild Baptisia tinctoria Iris Rocky Mountain Iris missouriensis yellowflag Iris pseudacorus Ironweed, western Vernonia baldwinii Ivy English Hedera helix ground Glechoma hederacea poison Rhus radicans

Javelinabrush Microrhamnus ericoides Jimmyweed Haplopappus pluriflorus see also burroweed, goldenweed Jimsonweed Datura stramonium Jointvetch, Indian Aeschynomene indica Juniper Juniperus spp. alligator Juniperus deppeana oneseed Juniperus monosperma redberry Juniperus pinchotii Utah Juniperus osteosperrna see also redcedar

Knapweed black Centaurea nigra brown Centaur ea jace~ diffuse Centaurea dif fusa Russian Centaur ea repens spotted Centaur ea maculosa squarrose Centaurea sguarrosa see also cornflower, starthistle Knawel Scleranthus annuus Knotweed erec..t Polygonum erectum Japanese Polygonum cuspidatum EM 4419 - Page 51

Common Name Scientific Name

Knotweed continued prostrate Polygonum aviculare sakhalin Polygonum schalinense silversheath Polygonum argyrocoleon see also bistort, buckwheat~ ladysthumb, smartweed Kochia Kochia scoparia Kudzu Pueraria lobata

Ladysthumb Polygonum persicaria Lambsquarters, common Chenopodium album see also goosefoot, mexicantea Larch Larix spp. Larkspur duncecap Delphinium occidentale little Delphinium bicolor Menzies Delphinium menziesii tall Delphinium barbeyi Laurel mountain Kalmia latifolia pale Kalmia polifolia sheep Kalmia angustifolia Leatherleaf Chamaedaphne calyculata Leatherstem Jatropha dioica Leatherwood Dirca pai'ustris Leptotaenia, carrotleaf Leptotaenia multifida Lettuce blue Lactuca pulchella prickly Lactuca serriola Lespedeza common Lespedeza striata violet Lespedeza violacea Licorice, wild Clycyrrhiza lepidota Lilac, common Syringa vulgaris Loco, bigbend Astragalu~ earlei see also milkvetch Locust, black Robinia pseudoacacia Lookingglass, Venus Specularia perfoliata Loosestrife, purple Lythrum salicaria Lotus, American Nelumbium lutea Lupine silvery Lupinus argenteus stream Lupinus rivularis tailcup Lupinus caudatus

Madder, field Sherardia arvensis Madrone, Pacific menziesii Magnolia, sweetbay Magnolia virginiana see also cucumbertree Mahonia, red Mahonia haematocarpa EM 44 19 - Page 52

Common Name Scientific Name

Mallow common Malva neglecta dwarf Malva rotundifolia little Malva parviflora Venice Hibiscus trionum Manzanita Arctostaphylos spp. Del N:orte Arctostaphylos cinera greenleaf hairy Arctostaphylos columbiana hoary Howell Arctostaphylos hispidula pine Arc tostaphylos parryana var. pine ton m pointleaf Pringle see also bearberry Maple Acer spp. bigleaf Acer macrophyllum mountain Acer spicatum red Acer rubrum Rocky Mountain Acer glabrum var. glabrum silver Acer saccharinum sugar Acer saccharum vine Acer circinatum see also boxelder Marshelder Iva xanthifolia Mayweed Anthemis cotula Meadowsweet, narrowleaf Spiraea alba see also hardhack, spirea Medic, black Medicago lupulina Mescal bean Sophora secundiflora Mesquite Prosopis juliflora honey Prosopis juliflora var . glandulosa velvet Prosopis juliflora var. velutina Mexican tea Chenopodium ambrosioides Mexicanwe ed Caperonia castanaefolia Milkvetch Astragalus spp. narrowleaf Astragalus pectinatus two grooved Astragalus bisulcatus see also loco Milkweed blood flower Asclepias curassavica broadleaf Asclepias latifolia common Asclepias syriaca eastern whorled Asclepias verticillata showy Asclepias speciosa Mint, field Mentha arvensis Moneywort Lysimachia nummularia Moonseed , common Menispermum canadense EM 4419 - Page 53

Common Name Scientific Name

Morningglory bigroot Ipomoea pandurata ivyleaf Ipomoea hederacea scarlet Ipomoea coccinea smallflower Jacquemontia tamnifolia tall Ipomoea purpurea woolly Ipomoea hirsutula Mountainmahogany Cercocarpus montanus birchleaf Cercocarpus betuloides hairy Cercocarpus breviflorus Mugwort Artemisia vulgaris Mulberry red Marus rubra white Marus alba Mules ears Wyethia amplexicaulis Mullein common Verbascum thapsus moth Verbascum blattaria Mustard ball Neslia paniculata birdsrape Brassica rapa black Brassica nigra blue Chorispora tenella dog Erucastrum gallicum haresear Conringia orientalis hedge Sisymbrium officinale Indian Brassica juncea Jim Hill (see tumble mustard) tall hedge Sisymbrium loeselii tansy- Descurainia pinnata tumble Sisymbrium altissimum white Brassica hirta wild Brassica kaber wormseed Erysimum cheiranthoides see also London rocket

Nettle burning Urtica urens stinging Urtica dioica tall Urtica procera Niggerhead Rudbeckia occidentalis Nightshade bitter Solanum dulcamara black Solanum nigrum cutleaf Solanum triflorum silverleaf Solanum elaeagnifolium see also buffa~obur, horsenettle Ninebark Physocarpus opulifolius Nutgrass (see nutsedge) Nutsedge purple Cyperus rotundus yellow Cyperus esculentus EM 4419 - Page 54

Common Name Scientific Name

Oak bear Quercus ilicifolia bigleaf shin Quercus durandii var. breviloba black Quercus velutina blackjack Quercus marilandica blue Quercus douglasii bur Quercus macrocaq~a California black Quercus kelloggii California scrub Quercus dumosa canyon live Quercus chrysolepis chestnut Quercus prinus chinquapin Quercus muehlenbergii Emory Quercus emoryi Gambel Quercus gambelii interior live Quercus wislizenii leather Quercus durata live Quercus virginiana northern red Quercus rubra Oregon white Quercus garryana Pacific poison Rhus diversiloba pin Quercus palustris poison Rhus toxicodendron post Quercus stellata sand shinnery Quercus•havardii scarlet Quercus coccinea shingle Quercus imbricaria shrub live Quercus turbinella southern red Quercus falcata Spanish Quercus shumardii var. texana swamp white Quercus bicolor turkey Quercus laevis Vasey shin Quercus pungens var. vaseyana water Quercus nigar white Quercus alba Olive, Russian Elaeagnus angustifolia Onion tapertip Allium acuminatum wild Allium canadense see also garlic Orach halberdleaf Atriplex patula var. hastata spreading Atriplex patula Osageorange Maclura pomifera Oxtongue, bristly Picris echioides

Palmetto, saw Serenoa repens Parsley desert Lomatium grayi fools­ Aethusa cynapium Parsnip, wild Pastinaca sativa Partridgepea Cassia fasciculata see also senna, sicklepod EM 4419 - Page 55

Common Name Scientific Name

Passionflower, maypop Passiflora incarnata Peashrub, Siberian Caragana arborescens Peavine Astragalus emoryanus Pecan Carya illinoensis see also hickory Pellitory, Florida Parietaria floridanum Pennycress, field Thlaspi arvense Pennywort· lawn Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides water Hydrocotyle umbellata Penstemon, Rydberg Penstemon rydbergii Pepperweed field Lepidium campestre greenflower Lepidium densiflorum perennial Lepidium latifolium Virginia Lepidium virginicum yellowflower Lepidium perfoliatum Peppervine Ampelopsis arborea Periwinkle, common Vinca minor Persimmon eastern Diospyros virginiana Texas Diospyros texana Pigweed prostrate Amaranthus blitoides redroot Amaranthus retroflexus Russian Axyris amaranthoides smooth Amaranthus hybridus tumble Amaranthus albus see also amaranth Pimpernel, scarlet Anagallis arvensis Pine Pinus spp. loblolly Pinus taeda longleaf Pinus palustris pinyon Pinus edulis ponderosa Pinus ponderosa shortleaf Pinus echinata sugar Pinus lambertiana Pineappleweed Matricaria matricarioides Plantain blackseed Plantago rugelii bracted Plantago aristata broadleaf Plantago major buckhorn Plantago lanceolata hoary Plantago media slender Plantago pusilla woolly Plantago purshii Plum Prunus spp. American Prunus americana chickasaw Prunus angustifolia Pokeweed, common Phytolacca americana Pondweed Potamogeton spp. Poorjoe Diodia teres EM 4419 - Page 56

Common Name Scientific Name

Poplar, balsam Populus balsamifera see also aspen, cottonwood Poppy, Roemer Roemeria refracta Potato Solanum tuberosum Potato, hog- Hoffmanseggia densiflora Povertyweed Iva axillaris Pricklepoppy, bluestem Argemone intermedia Pricklyash Zanthoxylum americanum Pricklypear Opuntia spp. plains Opuntia polyacantha see also cholla, tasajillo Primrose, evening (see eveningprimrose) Puncturevine Tribulus terrestris Purslane, common Portulaca oleracea Pusley, Florida Richardia scabra Pussytoes, plantainleaf Antennaria plantaginifolia

Queensdelight Stillingia sylvatica

Rabbitbrush Chrysothamnus spp. Douglas Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus rubber Chrysothamnus nauseosus small Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus var. stenophyllus Radish, wild Raphanus· raphanistrum Ragweed blood Ambrosia trifida var. texana common Ambrosia artemisiifolia giant Ambrosia trif ida western Ambrosia psilostachya Ragwort, tansy Senecio jacobaea see also groundsel Raspberry Rubus spp. black Rubus occidentalis r e d Rubus idaeus see also blackberry, dewberry, thimble berry, salmonberry Redbay Persea borbonia Redbud, eastern Cercis canadensis Redcedar, eastern Juniperus virginiana see also juniper Redvine Brunnichia cirrhosa Redweed Melochia corchorifolia Restharrow Ononsis repens Rhododendron Canadian Rhododendron canadense rosebay Rhododendron maximum see also azalea Rocket London Sisymbrium irio yellow Barbarea vulgaris EM 4419 - Page 57

Common Name Scientific Name

Rose Rosa spp. Arkansas Rosa arkansana California Rosa californica Cherokee Rosa laevigata Macartney Rosa bracteata multiflora Rosa multiflora sunshine Rosa arkansana var. suffulta sweetbrier Rosa eglanteria (' wild Rosa pisocarpa Woods Rosa woodsii Rubberweed bitter Hymenoxys odorata Colorado Hymenoxys richardsoni Rue, African Peganum harmala Rush jointed Juncus articulatus slender Juncus tenuis soft Juncus effusus spike- Eleocharis spp.

Sage Sonoma Salvia sonomensis white Salvia apiana whiteleaf Salvia leucophylla Sagebrush big Artemisia tridentata California Artemisia californica fringed Artemisia frigida low Artemisia arbuscula sand Artemisia filifolia silver Artemisia cana threetip Artemisia tripartita Salal Gaultheria shallon Salmonberry Rubus spectabilis Salsify common Tragopogon porrifolius meadow Tragopogon pratensis western Tragopogon dubius Saltcedar Tamarix pentandra see also tamarisk Sandwort, thymeleaf Arenaria serphyllifolia Sassafras Sassafras albidum Scabious, field Knautia arvensis Senna, coffee Cassia occidentalis see also partridgepea, sicklepod Serviceberry Saskatoon Arnelanchier alnifolia thicket Arnelanchier canadensis, Sesbania, hemp Sesbania exaltata Shepherdspurse Capella bursa-pastoris EM 4419 - Page 58

Common Name Scientific Name

Sicklepod Cassia obtusifolia Sida, alkali Sida hederacea Silk tassel Wright Garrya wrightii yellowleaf Garrya flavescens Silverberry Elaeagnus commutata Skeletonweed Lygodesmia juncea rush · Chondrilla juncea Skunkcabbage Syrnplocarpus foetidus Smar tweed mild Polygonum hydropiperoides Pennsylvania Polygonum pensylvanicum swamp Polygonum coccineum water Polygonum amphibium see also bistort, knotweed, ladysthumb Snakeroot, white Eupatorium rugosum Snakeweed broom Gutierrezia sarothrae thread leaf Gutierrezia microcephala see also broomweed Snapweed, pale Impatiens pallida Sneezeweed, bitter Helenium amarum Snow-on-the-mountain Euphorbia marginata Snow berry common Symphoricarpos albus western Syrnphoricarpos occidentalis see also buckbrush Soapweed, small Yucca glauca see also yucca Sorrel Rumex acetosa heartwing Rumex hastatulus red Rumex acetosella Sourwood Oxydendrum arboreum Sowthistle annual Sonchus oleraceus perennial Sonchus arvensis spiny Sonchus asper Spanishneedles Bidens bipinnata see also beggarticks Speedwell common Veronica officinalis corn Veronica arvensis germander Veronica chamaedrys ivyleaf Veronica hederaefolia purslane Veronica peregrina thymeleaf Veronica serpyllifolia Spicebush, common Lindera benzoin Spikerush creeping Eleocharis palustris squarestem Eleocharis quadrangulata EM 4419 - Page 59

Common Name Scientific Name

Spirea Spirea spp. see also hardhack, meadowsweet Spruce Picea spp. Sitka Picea sitchensis Spurge flowering Euphorbia corollata leafy Euphorbia esula petty Euphorbia peplus ridgeseed Euphorbia glyptosperma spotted Euphorbia maculata sun Euphorbia helioscopia see also snow-on-the-mountain Spurry, corn Spergula arvensis St. Johnswort Hypericum perforatum spotted Hypericum punctatum Starthistle, yellow Centaurea solstitialis see also knapweed Sticktight, European Lappula echinata Strawberry Fragaria spp. Sumac Rhus spp. laurel ­ Rhus laurina littleleaf Rhus microphylla shining Rhus copallina skunkbush Rhus trilobata smooth Rhus glabra staghorn Rhus typhina sugar Rhus ovata Sumpweed, rough Iva ciliata see also marshelder, povertyweed Sunflower common Helianthus annuus false Heliopsis helianthoides prairie Helianthus petiolaris see also artichoke, blueweed Sweetclover, annual yellow Melilotus indica Sweet fern Comptonia peregrina Sweetgum Liquidambar styraciflua Swinecress Coronopus didymus Sycamore, American Platanus occidentalis

Tallowtree Sapium sebiferum Tamarisk, French Tamarix gallica see also saltcedar Tanoak Lithocarpus densiflorus scrub Lithocarpus densiflorus var. echinoides Tansy Tanacetum vulgare Tansyrnustard Descurainia pinnata see also flixweed Tarbush Flourensia cernua EM 441 9 - Page 60

Common Name Scientific Name

Tasaj illo Opuntia leptocaulis see also cholla, prick lypear Tea, Labrador Ledum groenlandicum Thimbleberry, western Rubus parviflorus Thistle ble ssed Cnicus benedictus blue Echium vulgare bull · Cirsium vulgare Canada Cirsium arvense Russian Salsola kali var . tenui f o lia Scotch Onopordum aca n thium yellow Cirsium horri du l um see a l so bullthistle , starthistle Tick clover, hoary Desmodium canadense Toadflax Da lmatian Linaria dalmatica oldfield Linaria canadensis yellow Linaria vulgari s Tobacco, tree Nic otiana glauca Tree-of-heaven Aila nthus altissima Tre foil, birdsfoot Lotus corniculat us Trumpetcreeper Campsis radicans Tulip tree Liriodendron tulipifera

Umbrellaplant, smallflower Cyperus difformis see also nutsedge

Velvetleaf Abutilon theophrasti Ve nus l ookingglass Specularia perfoliata Verbena ( see vervain) Ve rvain b l u e Verbena hastata h oar y Verbena stricta pros t rate Verbena bracteata tall Verbena bonariensis Ve t c h Vicia spp. bird Vicia cracca common Vicia sativa milk Astra galus spp. narrowlea f Vicia angustifolia Viburnum arrowwood Viburnum dentaturn swee t Viburnum lentago s ee also blackhaw Viole t Viola spp.

Wah oo, e a stern Euonymus atropurpureus Wait-a-minut e-bush Mimosa biuncifera Walnut Juglans spp. black Juglans nigra Waterhernlock , spotted Cicuta maculata EM 4419 - Page 61

Common Name Scientific Name

Waterhyacinth Eichornia crassipes Waterplantain, common Alisma triviale Waxmyrtle, southern Myrica cerifera Whitebrush Aloysia lycioides White thorn chaparral Ceanothus leucodermis mountain Ceanothus cordulatus Whitetop, · hairy Cardaria pubescens see also hoary cress Willow Salix spp. black Salix nigra ditchbank Salix interior peachleaf Salix amygdaloides Willow continued sandbar Salix exigua whiplash Salix caudata white Salix alba Witchweed Striga lutea Wolfberry Lycium trif oliolata Woodsorrel, yellow Oxalis stricta Wormwood absinth Artemisia absinthium annual Artemisia annua biennial Artemisia biennis see also mugwort

Yankeeweed Eupatorium compositifolium Yarrow common Achillea millefolium western Achillea lanulosa Yaupon Ilex vomitoria see also gallberry, holly Yerbasanta California Eriodictyon californicum narrowleaf Eroidictyon angustifolium Yucca Yucca spp. see also soapweed I !1