Sample test questions

INTEGRATED TEST EXAM “Krok 1” Stomatology

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Бiологiя 2

1. According to the law of constancy of A. Lambliasis chromosome numbers, most animal species B. Balantidiasis have definite and constant chromosome C. Amebiasis number. The mechanism that maintains this D. Trichomoniasis constancy during sexual reproduction of E. Toxoplasmosis organisms is called: 6. Biochemical analysis of amino acid A. Meiosis contents of freshly synthesized polypeptides B. Schizogony shows that in the process of their translation C. Amitosis the first amino acid in each of these proteins D. Regeneration will be the same. Name this amino acid: E. - A. Methionine 2. In human population some people B. Serine throughout their life develop not two but C. Histidine three dentitions. It is the manifestation of the D. Phenylalanine following law: E. Isoleucine A. Biogenetic law (recapitulation theory) 7. The height of a person is controlled by B. Independent assortment several non-allelic dominant genes. If the C. Hardy-Weinberg principle number of this genes is increased, the height D. Homologous series of genetic variation of a person increases as well. What type of E. Embryonic induction interaction occurs between these genes? 3. Microscopy of a sputum sample obtained A. Polymery from a patient who has been suffering from B. Pleiotropy pneumonia for a week detected helminth C. Epistasis larvae. Eosinophilia is observed in the D. Codominance patient’s blood. What diagnosis can be E. Complementarity suspected in this case? 8. Mother of a 2-year-old child with delayed A. Ascariasis physical and mental development has B. Paragonimiasis made an appointment with the genetic C. Fasciolasis consultation. What method allows the doctor D. Taeniasis to rule out chromosomal abnormalities? E. Echinococcosis A. Cytogenetic 4. During their expedition to the Middle B. Biochemical East, the students found a 7-centimeter-long C. Genealogical arthropod. Its body consists of cephalothorax D. Cytological with 4 pairs of ambulatory legs and E. Population statistics segmented abdomen with two venom glands in its last segment. The gland openings are 9. During a class in molecular biology, located on the tip of the hook-shaped sting. the mutations resulting in production of The animal was identified as a nocturnal abnormal hemoglobin are being studied. predator, its venom is dangerous for humans. What amino acid substitution occurs when It belongs to the following order: S-hemoglobin is being produced, resulting in the development of sickle-cell anemia? A. Scorpiones B. Aranei A. Glutamic acid is substituted with valine C. Acarina B. Threonine is substituted with lysine D. Solpugae C. Lysine is substituted with glutamine E. Aphaniptera D. Histidine is substituted with arginine E. Glycine is substituted with asparagine 5. Mother with a 12-year-old child came to the gastroenterologist. She complains of 10. People of various nationalities, who live loss of appetite and meteorism in her child. in the Arctic climate, develop a number Endoscopically the child was diagnosed with of features to adapt to their environment. biliary dyskinesia, in the duodenal contents Representatives of the Arctic adaptive type there were pear-shaped protozoa with two compared to the natives of the Central Africa nuclei and multiple flagella. What disease is have the following characteristic feature: the most likely in this child? A. Increased layer of subcutaneous fat B. Hyperhidrosis C. Lower need for fat intake D. Lean stature E. Elongated legs and shorter arms Бiологiя 3

11. Fetal malformations can be caused by the Far East countries, was hospitalized such maternal diseases as rubella, syphilis, into the therapeutics unit with suspected toxoplasmosis, cytomegaly, herpes, and pneumonia. Examination of his sputum and chlamydiosis. These malformations belong feces detected there lung fluke eggs. What to the following type of variability: food products are the most likely cause of lung fluke infestation? A. Modification B. Mutational A. Insufficiently thermally processed C. Combinative freshwater crabs D. Genomic imprinting B. Insufficiently thermally processed beef E. Epimutational C. Insufficiently thermally processed eggs D. Insufficiently thermally processed pork 12. A tourist, who had been to one of E. Raw fruits and vegetables Нормальна анатомiя 4

1. A man complains of varicose veins on A. Trigeminal his left leg. Venous nodes are located on B. Hypoglossal the posterior surface of the shin and on the C. Phrenic posterior and anterior surfaces of the thigh. D. Vagus What superficial leg veins are damaged in E. Chorda tympani this patient? 7. A 42-year-old man with an incised wound A. Great saphenous vein, small saphenous on the lower anterior surface of his shoulder vein came to the medical station. Objectively he B. Small saphenous vein, deep femoral vein presents with impaired forearm flexion. What C. Popliteal vein, superficial saphenous vein muscles are likely to be damaged in this D. Femoral vein, great saphenous vein, small patient? saphenous vein E. Posterior tibial vein, great saphenous vein A. M. brachialis, m. biceps brachii B. M. biceps brachii, m. anconeus 2. A patient presents with aspermia. What C. M. coracobrachialis, m. supraspinatus organ is functionally disturbed? D. M. deltoideus, m. infraspinatus E. M. deltoideus, m. biceps brachii A. Testicle B. Seminal vesicles 8. During surgery on the , the C. Epididymis surgeon has cut the left gastric artery and D. Prostate ligated it. However the opposite end of the E. - cut artery continued to bleed. What artery anastomoses with the left gastric artery? 3. A 10-day-old child has undergone a surgery to repair cleft upper lip (”hare- A. Right gastric artery lip”). Cleft upper lip has resulted from the B. Splenic artery following in this case: C. Right gastroepiploic artery D. Left gastroepiploic artery A. Nonclosure of frontal and maxillary E. Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery processes of the first pharyngeal arch B. Nonclosure of palatine tori of maxillary 9. A woman has undergone a surgery for processes of the first pharyngeal arch femoral hernia. In this case the hernial C. Nonclosure of the second pharyngeal arch protrusion is projected into the: D. Nonclosure of the third pharyngeal arch A. Femoral triangle E. Nonclosure of maxillary and mandibular B. Inguinal region processes of the first pharyngeal arch C. Pubic region 4. After facial trauma the patient developed D. Gluteal region a buccal hematoma. What salivatory gland E. - has its outflow blocked by the hematoma? 10. A patient of tall stature with drooping A. Parotid lower lip, big nose, and large extremities B. Sublingual has made an appointment with the doctor. C. Submandibular What gland is likely to present with excessive D. Lingual secretioninthispatient? E. Buccal A. Anterior lobe of the pituitary gland 5. A patient complains of painful chewing, B. Parathyroid glands especially when his lower jaw moves forward C. Pineal gland and to the side. It indicates functional D. Thyroid gland disorder of the following muscles: E. - A. Lateral pterygoid muscles 11. During a surgery on the right side of the B. Medial pterygoid muscles neck, excursion of the right diaphragmatic C. Masseter muscles dome was disturbed. This disturbance D. Mylohyoid muscles occurred because of the damage to the E. Temporal muscles following nerve: 6. After a cold the patient developed A. Right phrenic nerve impaired perception of pain and thermal B. Left phrenic nerve stimuli in the front 2/3 of the tongue. What C. Right transverse cervical nerve nerve was damaged in this case? D. Left transverse cervical nerve E. Supraclavicular nerve 12. A trauma patient has a wound in the temporal region, with trickle of bright red blood streaming from it. What blood vessel Нормальна анатомiя 5 is damaged? petrous part of the temporal bone. The fracture line passes behind the internal A. A. temporalis superficialis auditory foramen. What canal of the B. A. facialis temporal bone was damaged? C. A. occipitalis D. A. auricularis posterior A. Facial canal E. A. maxillaris B. Ty m p a n i c c a n a l C. Carotid canal 13. On examination a woman was diagnosed D. Musculotubal canal with a retropharyngeal abscess. What E. Canaliculus of the chorda tympani cervical space should be accessed by the surgeon lancing this abscess? 19. A patient suffers from disturbed blood supply of the superior lateral surface of the A. Retrovisceral space cerebral hemispheres. What blood vessel is B. Interscalene space damaged? C. Prescalene space D. Suprasternal space A. Medial cerebral artery E. Previsceral space B. Anterior cerebral artery C. Posterior cerebral artery 14. Brain investigation by means of nuclear D. Anterior communicating artery magnetic resonance revealed the patient to E. Posterior communicating artery have a hematoma in the genu of the internal capsule. What pathway is damaged in this 20. Examination of a patient with disturbed case? process of saliva production in the parotid gland shows that the otic ganglion is likely to A. Tr. cortico-nuclearis be damaged. This ganglion is formed by the B. Tr. cortico-spinalis following nerve: C. Tr. cortico-fronto-pontinus D. Тr. cortico-thalamicus A. N. petrosus minor E. Tr. thalamo-corticalis B. N. petrosus major C. N. auricularis magnus 15. A patient was diagnosed with a damaged D. N. vagus intervertebral disk in the lumbar spine. What E. N. hypoglossus type of joint is it? 21. During oral cavity examination a dentist A. Synchondrosis noticed eruption of the permanent canines B. Syndesmosis in a child. The child grows and develops C. Symphisis normally. Determine the child’s age: D. Synostosis E. Diarthrosis A. 11-13 years B. 13-16 years 16. A patient complains of severe rhinitis and C. 6-7 years total loss of olfactory perception. Receptors D. 8-9 years of the olfactory analyzer are damaged in this E. 9-10 years patient. Where in the nasal cavity are these receptors located? 22. A tooth has been extracted. Its crown is chisel-shaped, wide, with narrow edge. The A. Superior nasal meatus root is cone-shaped and flattened from the B. Middle nasal meatus sides. What tooth was extracted? C. Inferior nasal meatus D. Common nasal meatus A. Upper incisor E. Choanae B. Upper premolar C. Lower incisor 17. A student uses percussion to determine D. Lower canine the cardiac border that projects on the E. Lower premolar anterior thoracic wall at the level of the third costal cartilage. What cardiac border is being 23. A man cannot lift his drooping lower jaw. determined? What muscles of the head DO NOT function properly in this case? A. Upper B. Lower A. Masseters C. Left B. Zygomaticus major D. Right C. Zygomaticus minor E. Apex D. Buccinators E. Superior auricular 18. A trauma patient has a fracture in the Гiстологiя 6

1. In the skin biopsy material in the A. Transitional epithelium epidermis there are cells with processes and B. Non-keratinized stratified epithelium dark brown granules in their cytoplasm. C. Non-stratified columnar epithelium Name these cells: D. Non-stratified cuboidal epithelium E. Keratinized stratified epithelium A. Melanocytes B. Intraepidermal macrophages 7. A connective tissue specimen stained C. Keratinocytes with hematoxylin-eosin shows isogenous D. Merkel cells cell groups surrounded with basophilic E. Lymphocytes intercellular substance. No fibrous structures are detected. What type of connective tissue 2. A smear specimen of human red is it? bone marrow shows, among myeloid cells and adipocytes, certain stellate cells with A. Hyaline cartilage tissue oxyphilic cytoplasm that are connected with B. Elastic cartilage tissue their cellular processes. Name these cells: C. Dense fibrous tissue D. Loose fibrous tissue A. Reticular cells E. Splenial bone tissue B. Fibroblasts C. Macrophages 8. A sample obtained from the patient’s D. Dendritic cells thyroid gland was processed with silver salts, E. Osteocytes which revealed large argyrophilic cells in the follicular walls. What hormone is being 3. A microslide shows a section of a bean- secreted by these cells? shaped organ with cortical and medullary substances. Its cortical substance contains A. Calcitonin separate spheric nodules 0.5-1 mm in B. Thyroxine diameter; its medullary substance consists C. Parathyrin of medullary cords. This histological section D. Aldosterone demonstrates the following organ: E. Adrenaline A. Lymph node 9. A histological specimen shows three B. Kidney neurons: pseudounipolar, bipolar, and C. Thymus multipolar. How many axons will each of D. Adrenal gland these cell have? E. Spleen A. One 4. Microslide of a cardiac tissue shows B. Tw o rectangular cells with central location of C. None the nucleus and well-developed myofibrils D. Many connected with Z-disks. These cells perform E. Three the following cardiac function: 10. A certain embryonic organ is being A. Contraction studied. In this organ the first blood B. Impulse conduction corpuscles that make up blood as a tissue C. Endocrine are being formed. Name this organ: D. Protective E. Regenerative A. Yo l k s a c B. Liver 5. A woman presents with edemas. In C. Thymus her urine there is a large amount of D. Spleen protein excreted. What nephron segment is E. Red bone marrow functionally disturbed in this case? 11. Fibrocartilaginous layer of trachea A. Renal corpuscle consists of C-shaped hyaline cartilage rings, B. Proximal convoluted tubule with their open ends facing posteriorly. What C. Distal convoluted tubule tissue connects these open ends? D. Descending limb of loop of Henle E. Ascending limb of loop of Henle A. Smooth muscular tissue B. Striated muscular tissue 6. A urine sample was taken via a catheter C. Loose fibrous connective tissue from the urinary bladder of a 17-year- D. Adipose connective tissue old young man. Microscopy of the urine E. Dense unformed connective tissue precipitate in this case can detect cells of the epithelium that lines the urinary bladder. 12. A histological specimen shows cells What epithelium is it? that form isogenous groups. There are glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and collagen fibers in the intercellular substance. What Гiстологiя 7 tissue is it? epithelium consisting of 20-25 cellular layers with squamous superficial cells. Name the A. Cartilaginous tissue organ from which this sample was obtained: B. Bone tissue C. Mucous tissue A. D. White adipose tissue B. Gastric fundus E. Brown adipose tissue C. D. 13. A patient with chronic hepatitis E. undergoes blood test for serum protein fractions. Total protein levels are low, 15. Histologic specimen of a tooth slice shows which indicates that in the hepatic cells a tissue consisting of intercellular substance the following organelles are functionally permeated with tubules, in which cellular disturbed: processes of odontoblasts are situated. What tissue is presented in this histologic A. Granular endoplasmic reticulum specimen? B. Golgi apparatus C. Mitochondria A. Dentin D. Lysosomes B. Enamel E. Cytoskeleton C. Pulp D. Cement 14. A histological specimen of mucous E. Periodontium tunic of a certain organ shows stratified Нормальна фiзiологiя 8

1. An experimental animal, a dog, A. ATP deficiency received a weak solution of hydrochloric acid B. Decreased blood levels of Ca++ through a tube inserted into the duodenum. C. Increased blood levels of lactic acid Primarily it will result in increased secretion D. Tropomyosin structural changes of the following hormone: E. Increased blood levels of K+ A. Secretin 7. Condition of a patient with thoracic trauma B. Gastrin deteriorates quickly: he develops increasing C. Histamine asphyxiation, facial pallor, tachycardia. What D. Cholecystokinin is the likely cause of these developments? E. Neurotensin A. Pneumothorax 2. An athlete before a sports contest presents B. Thoracic contusion with elevated blood pressure and heart rate. C. Rib fracture What part of the CNS induces these changes? D. Response to pain stimulus E. Fright A. Cerebral cortex B. Diencephalon 8. A man was submerged into the ice-cold C. Medulla oblongata water and soon died of abrupt exposure to D. Mesencephalon cold. In such cases an organism loses heat E. Hypothalamus most intensively by the way of: 3. A patient complains that even small A. Heat conduction traumas lead to persistent hemorrhages. B. Radiation Laboratory analysis shows disturbed blood C. Convection composition, namely a low count of the D. Heat conduction and radiation following blood corpuscles: E. - A. Platelets 9. In hot weather the bus passengers asked B. Erythrocytes to open the roof hatches. What way of heat C. Neutrophils transfer is activated in this situation? D. Lymphocytes E. Monocytes A. Convection B. Conduction 4. A 19-year-old young man has been C. Radiation examined in a nephrological hospital. D. Conduction and radiation Increased potassium content was detected in E. Sweat evaporation secondary urine of the patient. Such changes are the most likely to be caused by increased 10. People with diseases of internal organs secretion of the following hormone: often assume forced positions (e.g. with lower limbs flexed and pressed to the A. Aldosterone abdomen) due to the following reflex B. Oxytocin response: C. Adrenaline D. Glucagon A. Visceromotor E. Testosterone B. Motor-visceral C. Dermatovisceral 5. In an experiment a peripheral segment D. Viscerodermal of the sympathetic nerve that innervates the E. Viscero-visceral sublingual gland is being stimulated. In this case this gland will produce: 11. A 30-year-old woman has developed signs of virilism (body hair growth, balding A. A small amount of viscous saliva temples, disturbed menstrual cycle). This B. No saliva condition can be caused by hyperproduction C. A small amount of non-viscous saliva of the following hormone: D. A large amount of non-viscous saliva E. A large amount of viscous saliva A. Testosterone B. Estriol 6. An athlete overexerted himself during a C. Relaxin training and developed a muscle contracture. D. Oxytocin In such cases the muscle loses its flexibility E. Prolactin and gradually becomes rigid due to its inability to relax. What is the likely cause 12. A dentist has to spend much of his time of the contracture in this case? on his feet when working, which can result in a venous congestion in the legs and varicose veins. Leading mechanism of congestion in this case is the decrease of: Нормальна фiзiологiя 9

time had no water, which resulted in a severe A. Skeletal muscle contraction in the lower thirst. What indicator of blood homeostasis limbs was affected, leading to the development of B. Blood pressure gradient in the veins this sensation? C. Thoracic pump effect D. Cardiac residual pumping force A. Plasma osmotic pressure E. Diaphragmatic piston effect on the B. Plasma oncotic pressure abdominal organs C. Hematocrit D. Glucose level 13. A car accident victim presents with E. pH a spinal hematoma accompanied by retrosternal pain, tachycardia, and elevated 16. During a brain surgery stimulation of blood pressure. The patient’s condition the cerebral cortex resulted in tactile and results from the damage to the following thermal sensations in the patient. What gyrus segments of the spinal cord: was stimulated? A. Th1-Th5 A. Postcentral gyrus B. C6-C8 B. Cingulate convolution C. L1- L3 C. Parahippocampal gyrus D. S1-S3 D. Superior temporal gyrus E. - E. Precentral gyrus 14. In an experiment the vagus is being 17. Curariform drugs are used to immobilize stimulated, which results in increased the patient during a surgery. Their acetylcholine entry to the synaptic cleft, and mechanism of action is based on the that in turn results in the decresed heart rate blockade of: due to the following mechanism: A. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors of A. Hyperpolarization of cardiomyocyte skeletal muscles membrane B. Acetylcholine release into the synaptic B. Depolarization of cardiomyocyte cleft membrane C. Noradrenaline release into the synaptic C. Increase in AV nodal conduction velocity cleft D. Increase of action potential duration D. Conduction of excitation in the nerve E. Decrease of action potential duration fibers E. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors of 15. A person in a hot weather for a long smooth muscles Бiохiмiя 10

1. An ophthalmologist has detected of solid food. Laboratory analysis measured increased time of darkness adaptation in the Ca/P correlation in the enamel sample. patient’s eye. What vitamin deficiency can What value of Ca/P indicates increased cause this sign? demineralization? A. A A. 0.9 B. E B. 1.67 C. C C. 1.85 D. K D. 2.5 E. D E. 1.5 2. The patient exhausted by starvation 8. Labratswereusedtostudytheeffectof presents with intensification of the following a certain vitamin on the body. Deficiency process in the liver and kidneys: of this vitamin has resulted in a disturbed reproductive function and skeletal muscle A. Gluconeogenesis dystrophy. What vitamin is it? B. Urea synthesis C. Bilirubin synthesis A. E D. Hippuric acid synthesis B. B2 E. Uric acid synthesis C. A D. K 3. Various substances can be used as E. D anticoagulants. Among them there is a certain naturally derived polysaccharide. 9. In the patient’s blood there is a C-reactive Name this polysaccharide: protein that chemically can be classified as a glycoprotein. It indicates the following A. Heparin pathology: B. Hyaluronic acid C. Dermatan sulfate A. Rheumatism D. Chondroitin sulfate B. Leucopenia E. Dextran C. Thrombocytopenia D. Anemia 4. A patient presents with osteoporosis. E. Porphyria Hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia are observed in the patient’s blood. What is the 10. An 8-year-old child presents with cause of this condition? frequent severe subcutaneous hemorrhages. Prescription of Vicasol, synthetic analogue A. Increased parathormone secretion of vitamin K, had a positive effect. This B. Increased thyroxin secretion vitamin participates in gamma-carboxylation C. Inhibited parathormone secretion of glutamic acid in a certain blood-clotting D. Increased corticosteroid secretion protein. Name this protein: E. Inhibited corticosteroid secretion A. Prothrombin 5. A patient with pulmonary tuberculosis B. Fibrinogen is prescribed rifampicin that inhibits RNA- C. Hageman factor polymerase enzyme at the stage of initiation D. Rosenthal factor of the following process: E. Proconvertin A. Transcription 11. A child presents with hepatomegaly, B. Translation hypoglycemia, and convulsions that occur C. Replication predominantly during fasting or in stress- D. Termination inducing situations. The child is diagnosed E. Elongation with von Gierke disease (glycogen storage 6. The patient’s saliva has been tested for disease type I). What enzyme is affected by antibacterial activity. What saliva component the genetic defect that is the cause of this has antibacterial properties? disease? A. Lysozyme A. Glucose 6-phosphatase B. Amylase B. Amylo-1,6-glycosidase C. Ceruloplasmin C. Phosphoglucomutase D. Parotin D. Glycogen phosphorylase E. Cholesterol E. Glucokinase 7. A 35-year-old man has come to a 12. Formation of a large amount of dentist with complaints of decreased immunoglobulins with various antigen density of dental tissue and increased specificity from a small number of genes brittleness of his teeth during consumption occurs due to: Бiохiмiя 11

A. Hypertriacylglycerolemia A. Recombination B. Hypoglycemia B. Translocation C. Hyperglycemia C. Transcription D. Hypotriacylglycerolemia D. Deletion E. Hypochylomicronemia E. Replication 16. A patient with Cushing syndrome 13. Glucose synthesis from non-carbohydrate presents with persistent hyperglycemia and components is an important biochemical glucosuria. This patient is likely to have process. Gluconeogenesis from amino acids increased production and secretion of the occurs most actively if a diet is rich in following hormone: proteins. Which amino acid of those listed below is the most glucogenic? A. Cortisol B. Adrenaline A. Alanine C. Glucagon B. Leucine D. Thyroxine C. Isoleucine E. Aldosterone D. Valine E. Lysine 17. A 25-year-old young man complains of general weakness, rapid fatigability, 14. A 6-year-old girl exhibits marked signs irritability, reduced working ability, and of hemolytic anemia. Biochemical anlysis of bleeding gums. What vitamin deficiency is her erythrocytes shows deficiency of glucose the most likely cause of this condition? 6-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme. What metabolic process is disturbed in this patient A. Ascorbic acid and has leading role in the development of B. Riboflavin this pathology? C. Thiamine D. Retinol A. Pentose-phosphate pathway E. Folic acid B. Oxidative phosphorylation C. Tissue respiration 18. A 37-year-old woman presents with D. Anaerobic glycolysis fructosemia and fructosuria. Her blood E. Gluconeogenesis glucose is 2.1 mmol/L. She is diagnosed with fructose intolerance. What congenital 15. A patient was diagnosed with a genetic enzyme deficiency is the molecular basis of disorder leading to lipoprotein lipase this disease? deficiency. What finding will be characteristic of biochemical blood analysis in this case? A. Fructose 1-phosphate aldolase B. Hexokinase C. Phosphofructokinase D. Triose-phosphate isomerase E. Phosphoglucomutase Патологiчна фiзiологiя 12

1. A pregnant woman developed severe hyperlipidemia. What provisional diagnosis toxemia with exhausting recurrent vomiting can be made? throughout a day. By the end of the day she developed tetanic convulsions and A. Nephrotic syndrome dehydration. The described changes were B. Urolithiasis caused by the following type of acid-base C. Prostatitis imbalance: D. Pyelonephritis E. Cystitis A. Nongaseous excretory alkalosis B. Gaseous alkalosis 7. A patient on the 2nd day after a cardiac C. Gaseous acidosis infarction presents with acute decrease of D. Nongaseous metabolic acidosis systolic blood pressure down to 60 mm Hg E. Nongaseous excretory acidosis with tachycardia 140/min., dyspnea, loss of consciousness. What mechanism is essential 2. A 50-year-old man has been undergoing in the pathogenesis of shock developed in treatment for peptic ulcer disease of the this case? stomach. His digestion normalized, pain disappeared, and general mood improved. A. Decreased cardiac output However, several weeks later he again B. Increased myocardial excitability caused developed epigastric pain, heartburn, and by products of necrotic disintegration sour eructation. How can this clinical course C. Decreased circulating blood volume be characterized? D. Development of paroxysmal tachycardia E. Development of anaphylactic reaction to A. Relapse myocardial proteins B. Remission C. Terminal state 8. Lower limbs of a patient with varicose D. Prodromal stage veins were examined. The patient’s legs are E. Latent period cyanotic and pastose, skin temperature is low, single petechiae are observed. What 3. After a total gastric resection the patient disturbance of hemodynamics is it? developed severe B12-deficient anemia with disturbed hematopoiesis. Changed A. Venous hyperemia erythrocytes appeared in the patient’s blood. B. Compression ischemia One of the signs of this anemia is the C. Obstruction ischemia presence of the following in blood: D. Thromboembolism E. Arterial hyperemia A. Megalocytes B. Microcytes 9. After a mechanical injury a tourniquet C. Elliptocytes was applied to the patient’s arm to stop D. Normocytes the bleeding. Below the tourniquet the arm E. Anulocytes became pale and numb. This condition is caused by: 4. A patient with essential hypertension presents with circadian fluctuations in total A. Compression ischemia peripheral vascular resistance to blood flow. B. Venous congestion What vessels will be the most affected in this C. Obstruction ischemia case? D. Angiospastic ischemia E. Thrombosis A. Arterioles B. Aorta 10. A 36-year-old man traveled to the C. Capillaries mountains for a vacation (altitude of 2000 D. Arteriolovenular anastomoses meters above the sea level). He developed E. Vei n s increased respiration rate, tachycardia, and slight dizziness. Two days later these signs 5. On clinical examination a woman presents disappeared. This process is called: with excessive sweating, tachycardia, loss of weight, and tremor. What endocrine A. Adaptation pathology can cause these signs? B. Compensation C. Regeneration A. Hyperthyroidism D. Inhibition B. Hypothyroidism E. Proliferation C. Hypergonadism D. Hypogonadism 11. 30 minutes after the dental treatment E. Hypoaldosteronism the patient developed red itching spots on the face and oral mucosa. The patient was 6. A 49-year-old man presents with diagnosed with urticaria. What bioactive facial edema, significant proteinuria, substance with vasodilating and pruriginous hypoproteinemia, dysproteinemia, and Патологiчна фiзiологiя 13 effect is produced during this type of allergic 15. A 56-year-old man with a valvular defect reaction? complains of lower limb edemas that lately increased in frequency. Name the local A. Histamine pathogenetic factor of edema development B. Prostaglandin E2 in this case: C. Leukotriene B4 D. Interleukin-1 A. Increase of hydrodynamic blood pressure E. Bradykinin B. Increase of oncotic blood pressure C. Decrease of vessel wall permeability 12. A 16-year-old girl, who has been starving D. Decrease of hydrodynamic blood pressure herself for a long time to lose weight, E. Increase of interstitial pressure developed an edema. This phenomenon is mainly caused by: 16. A woman was diagnosed with peptic ulcer of the stomach. She has a long history A. Hypoproteinemia due to protein synthesis of rheumatoid arthritis. What drugs are the disturbance likely cause of this disease in the patient? B. Hypoglycemia due to glycogen synthesis disturbance A. Glucocorticoids C. Venous congestion and increased venous B. Antibiotics pressure C. H2 blockers D. Deceleration of glomerular filtration rate D. Antihistamines E. Decreased production of vasopressin in the E. Antihypertensive drugs hypothalamus 17. Due to an accident on board a nuclear 13. The doctor stated the absence of submarine, a soldier received a radiation respiration and cardiac activity in a traffic dose of 5 Gy. He complains of headache, accident victim. This condition lasts for 1 nausea, and vertigo. What changes in minute already. This clinical presentation leukocyte number can be observed in this corresponds with the following terminal soldier after the irradiation? state: A. Neutrophilic leukocytosis A. Clinical death B. Agranulocytosis B. Traumatic shock, erectile phase C. Eosinophilia C. Traumatic shock, torpid phase D. Lymphocytosis D. Preagony E. Leukopenia E. Agony 18. A patient was brought to the hospital with 14. A 50-year-old man, who has been a lacerated wound of the maxillofacial area. suffering from chronic hepatic failure for Profuse bleeding from the wound could not years, developed ascites. What is the main be stopped for a long time. What disturbance mechanism of development of this new of total blood volume will be observed within disorder in the patient? the first hour after the blood loss occurred? A. Increased pressure in the portal venous A. Normocythemic hypovolemia system B. Oligocythemic hypovolemia B. Decreased hepatic synthesis of albumins C. Polycythemic hypovolemia and globulins D. Hypervolemia C. Increased blood levels of low density and E. No disturbances in blood volume very low density lipoproteins D. Appearance of neurotoxic substances in blood E. Increased oncotic blood pressure Патологiчна анатомiя 14

1. After a collision of two cars, one of exudate is produced from the bronchial the drivers presents with a deformity in the lumen. What is the most likely diagnosis? middle third of the left shin. The driver feels extreme pain that exacerbates on attempts to A. Chronic diffuse obstructive emphysema move it. The ends of a broken bone protrude B. Chronic focal emphysema from the open wound, the bone is triangular C. Interstitial emphysema on section, movements cause the bleeding to D. Primary idiopathic emphysema intensify. What bone was damaged? E. Vicarious compensatory emphysema A. Tibia 6. Autopsy of a man with tuberculosis B. Fibula has revealed a 3x2 cm large cavity in the C. Femur superior lobe of the right lung. The cavity D. Patella was communicating with a bronchus, its wall E. Ta l u s was dense and consisted of three layers: the internal layer was pyogenic, the middle layer 2. A certain disease of infection-allergic or was made of tuberculous granulation tissue, unknown origin leads to bilateral diffuse or and the external one was made of connective focal non-suppurative inflammation of renal tissue. What is the most likely diagnosis? glomerular apparatus with characteristic renal and extrarenal signs. Name this disease: A. Fibrous cavernous tuberculosis B. Fibrous focal tuberculosis A. Glomerulonephritis C. Tuberculoma B. Pyelonephritis D. Acute focal tuberculosis C. Nephrolithiasis E. Acute cavernous tuberculosis D. Polycystic renal disease E. Nephrosclerosis 7. The dentist examines a pregnant woman. Thereare3roundlesionsupto1cmin 3. A patient presents with acute onset of diameter on her oral mucosa. The lesions the disease: high fever and enlarged painful appeared 3 days ago, they have white-gray spleen. On the 10th day since the onset surface and red margin. The dentist can make the patient developed a maculopapular the following diagnosis: rash on the abdomen. On the 21st day the patient died of peritonitis. Postmortem A. Aphthous stomatitis study of the body shows deep ulcers in B. Leukoplakia the area of necrotic aggregate lymphoid C. Catarrhal stomatitis follicles (Peyer’s patches) in the of the D. Necrotizing ulcerative stomatitis deceased. One of the ulcers is perforated E. Gangrenous stomatitis and diffuse fibrinopurulent peritonitis is observed. What disease can be suspected in 8. A 28-year-old patient presented with this case? elevated blood pressure, hematuria, and facial edemas. Despite the treatment, the A. Typhoid fever signs of renal failure were exacerbating. B. Dysentery 6 months later the patient died of C. Intestinal amebiasis uremia. Microscopy of the kidneys shows D. Cholera proliferation of nephrothelium in the E. Salmonellosis glomerular capsules and proliferation of podocytes that contributes to crescent 4. Autopsy of an 86-year-old woman, who formation. Sclerosis and hyalinosis of the suffered from cerebral atherosclerosis, shows glomeruli is observed. Make the diagnosis: atrophy of her cerebral cortex. Name this type of atrophy based on its cause: A. Subacute glomerulonephritis B. Acute pyelonephritis A. Insufficient blood supply C. Nephrotic syndrome B. Pressure-induced D. Chronic glomerulonephritis C. Caused by physico-chemical factors E. Acute glomerulonephritis D. Neurogenic E. Dysfunctional 9. Autopsy of a man, who died suddenly with signs of acutely disturbed cerebral 5. An autopsy of a 42-year-old man, who circulation, revealed aneurysm rupture of the suffered from chronic diffuse bronchitis medial cerebral artery and a round cavity 4 and died of cardiopulmonary failure, cm in diameter filled with blood in his frontal shows large hyperinflated lungs that cover lobe. Name this type of hemorrhage: mediastinum with their edges. The lungs do not deflate, are colored pale gray, crunch on section; lung surface does not straighten out when pressed with a finger, resulting in a permanent depression. Mucopurulent Патологiчна анатомiя 15

A. Hematoma A. Phlegmon B. Petechiae B. Abscess C. Hemorrhagic infiltration C. Carbuncle D. Contusion D. Furuncle E. - E. Actinomycosis 10. During teeth examination on the lateral 14. Oral examination revealed dark yellow surface of the first upper molar there was and brown spots and stripes on the labial detected a cone-shaped carious cavity with and lingual surfaces of the patent’s teeth; the base oriented toward the tooth surface more than the half of the dental surface is and the apex - toward the tooth center. affected; enamel and dentin are destroyed. Softened dentin is visible in the floor of the What diagnosis is the most likely? carious cavity. Make the diagnosis: A. Fluorosis A. Dentin caries B. Metastatic calcification B. Enamel caries C. Dental calculus C. Cement caries D. Cuneiform defect D. Tooth erosion E. Dystrophic calcification E. - 15. Mother of a 4-year-old child complains 11. A 23-year-old man developed a that the child developed elevated body perforation in his hard palate, a dense temperature, tenesmus, diarrhea, and formation with clear margins was detected abdominal pain attacks. The child attends in this area. After a surgery, microscopy of a preschool facility. Laboratory analysis the excised formation shows there a large detected mucus and blood admixtures in the focus of caseous necrosis surrounded with a child’s feces. Name the changes that occur in granulation tissue with endovasculitis and a the during dysentery: cellular infiltration consisting of lymphocytes and epithelioid cells with predominance of A. Colitis plasma cells. What is the most likely disease B. Gastritis in this case? C. Enterocolitis D. Enteritis A. Syphilis E. Gastroenteritis B. Tuberculosis C. Leprosy 16. During autopsy of the patient, who died D. Scleroma of cardiovascular failure, the patient’s right E. Sarcoma foot is darkly colored. The vessels of the patient’s thigh are partially obstructed by 12. A 53-year-old woman complains of grayish-red clots. On the vessel walls there painful swelling in her left parotid area. The are yellowish-gray spots and fibrous plaques, swelling appeared 5 days ago. Objectively some of which are of stony density. What the skin in this area is slightly hyperemic and clinicopathological type of atherosclerosis tender. Excretory duct of the salivary gland was complicated in the patient? produces a small amount of viscous turbid yellow-green liquid. Microscopy detects A. Atherosclerosis of lower extremities a diffuse infiltration of the gland with B. Cerebral atherosclerosis segmented neutrophils. Make the diagnosis: C. Atherosclerosis of aorta D. Vascular intestinal atherosclerosis A. Acute suppurative parotitis E. Renal atherosclerosis B. Epidemic parotitis C. Sjogren syndrome 17. A 35-year-old man had been suffering D. Glandular adenoma from bronchial asthma for a long time. E. Acute serous parotitis Eventually he developed a status asthmaticus that became lethal. Examination of 13. A 65-year-old man presents with acute section materials shows a bronchiolar mandibular osteomyelitis. 3 days after the spasm in the lungs. The bronchiolar walls disease onset he developed marked edema of show signs of cellular infiltration with skin and soft submandibular cervical tissues. predominance of eosinophilic leukocytes Microscopically there is a diffuse infiltration and lymphocytes, labrocytes with signs with neutrophils. What complication of the of degranulation are observed. What main disease occurred in the patient’s skin mechanism of hypersensitivity is the cause tissues? of these changes? Патологiчна анатомiя 16

A. Reaginic reaction the cavity consists of thin layer of softened B. Antibody-dependent dentin that separates the cavity from the C. Immune complex pulp. What is the most likely diagnosis? D. Cell-mediated cytotoxicity E. - A. Deep caries B. Median caries 18. Examination of a tooth shows that there C. Superficial caries is a large cavity in its crown. The floor of D. Pulpitis E. Periodontitis Мiкробiологiя 17

1. According to the data collected by infection, agents of which reproduce directly WHO researchers, every year approximately in the cells of immune system and destroy 250 millon malaria cases occur in the them. Specify the diseases, during which the world. This disease can be encountered described above occurs: predominantly in tropical and subtropical areas. The spread of this disease matches A. Infectious mononucleosis, AIDS the natural habitat of the following genus of B. Tuberculosis, mycobacteriosis mosquitoes: C. Poliomyelitis, viral hepatitis type A D. Dysentery, cholera A. Anopheles E. Q fever, typhus B. Culex C. Aedes 7. A sick child is suspected to have D. Mansonia tuberculosis and is referred for Mantoux test. E. Culiseta 24 hours later the place of allergen injection became swollen, hyperemic, and tender. What 2. A child was hospitalized with diagnosis of main components determine the development diphtheria. What should be given to this child of this reaction? for specific therapy? A. Mononuclear cells, T-lymphocytes, and A. Diphtheria antitoxin serum, antibiotics lymphokines B. Diphtheria anatoxin, antibiotics B. Granulocytes, T-lymphocytes, and IgG C. Codivac vaccine, sulfanilamides C. Plasma cells, T-lymphocytes, and D. Diphtheria vaccines: DPT, DT, diphtheria lymphokines vaccine D. B-lymphocytes and IgM E. Diphtheria bacteriophage E. Macrophages, B lymphocytes, and monocytes 3. A man complaining of nausea, liquid stool with mucus and blood streaks, high 8. A 3-year-old girl has rubella. Her 10- temperature, and weakness was hospitalized year-old sister was not infected, despite both into the infectious diseases department. The girls constantly remaining in contact. The doctor suspects dysentery. What method of pediatrician determined that the elder girl had laboratory diagnostics would be the most rubella 5 years ago. What type of immunity effective for confirmation of this diagnosis? does the elder sister have? A. Bacteriological analysis A. Natural active B. Serological analysis B. Natural passive C. Mycological analysis C. Artificial active D. Microscopy D. Artificial passive E. Protozoan analysis E. Innate 4. A person bitten by a stray dog came to the 9. During identification of pure culture of surgeon’s office. Wide lacerated wounds are microorganisms the most important part is localized on the patient’s face. What rabies- a serological identification that is conducted prevention aid should be provided to this by means of agglutination reaction. What person? components are necessary to conduct this reaction? A. Begin immunization with antirabic vaccine B. Prescribe combined vitamin therapy A. Unknown bacterial culture, specific C. Immediately administer DPT vaccine antibodies D. Hospitalize the patient and continue to B. Specific antigen, known antibody, bacteria monitor his condition C. Specific antigen, serum sample obtained E. Immediately administer normal gamma from the patient globulin D. Unknown antibodies, nonspecific antigen E. Thermoextract, specificserum 5. A bacteriological laboratory conducts the analysis of potable water quality. Microbial 10. During laboratory diagnostics of hepatitis number of the water sample is approximately C, it is necessary to detect the presence of 100. What microorganisms were accounted antibodies to hepatitis C virus in the patient’s forinthiscase? blood serum. What test should be conducted in this case? A. All bacteria that have grown on a nutrient medium A. Enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay B. Colibacilli (ELISA) C. Human and animal pathogenic bacteria B. Nucleic acid hybridization D. Opportunistic pathogenic bacteria C. Nucleic acid hybridization with signal E. Enteropathogenic bacteria and viruses amplification D. Ligase chain reaction 6. Often the cause of secondary E. DNA probe method immunodeficiency is organism exposure to an Фармакологiя 18

1. After a tooth extraction, the patient A. Glaucine hydrochloride developed acute heart failure. What drug B. Codeine phosphate should be prescribed in this case? C. Morphine hydrochloride D. Potassium iodide A. Strophanthin E. Althaea officinalis roots B. Digitoxin C. Соrdigitum 7. A patient with peptic ulcer disease of the D. Convallaria majalis tincture stomach is prescribed a drug that blocks E. Adonisid histamine H2 receptors. Select this drug from the list: 2. To treat ischemic heart disease, a patient was prescribed a beta-adrenergic blocking A. Famotidine agent. After a time he developed a cough and B. Bisacodyl bronchospasm. What drug can cause these C. Omeprazole side effects? D. Atropine sulfate E. Dithylin (Suxamethonium) A. Anaprilin (Propranolol) B. Talinolol 8. The patient is in the state of cardiogenic C. Atenolol shock, he needs to be given a non-glycoside D. Phenihidine (Nifedipine) cardiotonic drug. What will be the drug of E. Metoprolol choice in this case? 3. A child with signs of rickets has been A. Dobutamine prescribed a certain liposoluble vitamin drug B. Amrinone by the pediatrician and dentist. This drug C. Cordiamin (Nikethamide) affects the metabolism of phosphorus and D. Ethimizol calcium in the body and facilitates calcium E. Caffeine accumulation in bone tissue and dentin. If its content in the body is insufficient, a person 9. A certain drug with potent natriuretic develops disorders of ossification process, action is usually prescribed for dehydration dental structure, and occlusion. Name this therapy of cerebral and pulmonary edemas. drug: Name this drug: A. Ergocalciferol A. Furosemide B. Retinol acetate B. Spironolactone C. Tocopherol acetate C. Etacrynic acid D. Menadione (Vicasolum) D. Mannitol E. Thyroidin E. Theophylline 4. A patient with signs of anxiety, fear, 10. A patient with malignant tumor was uncertainty, and mental strain was prescribed prescribed a narcotic analgesic to relieve the diazepam. What mechanism of tranquilizing unbearable pain. What is the mechanism of action can be observed in this case? analgesic action of such drugs? A. Interaction with benzodiazepine receptors A. Activation of opiate receptors B. Interaction with adrenergic receptors B. Inhibition of cholinergic receptors C. Interaction with cholinergic receptors C. Activation of D2 dopamine receptors D. Interactionwithserotoninreceptors D. Inhibition of serotonin receptors E. Interaction with dopamine receptors E. Inhibition of histamine receptors 5. A patient with hypochromic anemia 11. A patient with streptococcal pneumonia was prescribed an iron-containing drug for was prescribed an antimicrobial agent that intravenous administration only. Name this disrupts microbial membranes. Name this drug: drug: A. Fercoven A. Benzylpenicillin sodium salt B. Mannitol B. Erythromycin C. Furosemide C. Azithromycin D. Etacrynic acid D. Doxycycline hydrochloride E. Gentamicin sulfate E. Dichlothiazide (Hydrochlorothiazide) 12. A 26-year-old woman presents with skin 6. A child presents with dry cough. What rashes and itching after eating citrus fruits. non-narcotic antitussive drug can relieve the PrescribeheradrugthatisanH1-histamine patient’s condition? receptor antagonist: Фармакологiя 19

A. Dimedrol (Diphenhydramine) 16. Prior to tooth extraction under a B. Acetylsalicylic acid local anesthesia, the patient was tested C. Menadione (Vicasolum) for novocaine allergy. The test result was D. Analgin (Metamizole) positive. What substance can be used to E. Paracetamol administer anesthesia in this case? 13. A 30-year-old patient after a case of viral A. Lidocaine hepatitis type B has developed complaints B. Procainamide of continuous nasal hemorrhages. What drug C. Acetylsalicylic acid would be the most advisable for treatment of D. Analgin (Metamizole) this condition? E. Sodium valproate A. Menadione (Vicasolum) 17. To terminate a bronchial asthma attack B. Nadroparin calcium (Fraxiparine) that developed in the patient during the C. Folic acid tooth extraction, the patient was given D. Dipiridamol salbutamol. This drug belongs to the E. Asparcam following pharmacological group: 14. A patient with megaloblastic anemia was A. Beta-2-adrenergic agonists taking a water-soluble vitamin. Name this B. Muscarinic agonists substance: C. Narcotic analgesics D. Adaptogens A. Cyanocobalamin E. Analeptics B. Thiamine chloride C. Tocopherol acetate 18. A doctor has made a diagnosis of D. Ascorbic acid gingivitis and recommended the patient to E. Pyridoxine rinse the oral cavity with an oxidizing agent. Specify this agent: 15. Complex therapy of a patient with bronchopneumonia accompanied A. Hydrogen peroxide by exhausting dry cough includes a B. Boric acid certain mucolytic agent that depolymerizes C. Salicylic acid mucoproteins. Name this drug: D. Phenol E. Brilliant green A. Acetylcysteine B. Codeine C. Strophanthin D. Neodicoumarin E. Atenolol