Bolivians of Today

H I S PA N I C N O TE S M O N OG RAPH S

ESSA Y S S T UD ES A N D B E F , I , RI BIOGR A PHIES ISSUE D BY T H E H ISPA N IC S OCIET Y O F A M ERICA

E n t ran ce t o the Museum of the

H ispani c Society of America E D I TE D B Y

WI L LI AM B E LM O N T PARKE R

m men a rres Me m b . The H x s a c S ocx et A c Co . of p y of " Ed i to r A r enti nes To - D a y Chi n ns To -D a of g of , a of y , “ " " C u b ns To - D zr P r u ns To - Da a of y , a ag a ya of y , " Peru w ans To -D a y ru u ns To - D a v of , U g a ya of

Seco nd Ed i t i on

Revi sed and E nl arg ed

The H i spanic S ociety o f America LO N DO N N E WY O RK

1 922 P R I N T E D

S HWA K E S P E A R E H E A D P RE S S

‘ — - S B R TAJ JF O R D U sP O N A V O N F O R E WO R D

FORE WORD

Bou v s O F TO - DAY forms the third volume in the series planned by The His pani c Society o f America to introduce to E ngl is h readers the representative living

' men o f I I ispanic America . This small book contains brief biog ra phies of six score of the more notable persons of Bolivia . It is not to be supposed that i su ch a list is exhaustive or complete ; that would be impossible , even if desirable , but it is believed that those whose lives are here contained are worthily representative of their country . They include both men and women; they are drawn from all parts o f the country and from all walks of life ; they embrace Artists , Authors , Churchmen , Di l om at s p , Engineers , Explorers , Journalists , L Oﬁi cial s awyers , Merchants , Poets , Public ,

and . Soldiers , Teachers The records of the striking ﬁgu res— the — o i statesmen , soldiers , and popular leaders

H I S P A N I C N O T E S B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y necessity chronicle also the historical events of of the recent past , just as the annals the less conspicuous ﬁgures reﬂect the general ’ f ~ course o their country s history . Exhibit ing the background and scenery upon which the drama is enacted—“ the vast extent of of u nd evel the country , with its stretches

Oped , unexplored and almost unknown ter rit or of y , and the great mass Indian population , they reveal also the you thful of vigor , energy , and optimism the Bolivian people . Within the limitations of space imposed by the conditions of the task , the editor has striven to produce biographies which should be neither bald summaries nor mere ou t “ " t o lines , but genuine , miniature lives , and convey some of the ﬂavour and quality of personality . The obligations which the editor has in in his curred task are many , and these he gratefully acknowledges . He pays his sin cere thanks f or counsel and gu idance t o Senores Manuel Vicente Ballivian and Al fredo Jauregu i Rosqu ell as : for valuable aid

. E . and cooperation to Dr and Mrs . Sturgis

H I S P A N I C N O T E S F O R E WO R D

L n . eavitt , Se or Saturnino Rodrigo and Mr

I l a ro ld . K Coulson , and for both counsel and cooperation alike to Senor Eduardo re Diez de Medina . He takes pleasure in cording also his obligations to the represen t a t ives o f La of the press Paz , whose cour his tesy and consideration made task lighter , as likewise to the whole company o f the subjects o f the biographies for their indis pensable collaboration . So agreeable and i kind l y , in fact , was the social atmosphere as t o make him regret those circumstances , in which the altitude of the capital played a large part , that prevented him from remain ing long enough to pu blish the book in the country of its origin .

\V . B . P .

S 1 r z . antiago de Chile , February 4 , o o

In this second edition several new bio graphies have been added , the book has been revised throughout , and new illustra tions have been provided . The opportun

A N I) M O N O G R A P I I S y I I I B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

ity has been taken t o re- arrange the original i n matter alphabetical order , an arrange tions under whi ch ~t he ﬁ rst e dition was pro m d u ced in Santiag o de Chile . It ay b e a well , therefore , to remind the reader th t it

‘ is usual in Spani sh t o give the family names of both father and mother , and in the case of h married women , both t eir maiden names f b ' n o . i and those their hus ands Thus , for ’ n L e s n of stance , ] osé Mu oz op z the o Ramon n L - be Mu oz and Sara opez , would found “ " his under M , while mother would have been called Sara Lopez de Munoz and woul d appear under “ L "

L OND ON M arch

H I S P A N I C N O T E -S T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S

B i ographi es ma rked wi th a s ta r

i ll u stra ted .

H E T PRESIDENT o r T H E REP UBLIC . J O SE AGUIRRE AC H A ABEL ALARCON SEVER O FERNANDEZ ALONSO DAVID ALV ESTE G UI GUILLERM O ANEZ R ODRIG UEZ J O SE ANTEZANA ATI LI A N O A p ARI CI o

E A RA M A Y O MANUEL . MAN UEL MARIA ORTI Z ARA M AY O NICAN OR ARAN ZA E S O ARAoz MARI C . ALCIDES ARGUEDAS MARIAN O BENJAMIN AR RUE 'I A ALFRED O AscARRUN z M O ISES ASCARRUNZ

PASTOR B A LD I V I E S O MANUEL VI CENTE B ALLIVIAN RA FAEL BALLI V IAN R O C HA CLAUDI O QUINTIN B ARRI O S O B E D RE J UAN FRANCISC G AL .

A N D M O N O G R A P H S B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

PAGE TEOD O MIR O B ELTRAN

DANIEL S . BUSTAMANTE RICARD O B USTAMANTE

J O SE I G N A CI o CALDERON O E L O J S . CALDER N CARLO S CALvo J O SE MARIA CAM A CH o ANIBAL CARRILES E RNESTO CAREAGA LANZA B E N I GN o CARRA s co J O SE CARRA s co AR MAND O CH I RV E CH E S ARR OSP IDE AvE LI N o CORD QV A VARGAS NESTO R CUETO VIDAURRE

GUTI ERREZ DAR I o ’ ’ AMABLE O CO NN OR D ARLACH ’ ’ TO MAS O CONN OR D ARLACH ALBERTO DI’ EZ DE MEDINA E DUARD O DI E z DE MEDINA FEDERICO Di E z DE MEDINA

E O I SAAC G . DUARD E MANUEL A . LIAS TO MAS MANUEL E LI o

H I S P A N I C N O T E S T A B L E o r C O N T E N T S

'J OSE MARI A E SCALIER LUIS E S PIN O ZA vSARAVIA P E S PRE LLE J . FELI E H ERCI LIA FERNANDEZ DE M UGIA E N P I QUE FINOT

A RE I l U L O GAMARRA G . BENEDICTO GO YTIA J O SE E DUARDO GUERRA ALBERTO GUTI ERREZ CARLO S GUTI ERREZ NESTOR GUTI ERRE z J O SE GUTI ERREZ GUERRA ALCIBIADES GUZMAN

ABEL I T L' RRA LD E AGUSTIN I TURRI CHA

FRE v RAUL JAI MES RE . RICARDO JA I MES FREYRE ALFREDO JAURE G L’ I ROS QUE LLA S MANUEL OT B ON J O FRE

LUIS LAV AD E N Z

OCT AVI O LIM P IAS S . J O SE MARIA LI NARES

A N D M O N O G R A P H S P A G E O LO GUI LLERM C . AIZA ARTUR O LOA Y ZA

J O SE SANTO S MA CHI CAD O

MANUEL B . MARIACA JAIME MEND O ZA ARTUR O M O LIN O CA MPER O ISMAEL M ONTES NESTO R M ORALES VI LLAZON RICARDO M UJIA E N ANDR S S . MU O Z H UMBERTO MUNO Z CORNEJO

ARTUR O OB LI TA S MANUEL ORDONEZ LOPEZ

ZEN ON C . ORIAS Gu sTA vo AD O LFO OTER O

E v J O S PALMA V . MANUEL RIG O BERTO PAREDES

— I M ON NO . S I . PATI LUIS PA Z CLAUDI O PENARANDA E MMA PEREZ DE CARVAJAL CLAUDI O PINILLA MACARI O PINI LLA

H I S P A N I C N O T E S T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S

ARTUR O POS N A N S R' v FERMIN PRUDENCI O

J OSE S . QUINTER O S

AUGUSTIN DE RADA GR EG ORI O REY NO LDS ALFREDO RIC HTER RI V E R N RENATO A . I E LI sA RO C H A DE BALLIVI AN CASTO R OJAS BELI SARI O DIEZ RO MER O

ABDON SA A VEDRA BAUTI STA SAAVEDRA E LIAS SAGARNA G A ANTONI O J O SE DE SAIN Z DANIEL S A L A MANCA AN G E L SALAS PLACI DO SANC H EZ CLAUDI O S A N C I N ES TELLERIA J ULI O SAN JI N E Z M O ISES S A NTI V ANEZ S A-UL SERRATE LUIS SE RRL’ D O V ARC A S

‘ A N D M O N O G R A P H S B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

H ERNANDO SI LES J O SE MARIA SUAREZ PEDR O SUAREZ

RAFAEL TA B O RCA FRANZ TAMAY O J O SE LUIS TEJADA LEO CADI O TR IG O AD OLFO TR I G O AC H A SARA UGARTE DE SALAMANCA ATANASI O DE URI O STE CLODO VEO UR I O STE J O SE MACED ONI O U R QUIDI FABIAN VACA CH AVEZ ISMAEL VA SQUEZ E NRI QUE VELASCO GA LV A RRO RO SENDO VI LLALOB O S E LI OD OR O VILLAZON O G CARL S M . D E VILLE AS

J OSE VICTOR Z ACON E TA J UAN MARIA Z A L LE S Z LUIS A LLE S C. JULI O ZAMORA ADELA ZAMUDI O

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

A G U I R R E A C H A

JosE AGU IR RE Aa

i n i t S oldi er; pu bl c ma ; wr er .

O E I HA i J S AGU RRE AC , son of the Boliv an writer Nataniel Agu irre and Margarita

a was - Ach , born on the twenty fourth of 1 8 in o March , 7 7 , C chabamba and there re ceived his educa tion in the University of San Simon by which he was awarded the w degree of Bachelor of La . Like many another young m an of his i oo in t me , he t k an active interest the revol u ti onary movement of 1 898 and fought ﬁrst as Ai de- de - Camp to General Camacho and then wi th the s ame rank under the Com

- - in l . His mander Chief, Genera Pando ser vices in this struggle won for him the rank of Maj or and at its close he received a gold a medal for v liant services . The campaign of Acre also saw him an active participant and he was again distinguished by a silver

H I S P A N I C N O T E S B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y medal and promotion t o the rank of Li eu t en

- ant Colonel . He married Aida Gainsborg and has three children . Colonel Aguirre Achahas held many gov rnm ent positions of trust both in Bolivia and abroad : Assistant Secretary of Coloni

z at ion of , Administrator Customs in Oruro; Inspector of Customs in the N orth - East; Governor of Puerto Acre; Secretary of the Administration of Public Works ; Member of the Bolivian - Argentine Boundary Com mission ; Consul General ih San Francisco; Consul General in New York ; First Secre tary of Legation in Washington ; Chargé ’ f of d a faires in Argentine ; Governor Potosi , and Diplomatic Agent of P ropaganda in his Chile . Upon terminating successful service as Governor of Potosi he was pre

- sented with a gold medal set with diamond s . He is the author of La li ra y la m m and

I a ca i ta l di s u tada one p p , act plays present ed on several occasions with considerable

‘ De l os A ndes a l success , but not published ;

A maz onas La PM 1 0 2 , , 9 , dealing with his ’ the P oes as experiences in Acre campaign ; i , La PM 1 1 2 E l e u i li bri o a meri cano , 9 and q ,

H I S P A N I C N O T E S A G U I R R E A C H A

La 1 1 Paz , 9 3 , treating the vexed problem of u t of the Paciﬁc , the q es ion Tacna and Arica , as well as many reports and political pam phl et s on a variety of subj ects .

A N D M O N O G R A P H S

A L A R C O N

AB E L ALARCON

r P u bl i c man; w i ter .

B O son . n A EL ALARC N , the of J Be edicto

Alarcon , Dean of the Superior Court of Jus La tice of Paz , and of Clementina de la Peha , was o on 1 88 1 b rn the tenth of October , , in hi La Paz . He received his education in s n native city , attending the Semi ario and the Uni versity of San Andrés and qualifying for 1 8 8 the degrees of Bachelor of Arts in 9 , Bachelor of La w and Politi cal Science in 1 00 Licenciat e I n Law 9 , and Political Sci

in 0 2 ence 1 9 and D octor of Laws in 1 903 . His public career began in 1 903 as editor i w of the proceed ngs of the Senate . He as D irector of the Public Library of La PM from 1 904 until 1 906 when he was appoint ed Director of the Archives in the Depart two ment of Foreign Relations , and after years of service in that ca pacity was promo

H I S P A N I C N O T E S “ B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

ted to be Head of the Consular Section , a post which he held until the end of 1 9 1 3 . He was Secretary General of the University of San 1 1 6 Andrés from June , 9 , until August , 1 1 be 9 7 , when he resigned this position to come Assist ant Secretary of Public I nst ru c fﬁ d tion , an o ce which he holds to ay Mal u schk a He married Antonia , a gradu of of ate the Vienna Conservatory Music , who is at the present time in charge of the

Bolivian Conservatory of Music . Abel Alarcon holds a notable place among t a of Bolivian wri ers , as the uthor the follow

: P a z l as cabell eras La ing works p y , Paz ,

1 0 De t l l ti erra d e mi a l ma La 9 4; i y , Paz ,

1 06 E l i m eri o d el sol 9 ; p , Santiago de Chile , ’ 1 0 E n la corte d e Yali y ar- H u aca c 9 9; and , f 1 1 6 . o Valparaiso , 9 His translation Tag ’ Gi ta n al t La 1 1 6 ore s y , printed in Paz in 9 , was reproduced in Volu me IV of the Cer

l . 1 1 6 vantes Col ection , Madrid In 9 he pub lished in the Revu e l z i spa niqu e of New York one of the few Sketches of Bolivian literature h 1 1 which ave been written , and in 9 9 he f Rel i La Paz . o published in a volume verse ,

eari o . , which was favourably received

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

won profession , in which he marked success both in a monetary sense and in the esteem

so on of the academic world , that he was several occasions appointed t o professorial

chairs in the University . He also contri of buted freely to the press Southern Bolivia , on and , his entry into political life , ﬁlled of many posts honour , including those of Secretary to the Governor of Potosi and Member of the Constituent Assembly of

1 88 0 . In 1 888 he was appointed Minister of War in the Cabinet of President Arce , and

1 8 2 was - in 9 elected First Vice President , serving also at the same time in President

‘ ’ f r Baptista s Cabinet as Minister o Wa . in 1 8 6 Finally , 9 , he was elected President in a very close election and by a narrow margin L over the iberal candidate , Colonel José

Manu el Pando . President Fernandez Alonso had always been associated with Southern Bolivia,and in his administration the sectional rivalry between the North and the South came to a head in the attempt of the Southern faction to change the seat of government from La of PM to Sucre . Taking advantage the

H I S P A N I C N O T E S A L O N S O

mil d and yielding character of the chief exe cu tive , this faction pushed forward their

ambitious proj ect and , with the aid of other

minor factions , succeeded in passing a law transferring the seat of government to Suc l re . The action could on y result in arousing so i hostility . In fact it brought on the

l o f 1 8 8 . ca led Revolution , or Civil War . 9 The Northern forces were promptly or ani z ed g , several regiments were raised and placed under the command of Colonel so hi s s Pando , who ably used available mean of that , in spite the lack of regular troops , l he succeeded , in a very brief campaign , in defeating the forces supporting President i Al onso . Thereupon the President ﬂed to n A tofagasta and thence to Europe , where

he remained a number of years . He did I 1 0 not again appear in public life until 9 9 , when President Villazon appointed him Minister t o Peru and afterwards to Argen

tina . In 1 9 1 4 he was elected to the High Court

of Justice , but after a short term of service

he resigned . He is now living a retired life in Potosi .

A N D M O N O G R A P H S

A L V E S T E G U I

DAV TD ALV ESTE GUI

jou rna li st; p u bl i c ma n.

ALV ESTE G UI of a i DAVID , the son M x mo Al vést e u i L g and Trinidad aredo , was born 1 88 Cochabam on the thirtieth of May , 7 , in ba was in , and educated the schools of his native town and at the University of San ’

Simon , where he took his Bachelor s degree in 1 904 and was admitted to the Bar in 1 9 1 0 .

There also he taught , ﬁrst in the Bolivar was i school , where he nstructor in Geo

1 1 2 1 1 graphy from 9 to 9 4 , and later in the 1 1 University , where in 9 5 he presented the fourth year course in Law. In the year 1 9 1 6 he entered public life as Deputy for the provinces of Qu il l acol co and

Tapacari , bu t had not held his seat in the House very long before his politi cal act ivi ties led to his exile under the act of Decem

1 1 ber 5 , 9 7 , in consequence of which he

H I S P A N I C N O T E S B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

withdrew for a time to Arequipa , Peru . Seﬁ or Al vést egu i has won a conspicuous f place also among the j ournalists o Bolivia . He was editor of E l Repu bli cano of Cocha 1 1 1 1 edi bamba in 9 5 , and since 9 7 has been ’ f La tor o Raz on of La Paz . In 1 9 1 3 he published B olivi a y el P ara u a w g y , a book dealing ith international

qu estions .

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y for Deputy for the province of Velasco he rac was elected by a large majori ty . His p tical and progressive ideas again won him

1 1 was advancement in 9 5 , when he elected He Secretary of t he Chamber of Deputies .

u f 1 1 contin ed in that o ﬁce until 9 9 , and was

- ' then elected Vice President of the Chamber . In the same year he was appointed Mini ster of Public Instruction and Agricul ture . A N T E Z A N A

JOSE ANTE ZANA

a r rna i st bli an L wy e ; jou l : pu c m .

O E 1 8 J S ANTEZANA was born in 7 5 , in the ' i c ty of Cochabamba , where , in the Univer ' sit Sim é n y of San , he was educated and in f1 890 received the degree of Bachelor of i h Science and Letters . Thence eproceeded to Sucre to pursue the courses of the Faculty of Law in the University of San Francisco w w n Xavier , here he o his legal diploma in j1 89 5 ; in the following year he was appoint l ed Secretary to the Gove rnor of Oruro and in 1 89 7 served on the University Council ; in the year 1 899 he was appointed Professor of

Law 1 0 at the University , and from 9 5 to 1 0 9 7 , while still exercising his profession , he served as Judge of the District Court of

Oru ro . His public life begins with his election to

the Oru ro Municipality in 1 9 0 4 . There

' A N D M O N O G R A P H S after he entered the Chamber of Deputies as representative of Potosi for the period 1 9 1 0 1 1 I 9 4 , and n the latter year passed to the Upper House as Senator for the Depart ment . For the current term , which began

1 2 0 of in 9 , he again sits in the Senate , which body he is President . of DR . Antezana is a j ournalist wide ind e end range and ability and has , either p

or his ently in conj unction with associates , founded the following periodicals : E l I deal in Cochabamba E l V apor in Oruro E l Tribu no in Oruro La P ren sa in Oruro La Tarde in La and E l N orte in La Paz

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

\ t I lia no Aparicio A P A R I C I O

ATI LI ANO APARICIO

Law er rnal t y ; jou i st; sena or .

ATI LI AN O APARICI O was born in 1 8 7 1 in of Sucre , the ancient capital Bolivia , and was there educated in the Junin school . He gained his degree of Bachelor in 1 888 and thereafter studied law at the University of n San Fra cisco Xavier , where the degree of

was 1 0 Advocate conferred upon him in 9 1 . has He held many public ofﬁces , of which the ﬁ rst was that of member of the Munici pal Council of Oru ro to which he was elected in 1 900 and re- elected at successive periods 1 0 1 was until 1 9 1 1 . In 9 he appointed Dis t rict of 1 0 1 08 Judge Oruro; in 9 4 , in 9 , and again in 1 9 1 2 was elected Deputy for the of of Province Abarca , serving part this time as Vice - President of the Chamber; in 1 9 1 6 he was elected Senator for the De

art ment 1 1 6 - 2 2 p of Oruro for the term 9 .

A N D M O N O G R A P H S B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

Seﬁ or Aparicio has also played a part in the ﬁeld of j ournalism ; in 1 89 7 he founded La Ley in Oruro ; in 1 9 00 he founded in the same city E l V apor and later E l T ri bu no; meantime he has con tributed to La P rensa

f E l N rte o Oruro and o of La Paz . While he was editing La Ley in 1 89 7 — 8 his vigorous support o f the Liberal party and equally vigorous criticism of the government obl iged of i of him , on the outbreak the Revolut on 1 8 8 e 9 , to seek safety in exile , ﬁrst in Chil

r and later in Argentina , whence he eturned on the downfall of the Alonso government

a Le and continued to pu blish L y .

A A A R M Y O U E . , M A N L E

ARAMAY MANUE L E . O

- n bl i c ma M i ne ow er ; p u n.

ARA M AYO M01 MANUEL E . was born in 1 8 aga , Department of Potos , in the year 5 3 . La He received his education in Paz ,

Potosi , and Sucre , but in the uneasy times of 1 8 0 7 he laid aside his studies , j oined in de of fending the barricades Potosi , and was more than once wounded in the battle that there ensued . From hi s early youth he showed a mark ed bent towards mining and metallurgy . He applied himself to these subj ects with enthusiasm and ultimately became expert in w both . It as after considerable practical experience as manager of various mining r i ente pr ses that he discovered , in the dis tri ct of Esmoraca , valuable deposits of bis

1 8 0 muth , which from 9 onwards he success fully ex p loited till in 1 9 0 7 he sold his

A N D M O N O G R A P H S B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

interests to several foreign mining com ni e pa s . as In politics , in business , the part played by Seﬁ or Aram ay o has been a long and

1 0 n honourable one . Enrolled from 8 7 o L wards under the iberal banners , he was chosen in 1 899 a member of the Constituent Convention for Lipez and a fterwards De

1 1 2 puty for the Province of Porco . In 9 was I 1 1 he elected Deputy , and n 9 4 Senator f for the Province o Tupiza . Among the books which have had an in his Seﬁ or Arama o I fluence in life , y ncludes

Letters o Lord Chester eld to hi s S on the f ﬁ , and it is to ‘a diligent observance of the maxims of their author that he attributes much of his success both in politics and in

bu sm ess .

H I S P A N I C N O T E S A R A M A E Y O U . . , M A N L M O

MAN UE L MARIA ORTI Z ARAMAYO

a M an of aff i rs; p u bl i c man.

ARAM AY O son MANUEL MARIA ORTIZ , the o f José Mariano Aram ayo and Juana Man r Aram a o his uela O tiz y , received education

of La Pot osI and . in the schools Paz , , Sucre After holding the post of Mayor in several i admin strative districts , he entered the was 1 8 t o of army , promoted in 7 5 the rank a War of ﬁ C ptain , and in the the Paci c commanded the Fifth Division in the pro vinces of North and South Lipez . He was a member of the City Council of Tupiza 1 8 1 1 2 on from 95 to 9 , and several occasions wa 1 8 s president of that body . In 99 he was appointed Lieutenant - Governor of Tu piza and in the same year was sent as dele gate from Lipez to the important Conven 1 00 1 0 1 tion of O ruro . In 9 and 9 he was

A N D M O N O G R A P H S B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

for of 1 1 2 Deputy the province Porco , in 9

1 1 and 9 3 Deputy for Sou th Chichas , and

1 1 since 9 4 has been Senator for Potosi . From 1 90 7 to 1 9 1 8 he was Consul for Mexico in Tupiza , and since then has represented

Venezuela in the same capacity . In 1 90 2 he represented his government at the International Exposition in Saint A as on L U. S . ouis , he has served delegate several occasions tothe Departmental High way Board oi Industrial Protection in South Chichas; Honorary Member of the Farmers ’ and Stock - Raisers Association of South f e Chichas , and at di ferent times has be n

President the Board Public Charities .

H I S P A N I C N O T E S A R A N Z A E S

NICANOR ARANZAE S

P ri est; wri ter .

NICAN OR ARA N ZA E S was born on the tenth

1 8 La . of January , 49 , in Paz He was edu cat ed at the Ayacu cha National School and won the degrees of Bachelor of Letters in 1 86 i 1 8 2 Li 9 , Bachelor of Divin ty in 7 , and c cenciate in 1 8 7 3 . While completing his d u cat ion he taught in the Lyceum El Por venir . He was ordained to the priesthood in 1 8 was 7 5 , ﬁrst appointed assistant in the La Cathedral of Paz , and subsequently ﬁ as of ciated priest at Aygachi , at Chirca , and 1 a at Guaqui . In 885 he served s Chaplain r of the night school for labou ing men . In

1 886 he became parish priest at Achocalla , and in 1 895 was nominated E xaminer in the Theologi cal Faculty of the University of

La Paz .

A N D M O N O G R A P H S B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

Father Aranz aes has taken part in the of ol public life his time , both as an active p it ician and as a writer in the press as well as fﬁ of books . He a liated himself with the L of iberal party , was elected a member the

e 1 8 0 Executive Committ e , and in 9 was can did at e for Deputy for the second E lectoral

of . not district Pacaj es Though su ccessful , ' he ran again in 1 904 and was then elected

- substitute Deputy for the city of . La Paz . His writings have given him a wide repu t ation; he is known as a j ournalist for his

E l Comerci o d e B olivi a E l Comerci o work in ,

de l a Tarde V oz de P u ebl o and the , and still his more widely known for books , among ’ which are Di cci onari o hi stori co- bi og raﬁ co de La P az La 1 1 Las Revol u ci ones , Paz , 9 5 , and

de B olivi a 1 1 8 . , 9

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

1 1 1 1 1 2 9 Clerk of the Customs , and in 9 Chief Clerk in the Industrial Properties f O ﬁce . He was elected Depu ty for the Provm ce

Du rI n of Cliza in 1 9 1 4 . g his term of ofﬁ ce h e contributed largely to the passing of legis lation to provide drinking water for his his native province . At the close of term he was made Chi ef Clerk of the Senate

and the House .

' rivil e i os m arcas de abri ca La Paz 1 1 p g y f , , 9 8 .

A R G U E D A S

AL CIDE S ARGUE DAS

Wri ter; diplomat.

AL I son of ru ctu oso C DES AR GUEDAS , the F as was La Argued and Sabina Diaz , born in 1 hi s Paz in 87 9 . He received early edu ca tion in the Colegio Ayacucho in his native ﬁ city , and after nishing the course there U of n entered the niversity San A drés , from which he received the degree of Bachelor of 1 was a Arts and Sciences in 897 . H e d

1 0 mit t ed to the Bar in 9 3 . In 1 9 1 0 he was appointed Second Secre ar a L t y of the Bolivi n egation in Paris , and the following year promoted to the post of n First Secretary , bei g later transferred to a hi s similar position in London . Du ring E stay. in urope he contributed freely to the newspapers of Bolivia and was a welcome 5contributor to the Parisian magazine M na d a n i l directed by Ru be Dario .

A N D M O N O G R A P H S B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

In 1 9 1 5 he was director of Los Debates in La Paz and his forceful articles contributed

i i not a little t o moulding public op n on . In

1 1 6 for La 9 he was elected Depu ty Paz , and in 1 9 1 9 wa sdiplomatic agent of propa ganda in France and Spain . At the present time he is foreign correspondent t o La N a ' ci on of Buenos Aires . Alcides Arguedas has won fame at home '

and abroad by his books on Bolivian life . One of the first t o recognize the literary pos sibil it ies implicit in the racial and social of conditions his country , he has cultivated As this fi eld with marked success . a land owner and as an asso ciate of l andowners he has had the opportunity of studying condi tions at first hand and in his portrayal of customs he lacks neither courage nor frank

P i sa u a La 1 0 ness His ﬁrst work , g , Paz , 9 3 , v War of a histori cal no el with events of the ﬁ the Paci c , betrays an interest in his coun ’ try s affairs which was to develop later into

Wu ata Wa ara a close study of i ts customs .

’ V ida cri oll a d ealin and , g respectively with

country and city life , mark an important epoch in the literature of Bolivia . The pes

H I S P A N I C N O T E S A R G U E D A S

simism pervading these novels is again in

P u eblo en ermo dissec evidence in f , a cold

tion of Bolivian life , social , moral and

political . This sociological study , which aroused much comment both in Bolivia and

1 1 0 . abroad , went into its second edition in 9 ’ u Raz a de Arg edas s last and best novel , B ronce is based on certain events set forth in Wa ata Wa ara and evinces no departure from the pessimism characterizing his other works .

A N D M O N O G R A P H S

e c self has mainly directed , and whos han A A R R U N Z A L F R E D O S C ,

AL FRE DO ASCARRUNZ

P ubli c ma n.

L E O son of A FR D ASCARRUNZ , the Vicente r of Ascar unz , one time Senator the Repub

was in - lic , born Oruro on the twenty fourth

1 86 . of October , 7 He studied in the Bolivar in school Oruro , and after a brilliant career in the Seminary of La Paz was admi tted t o the Bar at the age of twenty . as as 1 886 His public career began early , when he acted as assistant in the Treasu ry a Department . Two years later he was p pointed attaché to the Bolivian Legation in

France and Spain . During hi s residence abroad he was made a member of the Com m ercial h and Geograp ical Society of Paris , the Society of Writers and Artists of Madrid and the Foreign Press Syndicate , having been proposed for the latter by E usebio

Blasco I baﬁez . On his way back to Bolivia

A N D M O N O G R A P H S B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y he spent some time in Buenos Ai res where he published several important articles in

La P rensa . In 1 886 he had j oined his brother Moisés in founding the daily newspaper E l I mpar ci al on re , and his return from Europe he on For sumed his work this paper . a short but brilliant period E l l mp arci al upheld the cause of Liberalism and when hi s associates

Zoilo Flores and Moisés Ascarrunz , were Al his i ts exiled , fredo continued at post , was only editor , until it suppressed by the authorities . In 1 898 he was elected to the City Council of La as one of Paz , served a member of the revolutionary committees , and held the post of head of the Section of Foreign Re l at ions . He was furthermore commission of t o ed , with the rank Captain , repress a n native uprisi g in Corocoro . When the

1 8 revolutionary cause triumphed in 99 , he was elected Deputy from Carangas to the

National Convention in Oruro , and later was made Assistant Secretary of Foreign was Relations . He afterwards appointed of L L on his Secretary egation in ima , and

H I S P A N I C N O T E S A R R N Z A L F R E D O A S C U ,

presentation in the Ateneo by Dr . Prado y Ugart eche was elected a member of that

society . After ﬁlling the post of Chi ef Clerk in the

Treasury Department he was appointed , in 1 0 9 3 , Governor of the Department of Oruro and became a member of the Peru - Bolivia

Boundary Commission . Elected Deputy

from Poopo , he was chosen President of the

1 0 6 1 0 1 1 1 was Chamber in 9 and 9 7 . In 9 he L in M inister of Justice and abour , the fol lowing year Secretary of the Treasury , and in 1 9 1 3 Minister of Foreign Relations and

1 1 hi i Worship . The year 9 4 saw m M nister t o Peru , and three years later he ﬁlled the C01 same post in Ecuador , Venezuela , and ombia . The j ournalistic career of Alfredo Asear runz is not conﬁned to hi s work on E l I m parci a l . He was the founder of E l Li bera l

1 8 0 i E l B orri co E l i in 9 , assisted in edit ng , M a o E l Gallo 1 0 1 0 g , and , and from 9 4 to 9 9 i was editor - in- chief of E l Conzerci o de B o li ri z a .

A N D M O N O G R A P H S

R U Z E A S C A R N , M O I S S

MOISES ASCARRU NZ

r m a t Wri te ; di plo .

M O IS ES ASCARRUNZ was born in Oru ro in

1 86 2 , the son of Vicente Ascarrunz and Ma t ilde Pelaez . After completing his early education in the Bolivar School in Oruro he entered the Seminary of La Paz and graduated with the His degree of Bachelor . education was farther extended by a trip to Europe , in the i i course of wh ch he visited France , Sw tzer m land , Ger any , Turkey , Spain , Belgium , and Holland . On his retu rn to Bolivia in 1 88 : he was | imm edi admitted to the Bar , and almost ately was called to Oruro to ﬁll the post of

Chi ef Clerk in the Treasury Department . Six months later he was promoted t o be Manager and he held thi s position over two 8 his e . 1 8 8 y ars In , with brother Alfredo

H I S P A N I C N O T, E S B O L I V I A N S O F T O — D A Y he founded in La Paz the independent daily

E l I m arci al paper p , which initiated a ﬁerce f campaign o opposition to the Government . Their persistent attacks ﬁnally aroused the of ire those in power , and during the govern ments of Arce and Baptista he su ffered the penalty of banishment . In 1 89 5 he was elected Deputy for Oruro and in the same year a member of the City

Council . He held the latter ofﬁce again in

1 0 2 9 , and during both periods distinguished himself by promoting public charities , espe

1 ciall y in connection with hospitals . In 89 7 he was appointed Minister to Spain . Dur ing the t wo years Spent in that country he became acquainted with many prominent e men of letters , among them , Valera , Men n

Gal dOs . dez y Pelayo , Echegaray , and He returned to j ournalism again in 1 90 1

of E l Comerci o. as editor the daily paper ,

I II 1 0 2 was f or La 9 he elected Deputy Paz ,

1 0 of in 9 4 Prefect Oruro , and Senator for

1 1 2 was a the same place in 1 9 1 0 . In 9 he p pointed Minister to Brazil and in 1 9 1 7 Mas ter of Ofﬁ cial Ceremony (I ntrodu ctor d e E m ba ad r s Di rec j o e ) . At the present time he is

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

B A L D I V I E S O

PASTOR BALDI V I E SO

S oldi er.

PASTO R B A LD I V I E S O was born in La Paz 1 1 86 1 . on the ninth of August , He received his early education in the schools of La Paz and later went to E urope to continue his

studies . His career as an army offi cer began on the 1 880 was fi first of July , , when he made rst

lieutenant . He rose rapidly in rank and L received promotion as follows ieutenant , u l 0 1 88 ; a 4 1 88 lJy 3 , 3 C ptain , February , 5 ; 2 1 88 L - Maj or , May 5 , 7 ; ieutenant Colonel ,

1 1 8 2 2 1 0 1 July 7 , 9 ; Colonel , December 3 , 9 ;

1 1 1 1 8 . and Brigadier General , October , 9 He has commanded the Abaroa Regiment of Cavalry; has represented North - East Bolivia as National Delegate; has been of Chief the General Staff , and at the pres is ent time Inspector General of the Army .

H I S P A N I C N O T E S He rendered valuable services in the Acre campaign in 1 90 0 and in recog nition of these services was awarded t -wO medals and a diploma . He has been honour

L of of egion Honour France .

B A L L I V I A N

MANUE L VICE NTE BALL IVI AN

A u tkor; edi tor; p u bl i c

I I A MANUEL VICENTE BALL V N , the son of Vicente de Ballivian y Rojas and Josefa was James , born in Arequipa , Peru , during the temporary exile of his family , on the

i 1 8 8 . u s xteenth of June , 4 He was ed cated largely by private teachers and chieﬂy in

Europe , where his family were travelling during much of hi s youth .

He entered the public service , in which he has passed the greater part of his life , as a member of the staff of the Bolivian Lega tion in Paris and was promoted to be Secre r 1 8 ta y of Legation . In 7 5 he became

Private Secretary to President Frias , when hi s zeal and aptitude for geographical studies led to his appointment as Delegate to the North - E astern Te rritory of Bolivi a

H I S P A N I C N O T E S B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

— in then almost unknown which , at risk of of disease and at cost great exertions , he of made many j ourneys exploration . So notable was his work in this ﬁeld that when of the Department Immigration , Statistics ,

. Seiior a wa etc , was founded , B allivi n s f placed in charge o it . In this ofﬁ ce his labours were prodigious . He now found full scope f or his talents as a publicist and for his enthusiasm as a patriot , occupying himself ceaselessly in travelling , speaking ,

i i wr t ng , and all forms of propaganda to make known the resources and possibilities

1 0 of Bolivia . In 9 4 he was appointed Min of ister Colonization and Agriculture , in which post he did not relax his efforts to S pread the knowledge of Bolivian geography , of history , and commerce; but at the end his term in 1 90 8 returned t o his earlier post and resumed his labour of propaganda . In 1 9 1 2 he was made Commissioner of Bolivia at the Panama - Pa ciﬁ c Exposition held at

San Francisco . of Seﬁ or i The attainments Balliv an , espe ciall ﬁ of y in the eld geography , have been has ecogniz ed at home and abroad . He

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

B A L L I V I A N R O C H A

RAFAE L BALLIVIAN ROCHA

A I A ROCII A RAFAEL B LLIV N , the son of l i a E Ramon Bal iv n and lisa Rocha , was born in La Paz in 1 89 7 . He received his education in his native city , pursuing courses in the i i Jesuit School of San Cal xto , from wh ch he received the degree of Bachelor of Arts and i Sciences in 1 9 1 4 . He then devoted h mself to the study of law in the University of San

Andrés in La Paz . He began his literary career with the pub lica t ion of verses and literary articles in the E l Di ari o in 1 1 daily paper , , and 9 4 joined a E l Fi aro the editorial st ff of g , a periodical a directed by Dr . Tom s Elio , in which most of the young intell ectuals of the country now writing ﬁ rst found an opening . In 1 9 1 6 he was one of the editors of the maga n La Lectu ra 1 1 8 ff zi e , and in 9 j oined the sta

A N D M O N O G R A P H S ‘

E l N orte . of the newspaper , In the same year he was appointed Chief Clerk of Customs in the Treasury Depart ment . He holds this post at the present

of A He is also Secretary the Fine rts Clu b , the only institut ion of its kind in Bolivi a La In Paz , as in several other South Ameri “ " ’ are can countries , Floralia celebrated herited from the medieval Spanish and Pro ven al 1 1 Seﬁ 'or c poetic jousts , and in 9 9 Bal livian won the ﬂower awarded as t he s econd

r n prize with p oem Reti o Aldea o . B A R R I O S

CLAU DIO QU INTI N BARRIOS

Lawy er; oﬁf ci al; tea cher .

CLAUDI O QUINTIN BARRI O S was born in

La Paz in 1 864 and was educated there . In 1 8 79 he received the degree o f Bachelor in Science and Letters and in 1 884 that of Advocate from the University of San And

rés . In the latter year he was appointed

- of of Judge instructor the province Sicasica , but resigned the post t o practise his proi es sion ; in 1 898 he was nominated Co - j udge of the District High Court , and in the same year Judge ; from 1 904 till 1 90 7 he repres ent ed the province of Loaiza in the Chamber of Deputies . In 1 9 1 0 he was an unsuccessful candidate ﬁ of 1 1 6 was for the of ce Deputy , and in 9

- elected substitute Deputy for La Paz .

- Dr . Barrios served as su b secretary to the

A N D M O N O G R A P H S I I I B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

Government during the Federal Revolution , and besides others of minor importance has held posts in the Minist rvof Pu blic I nst ru c of tion , has been clerk to the Chamber De u t ies f p , and Chief Clerk in the Ministry o

Finance and Industry . A notable fact in his his of life is impeachment , in the Senate ,

- his ex president Daza and ministry . At present he is professor in t he Faculty w of La .

For the greater part of his life he has been t o a frequent contributor the press , and has published a nu mber of works on legal

Di cci onari o de l a matters , among them a ’ consti tu ci on oli ti ca del estado A ntece p , and ’ d entes parl a m entari os d e l a revol u ci onfederal

H I S P A N I C N O T E S B E D R E G A L

J UAN FRANCISCO BE DRE GAL

Tea cher; wri ter .

J UAN FRANCISCO B E D RE G A L wa born in

L 1 a on 88 . Paz the second of April , 3 He received his education in the Jesu it College of La re and in the Seminario Paz , later ceivin of of g the degrees Bachelor Arts , Licenciat e Law of and Social Sciences , and

in 1 0 9 4 Doctor of Laws . While still a student he was elected Pre sid ent of the University League and held ﬁ for that of ce three successive years . Since 1 90 9 he has given courses in literature in the American Institute ; in 1 9 1 0 he was

“ Professor of Criminal Law and Ju rispru d ence in the University of San And res; in 1 9 1 2 he was appointed Professor of Litera

in 1 1 8 ture the Military School , and in 9 he was made Professor and Head of the De art m ent of L p iterature in the Normal School .

A N D M O N O G R A P H S B O L I V I A N S O F T O — D A Y

In 1 9 1 2 he was President of the National

Distribution of Patriotic Propaganda , which

he had himself founded . Elected President

of 1 1 the Fine Arts Club in 9 3 , he was re 1 1 elected in 9 4 and 1 9 1 5 . At the present time he is one of the editors of the il l u st rat l ’ A t a nti da . ed magazine , H e married Carmen I t u rri Al bort a and

has ﬁ ve Children . On several occasions the poetical produ c tions of Seﬁ or B ed regal have received “ " awards of honour in the Floralia held

annually in La Paz . Unfortunately the greater part of his writings are scattered in f m agazines and are difﬁcult o access . He of has written a number poems , essays ,

of articles literary criticism , jote en La P az .

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

His career in na 1 1 6 was for 9 , when he elected Deputy the province of Abaroa , which

2 represented 1 9 0 . E U E . B S T A M A N T , D A N I L S

DAN IE L S . B USTAMANTE

P u bli c m an .

DANIEL S . B USTAMANTE was born in La 1 8 1 son of a Paz in 7 , the Juan S nchez de

Bustamante and Mercedes Vasquez . He La t o was educated in Paz , admitted the 1 8 0 of Bar in 9 , and received the degree Doc L tor of aws and Social Science in 1 89 1 . In 1 895 he married Carmen Calvo and has nine children . In the year 1 89 1 he entered active public life as Chief Clerk in the Department of the Treasury and since then has held the follow ing positions : Member of the City Council of

1 8 2 1 8 1 0 0 Oru ro , 9 ; Deputy , 94 and 9 ; Pro fessor in the Faculties of Law in Sucre and La Paz; Assistant Secretary of the Interior of La and Member the City Council of Paz ,

1 0 1 1 08 9 ; Minister of Public Instruction , 9 ; f 1 0 Minister of Foreign A fairs , 9 9; Professor

A N D M O N O G R A P H S Law 1 1 0 of of , 9 ; and Minister Public In

1 1 8 . 1 0 struction , 9 In 9 4 he was commis si oned by the government to study the edu cat ional systems of Europe and in 1 90 9 he founded the ﬁrst Normal School inSucre . He has been honoured by election to vari ous European and American associations he is a member of the Geographical Soci ety of i Madrid , the Academy of Social Sc ences and the Institu t e of International La w

1 0 1 O i ni ones d i s cu rsos 1 0 Los li m 9 ; p y , 9 4; i tes con l a Re bl i ca A r enti na 1 1 1 Los pu g , 9 ;

i s mo 1 1 B olivi a su estru c-tu ra s u s , 9 7 ; and , y derecli os n 1 1 e 9 9 . U M E R B S T A A N T , I C A R D O

RI CARDO B USTAMANTE .

r jou nali s t .

I O R CARD BUSTAMANTE , the son of Manuel L J . Bustamante and Carlota oreno , was born in Cochabamba on the twenty - seventh | f o 1 88 0 . August , He received hi s education in his native of his city , and there , after the completion i studies , devoted h mself to j ournalism and a edu c tional work . He has been a contri butor to many of the periodicals of Bolivia and has been editor of the daily papers L a

Prensa La Tarde E l Ferrocarril de , , and

C chaba m a o b . In 1 9 1 3 he was Director of the Sucre

1 1 6 school of Cochabamba , and in 9 was

elected Deputy for the province of Mizque . He is the author of the psychological

H a ci a l a vida l i terari a study entitled , pub lished in Cochabamba in 1 9 1 0 .

A N D M O N O G R A P H S

CA L D E R ON O S E L , J

JOSE I GNACKDCALDE RON

Dipl oma t.

O E I O O of Fl o J S I GNAC CALDER N , the son ’ rencio Calderon and Antonia Clavij o , was born in La Paz and was educated in the of Seminary his native city , where after the usual courses in the Faculty of Law he was

duly received before the Courts as a lawyer .

. A short professional experience in the I “ " Lyceu m Sucre of La Paz was interrupt ed by a leisurely tour through Europe in

company with his uncle Bishop Clavij o , and | soon after his return to Bolivia in 1 87 9 he

was appointed Minister to Washington . From 1 90 0 to 1 90 4 he was Minister of Fi nance in General Pando ’ s Administration and at it s close was again sent as Minister to

Washing ton . He served in 1 90 5 as Bolivian delegate to the notable Railway Conference

i 1 1 0 held in Wash ngton , and in 9 j ourneyed

H I S P A N I C N O T E S ' B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

’ to Mexico as his country s representative at the centenary celebration of Mexican

Independence . A year later he went as de legate to the meetings of the International Union for the protection of indust rial pro

ert ies 1 1 2 t o p , and in 9 the ninth conference of the Red Cross Society; in 1 9 1 5 he serve d as Bolivian delegate to the second meeting of - o e and the Pan American Scientiﬁc S ci ty , in 1 9 1 6 he was for the third time ap point ed i n t o Min ster Plenipotentiary , in this i stance

. 1 1 e Cuba Finally , in 9 9 , he return d to Washington as Bolivian Minister

United States .

L E R O E L . C A D N , J O S

E JOSE L . CALD RON

P ri nter : p u bl i sher .

O E L . O son J S CALDER N , the of Pedro Lo az a Cald eré n y and Fidela de la Barca , was bo rn in La Paz on the ninth of Decem ’ ber 1 86 1 . , On his mother s side he is de scended from Don Pedro José Calderon de

’ n la Barca , one of Spai s most notable dram atic poets , and to keep alive the connexion ' he uses hi s mother s name rather than that

re a ra t or of his father . After the usual p p v studies in the Seminary of La Paz he grad u at ed as Bachelor of Science and Letters in 1 8 7 8 . He early showed an aptitude for the printer ’ s art and an inclination towards the of study social and industrial problems , whi ch at that time had aroused little atten tion in Bolivi a . Not content with employing his press and

A N D M O N O G R A P H S B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y with founding more than one j ournal for the d issemination of his progressive ideas , he organised ﬁrst the National Graphic Union and subsequently the more important Fed erat ion of L of La abou r Paz , which during its twelve years of existence has done much towards the general betterment of the

rkin o g classes . was A ready and popular speaker , he elected member of Parliament for La Paz

1 1 0 in 9 , and introduced many salutary ’ Com measures , including the Workmen s pensat ion Act and bills dealing with Indus L h for trial egislation , Working ours Miners ,

Road Improvement , etc . He lost his Sight through a railway acci dent , but happily this was restored by a L so successful operation performed in ima , that the work which he had laid ou t for himself t o do was not permanently inter fered with . On several occasions he has served on the

Municipal Council . Owing to his know ledge of social questions he was nominated ’ Delegate t o the Latin American Workmen s

Congress in Chile , and he has been invited

H I S P A N I C N O T E S L E O O E L . C A D R N , J S to attend Socialis t Congresses in several as South American countries , also the LWa bour Conferences held in New York and ashington . He is the proprietor of a large printing n a and publishi g house , de ling mainly with i books and pamphlets on econom c subj ects .

A N D M O N O G R A P H S

Carlos Cal vo

B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

Minister of Public Instruction and Agri cu l 1 1 1 1 ture , and in 9 4 and 9 5 was chosen Pre sid ent of 1 1 6 the Chamber of Deputies . In 9 he was sent as delegate from Bolivia to the L Congress for Uniform Financial egislation ,

i 1 1 re held in Buenos A res . In 9 8 he was elected Deputy for Sucre and again chosen f President o the Chamber. He is known as an orator of mark ed ability and is the author o f several j uridical s tudi es and monographs . H e married Laura Reyes has two children .

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

on political C A P R I L E S

AN IBAL CAPRI LE S

P u bl i c m a n; edi tor .

AN IBAL CA PRI LE S was born in Cochabam

- ba ﬁ rs t 1 8 . on the twenty of December , 54 He received hi s education in hi s native city and in 1 8 7 9 was admitted to the Bar . Af ter ﬁnishing hi s studies he taught for t he L some time in the Central School , iceo ColOn and one , the Seminary and at time was Vice - Rector of the Sucre National

School . Becoming interested in politics , be ataniel P01 , with N Aguirre , Federico , and 1 others , founded the Sociedad 4 de Seti embre i was , wh ch eventually disorganized eﬁ ort s As by the of their opponents . one of

E l P ro reso . the founders of g , he directed an energetic ca mpaign against the government 1 8 2 as which reached its climax in 9 , when ,

Deputy from Cochabamba , his opposition ‘ beca me so intense that he and seven other

A N D M O N O G R A P H S B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

deputies were banished from the country . Upon his return t o Bolivia he was offered th e portfolio of the Ministry of Public In struction but declined the honour . Pre ferring to devote himself t o newspaper E l work , he founded and edited the papers

I ndependi ente and E l El ector . At the time of the Federal Revolu tion of 1 898 he threw himself whole - heart edl y int o the struggle on of the side the revolutionists , organized well t o armed forces , and sent them the General AS Headquarters at Sicasica . Political and Military Head of the Central Forces he took an active part in the engagements , and when revol u ti onarv the cause triumphed , the Na tional Convention conferred on him the post — Two of Vice President of the Republic . years afterwards he was appointed Minister of of the Interior and Justice , and somewhat m later Minister of Public Works . At the ti e of the boundary difﬁculties with Brazil in 1 90 2 it fell t o him to exercise the duties of 1 1 the President , and during the years 9 4 , 1 9 1 5 and 1 9 1 6 he held the portfolio of Pub lic Instruction . Among others of his published works a

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

Ernesto Careaga Lanza

hi s has tice . Since youth he taken a deep interest in daily jou rnalism ;for several years was E l Cornerci o de B ol ivi a he director of , and later had charge T arde . A R R A S CO B E N I G N O C ,

BE NIGNO CARRASCO

Lawy er; jou rnali s t .

BENIGN O CARRASCO was born in Cocha of 1 888 bamba on the tenth November , , the son of Torcuato Carrasco and Joseﬁna Jim wa enez . He s educated in the schools of La Cochabamba and Paz , gained the de ; grees of Bachelor of Art and Science , L Licenciat e Law Bachelor of aws , and in was and Social Sciences , and later admitted to the Bar . In 1 9 1 1 he was appointed Professor of Geography in the Sucre national school and Assistant Secretary of the University of was San Simon . The following year he made Secretary and one of the editors of the proceedings of the Chamber of Deputies . In 1 9 1 3 he was promoted to the post of

- in- i editor ch ef . He was Assistant District Attorney in Cochabamba in 1 9 1 5 and Dis

A N D M O N O G R A P H S 1 1 triet Attorney in 9 7 . He has been associated with numerous of his periodicals country , having been di rector and editor - in- chief of the Cochabam

‘ ba E l Cornerci o E l Ferroca rri l papers , , , and

La Tarde of P rosa , editor the magazine y

V erso of E l Di ari o of La , editor Paz and correspondent of E l N orte and L a M ari ana of Sucre .

t he Government t o prepare a volume of ad .

an-d ol - m t a t ministrative p ice laws , an i por n work commentari es

José Carrasco C A R R A s c o o s E , J

JOSE CARRASCO

P ubli c man.

O E O was J S CARRASC born at Totora , in t he J department of Cochabamba , on the

1 86 2 . fourth of November , He studied in the Sucre National School in the city of Tunari and received his law training in the University of San Simon in

Cochabamba . He was admitted to the Bar in 1 88 5 and for several years devoted himself to his agricultural interests in the rich province of

Totora , taking no active interest in politics . During the latter part of the administration of Gregorio Pacheco , however , he became a suppo rter of Benjamin Galdo for Deputy ’ from Totora , and , upon the latter s death w . a as before election , Dr C rrasco elected in

| his stead and entered Congress in 1 888 . He took a prominent part in the proceedings )

A N D M O N O G R A P H S B O L I V I A N S O F T O — D A Y presented in 1 889 a proj ect t o make La Paz

of the capital the Republic , brilliantly de fended the course of Moisés Ascarrunz when

E l I nz a rci al was one p was suspended , and of the strongest men of the opposition . In 1 893 he went t o Cochabamba to take

of E l Com erci o of charge that city , which he

For converted into a daily paper . six

of years , in spite many vicissitudes , he stoutly upheld the policies of the Liberal

his d es party , until printing machinery was t roy ed as a result of the revolution in La t o W Paz . In that year , in addition his ork on the paper , he acted as Dean of the ﬁfth year of law in the Un i vers i ty at Cocha bamba . Af ter the triu mph of the revolutionary forces he became Chief Clerk in the War De

a rt m ent 1 0 0 p , and in 9 was appointed Gov l ernor of the Department of O ruro . Whi e fulfilling the duties of that offi ce he was t o War asked assume the portfolio of , and in 1 90 2 he was appointed Minister of Justice n fi i and the Interior , holdi g this of ce unt l the j oint resignation of the Cabinet on No v 1 0 em ber S 1 0 . ixth , 9 3 In 9 4 he fou nded

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

C H I R V E C H E S A R R O S P I D E

ARMANDO CHI RV E CHE S ARROSPIDE

A u thor; p u bl i c

N O CHI RV E CHE S O P ARMA D ARR S IDE , the son of Gregorio Chi rveches Arrospide and w La i a . as r Jul et P del Castillo , bo n in Paz in 1 88 3 . He was educa ted in the Jesuit School of San Calixto in La Paz and graduated with ee the degr of Bachelor of Arts and Sciences , being later admitted to the Bar .

1 0 6 was Since 9 , when he appointed head of the diplomatic section of the department a of Foreign Relations , he has t ken his place 1 0 in the public li fe o f Bolivia . In 9 9 he was appointed Director of the Protocol and the following year , Chief Clerk in the Depart ment of Foreign Relations . The year 1 9 1 4 ’ saw Cha r ed aﬁ aires in him g Brazil , and in 1 9 1 6 he was promoted to the position of

H I S P A N I C N O T E S of Assistant Secretary Foreign Relations . is of Li li He the author , a short poem

La 1 0 1 N oche estiva La published in Paz in 9 ,

1 0 — a of Paz , 9 4 poem somewhat longer

’ N oci ones de range , and the scientiﬁc treatise

d erecho i nternTci onal rivado La 1 1 1 . p , Paz , 9 His reputation as an author is chieﬂy based

on La Candi da tu ra de Ro as La two novels , j ,

1 0 8 Casa S ol ari e a La 1 1 6 Paz , 9 ; and g , Paz , 9 In the former he makes a study of that of for plague South American life , the desire f o ﬁce , and in the latter he deals with various of phases life in Bolivian cities , touching

upon conditions in the schools , the convents , one the army , and society , sparing no and carrying the narrative t o it s logical though

unpleasant conclusion .

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

/ B O L I V I A N S O F T O — D A Y

Young COl ‘ d O V Ct took up telegraphy with ou t prej udice to his other studies , and qual iﬁ ed for a Government position in this ser one oi the t o d o vice , being ﬁrst Bolivians so . He served as a telegraphist during the governorship o f Don Gregorio Pacheco and then entered commercial life as accountant and book ~ keeper with the Co m paii ia Huan 1 2 h chaca de Boliv ia . In 89 e married Maria

- E u fem i a Cortes .

‘ ( Or ova s Sr . d remained in busines until the revolution broke ou t in December of

I n 1 888 as a 1 898 . he had cadet taken part

‘ in the engagem ent at Cotagaita in t he Libera l rising against t he Government of now D . Aniceto Arce , and again j oined the of L ranks the iberals . took an active part in

t o of a the campaign , rose the rank lieu ten nt L S u d colonel and commanded the ibres del , a corps recruited from the young Liberals and of Potosi . The Revolution succeeded ,

1 8 no f or in 99 , having ambition a military t career , he left the army and , at the reques of the Execu tive Committee which assumed of the government the country , undertook the reorganization of the telegraph servi ce

H I S P A N I C N O T E S CO R D O V A V A R G A S

of in the south the Repu blic , which had been completely thrown out of gear during

the revolution . Having completed this task i , he put in order the various bureaux in charge of bonded warehouses for alcohol and of the collection of taxes on mining ‘

properties and Silver bullion . This com b ' mission accomplished , he was appointed y 'the Executive Committee Director of the Pu blic Trea sury for the Department of Pot osi , was conﬁrmed in the appointment by Jthe Constitutional Government of General

Pando , and continued to serve in this capa 1 0 ﬁ city until 9 5 , when he resigned of ce in I order to devote himself to the mineral in- du s t ries , which at that time were entering

on . , a period of great prosperity In 1 9 1 0 the Liberal party in Potosi nom - i

inat ed as fo r him its candidate Deputy , but he did not take his seat as the National Con gress declared the election void on account l l of alleged fraudulent practice on the part of

1 1 h the Opposition party in Potosi . In 9 6 e i was nominated Liberal candidate for the " Senatorship , but this time no election took " place , because the Executive Government

iH H ) M O N O G R A P H S i i i i B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y omitted to issue a writ at the proper time havm i n according to the Constitution , g fact omitted to mention this district in issu

1 8 8 i ing it s decree . In 9 he fought an elect on L for as iberal candidate the town of Potosi , but was beaten by t h e Opposition candidate and was only elected substitute Deputy , a position which he still holds .

Seho r his Cordova has , in addition to other activities , long been interested in

1 8 of j ournalism . In 99 he became editor

E l Ti em o had p , a liberal periodical which been founded in 1 88 5 by Don Modesto Omist e , and since that time has remained on it s staff as manager and editor . Having of acquired ﬁnancial control the periodical , which had now established for itself a re of putation beyond the boundaries Bolivia , E l he in 1 90 7 turned it into a daily paper . Ti enzpo is the oldest j ournal o f its political colour in Bolivia .

Nestor Cueto Vidaurre C U E T O V I D A U R R E

NE STOR CUE TO VIDAU RRE

P u bl i c ma n .

NESTOR CUET O VIDAURRE was born in La an Paz , and from early age devoted himself

i . 1 8 1 to bus ness He entered public life in 9 , when he was elected to the Municipal Coun La cil of Paz , and since that time has held the following public posts : Deputy for North

Yu n as 1 8 — 1 8 8 g , 94 9 ; Consul in Iquique , 1 8 8 of 9 ; Administrator Customs in Oruro , 1 898; Commissary in the War Department;

1 0 Director of the National Treasury , 9 4

1 0 v L 1 0 9 9; Boli ian Consul in iverpool , 9 9; La 1 1 Governor of Paz , 9 3 ; Secretary of the 1 1 of Treasury , 9 5 , and President the City

La 1 1 8 . Council of Paz , 9 Before his term of ofﬁ ce was completed he was appointed

Minister to Peru . He remained in the Peruvi an capital less than a year and then retu rned to Bolivia to

A N D M O N O G R A P H S B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y assume the duties of Counsellor to the Banco de la Nacion Boliviana , which position

- holds to day .

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

i a a Affairs . In the follow ng year he w s p pointed Secretary i n Paris and was trans t o W ferred successively ashington , Petro grad , and Berlin .

His travels , which had been extended to the far and near East , were interrupted by the ou tbreak of the Federal Revolution of

1 8 8 9 , whereupon he returned to Bolivia and i applied himself t o business and j ournal sm . In 1 906 he was elected Senator for Chu qu isaca and was responsible for the passing of Law s the Gold Standard , which is till in

1 force . In 1 9 8 he was appointed Minister

of Finance and Minister of Foreign Affaires . Gutiérrez Dario is author of Recu erdos de Constanti no l a La 1 00 p , 9 ,

P oli ti ca economi ca 1 1 0 . , 9

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

During his residence in Chile h e was a contributor to the periodical E l Di et of San

‘ tiago and the magazine Li tera tu re; y ari e of

1 1 2 h o La Paz . In 9 he publis ed a v lume of

’ ' Rz mas . poetry entitled At the Flo‘ralia

1 1 held in Potosi in August , 9 9 , he was d t he n m awar ed seco d prize , and at a si ilar competition in La Paz in December of the same year awarded the ’ ’

D A R L A CH . , T O C O N N O R

’ ’ TOMAS O CONNOR D ARLACl —I

r Al a n of l ette s .

’ ’ O A O CO O D R A CH of T M S NN R A L , the son ’ ’ Ademar d Arl ach and Hercilia O Connor was born in Tarija on the seventh of March

1 8 5 5 . s He received hi early education in TariJa . and after ﬁ nishing his Law studies in the University of San Francisco Xavier was admitted to the Bar . The greater part of his life has been spent in Tarij a , where he founded and for twenty seven years has edited La E strel la de Tarija . ‘ He was also the founder and director Of L a.

' Revi sta l z tera rz a and E l Figa ro of Tarij a as well as editor of La Col mena of Sucre . He has held the posts Of Consul General Of Col of ombia in Bolivia , Consul Paraguay in of Tarij a , Secretary to the Governor Tarija , and from 1 904 to 1 9 1 9 Senator from Tarija .

A N D M O N O G R A P H S B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

’ ’ Senor O Connor d Arl ach is the author of numerous works both in prose and verse and rightly holds a prominent place among the writers of Bolivia . Among his prose

S embl anz as recu erdos works are y , Tarija ,

1 8 E l General M el are o La 1 0 93 ; g j , Paz , 9 9;

’ Los P s z n re de tes de B olivi a La 1 . , Paz , 1 9 4 H o as al e OZoﬁ o His poetical works include j ,

’ 1 8 S a efzos realz dades Sucre , 7 5; y , Tarij a ,

’ ’ 1 88 P oesi as 1 8 6 I m res z ones 3 , Tarij a , 9 , and p ,

La 1 0 Paz , 9 7 H e is a member of the Argentine Geogra hical of Ai p Institute Buenos res , the Geo Of La graphical Societies Sucre and Paz , the of L of Sao Society Sciences , etters and Arts s of B 0 Paulo , Hi torical Academy go ta.

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

of ican Congress . He is a member the American Institute of International Law in

Washington . He has published various pamphl ets on political and international subj ects , and

1 1 0 t o 1 1 1 of La from 9 9 , was editor

a T and L arde.

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

L ’ f i egation and Chargé d a faires in Ch le , he returned in 1 9 1 2 to Bolivia to act as First Assistant Secretary in the Ministry of For

n 1 1 eig Relations . In 9 3 he was appointed to the post of Assistant Secretary of Foreign 1 1 of Relations , and in 9 4 Governor Oruro , in which ofﬁ ce he had the peculiar dist inc tion o f being the youngest man to hold the

1 1 ~ position Of Governor . In 9 5 he was elect ed a member Of the Municipal Council of La

1 1 6 of Paz , and in 9 was chosen President

f — ﬁ v the Council . At the age O thirty e he was Minister t o Uruguay and Paraguay . of The climate Asuncion , however , did not agree with him , and he was forced to return

now - in— of to La Paz . He is Editor chief the a a weekly magazine A tl nti d . Brilliant as is his diplomatic and public of E career , the success duardo Diez de Me dina as a writer is no less remarkable . At the age of eighteen he published Deli ri os de u n l oco , a monologue declaimed in the Muni cipal Theatre of La Paz by Federico Mont ti and of which a second edition appeared in

1 0 2 ou t of 1 903 . I n 9 he brought a volume prose and verse entitled M artha 0 l os tres

H I S P A N I C N O T E S i E q a D I N A E . I D .

l i ri os and in , the same year a volume Of

M ari osas . .poetry , p Among other literary s bv : B a atelas productions publi hed him are g , t La 1 0 stro as nomadas La Paz , 9 4 ; E f , Paz , 1 08 V ari ando ri s ma s La 1 08 9 ; p , Paz , 9 ;

Tri ti co senti mental V al ariso 1 1 p , p , 9 3 , and ' ’

Pa i sa es cri oll os La 1 1 . j , Paz , 9 9 His epic

M all cu - Ka a li poem , p j (El Condor) received the first honour in the floralia of His historical and scientific studies include ‘

i : La Revol u t ion ederal La the follow ng f , Paz ,

1 899 (written in collaboration with Luis S . ’ Res u men Iz i stori eo i s i co d e B ol ivi a Crespo) yf , 5 : La 1 0 De oli ti ca doctri na La Paz , 9 5 p y , Paz , 1 908 ; La g u erra terrestre a nte el dereclz o i n ternaci onal La 1 1 0 E l l au do ar en , Paz , 9 ; g li no La 1 0 1 B ol ivi a Chi l e La l , Paz , 9 ; y , Paz ' 1 1 A u ntes sobre ta i cas i nternat i on 9 9 , and p p

a les La 1 1 . , Paz , 9 9 His abili ty as an author and diplomat is ‘ enerall Ig y recognized . and the following de corat ions bear testimony to the esteem in which he is held abroad ; Medal of Isabel the 1 l Ca thol ic ' (Spain) , Decoration of M ilitary

Merit (Chile) , and Knight of the Rising Sun (Japan)

A N D M O N O G R A P H S B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

During his residence in London he married of Etelvina Guachalla , the daughter Dr .

- . of Fernando E Guachala , President elect who t o Bolivia , died before he was able take

f . up his o ﬁce , children

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

’

D i E z D E F . M E D I N A ,

’ FEDERICO Di E z DE MEDI NA

A rw i r y oﬁ ce .

Federico Diez de Medina was born in La 1 88 2 son o f Paz on the ﬁ fth of April , , the

Federico Diez de Medina and Maria Lertora . He was educated in the Military College on of the Argentine Republic , and his return to Bolivia in 1 906 was given the rank of

Second Lieutenant . He rose rapidly in the r L se vice , being promoted to ieutenant , Cap a L - t in , Maj or , and ieutenant Colonel in a

1 1 0 comparatively short time . In 9 he r Lu z a ma ried Ballivi n , and has four children . From 1 908 to 1 9 1 3 he was Professor of ll Arti ery , Small Arms , Ballistics , and Topo graphy in the Military College Of Bolivia; from 1 9 1 4 to 1 9 1 7 he was Second in Com mand of the Second Artillery Regiment Bolivar ; in 1 9 1 7 he was aide - de - camp to President Gutiérrez Guerra ; in 1 9 1 8 Military

M O N O G R A P H S B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

é L Attach to the Bolivian egation in Peru , and at the present time i s Chief of the third section of the General Staff . He was honoured in 1 9 1 3 by the Chi lean decoration AI mérit o he has been an active member of the Geographical Society of La

1 1 2 1 1 8 was Paz since 9 , and in 9 elected Corresponding Member of the Historical In st it u t e of Peru . He is an enthusi astic collector of Bolivian antiquities and possesses a museum of u n u sual merit .

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y rank of Captain he took an active part in the

1 8 1 0 0 Federal Campaign Of 99 and 9 . Since then he has held the following positions of tru st : Director of Ofﬁcial Publications and

1 0 1 Chief Clerk in the War Department , 9 ;

Tax Of La 1 0 of Assessor Paz , 9 4; Director

L 1 0 6 the Public ibrary , 9 , Assistant Secre tary of the Ministry of Foreign Relations , 1 9 0 8 ; Secretary Of Legation at the Vati

1 0 - can , 9 9; and Member and Vice President L of a a 1 1 . the Municip l Cou ncil Of Paz , 9 3

He has also played a part in j ournalism . f He was founder Of the O ﬁcial daily paper ,

E l E s ta do o f , and assisted in the editing the

E l Li beral Los D eba tes E l Ga ll o papers , , ,

m H ar a P a n r E l A lbu del og and L gi a l i te a ri a . According t o the promi nent B olivian

is writer , Abel Alarcon , Isaac Eduardo the only poet of La Paz who has cultivated the humorous vein of poetry with any success . as b However , j ust his public life em races lit erarv c many interests , so his produ tions include many d ifferent types of composi

H z ni nos u e as La tion . The volume y q j ,

1 888 cel ebrat Paz , , includes serious poems of ing events in the lives his friends , patrio

H I S P A N I C N O T E S E D U A R D O

o f n tic poems , poems nature , and tra slations was from Coppé e and Lamartine . This fol lowed Contra el desti no - i by , a three act drama in prose , awarded ﬁrst honour in the

u bl ic La 1 8 2 Ip contest held in Paz in 9 , and ’ l A rbol u e crece torci ao q . a drama in verse

I n 1 8 1 which won second prize . 9 he pub ' lished Cora z on en er mo f , a romantic novel in

1 0 8 P z tos a u tas | diary form , and in 9 y ﬂ , facetious verses dealing with events in his ’ o r own his friends lives , political events , or Of hu customs the country , followed by a

| mo rou s sketch of himself . In direct con trast with these poems is the collection

' La ri m as published in the following year , g

r l a a sob e tu mb de mi hijo . The works of Schor Eduardo are well known in his own

1 88 country , and as early as 9 his literary w talent as recognized abroad . He was made in that year a member of the Madrid

Association of Writers and Artists . He has been married twice : ﬁrst to Daia

of - Do Corral , the daughter the well known

livian pu blic man , Casimiro Corral , and not

many years ago to Carmen Guillén .

A N D M O N O G R A P H S

Manuel A . Elias E L I A S

MANUE L I t in jAs

Lawy er; ju dg e .

I in M AN U EL A . EL AS was born Oruro and received his early education in the Munici pal School of his native city and in the La Seminary of Paz , where he took his ’ Bachelor s degree in 1 890 . He then studied law in Sucre and Cochabamba and received ’ his lawyer s diploma in 1 895 . After practising his profession for some time in Oru ro and acting as cashier for the n his Francisco Argando a Bank , he began public career in 1 898 with the appointment of Secreta ry to the High Court o f Oruro . I Therea ft er he served successively as Judge Instructor for the province Of Carengas in

1 8 1 8 9 7 , and for the city of Oruro in 99; sec retar of y to the Governor of Oruro , member the City Council and its Chairm an in 1 9 0 7 . From 1 90 8 to 1 9 1 1 he represented Oruro as

H I S P A N I C N O T E S B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

Deputy and acted as Secretary of the Fin ance Committee of the National Congress . From 1 9 1 1 till 1 9 1 8 he was sub - Secretary in the Ministry of Finance , and was then appointed a member of the High Court Of L a . Paz , a position which he still holds

i h nan as rac Dr . E lias s t e author of Fi z p ti cas de B olivi a La 1 1 Corn il a , Paz , 9 5 , and p

rel ativas a tari as de aval i ios vi entes La Pa f g , z 1 1 6 9 .

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

Tomas Manuel Elio E L I O

TOMAS MANUE L E LIO

Law r t a r y e ; e che .

TO M A S M AN U EL E L I O was born on the

- ﬁ ft h 1 886 La twenty Of March , , in Paz , and was educated at the San Calixto School and

the University Of San Andrés . There he ’ his 1 0 1 gained Bachelor s degree in 9 , and

in 1 90 7 that of Doctor of Laws . While yet a student he taught in the Aya

1 0 cucho National School , and in 9 3 received o f the appointment Clerk of the Senate . In

1 0 Of La w 9 9 he became Professor , and in 1 9 1 7 Professor of Mercantile Law in the f L w Faculties o a and Commerce . H e was a charter member of the now ex ' tinct society Agustin Aspiazu , and , more L as noteworthy , of the Radical eague , well wa as of the Radical Party itself . He s also

o f E l Fi aro 1 1 6 one of the founders g in 9 , was its and for a time editor .

A N D M O N O G R A P H S 1 1 In the year 9 4 Dr . Elio was select ed by the Chamber of Deputies t o suppo rt the impeachne nt before the Senate Of certain f he e public o ﬁcials , and has publish d the history of the case under the title : ju i ci o a l res onsa bil zdacl 1 1 p , Paz , 9 4 .

B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y during the administration Of President Al

onso was . , appointed Minister The Revol u tion of 1 8 8 it s 9 , with many changes in the

Bolivian Government , brought with it the

of . 1 0 cancellation his appointment In 9 3 , was however , he again appointed Minister and entrusted with the duty Of inviting President Figueroa Al corta to act as arbi trator in the Peru —Bolivian boundary dis ~ 1 0 pute . The ﬁnal decision , rendered in 9 9 , was so unsatisfactory t o Bolivia and the popular feeling ran SO strong that diploma tic relations between Bolivia and Argentina fi r Off . Se o were broken Escalier , although convinced that the action Of the Bolivian

Government was a mistake , resigned his position in the hospital and l eft Argentina . He received his credentials as Minister to not Uruguay , but did present them , prefer was ring to g o to Europe . While there he appointed the Bolivian representative t o the Mexican Centenary , and on his return

1 1 0 to Bolivia in December , 9 , President Villazon appointed him Minister of Foreign

Relations . In that capacity and in the face of no little opposition he eff ected the ratiﬁ

H I S P A N I C N O T E S E S C A L I E R

a — c tion of the Pando Portela protocol , which ended the strained relations between Argen v Seﬁ or E S tina and Boli ia . Of late years calier has made his residence in Argentina . In 1 9 1 7 he was an unsucvcessful candidate for the Presidency of Boli ia , being defeated l é by the libera candidate , Jos Gutiérrez

Guerra . Among his scientiﬁc publications are the following : Qu i stes idatidi cos del cerebro; E n ' doca rdi ti s i nfecci osas; and Cl i ma toterapz a de to tubercu losi s en la Republ i ca

A N D MO N O G R A P H S

B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y the Oldest and most important daily paper 1 1 in Chile . He returned to Bolivia in 9 4 to assume the management of E l Di ari o of La Paz and the following year founded the

E l Fi aro daily paper g , which he directed for several years . He made another visit t o

1 1 8 his Chile in 9 , and during brief residence in Santiago wa s again connected with the international section of E l M ercu ri o . At the present time he is E ditor - in—chief of the daily paper E l H ombre Li bre of La Paz . He is a member of the Executive m it t ee of the Radical Party .

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

E r J . Felipe sp ell e

Nacional of Ayacucho , and Seminary and Schools , has also been head of the

Colegio Inglés . He is now in charge of the Ayacucho national school . Seﬁ or E sprell e has written a number of

- of text books , some which have won mark ' : His Tex to de ari ti neti ca La ed success , Paz ,

1 8 his 95 , has gone into its third edition;

Tex l o de tri onometri a La 1 00 has g , Paz , 9 , Al ebra Geometri a had two editions and his g , ‘ and Geog ra/i a favourably c i e ved .

H I S P A N I C N O T E S F E R N A N D E Z D E M U G I A

HE RCILIA FE RNANDE Z DE MUGIA

P oetess; mu si ci an.

ERCI I A ER N AN D E D E MUG i A H L F Z , the a an I daughter of Dr . Benjamin Fern ndez d was i n Matilde Quintela , born Potosi in he | 1 860 . At an early age S was taken by her parents to Sucre and there received her education , devoting herself especially to the study of literature , French , and music . She began her literary career wi th con t ribu t ions E l S ema nari o to , a periodical which counted among its contributors the

- Mu well known blind poetess , Maria Josefa she r gi a . While in Sucre mar ied the poet Rica rdo Mugia and has accompanied him during the periods of his residence abroad as diplomatic representative of B 0 L S he livia . During her residence in ima published in 1 909 a volume of poetry entit

M i s versos led , which contained the greater

A N D M O N O G R A P H S has part of her poetical compositions . She

Fantasi a . B e also published a prose work , sides cultivating literature she has devoted of herself to the stud y music , perfecting her natural ability as a pianist . Among her musical compositions stand ou t a number of waltzes and her variations on the Boli vian national hymn . At the present time She resides in Buenos

Aires , where her husband holds the post of

Bolivian minister Argentina .

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

F I N O T

ENRIQUE FINOT

T a i a l e cher; oﬁ ci .

E NR I QUE FI N OT was born in Santa Cruz i 1 8 0 on the s xteenth of September , 9 , the son of Jose Francisco Finot and Olinfa i Franco . He was educated in the Sem n ' ario and the National School Of Santa Cruz of i and the Normal School Sucre , receiv ng the degr ee of Bachelor of Arts and Sciences

in 1 0 9 8 . He began his work as an educator in 1 9 1 1 when he accepted a professorship in the i Normal School . E vinc ng a natural apti a tude for educ tional problems , he was in 1 9 1 2 appointed Inspector of Public I nst ru c tion in the department of Chuquisaca (Su

cre) . The following year he founded and beca me director of the Model School in La 1 i Paz . In 9 1 4 he was appo nted Secreta ry Of the Adm inistration of Public Inst ru ction

A N D M O N O G R A P H S and in 1 9 1 7 Professor Of Literature in the

1 1 8 w s Normal Institute . In 9 he a appointed v L L Secretary of the Boli ian egation in ima . During the early part of 1 9 1 9 he served as ’ Charge d AffaireS in that country and later returned to Bolivia to assume the duties of Clerk in the Department of Foreign Re l a i n t o s .

In 1 9 1 3 and 1 9 1 4 he was Editor of the ’ Magazine L a Ed u ca ci on moderna the of ﬁcial organ o f the Department of Instruction . He has also assisted in the editing of the

La L e E l Di ari o newspapers y of Santa Cruz ,

' E l Ti enz o La and p of Paz , and the new illus t rat ed A tlci nti t he magazine da . He is auth or Oi La Re orrna ed u caci onal en B olivi a La l ,

1 1 B ernardo Paz , 9 7 ; and

1 1 Paz , 9 9 .

B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y t erior and Of Justice in the third Cabinet r President Gutiérrez Guer a .

H I S P A N I C N O T E S l enedict o Goytia

B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

Clodomiro Montes , he participated in the 1 8 1 battle Of January ﬁfteenth , 7 , and thus did his part to effect the downfall of the

D ictator . In 1 8 7 5 he was elected a member of the of Municipal Council Sorata , and at the end of t wo years was appointed Lieutenant Not Governor of the province . long after wards the Chi lean invasion called the coun try to arms and Goytia was one Of the ﬁrst r to respond . He raised a egiment of SOI his own diers , supplied arms and uniforms at cost , and conducted the troops to Pucarani to swell the numbers Of the Republican

: on his army but arriving there , to indigna tion , they were ordered to retu rn . 1 880 was Li eu t en Early in , when he still

- of Revol u ant Governor the province , the t ionary movement of March twelfth broke ou t . Goytia took up arms and fought on S the ide Of the government forces , bu t met was with defeat . The next day he made prisoner , but was released after a few days by the collapse of the revolution . In 1 88 2 he was elected a member of the La Oﬁi ce Municipal Council of Paz, to which

H I S P A N I C N O T E S G O Y T I A he has been re- elected on many subsequent oc i casions , hav ng held in that body the

O fi - f ces of Secretary , Vice President , and

1 86 was President . In 8 he elected Deputy for the provi nce of Larecaja and du ring hi s term of Ofﬁ ce distingu ished hi mself by

- i hi s insistence on the necessity for the con struction of railroads either by public on 8 8 r . 1 private ente prise In 9 , being again La reca a Depu ty for j , he found himself a member of the congress before which the proposal was presented to make Sucre t he pe rmanent seat of the government . In Spite of bitter Opposition on the part of the La Paz representatives the measure was passed . The Northern faction immediately left their sea ts and made their way with all in has te to La Paz . Excitement that city was n i tense , and on December twelfth a i was in revolution broke out . To Goyt a trusted the im port ant ta sk of bringing from the coast the arms forwarded from Ca llao

by Claudio Pinilla and other adherents . He fulﬁll ed the mission with grea t promptness and on his return was cha rged with the or

A N D M O N O G R A P H S B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

aniz ation L a g of the o Regiment . This group Of youths was soon drilled into an f e fective military unit , and in the clash with the Sucre forces at Crucero de Copacabana this regiment turned the tide of battle . A few days later the victorious army entered

Oruro , and their cause was won .

Once peace was restored , Colonel Goytia presented his resignation , which was only accepted when his name was prop osed as representative to the National Convention . In 1 9 0 0 he was elected Senator for La Paz

1 0 2 for Of in 9 Deputy the province Porco , and in the same year President of the

Chamber Of Deputies . Appointed Minister t o Peru at a time when relations between the t wo countries were in a state of extreme tension , by skilful diplomacy he succeeded in effecting the cancellation o f the Old and treaty , a constant thorn in the ﬂesh , brought about the Signing of the treaty now

t o Of in force , the mutual satisfaction both nations . After his return from Peru he was appointed Secretary of the Treasury and later Minister of Foreign Relations . Apart from the military and political ser

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

G U E R R A

JOS E E DUARDO GUE RRA

r t Teache : poe .

JO SE E D UARD O GUERR A the son of Edu

' Ballin an was ardo Guerra and Carmen , born in 1 894 in the city o f La Paz where he ’ was educated at the Jesuits School but did not graduate . In the year 1 9 1 1 he was appointed assist

f i ant in the Bolivian Custom Of ce at Arica ,

' i n 1 9 1 6 Secretary of the Yu ngas Railway

Company , and in the following vear Chief of the Department of Statistics and Geogra

1 1 8 Lec phi cal Studies . In 9 he was made turer on Literature in the Normal High

Schools , which position he still holds .

His lyric and literary gifts , early mani fest ed , have won for Professor Guerra a growing repu ta tion and a notable place among the contemporary poets of hi s native

F r E a mi na nte land . o his poem l C (The

H I S P A N I C N O T E S Wayfarer) he was in 1 9 1 5 awarded ﬁ rst

prize in the Floralia of that year . He has Since published E l fondo del s il enci o of t h (The Depths Silence) , San iago de C il e , ’ 1 9 1 5 ; E l alto de l as ani mas (The Soul s ' ' Antol o i a oeta-s Ascension) , as well as g p

bolivi a nos 1 1 . , 9 9

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

1 0 an ister to Brazil , in 9 9 Minister to Chile , d 1 1 1 in 9 Minister to Ecuador , Colombia , and e Venezuela , where in Caracas he repres nted Bolivia in the Bolivian Congress organized

1 1 h s in that city . More recently ( 9 8) he a occupied the post Of Minister of Foreign a Affairs and Public Worship . He ﬁrst p peared in Congress as Deputy for Sucre in 1 8 9 7 , but lately reappeared to represent — 2 2 Cochabamba for the period 1 9 1 8 1 9 . His E l Di a Opinions promulgated in , a newspaper founded by him in Sucre in 1 892 in opposition t o the government of Presi on dent Baptista , brought him considerable

Odium and compelled his exile to Chile , where during si x years he contribu ted to

E l H eraldo of Valparaiso , defending the his interests of native country .

In 1 90 9 he became director of L a Epoca . Besides innumerable newspaper articles and of a vast number pamphlets , Sr . Gutierrez has published the following works : P arado as La 1 0 L a u erra d e 1 8 j , Paz , 9 7 ; g 97 , Paris , 1 908; Las Capi tol es de l a Gran Col ornbi a; Los derechos p rivados ante l os cambi os de sobe rani a; E l M elg areji s rno antes y desp u és cl e

H I S P A N I C N O T E S I 3S

M elgarejo; H ombres y cosas de ay er; P robl e mas ol i ti cos de l a A meri ca del S ud V al ar p , p 1 8 A u ntes sobre los E stados Unidos aiso , 95 ; p ,

1 90 5 .

A N D M O N O G R A P H S

and has one child .

H I S P A N I C N O T E S E G U T I R R E Z , N E S T O R

N ESTOR GUTI E RRE z P an u bl i c m .

’ NESTO R Gu TI E RRE z was borm in Potosi

- ﬁ rst 1 8 son of on the twenty of May , 7 5 , the

Francisco Gutiérrez and Julia Leapl az a . He received his education in Potosi and Sucre and in 1 89 2 was appointed Professor in the Pichincha national school Of Potosi . In 1 898 he was admitted to the Bar and since that time has held the following posi ti ons : District Judge ; Minister of the Dis t rict 1 0 of Court Of Potosi , 9 9; President the

1 1 0 ~ u Centenary Committee of Potosi , 9 ; Pre

of of 1 1 2 feet the Department Potosi , 9 ;

War 1 1 Minister of and Colonization , 9 3 1 9 1 6 and Deputy from Potosi 1 9 1 6— 1 9 2 0 He is interested in the mining industry and has been the promotor Of a number Of min ing proj ects in different parts of Bolivia . l He has published several bulletins in connection with his duties of prefect and min

A N D M O N O G R A P H S of periodicals a political nature .

children .

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

G u T I E R R E z G U E R R A

JOS E GUTI ERRE z GUE RRA

M an of a ﬁa i rs ; banker;

E tc- Pr sid nt vi a e e of Boli .

JOS E GUTI ERR EZ GUERR A was born in the o f 1 86 city of Sucre on the ﬁ fth September , 9 . He comes of a distinguished family : his par ents were Lisimaco Gutiérrez and Andrea

Guerra , and he had as grandparents that J osé de Guerra who fulﬁlled the duties Of President Of Bolivia for a brief period in 1 8 n of 7 9 , and Maria Rhy d of the family the Lord Palmerston who was Prime Minister

Of England in the middle of the last century . 1 880 of t o In , at the age eleven , he went England and studied first at Stonyhu rst ’ and later at St . Bede s , Manchester; but family necessities interrupting his plans , he returned in 1 887 to Bolivia to enter on a i mercantile career , first serv ng as book keeper in the Compafiia Huanchaca and

A N D M O N O G R A P H S B O L I V I A N S O F T O — D A Y

later as cashier in the National Bank , from which po st he went in 1 892 to be ﬁrst

cashier In the Treasury Department . In 1 893 he was sent on a special mission to L in ima , to carry important diplomatic st ru ctions t o the Bolivian representative a there , and later in the same year he was p pointed Commissary Oi War for the North 1 8 f East of Bolivia . In 95 he was o fered the of L Ri o post of Secretary egation in Janeiro , but declined , and soon afterwards accepted of of the post Inspector the Bank Of Potosi , which had lately gone into bankruptcy . On completing this duty he was appointed Clerk in the Treasury Department; in 1 896 he was promoted to be Inspector —General of

1 88 ac Banks , and in 9 he reorganized the counting ln the municipal treasury of La ﬁ re . o Paz Resigning fr m public Of ce , he turned to commercial life , and founded in one one Sucre two factories , for soap and for ﬁ rm s— ] beer , and two business Bone , Guti é rrez y Cia and Correa y Gutiérrez Guerra~

1 0 2 both of which he managed . In 9 he founded the banking house which bears his name and which has had a creditable part

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

G U Z M A N

ALCIBIA DE S GUZ MAN

P u l ri t r b i c ma n: w e .

’ CI B IAD ES M AN son AL GUZ , the of Mariano Guzman and Trinidad Guardia was born in Cochabamba on the nineteenth :

1 86 2 . a of March , He obtained his educ tion in the universities of La Paz and Cocha bamba , from which he received the degree of Bachelor of Arts and Sciences in 1 8 7 9 an

w wa l that of Licencia t e in La in 1 884 . He s admi tted to the Bar in 1 88 7 . He married

ann an Ju a Molina E lio d has four children . In the National Convention of 1 88 1 he held the post of Assistant Secretary and i edited its proceedings . The follow ng year he was appointed assista nt in the Treasu ry Department and within a short time was promoted to the post of Chief Clerk . In 1 886 he Obtained the position of Professor of History in the University of Oru ro in

A N D M O N O G R A P H S B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

Open competition , and somewhat later was appointed Inspector of Public Instruction in the same university . In 1 895 he was made Chief Clerk in the War Department . In 1 90 0 he was elected Depu ty for Caran s gas , bu t the election was sub equently an

1 0 2 was nulled . In 9 he elected substitu te Deputy for Cau poli ca Of late years Senor Guzman has d evoted hi s attention largely to the wri ting and n publication of his books . Besides a um

of - on ber text books geography and history , he has pu blished many works Of wider inter est : La P oliti c-a , among which are included

’ B oli vi ana en el p eri odo 1 87 9 al 1 889; jose

V al eri o A ldu na te 0r , a biographical study;

nz mo oli ti co de B ol vi a Los Colorad os de g a s p i , B li vi a enaro S an i né s o ; and j g , a study of hi s hi s time and works .

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

B O L I V I A N S O F T O — D A Y

He has held various ofﬁces in the Ministry o oc Of Finance and Industry , and n several as casions has served Municipal Councillor , usually in the capacity of Inspector of F r Schools . o a time he conducted the j ournal L a Defens a and is now editor of La

V erdad has , in which he achieved a consider able reputation as a ﬂuent and vigorous ex ponent of the ideas of his party .

u s ti c‘n e Dr . Iturralde is the author of C e al ll mi tes entre B ol ivi a y el P er u sobre l a

’ a li a a a de C u po c n y Apol ob mb .

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

to be the leading reviews , and also edited ,

1 0 1 0 tween the years 9 5 and 9 9 , the two newspapers L a M ari a na of Sucre and E l ’ Comerci o a e B ol i vi a L Of a Paz . He was ﬁrst elected t o the Chamber of Deputies in 1 90 8 as representative of the capit al Of Sucre; during the adminis tration of Dr . Ismael Montes he held ofﬁce as Min

1 0 ister Of Justice and Industry , and in 9 9 he was named Attorney General of the f on Republic , an o ﬁce to which he return ed hi 1 1 s leaving the Cabinet in 9 7 .

I rri ha has Dr . t u c published a work in two

' ' volumes entitled H i stori a d e B olivi a bajo l a ’ ’ admi ni s traci é n ael M ari scal A ndres S anta which its second

H I S P A N I C N O T E S UL J A I M E S F R E Y R E , R A

RAUL J AIMES FRE YRE

r r A ti s t; poet; teache .

RAU A I M ES R EY RE L J F , the son of Julio Lucas Jaimes and Carolina Freyre and the brother of Ricardo Jaimes Freyre , was born

La 1 886 in Paz in . Af ter ﬁnishi ng his course in the National Aca demy of Fine Ar ts he was appointed ’ Professor Of Drawing in the Young Ladies La i Seminary of Paz , a position wh ch he

1 1 1 1 6 held from 9 4 until 9 , when the death Of his wi fe so preyed upon his mind that he decided to dedicate himself to the ecclesias tical life . With this end in view he entered

m r La re the Colegio Se ina io in Paz , and mained there until the end of 1 9 1 7 . In that year he abandoned his sombre plans and ac cept ed the appointment of Professor of L i terature in the Pichi ncha school of Potosi . The paintings and literary works of Raul

A N D M O N O G R A P H S B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

Jaimes Freyre have attracted general atten

1 1 6 tion . In 9 he received ﬁrst prize in the Exposition Of Painting in La Paz and in the same year was awarded third prize at the

Floralia held in that city . The follow ing year he again received third prize for a work of mystical character which reﬂects AS his aspirations toward a monastic life . is the case with many South American Of Seﬁ or writers , the literary compositions Jaimes Freyre are scattered in magazines and hence are not accessible to the general pu blic; bu t he is -now pu blishing a book of verse In which his best poems are t o be included .

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

Ai res to Tucuman to become President of it s Board of Education and later to occupy L for the chair of iterature , specially created him by the Government , in the University of Tucuman .

1 8 Cas tali a barbara In 99 he published , a varied group of poems . A second edition of this collection was published in La Paz in 1 9 1 8 and in the same year appeared another ’ n s s of L os s u e o on viaa . volume verses , Am ong his other works are La hija dejef té (verse) ; Trovacl orse y troveros (history) ; H i s tori a rte l a edad m edi a y de l os ti emp os moder ’ nos Le es d e versi ca ci on castell ana La ; y ﬁ , Paz , 1 9 1 8 ; H i stori a del N orte A rgenti na; La Re publi ca del Tu cu man; Tu cu mcin col oni al;

Los ana l es de l a Uni versidacl cl e Tu cu mcin . etc .

H I S P A N I C N O T E S ALFRE DO JAURE GUI ROSQUE LLAS

r Teacher; wr i te .

FRE DO A R EG I ROS UE LLA S AL J U U Q , the son of José Apolinar de Jé u regu i and Leticia

Ros u ell as in 1 88 0 . q , was born Sucre in He was a educ ted in his native city , attending . ’ i the Un versity of San Francisco Xavier , from which he received the degree of Doc

tor of Politica l Sciences in 1 90 2 . ’ In 1 899 he waS appoint ed Professor of and L History , Geography iterature in the in was Jun School of Sucre and connected . i r r w th this schoo until 1 9 1 6 . Du ing the years 1 9 1 0 and 1 9 1 1 he was Director of the Junin school and in 1 9 1 5 and 1 9 1 6 Director

1 0 of the Bolivar school in Oru ro . In 9 8 he was appointed Professor in the Normal 1 Schoo l . In 909 he marri ed Maria Nieves an h r Molina d as th ee sons .

A N D M O N O G R A P H S B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

I OJ o f In 9 r he held the post City Attorney , and in 1 9 0 6 was elected a member of the

1 1 City Council Of Sucre . From 9 7 to 1 9 1 8 he was a member of the Geographical So ciet for has y of Sucre , and some years been a member of the Geographi cal Society of La

Paz , having been elected General Secretary t wo is on occasions . At the present time he editor Of t he pu blications of the Chamber of Depu ties . Senor J auregui has travelled extensively in his country collecting dat a for a rcha eo

“ l i a l e r i l o c o a h ca . g , g g p , and linguistic studies He has contributed many articles t o maga zines and newspa pers and has published the following works : De pnnta y cl eﬁ l o; Cu entos ’ ' 7 va ri s l r s i n ral B l i ae o co o e ; r eog ra"a g e e (1 e o vi a; ’ N otas eda o i cas S u cre p g g ; , a monograph in t wo volumes on the ancient capital of B 0

Ci ntar o N o me olvi cl es livia; g , a novel ; , a

E n seri o en brom a poem ; and y , Chronicles Of Buenos Aires .

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

Luis La vad enz

B O L I V I A N S O F T O — D A Y companies t o the rich oil deposits of the

Eastern provinces . In addition he has him self organized the Mineral Oil Syndicate Of Eastern Bolivia which holds concessions to more than half a million hectares of Oil o f La bearing lands , and this syndicate Sr . vad enz has for the last ten years been the manager .

‘ L’ a va nz v Sr . d e entered public life by ser mg as Alderman of the Municipality of Santa t o e Cruz , which he has been twice lected . For the period of 1 9 1 0 — 1 9 1 8 he represented the department of Chiqu i tos In the Cham a

1 1 8 re re ber of Deputies , and since 9 has p f sented the province o Cordillera . He has written a pamphlet on P etrol eos en B ol ivi a i n u e , which was published B nos

Aires . L I M P I A S S .

T L OC AVIO I MPIAS S .

P u bli c ma n ou r a ; j n li st.

CT AV I O LI M PI A S S . son O , the of Manuel Li i s Sanceda was mpias P nto and A unta , t i born in Trinidad , Depar ment of Ben , on

- 1 88 . re the twenty third of March , 7 He ceived his education in Santa Cruz de la r i i Of Sie ra , obta n ng the degree of Bachelor Arts and Sciences in 1 90 6 and that of Liceu in La w ciate and Social Sciences in 1 9 1 2 . was i in 1 He adm tted to the Bar 9 1 4 . AS early as 1 909 he entered public service as a a secret ry to the Postm ster General , and , n receivi g rapid promotion , held successively the posts of Head of the Domestic Posta l

Service , Head of the International Postal t s Service , Secre ary General of Post and

s and - ro Telegraph , Postmaster General p temp ore . He found time apart from hi s official duties to compil e in 1 9 1 6 a General Posta l

A N D M O N O G R A P H S B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

ﬁ its i Guide , the rst of kind in Boliv a , and in 1 9 1 7 a General List of Parcel Post Rates to foreign countries . In 1 9 1 7 he left the Post Ofﬁ ce for the of more hazardous career political life . In 1 9 1 8 he was elected Deputy for Beni and e the province of Cercada and It nez , and soon after taking his seat in the Chamber Of

Depu ties was elected First Secretary . He ' was one of the f ou nd ers of the daily paper E l N orte of La 1 1 of Paz in 9 3 , Director the 1 1 8 ﬁ E l same in 9 , and nally Director of

D ar i i o of La Paz . He married E lvira Canedo and has four children .

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

of ed a member the Departmental Council . As a member of the Constitutional Party he took a lively interest in national politics on 1 8 from then until 99, when the party 1 0 1 lost it s power . From 89 to 894 he rep resented Cinti in the Chamber of Deputies; in 1 89 1 he was appointed Professor of Poli tical Economy in the Law Faculty of the

University of San Francisco Xavier , and

1 8 1 0 2 f from 89 to 9 he was Deputy or Sucre . During his term of ofﬁce he served as Presi n dent of the Chamber o two occasions . He was elected President of the Departmental Council i n 1 899 and from that year until 1 9 1 9 was co —Judge of the Supreme Court n of Bolivi a . In spite of being o e of the strongest adherents of the opposition he was

1 1 appointed in May , 9 9 , Minister to Peru , one of the most important diplomatic p osi of tions at the time because the vexed prob. lem of the ultimate disposition of Tacna and

Arica . n In addition to his public duties , Se or Linares has devoted great attention to ih du st ri al enterprises and to the administra 1 tion of his estates in Cinti and the environs

H i S P A N i C N O T E L I N A R E S

h of Sucre . He as served alsoas the editor l La I nd u s of various periodica s , including

' ' tri a La Ca i tal E l Recreo Lz terarz o , p and of

Sucre . He is the author of several compo siti ons both in prose and in verse and of numerous bulletins in connection wi th hi s an servi ces as Judge d City Councillor . He married Ca rmen Pizarro in 1 886 and

chil dren .

A N D M O N O G R A P H S

B O L I V I A N S O F T

sity of Oru ro . L of Dr . oaiza is a member numerous learned societies both at home and abroad i and has received many distinctions , wh ch include a silver medal awarded him in Sucre 1 8 6 in 9 , a gold medal , also conferred upon Su cre in 1 0 t wo m him in p 9 9 , and gold edals

1 1 presented t o him in Paris in 9 3 and 1 9 1 5 .

’ ' l zm ada (an ep1 c poem) l i ter/ ari as S , ucre ,

H I S P A N I C N O TE S L O A Y Z A

LOA Z ARTURO D . Y A

m Lawy er; p ubli c a n.

L AY Z A w k RT RO . O w A U D , son of the ell no n .

Loa z a was ' jurisconsult Melquiades y , born in La Paz and received his education in the

Ayacucho School and Seminary . He chose the career o f the Law and was grant n ed his diploma i La Paz in the year 1 8 59 . He began at once to make his mark in hi s profession and his success in many intricate ca ses brought hi m a reputation as an aecom lishe p d lawyer . Concerning the importa nt lawsuits place in hi s Loa z a charge , Dr . y has published iseveral acutely analysed monographs , and in 1 0 6 . in the year 9 , conjunction with Dr a Revi sta For Robe rto Zapat , he issued the ense ﬂ i , an in uent al monthly publication a w de ling ith legal matters . In 1 9 1 1 he was entrusted by President

A N D M O N O G R A P H S Villazon with the portfolio of Minister of

B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

member of. the Convention; from 1 894 to 1 89 7 he was Deputy for La Paz in the Na tional 1 8 8 was Congress , and in 9 again a member of the House and was chosen it s n M hi c President . Se or ac ad o has taken a creditable part likewise in the literary life of La Paz; ﬁrst as contributor and editor in L a E strell a the Catholic periodicals such as , ' E l I nde eml i ente La Un orz La De ensa p , i and f of and , secondly , as author both prose and

His rl a e ki mno al traba o a l a l n verse . O j y du stri a was published in 1 884; Ca entos de mi ti erra was as published in Germany , also was his N u evos Cu entos ; following which he issued Apu ntes bi ogrdﬁ cos de P i e N ono.

H I S P A N I C N O T E S M A R I A C A

M ANUE L B . MARIACA

P si i a n t a hy c ; e cher .

in L MAN UE L B . M AR I ACA was born a Paz 1 8 in 4 7 and there received his education , obtaining the degree of Bachelor of Arts and Sciences in 1 865 and that of Doctor of Medicine and Surgery from the Medical School of San And res in 1 8 7 1 I n the yea r of his graduation he was ap - i pointed Professor of Medicine in the Univer sit y and two yea rs later Physician in the n hospita ls of La Paz . He conti ued in thi s post until the War of the Paciﬁc called hi m " f his s and was r rom civic dutie , he made A my he his i e . t Surg on Since war , although ch ef i t s his n ere t has been in profession , he has a ﬁ ai retained an ac tive relation to public rs . In 1 884 he was elected Substit ute Deputy and held that post for two years ; in 1 886 he ' was elected a member of the City Council

A N D M O N O G R A P H S and soon afterwards was chosen President of the body . His educational activities

1 8 0 Re’e broadened in 9 , when he was made of s of And res t tor the Univer ity San , a pos

1 0 1 was which he held until 9 9 . In 898 he chosen President of the Medical Court and in 1 9 1 0 appointed M i n i ster struction .

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

M E N D O Z A

JAIM E M E NDOZA

P i i an man l t rs hy s c ; of et e .

A I M E END O A son of J M Z , the José Maria a Mendoza and Gavina Gonz les , was born in

- ﬁ ft h 1 8 . Sucre on the twenty of July , 7 3 After ﬁnishing his secondary education he entered the University of San Francisco

Xavier in Chuquisaca (Sucre) , where , in of spite a decided bent for painting , music and poetry , he pursued courses in medicine and graduated with the degree of Doctor in

Medicine and Surgery in 1 90 1 . He devoted himself for a time t o the practice of medicine in the mining regions

1 0 of Bolivia , and in 9 3 took active part in the Acre campaign as army surgeon . After two years of hard se rvice he returned t o his difﬁ cul t practice as physician for the great i u min ng companies of Llallag a and Uncia . In 1 9 1 5 he was appointed to the medical

A N D M O N O G R A P H S B O L I V I A N S O F T O — D A Y

s of a taff the Santa B rbara Hospital in Sucre , and in the following year was made proi es sor in the Medical Faculty and Professor of

Legal Medicine in the Law Faculty of the .

University . The latter position he still holds . 1 1 Sefi or Mendoza is well known throughout wa Bolivia as a philanthropist . He s the founder of the first hospital s in the mines of l Llallagua and Unci a as well as the first schools and t he first charitable and athletic To is societies known there . him due the ’ establishment of a chi ldren s ward in the of one hospital in Sucre , and the proceeds of hi s books were entirely devoted to the ’ women s Insane Asylum . In some ways his literary work reflects the antithesis of the mountain and tropical regions of Bolivi a with their marked differ ences in climate and customs . The domin his is ating note of productions , however, that of sympathy toward the weak and u n A of protected . defender women and chil sad dren , he also depicts the condition of the two of principal types Bolivian workman,

- the miner and the rubber gatherer . Among

M O L I N A C A M P E R O

ARTURO MOLINA CAMPE RO

u rn i n jo al st; p u bl i c ma .

ARTURO MOL I N A C A M PE RO was born in La 1 86 hi s Paz in 9 , but received education in Tarij a and in the University of Buenos h Aires , where for a w ile he studied for the a s i medic l profe sion , wh ch , however , he has never practised . On hi s retu rn to his native country he es tablished in La i Paz and Tar j a , with the co ’ ’ i a onn r Ar l a h O C o d c . operat on of Tom s , the ' E l Ca racter - i political j ou rnal , which he him self successful ly conducted in Tarij a . In 1 904 he was elected to the M u nicipal Council of the city and subsequently served as h w its c airman . For many years he as President of the Liberal organization in Tarij a and was elected Deputy for the

0 — 1 a period 1 9 2 1 90 6 . In 90 7 he was p pointed Prefect and Comandant of the

H I S P A N I C N O T E S I I I B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

Department of Tarij a; for the period 1 908 1 9 1 4 he represented the same Department in the Senate and was again elected for the further peri od of 1 9 1 4— 1 9 2 0 ; in the year 1 1 6 9 , in the administration of President

Ismael Montes , Senor Campero accepted the

of his portfolio the Interior , and during tenour of ofﬁce dealt with many delicate an f d di ﬁcult problems . National Delegate i es on .

Ism ael Montes M O N T E S

ISMAE L MONTES

S oldi er; s tatesma n; ex

P resident o B li i a f o v.

S M AE ONTES I L M , the son of Clodomiro was on Montes and Tomasa Gamboa , born of 1 86 1 La the fifth October , , in the city of was Paz . There he grew up and educated first in the schools and later at the Univer sit y of San Andrés , where at the age of sev ent een he won the degree of Bachelor of L etters , and after an interru ption caused by the War of the Pacific was awarded the de gree of Bachelor of Laws . was He eighteen when the war broke out , and he promptly enl isted in the Murillo won regiment , where he rapid promotion to the rank of First Lieutenant and so fought in the battle of Al to de la Alianza (May

- x twenty si th , Here his father , Gen Mont es was eral Clodomiro , seriously wound

A N D M O N O G R A P H S on his ed , and going to aid Ismael was cap t u red with him , and both were carried pris

oners to Chile .

At the close of the war , when the pris was oners were returned , Montes appointed , of ou t im with the rank Captain , to carry

portant changes in the army regulations .

This duty accomplished , he retired from the was ad army , completed his law studies , m itt ed 1 886 to the Bar in , and became Judge f L His o of the district court o a Paz . prof s sional activities led naturally into the arena of 1 8 0 for politics , and in 9 he was candidate Deputy for La Paz at a time when party feeling ran so high that he and other mem f bers o the opposition were exiled to Peru .

He returned , irreconcilable , and attacked the Government so vigorously through the ' columns of La N oci on that he was seized by

the police , taken prisoner to Oruro and thence to Corend o where he escaped and after many adventures made his way back to La Paz . In due course amnesty was proclaimedl and in 1 894 he was again a can did at e in an election marked by disorder was and bloodshed , in which nevertheless he

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

such a footing of strength and efﬁ ciency that

it became the pride of Bolivia . In 1 90 2 he was made Commander—in—chief of the army and directed the campaign of one of w Acre , the obscure struggles bet een

South American nations , which acquired special interest due to the suspicion of con tributing activity on the part of Central won European powers . There he victories in the engagements of Riosinho and Baj e n and o his return was lionized by the public . Two years later he was candidate for the of Presidency , obtained a plurality votes , and was declared President by Act of Con

gress . Owing to the death of his successor f before he could assume o ﬁce , President ’ Mont es 5 was ﬁ ve term extended to years , iI and at it s close he was honoured by promo of of tion to the rank General Division and , by appointment to represent his country as E Minister to France and ngland , where he was able to do his country important

service in diplomatic and ﬁ nancial matters . The loans arranged by him in Paris made possible the establishment of the National Bank and the construction of the railway

H I S P A N I C N O T E S M O N T E S

La is from Tupiza to Quiaca , which aiding considerably the development o f the coun 1 1 t ry . On his return to Bolivia in 9 3 he was n again elected President , servi g until 1 1 9 7 , when he was once more signally hon ou red by being made Delegate to the Peace

Conference at Versailles .

A N D M O N O G R A P H S

M O R A L E S \H L L A Z O N

NESTOR MORALES V i LLAz ON

Phy s i ci an

NESTOR MO RA LES V I LLAZON was born in son of a i Cochabamba , the Const nt no Mor ales and Aurelia Villazon . He received his early education in Cocha of bamba , entered the Medical School the

University in that city , and later went to

La Paz to ﬁnish his medical studies . He married Celina Guzman Obarri o of Cocha bamba and has four children . Du ring the early days of the Revolution of 1 898 he was one of the surgeons in the of sanitation service the Federal Army , and in 1 8 was January , 99 , transferred to the n a a surgica l sect ion of the La d et Hospital . From this institution he went in 1 900 to the a Public Hospit l , where he remained for a a n ye r , bei g then appointed Surgeon to the

Artille ry Regiment . He held this post for a

H I S P A N I C N O T E S B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

few months only , and then became Surgeon of the Army Training School . In April of the same year he was made a mem ber of the of of La Medical Faculty the University Paz , rising within a short time from the rank of Assistant Professor of Dissection to that of

of . 1 0 2 Professor Anatomy In December , 9 , he was made a member of the Medical Court and t wo years later Medical Director of the 1 08 was Pest House in La Paz . In 9 he Pro fessor of School Hygiene and in the following year head of the Section of Bacteriology of the Board of Health . In the same year he was elected Dean of the Medical Faculty and Director of the National I nst it u t u e of

1 1 1 Bacteriology . In 9 he founded the 1 1 2 was Dental School of La Paz . In 9 he t e— acu l t and elected Dean Of the Medical F y , ’ in 1 9 1 5 made Physician of the Children s

Section of the Landaet a Hospital .

Dr . Morales Villazon has been signally his own honoured , both in country and

1 0 was abroad . In 9 4 he commissioned to go to Europe t o continue his study of bac t eriol o gy , and later was a delegate to the Fifteenth Medical Congress held in Wash

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

M U J I A

RICARDO MUJI A

Diplomat; M an of Letters .

' I CARD O MU I A R J , who belongs to one of n the most disti guished families of Bolivia , was born in Sucre on the twenty - fourth of 1 86 1 son October , . He is the of Ricardo

Muj ia , who was Rector of the University of Chuquisaca (Sucre) and Attorney General vand L s of Boli ia , of Rita inares , niece of Jo é i L i Mar a inares , President of Boliv a from

’ 1 8 1 86 1 5 7 to , and is related to the celebrated n bli d poetess Maria Josefa Muj ia . be To this gifted relative , whom assisted . i as Sefi or for a t me private secretary , Muj ia owes in large measure that love of letters w c hi h he has ca rried through life . His scholastic career was bril liant . He won his degree of Doctor of Civil Laws in the Uni versity at Sucre in 1 886 on presenting a thesis upon the inheritance of property and

A N D M O N O G R A P H S B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y passing an examination before the Rector f of the Supreme Court o the district . Mean time he had already begun to teach as in st ru ct or in literature in the National School his won and after receiving degree he , in competitive examination , the post Of Pro f s r L e so of iterature and History .

1 8 In 99 , after the victory at the polls of L the iberal Party , he was appointed Secre and tary to the President , General Pando , was advanced to the post of sub - Secretary of Education , where he was instrumental in bringing about reforms in the organization and methods of instruction in the pu blic schools .

Then began his diplomatic career . He was appointed First Secretary of Legation in ’ Brazil; promoted to be Chargé d affa i res In

Peru , where he remained seven years , and was then made Minister to Paraguay and Gu tierrez Uruguay . When President fﬁ Guerra came into o ce , he was appointed Minister of the Interior and subsequent ly a Minister Of Foreign Aff airs . In this cap city he went on a special em bassy to Uru on was guay , and his return made Minister

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

M u ii oz And res S .

B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y t u ally recognized by the Bolivian Govern ment , which conferred upon him the title ’ Paciﬁ Meritorio de la Guerra del co . At the close of the war he returned to 1 88 his studies , and in November of 5 graduated from the University with the de f gree o Physician and Surgeon . FOr some years he devoted himself to de vel o in his 1 888 p g practice , and in was sent as delegate to the American Sanitary Con L of gress in ima , being elected Secretary the his body . During residence in the Peru vian capital he acted as Second Secretary L t o the Bolivian egation . Upon his return

1 8 0 to Bolivia in 9 he was appointed Member ,

ro tem ore of and President p p , the Medical

Court of La Paz . In the same year he obtain ed in open competition the post Of Professor of Materia Medica and Physiology in the Uni versity of San And res . He was later elected Dean of the Medical Faculty and member of the University Council . From 1 893 to 1 895 he was Surgeon in the Bolivian Army and took part in the Revol u t ion of 1 898 as Surgeon and Director

General Of Military Sanitation , holding the

H I S P A N I C N O T E S M U N O Z

1 0 1 1 0 rank of Colonel . From 9 to 9 3 he Wserved as Minister of Instruction and Pu blic orks , and was appointed the following year

Minister to Brazil . Returning to his coun

in 1 0 o f try 9 5 , he was appointed Governor 1 0 6 the Department of Oruro , in 9 elected of Senator of the Department Beni , and in

1 90 7 chosen Secretary of the Senate . In the same year he was sent as delegate to the i Thi rd Latin - American Medical Congress in 1 0 Montevideo . During the years 9 9 and 1 9 1 0 he was a member of the City Council of La Paz as well as Mini ster of War and i nter i m Minister of Colonization and Agri 1 1 culture . Since 9 4 he has been Senator from the Department of La Paz . During the same period he has held the post of Min ister of War and Colonization (1 9 1 7 ) and President of the Legislative Commission in 1 1 1 — 9 4 and 1 9 8 1 9 .

A N D M O N O G R A P H S

2 0 0 B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

open competition a t ravelling ~ schol arship

to the United States , of which , however , he

did not avail himself . is He a ready lecturer , a member of the La of Geographical Society of Paz , and the La P orveni r re Society , by which he was cently presented with a gold medal as a mark of appreciation for the series of lec

tures delivered before it s members . He is the author of A si habl aba Zarrapas

troso La 1 0 of P a i nas de com , Paz , 9 9 , and g

ba te La 1 1 0 . , Paz , 9 It is t o the opinions expressed in the ﬁ rst named volume that must be ascribed its author ’ s excommunication from the Roman

1 0 Catholic Church by the Vicar Babia in 1 9 .

He married Maria Luisa Ribero .

H I S P A N I C N O T E S O B L I T A S

A RTURO OB Ll TAS

r t r i a l Tea che ; a u ho ; oﬁ ci .

RT RO OB LI TA s so n Oblitas A U , the of Jorge r a Ant e ana was and Matilde Fe n ndez g , the o f u 1 8 born on thirtieth Aug st , 7 3 , in n Cochabamba , and was educated in his i native city , where the follow ng degrees were confe rred upon him by the University of Cochabamba : Bachelor of Science and Letters Licenciat e in Laws and Advocate In 1 896 he married

Maria Josefa Velarde . As his Seﬁ or was not unusual in time , Oblitas combined with his later studies the duties of teacher and served in 1 900 as Pro fessor of Universal H istory in the Seminary and as secretary of the University Council . From 1 90 1 to 1 904 he was Inspector General of P rimary E ducation; in 1 904 Professor of Philosophy and Religion in the National

A N D M O N O G R A P H S School of San Lu i s and from 1 904 to 1 90 7 head of the same schools In 1 9 1 1 he was made Professor of Spanish in the Sucre Na tional School and during 1 9 1 2 and 1 9 1 3 was

Professor of Literature in the Cochabamba .

Institute . He has held few public ofﬁ ces ; in 1 896— 7 he was a member of the Departmental Council of Cochabamba and in 1 9 1 3 he was appoi nted Consul General of Bolivia In

u . England , a post which he still occ pies

Seﬁ or Obl it as has written much , both in r the daily press and in more permanent fo m . He has edited at different times the follow

: E l Orden E l ing Cochabamba newspapers ,

Cz u cl adano L a B a ndara N aci onal La V er , , d ad L a Revi s ta Catol z ca E l H eraldo , , and

' He of a La Redi sta A z u l . is the author

M ari na 1 0 of A nto novel , , Cochabamba , 9 7 ; ' l o i a bol ivi ana H o as g , Cochabamba , and of j

/l cl e Owl o .

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

Manuel OrdOii ez Lopez O R D O N E Z L O P E Z

MANUE L ORDONE Z LOPE Z

ju riscons u l t .

M AN UEL O RD ONEZ LOP EZ was born in La Paz and received his educa tion in the Uni

‘ versity of that city , where he brilliantly pas sed his examinations for the degrees of L L Bachelor of etters , Bachelor of aws , and L at a later date , Doctor of aws and Political

Science . He began his ca reer in the Civil Service in

1 8 6 ﬁ n . 9 by lli g , one after the other , minor posts in the Ministry of the Interior and i al i f Just ce and so in the Imm gration Of ice ,

was a 1 00 whence he , in the ye r 9 , promoted to be Judge - instructor for the province of in 1 0 2 . Sicasica and 9 , District Attorney From 1 904 to 1 90 7 he was active as de part m ental chief in the Ministry of Public Instructi on ; in 1 90 7 and 1 908 as Attorney

La 1 0 for the city of Paz , and from 9 9 to

A N D M O N O G R A P H S B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

1 1 1 as a 9 j udge of that city . Appointed Chief Clerk to the Senate from 1 9 1 1 to 1 9 1 8 he was in the latter year elected member of La t wo the Paz H igh Court . For terms he has offi ciated as Chairman of the Law Union a s well as of the Commercial Union .

r z La Dr . O déﬁ e Lopez IS a member of the Paz Geographical Society and has devoted his t i leisure o au thorship . H e has pu bl shed two books : Hi s tori a cl e B ol ivi a and Corn ' ’ pi l a ci on d e l ey es y de La consti tu ci on p oli i ca cl e B ol i a t vi .

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

1 1 6 own . He held this post until 9 when he re signed to become a candidate for Senator o f for the Department Chuquisaca . Two months after his resignation he was present ed with a gold medal bearing the inscrip ‘ : of tion , which translated reads The people

~ 1 1 6 . H m Tarij a to Don Zenon C . Orias 9 o age Of gratitude to the most conspicuous ’ and industrious o f its governors .

Successful in his candidature , he entered

1 1 6 . the Senate in August , 9 During his term of office he has been influential in bring ing abou t many needed improvements In of Padilla , among them the installation a water system and the construction of gov has ernm ent al and telegraph offi ces . He also been instrumental in initiating the con. struction of a carriage road from Sucre to the Chu quisaca line .

H I S P A N I C N O T E S O T E R O

GUSTAVO ADOLFO OTE RO

rnali t jou s .

STA VO D O FO TE RO son Ave GU A L O , the of i e l no Otero and Rosa V rtiz Ascarrunz , was La 1 8 6 born in Paz in 9 , and there received hi s education in the Ayacucho National n School and at the University of San A drés , from which he won the degree of Bachelor

1 1 of Sciences in 9 4 . a for He early showed a t ste j ou rnalism , and after his graduation began to write for '

E l Comerci o de B ol ivi a jthe daily papers , and E l Di a ri o. Two years later he became one

of the founders of E l Figaro . At the pres ent time he is a frequent contributor to E l

Di a ri o E l Ti em o and p , always under the ’ r Z pseudonym Reporter Pé e . He is also connected with the new illustrated maga ' i A tla ntida z ne in the capacity of secretary , a post for which he is well ﬁtted through his

A N D M O N O G R A P H S B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y experience as editor of L a S emana in 1 9 1 5 L r 1 and of ectu a in 1 9 6 . h Sc or Otero has been active in other ways , having been a member of the corps of Secre

of 1 1 taries President Guerra in 9 7 , and in the following year Chief Clerk of the De partm ent of Statistics and Geographical

. is Studies At the present time he . secre f f tary o that branch o ofﬁcial publications .

His literary productions , though not nu

m erou s of . 1 1 8 , give evidence talent In 9 he pu blished in E l Di ari o a novel Of manners

V i da mi la ros de Franz P erei ra entitled y g ,

1 2 0 and in 9 , in collaboration with Belisario

B i o Diaz Romero , he published the volume

’ ra i a h m r l r B a g f s d e o b es ce eb es de oli vi .

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

stit u t ions of is of Uni Bolivia , he Rector the versity of San And res and President of the

University Council . He is the author of

- a several text books on metrics , gr mmar , on law , and literature , a monograph the

Re- t 1 806 volution Of July sixteen h , , pub lished La 1 1 1 in Paz in 9 , and a volume entitled Hi stori a de l a gu erra r pendenci a P e u .

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

Manuel Rigoberto Paredes

B O L I V I A N S O F T O — D A Y

1 1 1 as i 9 a j udge of that C ty . Appointed Chief Clerk to the Senate from 1 9 1 1 to 1 9 1 8 he was in the latter year elected member of La For the Paz High Court . two terms he has ofﬁ ciated as Chairman of the Law Union as well as of the Commercial Union .

rdOﬁ ez La Dr . O Lopez is a member of the Paz Geographical Society and has devoted his has i leisure to authorship . He publ shed two books : H i stori a de B olivi a and Com ’ pi l a ci on d e l ey es y de L a consti tu ci on i ca d e B ol i a t vi .

H I S P A N I C N O T E S O R I A s

' RI A ZE NON c. O s

P u bli c m an.

’ wa in Z EN ON C . OR I AS s born Padilla on

l 1 w r 8 1 . as the eighth of Ap i , 7 He educated at the University where he received the degrees of Bachelor of Laws and Licencrat e w 1 8 was i in La . In 95 he adm tted to the and Bar , in the same year married Raquel

Carvajal . Since he entered political life he has been I tireless in hi s eff orts to better conditions in his native city as well as in the whole of B0 1 0 w livia . In 9 4 he as elected Deputy for i r the province of Tom na , Depa tment of Chu

- u isaca Su cre and re 1 08 . q ( ) , was elected in 9 In Augu st of 1 9 1 2 he served as President of the Chamber . He was appointed Gover nor o f Tarija in 1 9 1 3 and fulﬁlled the duties of his ofﬁ ce with such impartiality as to win the approval of the ri val party as well as his

A N D M O N O G R A P H S B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

own . He held this post until 1 9 1 6 when he resigned t o become a candidate for Senator for the Department of Chuquisaca . Two months after his resignation he was present ed with a gold medal bearing the inscrip ‘ : tion , which translated reads The people of

t o 1 1 6 . Tarij a Don Zenon C . Orias 9 Hom age Oi gratitude to the most conspicuous ’ it s and industrious of governors .

Successful in his candidature , he entered

1 1 6 . his the Senate in August , 9 During term of office he has been influential in bring / ing about many needed improvem ents in of Padilla , among them the installation a water system and the construction of gov ernm en al fli t and telegraph o ces . He has also been instrumental in initiating the con struction of a carriage road from Sucre

Chu quisaca line .

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

B O L I V I A N S O F T O — D A Y experience as editor of L a S emana in 1 9 1 5 r 1 1 and o f Lectu a in 9 6 . Seﬁ or has Otero been active in other ways , having been a member of the corps of Se ‘cre

of 1 1 taries President Guerra in 9 7 , and in the following year Chief Clerk of the De part m ent of Statistics and Geographical

Studies . At the present time he is s ecre f f tary o that branch of o ﬁcial publications . His literary productions , though not nu r f 8 m e ou s o . 1 1 , give evidence talent In 9 he published in E l Di ari o a novel of manners

V ida m i la ros de F ranz P erei ra entitled y g ,

1 2 0 and in 9 , in collaboration with Belisario B i o Diaz Romero , he published the volume ’ g rafi as de hombres cél ebres de B olivi a .

H I S P A N I C N O T E S P A L M A Y V .

L vv JOS E PA MA .

Rector of the Univers i ty

r of S an A nd es .

in La JO S E PAL M A V V . was born Paz on

1 8 0 . the eleventh of December , 7 He received hi s education in the schools La a of Paz , obt ining the degrees of Bachelor of Letters and Bachelor and Licenciat e of '

Laws . Since his admission to the Bar he has de voted almost his entire attention to educa t th e ion , having held posts of Professor of Primary I nstruction and Professor of Se condar in y Instruction History , Spanish

L . Literature . and iterary History He has l c given courses in civi and anon law , the hi p losophy of law , penal and Roman law , as well as consti tu tional and admi ni strative law . At the present time , after twenty eight years of service in the educational in

A N D M O N O G R A P H S B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

stit u tions of i is R of Boliv a , he ector the Uni versity of San Andrés and President of the

University Council . He is the author of s - on everal text books metrics , grammar , on law , and literature , a monograph the

Re- of 1 806 volution July sixteenth , , pub lished La 1 1 1 in Paz in 9 , and a volume entitled Hi stori a de l a gu erra por en enc a P r p d i e u .

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

Manuel Rigoberto Paredes P A R E D E S

MANUE L RIGOBE RTO PARE DES

La wy er; M ember of the

u rt r r S uper i or Co of O u o .

AN E IG O BERTO A REDE S M U L R P , the son of Manuel Silvestre Paredes and Ubaldine I t urre was bo rn in Carabuco (Department of

La 1 8 1 . Paz) on April the seventeenth , 7 He received his education in the University of A La San ndrés of Paz , in which he pu rsued La w courses in and Political Science , and w as admitted to the Bar in 1 893 . In 1 894 he was appointed Assistant Dis r in Mu ﬁ ecas 1 8 t iet Attorney , in 9 7 District

Judge of the same judicial division , and in 1 00 9 Assistant Governor of Inquisivi . In 1 904 he was elected Deputy for Inquisivi and after the expiration of his term of ofﬁ ce

w 1 1 1 as appointed Fiscal Attorney . In 9 he was appointed a member of the Superior

A N D M O N O G R A P H S B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

Court of Oruro and holds this position to the I re ent is one p s day . He of the charter mem f bers o the Geographical Society of La Paz . Among his published works are L a P ro vi nci a de I n u i si vi 1 0 6 q , 9 (a geographical , l statistical E l arte , and sociological study) ;

1 en l a Al ti l ani ci e 1 1 - L a rovi n p , 9 3 (folk lore); p ci a d e Om anu o 1 1 L as m atanz as del 2 8 j , 9 4; de Di ci embre de 1 1 La 1 1 8 9 4 , Paz , 9 ; and

S u ers ti ci ones mi tos su ervivenci as de p , y p

B olivi a 1 1 . , 9 0

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

fram and tin mine , whose products consti ’ tu te an important part of Bolivia s foreign trade and have won for their owner the name f ‘ ’ o the Tin King . ’ Sefi or Pat ifi o s activi ties are not confined to the field of mining; he is also the sole of of owner the Mercantile Bank Bolivia , of which has a capital four million dollars . In addition to his banking and mining acti c vities he is connected with the company ad ministering the monopoly of alcohol and of spirits , the importance which is indicated by the fact that over pesos have to be paid annually to the Government for the privilege . He has a large interest in the I so boro Colonizing Company of , which owns extensive estates in the Department of Co chabamba — , and in the Machacamarca Uncia Railway which will connect the mining m Ll regions of Hua ani , Uncia ,

m r v . o eO Amayapampa He has , a concession for constructing a railroad t o e from Cochabamba the Mamor River , which , when ﬁnished , will give the products of Bolivia an outlet to the Atlantic .

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y muni cipal affairs of Tarij a and serving for a of time as Governor the Department , he was elected t o represent the city in the

of 1 8 8 1 Chamber Deputies in . From 1 89 2 to 1 898 he was a member of the Senate; he served as Minister of Government and CO1 oniz at ion from 1 892 to 1 896; he was Min of War 1 8 1 8 6 ister from 95 to 9 , and for a short time had charge also of the Ministries of of Finance and Public Instruction . Meantime he continued t o practise his profession , which led from the bar to the i of bench , where he has occup ed some the 1 88 highest posts of the Judicature . In 3 he was District - Attorney and member of the of a 1 0 High Court Tarij , and from 9 5 till 1 9 1 9 he was Associate — Judge of the High

is . Court , of which he still a member Between the years 1 897 and 1 899 he serv ed as Bolivian Minister to the United States , is to France , and also to the Vatican . He a member of many of the Law Associations of Latin America and is a correspondent of the Bureau of South American Republics in 1 8 Washington . In 94 he was awarded the distinction of Ofﬁ cer of Public Instruction

H I S P A N I C N O T E S by the French Government . Among hi s numerous published works are E l Gran Tri bu no i 1 08 Con , Buenos A res , 9 ; ' sti tu ci on oliti ca de la re bl i ca de B ol ivi a p pu , 1 1 2 La Corte su remo de u sti ci a de Sucre , 9 ; p j B ol ivi a : su histori a su u ri s rud enci a y j p , 1 1 0 La Univers idad ma or rea l Sucre , 9 ; y y pontiﬁci a de S an Fra nci s co X avi er de l a ca i ta l de los Cha rcas 1 1 Ca p , Sucre , 9 4 , i tu l o de l a hi stori a na ci onal 1 0 p , Sucre , 9 9; De Ta ri a a l a A su ncion 1 88 B i o ra i as j , 9; g f ,

i a P r B l i a 2 Hi s tor del A lto e ho o iv . u , y , vols ,

1 1 Sucre , 9 9 .

A N D M O N O G R A P H S

P E N A R A N D A

CLAUD IO PE NARANDA

ou rna li st t j ; poe .

CLA U D I O PENAR AND A was born in Sucre 1 88 his ‘ in 3 , and there received education , ﬁrst in the Colegio Seminario and later in the La w School of the University of San

Francisco Xavier . His literary career began in 1 904 wi t h i La P rensa ofﬁcial f contributions to , the L a a iberal org n of Chuquisac , founded by

. L Dr . Samuel Oropeza ater he associated h - Mel it é n imself with the well known writer , r in E l U ioste , the editing of the periodical i S u d . ts . After this paper had run course , he devoted his attention to the editing of ' * Z in the illustrated n aga e V ida N u eva . In 1 9 0 7 he published in Sucre a volume of Li ri cas i poetry entitled , wh ch won favou r able comment from such well —known writers as Rica rdo Palma and Ricardo Jaimes

H I S P A N I C N O T E S ‘ B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

r re For F ey . ﬁve years he was one of the editors of the Sucre daily paper La M anana and in 1 9 1 5 revived L a P rensa and trans

1 1 formed it into a daily paper . In 9 7 his ' poet i cal Composition entitled La oraci onpor l a pas received ﬁ rst prize in the National r ia Fl o al . He has recently taken charge of

E l Di a ri o f La the newspaper o Paz . For the last ten years he has been Pro fessor of History and Literature in the Na t ional and School and in the Normal School , for some time was secretary of the Uni ver i of s ty Chuquisaca (Sucre) . At the present

' time he is Deputy for the provinces of Tom Z u daﬁ ez i ina , , and Azurduy , a post to wh ch

1 1 he was elected in 9 6 .

H I S P A N I C N O T E S had the honour of being one of the Commit r tee oi Judges at the Floralia . At p esent ’ she is the editor of the women s secti on of Atlantida n "of , a new illustrated magazi e L great promise published in a Paz . Among her published works are included Or ebreri as La 1 1 8 f , Paz , 9 , and

oemas en ros a 1 1 . p p , Paz , 9 9

B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y embassy sent to the First Bolivar Centenary V enez eu l a in , and before returning to Boli via made a short visit to Mexico and the

r United States . On his return he was fo a

one of t e f of E l Di ari o time h editorial sta f , ' and in 1 884 was admitted t o the Bar . In 1 886 he was appointed Secretary of Lega - I tion in Paraguay , an important post , as the question of boundaries was at issue . In

1 88 7 the Bolivian Minister , Isaac Tamayo , signed the Tamayo - Acebal Treaty and re S eﬁ or turned to report to his government , ’ Pinilla remaining behind as Chargé d affaires .

1 88 In 9 the crisis became acute , and Pinilla 1 0 a returned to Bolivia . In 89 he was p t o pointed private secretary the President , n 1 8 2 of Le A iceto Arce , and in 9 Secretary gation in Chile . From Santiago he went in 1 896 to Lima in the capacity of Resident 1 8 8 Minister , was advanced in 9 to the rank 1 88 of Minister Plenipotentiary , and in 9 was transferred to Chile with the same rank .

of At the time the Acre dispute , he was sent as the Bolivian representative to Rio was de Janeiro , where he appointed later to serve as a member of the special commis

H I S P A N I C N O T E S L L L P I N I A , C A U D I O

' 1 0 sion to settle the dispute . In 9 3 , after hi s r i was retu n to Boliv a . he appointed . i Aﬁ airs i M nister of Foreign , and in th s post had a large part in the negotiations with Chil e whi ch terminated with the trea ty of

In 1 0 E pea ce of 1 904 . 9 7 he went to urope to represent Bolivia as her ﬁ rst Delegate to 1 0 the Second Hagu e Conference . From 9 8

1 1 1 to 9 he was again Minister to Brazil , es peci al ly charged with the duty of repres eu ting Bolivia before the Court of Arbitra

tion to adjudi ca te the claims arising from . s was so the Acre di pute , and far successful that of the bolivianos claimed by

Brazil , the court allowed only pay able in bonds with three per cent . amorti

z aﬁ on.

In I 9 1 1 S chor Pinilla was again asked to . i f accept the M nistry of Foreign Af airs , bu t , l re- after holding this ofﬁce for some time . signed in order to assume the duties of Min ister of the Interior . In this capacity he e 1 1 2 presided over the el ctions of 9 , at which Seﬁ or was i Montes elected , and he cont nued to serve as a member of the Ca binet until 1 1 9 4 , when he again became Minister to

A N D M O N O G R A P H S B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

Chile where he remains . As early as 1 8 7 5 Claudio Pinilla began to ﬁgure as one of the promising young writers In f hi of Bolivia . that year a number o s

‘ La Li ra P a cena poems appeared in , pub li e sh d in La Paz by Joaquin Monj e . In

1 88 Ra ael a 7 he published in Buenos Aires f , a poem which he had read in the Ateneo at

Asuncion . At the national literary contest held in Sucre In 1 896 he presented an Estu ' di o comparado de l a consti tu ci on bolivi ana con l as d e los otros p a rs es d e l a A meri ca M e ri di onal , which was awarded a diploma and a medal of Honour . Among his other works are A l manaqu e de E l Comerci o d e ' 1 87 8; E l Albu m de 1 6 de ju l i o; and Cu esti on de li m i tes con la Re bl i ca A r enti na B olivi a pu g , i l y Ch e. He is privileged t o wear the following decorations : the Busto del Libertador of the

ﬁ r on st class , bestowed him by the govern ment o f Venezuela; the Red Eagle Of Ger t he oi of many; Crown Italy , and the Cross

Merit of Chile .

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

Macario Pinilla L L P I N I A , M A C A R I O

MACARIO PI NILLA

Laywer; p u bl i c m a n.

ACA R I I N I A son M O P LL , the of Juan Pinilla , was born in La Paz in 1 85 5 and received his early education in the National School of

1 8 1 . Ayacucho , where he graduated in 7 He was admitted to the Bar in 1 8 7 6 and in the year 1 888 entered public life on his elec tion as Deputy for La Paz . From 1 89 2 till 1 896 he was District At 1 8 was At t or torney , and in 95 appointed was ney General of the Republic , but pre vented by stress oi work from exercising the functions o f this ofﬁ ce . He was Minister of the Interior and of Justice from 1 896 till 1 8 8 9 , when he resigned his portfolio to take of La part in the Federal Revolution Paz , which resulted in the overthrow of the be Alonso government , and su bsequently came a leading member of the revolution

A N D M O N O G R A P H S - B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

1 00 ary Junta . In the year 9 he was ap pointed Envoy E xtraordinary and Minister B e] Plenipotentiary to France , Spain , and

For 1 0 - 1 1 0 gium . the period 9 4 9 he served as Senator for La Paz and ofﬁc iated as Pre

i en f 1 0 s d t o the Upper House . From 9 9 till

1 1 - of 9 3 he was Vice President the Republic . He was one of the founders of the Liberal Union in 1 899 and President of the Liberal Party and candidate for the Presidency of the Republic in the Liberal Convent-i on of 1 of La 1 9 6 . He is a charter member the Paz Clu b and likewise of the Bar Assoc ia of tion , a corresponding member the Royal o f u ris ru d ence and Academy J p , is the au thor

P rocedi mi ento Civi l 1 8 . of , published 7 7

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

B O L I V I A N S O F T O — D A Y logy led him t o draw up a report of consider able extent upon the prehistoric remains on

Easter Island , later to be embodied in his

s o Di e Os teri ns el u nd i hre ﬁrst publi hed w rk ,

ra hi st rz s ch n llil nu m nte 1 e o e o e 8 . p , Pola , 95 Posnansk Sr . y next took part in various exploring expeditions to the upper reaches of f the Amazon , in whose di ﬁcult waters he became an efﬁcient navigator and ultimate l y director Of a river navigation company , ' La E mpresa de N avega cao dos ri os P u ri t s e

r f — A c e. Among the ﬂeet o shallow draught steamers , built under his direction in Ham

I ri s bu rg , ﬁgured the famous , which in the quarrel that arose between Brazil and Boli via over Puerto Acre was engaged in the

P nansk i . os Boliv an interest , Sr y being cap tain and a blockade —runner t o that belea gu ered fort . It was the I ri s that in the end rescued the survivors of the Acre garrison and conveyed them as far as Manaos . His adventures as a blockade - runner and his escape after being wounded and captured by the Brazilian forces are all recounted in his Ca m a na d e A cre La Lancha book p ,

I ri s La 1 0 . Paz , 9 4

H I S P A N I C N O T E S ' P O S N A N S K Y

As a result of hi s adherence to the Boli vian cause he was forced to ﬂee and escaped i l in disguise from Brazil , tak ng refuge in

E . urope , where for a while he recuperated Considering that after the loss of his Bra z il ian properties his sole asset was the prom i ised recognit on of his services by Bolivia , La B 0 he j ou rneyed to Paz , only to ﬁnd the livian treasury in such a condition that no a subst ntial reward was attainable . There upon he tu rned his energies to mining enter prises and to exploiting various concessions

in the interests of European capitalists , by

whi ch he mended his fallen fo rtunes . This done he tu rned himself to the study

l - of the Inca and pre Inca monuments and remains discovered in his travels in the B 01 ivian on highlands , more especially those ; L and near the islands of ake Titicaca , the scene of the researches of Bandelier in 1 89 5 and described by him in his book The 1 s l

la nd s of Ti ti ca ca and Koa ti . The results of ’ of Professor Posnansky s early investiga tions in this ﬁeld are set forth in hi s volume ' Raz as y monu mentos prehi s tori cosWdel Alti la ne A ndi no 1 0 8 . p , Santiago , 9 ith fur

A N D M O N O G R A P H S I I I ther study he ampliﬁed his views and ex tended his theories o f the high culture and vast antiquity of the builders of Tiahu an t o of acu , which he holds be the cradle the vew set American race . These s he has forth with elaborate detail in a work issued n Una metro oli s i German and in Spanish , p rehi s tori ca en l a A m eri ca del S u d p , Berlin ,

1 1 9 4 . While he was thus devoting himself to his of a j oint interests business and arch eology , the Bolivian Government recognized his services in the Acre campaign and granted him the honoriﬁ c title of Benemérito de la of Patria , admitting him to rights citizen ship , and bestowed upon him also two gold

1 0 1 1 0 . medals , one in 9 , the other in 9 3

L 1 0 of La ater , in 9 5 , the citizens Paz elected him a member Of the Council ; in the same year the Senate granted him a gold medal in recognition of his scientiﬁc investiga was of tions . He later made Director the

1 1 8 National Museu m , and in 9 the Munici pal Cou ncil voted him a plaque of bronze in appreciation of his labours on the recon struction of the so — called Palace of Tihua

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

P R U D E N C I O

FE RM IN PRUDENCIO

S old i er .

’ FER M I N PR UD EN CI O was born in La Paz

1 8 0 . on the twelfth of October , 5 After ﬁnishing his education he devoted himself to a military career and rose rapidly in the

L 1 8 1 service . Second ieutenant in 7 , he was promoted to First Lieutenant in the follow

1 8 ing year; made Captain in April , 7 4; raised

‘ n 1 8 to the ra k of Maj or in January , 7 5;

in 1 8 8 - Colonel December , 9 ; B rigadier Gen

1 0 - eral in December , 9 5 , and Major General

1 1 8 . in September , 9 He took part in the revolutionary move ment against the Dicta tor Melgarej o and in l the 1 8 8 in revolution of 9 , when he fought r the impo tant battle of the Second Crucero . His mili ta ry services won for him a diploma

‘ of honour from the Bolivian As sembly of 1 8 1 7 , a diploma of honour from the Nation

H I S P A N I C N O T E S B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

al of 1 880 his Convention , a gold medal for participation in the battle of the Second u AI Cr cero , and the decoration Mérito awarded him by the Chilean Government . He has been President of the City Coun La on t wo as cil of Paz occasions , he served Governor of the Department of La Paz f or of War twelve years , and was Minister and of Colonization , Inspector General the Army , f has and chief Of the General Sta f . He also been entrusted with superintending t he of n completion important public buildi gs ,

“ Pre including the Government Palace , the fecture , and the Municipal Theatre . He married Manuela Rom ecin four children .

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

José S . Quinteros Q U I N T E R O S

TNTE R S . QU OS

L awy er; p u bl i c m an; S ec

' and V i ce- P resident of the Re u i p bl c.

O SE . I NTE ROS J S QU , the son of Bartolomé was Quinteros and Isabel Escobar , born in l n 1 H o 86 . e Potosi the ﬁrst of November , 9 received hi s education in Sucre and gradu ated from the Law School of the University of Chuquisaca (Sucre) in 1 889 . The year after hi s graduation he was ap- l pointed Professor of Public Law In the Uni - versity and held that position for many a n his ye rs , devoti g himself to law practice i and tak ng no active part in politics . His repu ta tion as an able lawyer won him an appointment to the Superior Cou rt of Oruro

n i n 1 0 0 when a vaca cy occu rred 9 . In 1 903 he entered political life when he was elected l i Deputy for Paria , and the follow ng year

A N D M O N O G R A P H S B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

was chosen President of the Chamber . From 1 90 5 to 1 90 9 he was Minister Of War and Colonization and his earnest appeals t o the Legislative Chambers played no small part in their approval in 1 90 7 of the law making

1 1 0 military service compulsory . In 9 he was i elected , by a large major ty , Senator for the Department of Chuquisaca and in the same year was appointed Governor of

1 1 Cochabamba . In 9 3 he was appointed

Minister of Justice and Labou r. As early as 1 9 1 4 the name o f Seii or Quinteros was frequently mentioned as a probable candi date for the Presidency of the Republic; but rather than divide the Liberal Party with f which he had been a ﬁliated since his youth , he gave his support to one of his rivals and accepted the nomination for Second Vice

President , a post to which he was elected in

1 1 1 1 9 7 . In 9 8 he also exercised the duties of Minister of the Interior and in 1 9 1 9 agai n held the portfolios of Wa r and Colonization He has published the following works :

Derecho admi ni strativo 1 88 Derecho ub , 9 ; p l i co consti tu ci onal 1 8 8 Tem as de estado , 9 ; and

0 1 (a Sociological study) 1 9 .

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

R A D A

AGUSTIN DE RADA

Oﬁi ci a l .

AG U ST IN D E RA DA was born in La Paz on 1 8 2 son a the ninth of October , 7 , the of Juli n re de Rada and Clementina Sanj ines . He | ceived his early education in the Colegio

Ayacucho , from which he obtained the de gree of Bachelor of Arts and Sciences . He then entered the La w School of the Univer sit San y of Andrés , graduated with the de Licenciat e Law gree of in , passed a brilliant examination before the Superior District

Court and was admitted to the Bar . He soon found himself occupied in those political activities which have ﬁlled his life . In I 895 he was appointed Secretary of the i 1 8 Audit ng Committee of Paria , in 9 7 Chief

1 8 Clerk of the Chamber of Deputies , in 99 and 1 900 Chief Clerk of the National Con vent ion 1 0 of , and in 9 9 Chief Clerk the

H I S P A N I C N O T E S B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

Senate . Seho t Rada has not only been prominent in public life , bu t has contributed greatly t o the social and aesthetic life of his native of city . The rare collection Colonial and Indian relics in his private museum i s i n i n f a itself an ed u cat b in the history o Bolivi . He has been President of the Gymnastic Club of La Paz ; Vice —President of the Franco Pacefi a Shooting Club and President

Of the Centro Artistico . He is Corresponding

Member of the Legal Club of Madrid . In 1 9 1 2 be compiled a volume entitled

" E stadi sti ca parl am entari a de B olivi a and

A n ari os l e i sl ativos edited the u g . He has also been a contribu tor to the magazine

mi ento .

H I S P A N I C N O T E S ernm ent h positions , among them the ead; ship of the Section of Boundaries in t he Min. i of ist ry Of Foreign Relations . At the t me

' ’ the i nauguration of President Baltazar Brum Of Uruguay he acted the Bolivian ambassador Ricardo At the present time he holds the pos t of

Consul in Juj uy (Argentina) . R I C H T E R

ALFREDO RICHTER

S old i er .

AL FR EDO R I C HTE R was born in the town

1 880 . of Sorata on the twelfth of May , He received his ﬁrst inst ruction in the art o f as warfare cadet in the War College , then B i n s n under the direction of Casimiro r a d O . Before he had reached the age o f nineteen he L had won the rank of Second ieutenant , and then founded in Oruro the scientiﬁc a E l Cad ete literary , and military m gazine , , which for a time counted among its contri butors such well - known writers as Sanchez

Bustamante , Valentin Abecia , Rosendo Vil o l al obos d e , Eduardo D iez Medvina , Clodo miro Montes and Pastor Baldi ieso . He studied in Argentina and afterwards n in France , where he won a diploma in the

Artillery School of Chalons . On his return was ta f was he appointed to the General S f,

A N D M O N O G R A P H S B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y charged with the organization of the Ma chine —Gun Regiment and instructed many ﬁ soldiers and of cers in the use of that arm . He reached the rank of Colonel in 1 9 1 9 and at the present time he occupies the position of Adjutant —General in the War Depart ment . has of H e written a Catechism the Soldier ,

— which still serves as a text book in the army ,

— of u se t o . and a Theory Fire , also in day Among his other works are a set of tables of

- fortiﬁ atmospheric pressure , a text book on n cation and one o ballistics . He a member of numerous committ ees on " on military regulations , reforms in military of laws , etc . , and during the greater part his life has taught College

Military School .

H I S P AN I C N O T E S

B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y and on which he has also contributed nu m erou s articles to the medical j ournals of Ar

ina 1 1 ent . g In January , 9 9 , he accepted the Chair Of Gynaecology and Obstetrics in O f And res re the Medical School San , but ’ signed his professorship after three months service . In 1 9 1 5 he married Elena Calvo and has

two children .

H I S P A N I C "N O T E S R O C H A D E B A L L I V I A N

E LISA ROCHA DE BALLIVIAN

A rti s t .

E LI S A ROC HA D E B A LL I V I AN was born in a Coch bamba , where she received her ﬁrst i educa tion in art . Possess ng a natural apti tude for painting and an unusual amount of " s he perseverance , made rapid strides in her profession . At the beginning of her artistic career she reproduced with grea t success E l M arti ri o d e S an B a rtolomé i , a work of R bera in the ca thedral in Sucre . Among her early orig inal pictu res the most notable is perhaps a

- i life size study of Sa nt John the Baptist , now in the church of the Jesuits in Cocha l oi bamba . She has also painted a number landsca pes that are considered unusual for the stamp of personality and the truth - l A fulness of their lines . mong her works those most worthy of mention are Daz a

A N D M O N O G R A P H S B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

des u és Camarones General A chci B olivar p , , ,

Tri nidad u nebre Devoci on Rebeca en l a f , , fu ente. After travelling through Chile to com l et e she m p her studies , arried and settled La h is irec in Paz . At the present time s e d tor of a school of art in that city and gives an annual exhibition the work

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y his appointment as Chief Clerk in the Min ist r of 1 08 y Finance of 9 , he soon became a recgonised expert in all questions affecting

1 1 0 the National Exchequer . In 9 he was of L L appointed Secretary egation in ima , and i n 1 9 1 3 Inspector General of Customs . In the same year he became Minister of

Finance . Among the new laws in the ﬁeld of ﬁnance for which he then became respon sible are the Banking Unity Act and the

Law governing the Tobacco monopoly . 011 ﬁn Dr . Roj as has written extensively ancial ' topics , his principal works being ' Cu esti ones economi cas na nci eras La y ﬁ , Paz ,

1 0 L a M oneda de oro en B ol ivi a L 9 9; , ima ,

1 1 2 H i s tori a nanci era d e B ol ivi a La 9 ; ﬁ , Paz ,

1 1 6 B ocetos La 9 ; , literary articles , Paz ,

E Dr M ontes l a ol i ti ca l iberal La 1 1 8 l . 9 ; y p ,

1 1 8 . Paz , 9

H I S P A N I C N O 'T E S

B O L I V I A N S O F T O — D A Y ector of the Meteorological Observatory of

1 0 1 La Paz . From 9 9 until 9 1 1 he was professor in the Agrarian and Veterinary Institute and from 1 9 1 2 to 1 9 1 9 professor in the Medical Faculty of the University of

La Paz . At the present time he is Head of the Department of Statistics in that city . He is a member of many scientiﬁc and t literary socie ies , among others the Inter national Academy oi Botany of Le Mans of (France) , the Scientiﬁc Society Chile , the La Geographical Society of Paz , and the An thropological Society of Sucre . His published works include : N oci ones de hi stori a natu ral N oci ones de a ri cu l tu ra , g , Lecturas a ri col as P ci i nas di s ersas E u g , g p , sa o de rehi stori a ameri cana Fl ora de y p , and P La az .

H I S P A N I C N O T E S A V E D R A A B D ON S A ,

ABDON SAAVE DRA

Lawy er; pu bl i c man.

B DON AA VE D R A son Z ené n A S , the of Saa La vedra and Josefa Mollea , was born in

in 1 8 2 his Paz 7 . He received education in his native city where he attended the Uni And res versity of San , graduated with the r Licenciat e Law was deg ee of in , and later admitted to the Bar . Although Schor Saavedra has devoted hi mself assiduously to his professional prac tice he has also ta ken part in the pu blic life f i a o Bolivia . Appo nted Assist nt Secretary

s in 1 0 of the Trea ury 9 4 , he held this post

n 1 06 an w in 0 u til 9 d as reappointed 1 9 7 . Three years later he was elected Deputy for v of Om as in os 1 1 2 the pro ince g , and in 9 f 1 1 8 chosen President o the Chamber . In 9 he was elected Senator for the Department of La Paz and holds this position at the pre

A N D M O N O G R A P H S He is a member of the Geogr aphi cal

i s t president .

Bautista Saavedra S A A V E D R A , B A U T I S T A

BAUTISTA SAAVE DRA

P r nt o the Re u bli c eside f p .

A TI STA AAV EDR A B U S , the son of Zenon

Saavedra and Josefa Mollea , was born on i 1 8 0 La the th rtieth of Augu st , 7 , in his Paz . He received his education in native city , graduated from the University with the degree of Licenciat e in Law and Political Science and in 1 896 was admitted to the Bar . In 1 89 7 he obtained in open competition the position of Professor in the Faculty of Law and Political Science in the Uni ver

1 0 1 sit y of La Paz . In 9 he married Julia

Bustillos . In 1 903 he was appointed Director of the Boundary Commission and in the following year was commissioned by the Government to study the historic documents relating to

Bolivia in the archives of Spain . After two

A N D M O N O G R A P H S B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y years of labour abroad he returned to his

1 0 country , and during the years 9 7 and 1 90 8 served as the Bolivian Attorney before the Argentine Board of Arbitration in the e u a boundary disput between Per nd Bolivia . f After this di ﬁculty was settled , he served for two years as Minister of Public I nst ru c tion and in 1 9 1 2 and 1 9 1 3 as Minister to of Peru . In May the following year he was elected Senator from the Department of La

of 1 2 0 led the revolution July twelfth , 9 , and in the subsequent elections held on January

- ﬁ fth 1 2 1 si e of. twenty , 9 , was chosen Pre d nt the Republic . He has published a sociological study of

— E l A l u the pre colonial period , entitled y l , u on which has passed thro gh two editions , e

1 0 1 1 in 9 3 and another in 9 3 .

B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

He participated in the Acre campaign of 1 903 as Chief Surgeon of the Ambulance e Corps , and received the diploma Benem rito de la Patria and a gold medal in recog f I n 1 1 was nit ion o his services . 9 7 he sent as a delegate to the Pan - American Scientiﬁ c

Congress in Washington . At the present time he is D ean of the Medical Faculty of the f An r s University o San d e . He is the author of various scientiﬁ c on works , among them a treatise Military Hygiene which has been adopted as a text book by the Military Schools of Bolivia .

H I S P A N I C N O T E S S A I N Z

ANTONIO JOSE DE SAINZ

AN TON I O J osé D E S A I NZ was born in Po

1 8 r tosi in 94 , and eceived his early training i in the schools of that city , obta ning his de gree as WBachelor of Arts and Science in 1 9 1 0 . ishing to broaden his education he went to Belgium , and there pursued courses in Mining and E ngineering and while abroad published , in Belgium , two Ri ti mos de Lu cha 1 1 volumes of verse , , in 9 3 ,

Cantos del S endero 1 1 . and , in 9 4 Since his return to Bolivia in 1 9 1 5 he has devoted himself to mining in the province r n of Ca a gu as . In spite of the demands made upon hi s time by thi s exacting occu ation p , he played a prominent part in the ’ of L a Croni ca of 1 1 6 founding Oruro in 9 , and in the same year presented a poeti re cal composition at the Floralia , which

A N D M O N O G R A P H S B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

eive 1 1 c d the award of he ﬁ rst prize . In 9 9

he was appointed Clerk in. the Ministry of Foreign Relations and holds this p05 1 ti on

at the present time .

B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y ed to the Senate for the further period of

— 1 1 1 9 1 0 9 6 . Thereafter he was returned to the H ouse as Deputy for La Paz

A ﬂuent and impressive orator , Dr . Sala

was t o - t manca , gether wi h General Pando ,

Bau tista Saavedra , Armando Mendez and one of of Re their friends , the founders the publican party and at the Republican Con vent ion which met in 1 9 1 4 at Oruro was s proclaimed Party leader , a p o t which he retained until 1 9 1 9 when he beca me h ono

1 1 a rary chief of the party . In 9 6 he w s a candidate for the Vice - Presidency of the was e Republic but d feated , has e e Dr . Salamanca p u blish d a coll ction of his speeches on ﬁnancial questions and has ready press

V a l or

B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

it s M n by present director , Humberto u oz

Cornej o , who entrusted to him the post of editor , a position which he still holds . Apart from his work in connection with

‘ La n the newspapers of Paz , Se or Salas was also editor of the Proceedings of the Cham ber of Deputies during the years 1 9 1 7 and

1 1 8 1 1 9 , an onerou s post ; and in 9 9 , when Fabian Vaca Chavez was appointed General n Inspector of Public Instruction , Se or Salas was made Secretary of that department . In 1 9 1 5 he pu blished in La Paz a collee tion of newspaper articles under

B reves H i stori as .

H I S P A N I C N O T E S‘ S A N C H E Z

PLACHXD SANCHE Z

l P u b i c m an .

PLACI D O SANCH EZ was born in Santa

ﬁ 1 8 . re Cru z on the fth of January , 7 7 He ceived his secondary education in his native and i i city , , devot ng h mself to the study of

law , entered the University of San Andrés in La of Paz , where after the completion his studies he was admitted to the Bar in

1 898 . He began his public career as Secretary to the Governor of Santa Cruz . Soon after his L appointment , however , the iberal Party u rged him to become a candidate for

Deputy . Resigning his secretaryship , he agreed to stand as candida te and was elect in ed Deputy for Santa Cruz , serving this 1 00 1 0 capacity from 9 to 1 904 . In 9 5 he was elected a member of the city council of La Paz and was chosen Vice - President and

A N D M O N O G R A P H S B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

f t h fol later President o the Council . In e lowing year he was agan elected Deputy for Santa Cruz and in the course ‘ Of his term of ofﬁ ce held the post of Secretary and

- e Vice President of the Chamb r . On the ’ completion of his four years service he was made President Of the Liberal party in Santa 1 1 1 Cruz . In 9 he was National Delegate for the Eastern districts of the Republic and fol in 1 9 1 2 Governor of Santa Cruz . The lowing year the then President Montes offered him the portfolio of Justice and L abour , which he accepted . member of the Medical Institute of Sucre and of the Medical Society of Chile . He 1 5 the author of various papers on Medicine and Surgery published in the Re reports in conne x ion with hi s work as

He married one child . S A N JI N E Z

JULIO SANJI NE Z

r A my oﬁi cer .

’ I O SAN I N E Z J UL J , the son of Guillermo San inez i i was j and Qu nt na Barrenechea , o oc a b rn in C h bamba on the eighth of May ,

1 886 .

i r He chose for h mself a milita y career, for which he studied for some time in the i i a 5 m l t ry school of Argentina , afterward |

going to Ge rmany to perfect his training . his Returning to native country , he rose l i n v i rapid y the ser ice , be ng raised from 5Second Lieutenant to the rank of First Lieu in r 1 0 6 Ca tenant Feb uary , 9 , promoted p n 1 0 8 in tai in March , 9 , advanced to Major 1 1 Lieu t en February , 9 3 , and to the rank of

- ant in 1 1 6 . Colonel December , 9 At the present tim e he is in command of the First a i Abaro Cavalry Reg ment . He has been honoured with the decora

A N D M O N O G R A P H S

S A N T I V A N E Z

i nnsEs SANi i vANE z

Teacher; wri ter; p u bli c

oﬁ ci al .

Mors Es ANTI V ANE son of S Z , the Felipe a an Mcrl o S ntiv ez and Melchora , was born r of 1 860 on the thi teenth September , , at his Sucre . There he received early educa tion and went on to La Paz t o study law . 1 8 1 8 From 7 7 to 7 9 , when he Obtained his Licenciat e Law was degree of in , he a mem f of La Democra ci a ber of the editorial sta f , and in 1 883 was one of the founders of E l

Di ari o . In the War of the Paciﬁc he j oined the : Colorados battalion as Lieutenant and was ta ken prisoner at the battle of Al to de la

Al ianza . He took part also in three cam ai ns p g against Brazil at Acre , served through ’ six the months siege of that place , from u 1 0 2 1 0 as Aug st , 9 , to January , 9 3 , and a

A N D M O N O G R A P H S B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y member of the Romero delegation had a of part in arranging the terms its surrender . He has ofﬁ ciated as Governor of the Prov in of 1 1 1 1 6 ce Tarij a , and from 9 3 to 9 was

Inspector General of the Police Department . His 1 1 2 educational work dates from 9 , when he was appointed Professor of Geo graphy and Bolivian History in the ’ Teachers Training College at Sucre . He subsequently became Chief Inspector of Schools to the city of La Paz and Director of the National Library . In 1 9 1 8 he was a member of the Council of Uyuni and for a time served as its presi dent . an Dr . Santiv ez is a frequent contributor

E l Ttem o of La to p Paz , and has ready for publication a volume of speeches delivered in the Normal Schools of Sucre , the Military and m i Club , in the schools and the A er can

Institute of La Paz .

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

acted as its Chairman . In the last named year he was elected by of the Senate , Judge the High Court of Santa Cruz— an ofﬁce which he resigned after a short time to accept the appoint ment of u nder Secretary of State in t he Ministry of Justice and Industry to resume of it again at the close his term .

H I S P A N I C N O T E S S E R R U D O V A R G A S

LUIS SE RRUDO VARGAS

P u bli c ma n.

L I S S E RRUD O A RG AS of U V , the son Nica

Serru d o nor and Aurelia Vargas , was born in the city of Potosi on the twenty - ﬁ ft h of

1 8 6 August , 7 , and there received his educa

tion . He graduated from the National

School of Pichincha , and , entering the Uni of Licenciat e versity , obtained the degree

Law . in . He was later admitted to the Bar After ﬁnishing his studies he devoted

himself for a time to teaching , but soon abandoned this calling for the wider ﬁeld

1 8 of political life . In 99 he was appointed o f Secretary to the Governor Potosi , in the following year was elected Deputy for L 1 0 North and South ipez , and in 9 4 Deputy l for Potosi . In this year also he was married

to Sofia Solares . He has four children . At the close of his four - year term of ofﬁce

A N D M O N O G R A P H S B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y he was appointed assistant Secretary of

L 1 8 0 . 1 1 1 abour , and in 9 Tax Referee In 9 he was elected substitute - Deputy for the L Province of inares , the following year substitute - Depu ty f or the province of Chi 1 1 2 of chas , and in 9 Member the City Coun

of 1 1 wa cil Potosi . In 9 3 he s appointed Lieutenant Governor of the Province of

Porco . Since that time he has devoted the greater part of his time to his mining inter ests in Turqu i (Potosi) . He has taken an active interest in j our~ m one of of La E s alism , being the founders trell a d el S u r of Potosi and editing for a time E l Ti empo of Potosi and later E l Di ari o of La Paz . He is a member of numerous social

literary societies .

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

Hernando Siles S I L E S

HE RNANDO SILE S

Rector of the Universi ty of

S a n Franci sco X avi er .

ER NAND O I E S H S L , the son of Adolfo Siles was on and Remedios Reyes , born in Sucre 1 88 1 the ﬁfth of August , , and there received hi s higher educatvion in the University of San Francisco Xa ier , from which he grad u a t ed with the degree of Bachelor of Arts and Sciences and in 1 90 5 was admitted to the Bar . After practising law for some time he transferred hi s residence to La Paz where from 1 9 1 1 to 1 9 1 7 he taught Civi l Law in the

in 1 1 2 School of Commerce , and 9 was Chief f Clerk in the Depart ment o Justice . But in 1 9 1 8 he was recalled to Sucre to ﬁll the post of Rector of the Uni versity of San

Francisco Xavier , which position he holds

- to day .

A N D M O N O G R A P H S B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

Sefior Siles is generally recognized as an 1 1 8 authority in law . In 9 he was made Honorary Professor of the Law Faculty of U of the niversity Chuquisaca , and in the same year was commissioned by the Senate to compile the history and j urisprudence of

Bolivian parliamentary law . He has writ ten several important treatises , including ' ' Godi o Civi l Coci i o P enal 1 1 1 P ro g , g , 9 , and cedi mi ento Civi l comm en , published with La taries and concordance in Paz in 1 9 1 8 . In the compilation of the latter the au thor made an extended visit to Chile , where he of made a study of it s code laws .

H I S P A N I C N O T E S commun i cat i on S U A R E Z P E D R O ,

PE DRO SuARE z

S oldi er; ex pl orer; diplomat.

EDRO ARE son a P S U Z , the of Pedro Su rez i and Cornelia Sarabia , was born in Apr l , 1 866 , at Santa Ana , the capital of the prov ince of Tacuma; bu t at an early age he left i was w th his parents for England , where he ’ educated at St . Edmund s College and ’ L King s College , ondon , and qualiﬁed as a l Civi E ngi neer . On retu rning to his native country he entered the Army , served there with dis tinction du ring three campaigns and rose to the rank of colonel . At various times he has headed exploring expeditions to the banks of the Amazon and has done much useful work in clearing up disputed ques tions concerning the little - known tribu taries of the great river . In the yea r 1 890 he was elected a member

A N D M O N O G R A P H S B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

of i 1 8 6 of the Chamber Deput es , and in 9 was appointed Consul at Para, Brazil ; in 1 89 7 he was chosen secretary of the Bolivian mission to England on the occasion of Queen ’ was su bse Victoria s Diamond Ju bilee , and quently appointed Military Attaché to the of Court Saint James . He was special en

' vo at the y . coronation of King Alfonso in

1 0 2 1 0 6 . 9 , and again at his marriage in 9 In 1 1 was a 9 3 he appointed Minister to Engl nd . Colonel Su arez has been Vice - President of the Association of Foreign Consuls in the r of B itish Empire , and President the Ibero He is American Benevolent Society . an associate member of the Institute of Civil Engineers and Fellow of the Royal Geogra hical o ei eis f of p S c t o England and Portugal .

He is , moreover , the holder of the following decorations : the Grand Cross of Isabel the Catholic of Spain; the Chain and Star of Santiago of Portugal; the Queen Victoria ’ Diamond Jubilee Medal; King Edward s ,

“ ’ Cor Coronation Medal , and King George s om onation Medal . He is also Knight C mander of the Order of Charles I I I of Spain of Knight the Conception of Portugal , and

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

T A B O R G A

RAFAE L TABORGA

B u si ness man; pu bli c man.

R A FAE L T AB ORG A was born in Sucre in

1 880 , studied in the Junin school of that city and in 1 896 obtained the degree of

Bachelor of Arts and Sciences . He then took up the study of law and in 1 898 t e ceived the degree of Bachelor of Laws . He devoted himself wholly to bu sineSS | i 1 06 nterests until 9 , when he was elected

President of the City Council of Abaroa . The following year he returned to business i ti in . l fe , attemp ng to develop his mines

Oruro but wi th little success . Some time after thi s u nsuccessfu l attempt at mining i he aga n entered public life , was elected President of the City Council of Potosi in 1 1 i h 9 3 , appo nted C ief of Police in that i in 1 1 i c ty 9 4 , and Adm nistrator of the Post

Othee in La Paz in 1 9 1 5 . In that year he

H I S P A N I C N O T E S B O L I V I A N S O F T O — D A Y

f made another e fort to exploit his mines , and this time met with such notable su c cess as to become in a comparatively short i one t me of the rich men of Bolivi a . In 1 9 1 8 he was appointed Secretary of the B0 livian E mbassy to the inauguration of on re President Pessoa of Brazil , and his turn was elected President of the City of La ﬁ Council Paz , an of ce which he holds

present time .

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

B O L I V I A N S O F T O — D A Y

party . Franz Tamayo has also taken his place in of the literary life Bolivia . At the age of his Odas La twenty , published in Paz , met with praise from no less an authority than

Rubén Dario . These poems were followed

P roverbi os sobre l a vida el arte l a ci enci a by , y ,

La 1 0 . 1 1 0 La Paz , 9 9 In 9 he published ’ creaci on de l a eda o i a naci onal p g g , in which of he deals with the education the Indian , one of the great problems of Bolivia . His Horaci o el arte li ri co pamphlet entitled y ,

La 1 1 Paz , 9 5 , was well received , both in

South America and in Spain , and his latest

La P rom eteida work , , a tragedy in verse ,

also with favou rable comment .

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

ﬁ ed r monetary system for North , Cent al and

Gut i errez Guerra .

ect s j , he has pu blished

L 1 0 . ondon , 9 9

B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y tice of medicine in the clinic of Doctor Lag lyze and remained in the Argentine capital

1 1 until 9 3 . Returning to his country , he was appointed in 1 9 1 4 Professor of Ophthal m ol o gy , a position which he holds at the 1 1 present time . Since 9 7 he has also held the post of Surgeon Oculist in the Bolivian

Army .

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

Adol fo Trigo Achft

B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

this position at the present time . . Like most public men of Bolivia he has interested himself in j ournalism . He La N u eva E ra 1 8 6 was fre founded in 9 , a E l Re orter 1 0 quent contributor to p in 9 4, E l Cardcter 1 06 one of and to in 9 , and was a P atr 1 1 the founders of L i a in 9 1 3 . In 897 he published a short work of a political na La P oli ti ca emeni na Gobi erno ture , f

A l onso .

H I S P A N I C N O T E S U G A R T E D E S A L A M A N C A .

S ARA UGARTE DE SALAMANCA

P oetess .

' ARA G A RTE D E A A M AN CA S U S L , a member of one of the distinguished families Of Coch 1 866 abamba , was born in that city in , where she also received her education in the “ " Liceo 1 4 de Setiembre t hePaciﬁ c At the time of the war of , when Bolivia was struggling to care for the wounded and those suffering from sickness she one and hunger , though still a child , was of the most faithf ul attendants in the CO

chabam ba hospitals . She has publ ished numerous poems under

the pseudonym of Clora , but the greater part of her compositions are known only t o litera ry circles in which they have been pre f sen ted by her . She is the author o a eriti ’ cal oi Lou rdes study Zola s , and has contri buted a number of articles to La Revi sta cd

A N D M O N O G R A P H S B O L I V I A N S O F T O — D A ‘Y

Sefi ora de Salamanca also stud ied paint she has of ing , for which shown a measure n r of of talent , and has produced a umbe

one of Una carid ad was canvases , which , , awarded a prize in the exhibition of paint

1 0 ing in 89 . Sh e married the well - known public man e of and lead r the Republican Party , Daniel Salamanca was one of the founders and the manager of

Clodoveo Urioste

B O L I V I A N S O F T O — D A Y

l i f As - r o u t on o 1 898 . substitute Senato he represented Chuquisaca (Sucre) in the Con gress of 1 904 and with Senator Daniel Sala manca initiated the important measure to substitute a gold for a silver standard . In 1 9 1 8 he was elected Senator for - the Depart ment of Chuquisaca and in the legislatures of 1 9 1 8 and 1 9 1 9 held the post of Chairman the Committee on

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

Jo05s 6 Ml aced onio Urquidi

B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

Ferrocarri l E l H eraldo La Ta rde an L , , d a Republ i ca and has been ed itor - in- chief of

tri f La P a a . In the ﬁeld o educ ation he has won the rank of Professor in the Uni

L w Public a . He followed his early literary su ccess with

' ‘ heroi co; Los d ip u tados al to—p eru anos en el

crdti ca V i ed zna , and y V A C A C H A V E Z

E ABI AN VACA CHAVEZ

t P u bli c m an; wri er .

AB I AN A CA HAV E son F V C Z , the of Napo le6n Vaca and Florinda Chavez was born in i vi Tr nidad , Beni Pro nce , on the twenty

1 88 1 . second of June , He received his edu in n La cation Tri idad , Santa Cruz and Paz and holds the degrees of Bachelor of Ar ts and Licencia t e in Political and Social

Sciences . He married Norah Velarde Cronenbold and has two children . After being admitted to the Bar he was for a time editor of the proceedings of the Senate and in 1 90 1 was appointed Governor

1 0 of Beni . In 9 5 he was made Secretary of the Postal Admini stration and from 1 90 8 to 1 9 1 2 represented his department in the ca acit ﬁ I n p y of Deputy , after lling the post of spector of Public Instru ction in Boli via .

A N D M O N O G R A P H S ‘ pu blished the following works : P or el or i ente

Ismael V asquez vAS Q U E Z

ISMAE L vASQUE Z

a r u l i m an L wy e ; p b c .

S M AE AS E son V as I L V QU Z , the of Donato

V irrei ra quez and Dominga , was born on the

- 1 86 twenty fourth of September , 9 , in Coch abamba and was educated in the schools of his native town and at the University of San

Simon . There also he taught , ﬁrst in the i National School , and later , on complet ng in his law studies , the University , giving the courses in Public , International , and w Administrative La . Subsequently he served also as Professor of Political Econ om La w be y and the Philosophy of , leaving hind him a brilliant record as a faithful and able teacher . In 1 896 he was elected Deputy for Coch abamba and entered upon the public service ha h which s since ﬁlled is life . Elected upon a Liberal programme and as a member of the

A N D M O N O G R A P H S B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

L iberal Party , he consistently supported the principles with which he began his poli tical career . He opposed the treaties of 1 895 and 1 896 by which Bolivian territory was transferred to Chile; he opposed the l aw making Sucre the permanent seat of govern on ment , predicting that it would bring civil war — which in fact resulted — and he gave his utmost support t o the railway pro ect o j for the development f Cochabamba . H e had a prominent and inﬂuential part in of 1 8 the Constituent Convention 99 , follow 1 8 8 ing the Civil War of 9 , and led in that as sem bl y the Federalist group . On a number of occasions he has served as member and President of the Municipal Council of Coch f or abamba , always battling improved local conditions , local autonomy , better educa tion , and better hygiene . In 1 900 and again in 1 9 1 0 he was elected t o the Senate , in which ﬁeld also he fought many battles in support of his political con n in victio s . He defended the territorial

‘ t egrity of Bolivia and secured the defeat of the treaties with Chile; he defended the re l igiou s marriage rite and the Church schools

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

‘ hl et s zeOn p , and has been a frequent V E L A S C O G A L V A R R O

E NRIQUE VE LASCO GALV ARRO

aw r u d L y e ; j ge .

N RI E E ASCO GA LV ARRO son E QU V L , the of Francisco Velasco and Saturnina Soria " Gal varro was 1 8 1 , born in the year 7 in r was O uro and there educated , ﬁrst in the in Colegio , Bolivar , whence he graduated 1 888 in , and afterwards the University , where he studied law and won the title of i

Advocate in 1 893 . In the same year began his Ofﬁ cial career as Secretary of the Superior Court of Oru ro . In 1 898 he was made Attorney for one of the wards of the city and in the following year Judge of the ward . Meantime he had

- been elected substitute Deputy for Oruro , bu t he was not called upon to serve and suff ered no interruption in his j udicial

1 0 2 career . In 9 he was made Judge of the Superior Court and seven years later be

A N D M O N O G R A P H S

B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

his progress of native city , he gave his best f t o im rovem ent and e forts for two years its p , to him is due the construction of the present building . During this period he also found time to act as Secretary and Treasurer of Yu n as the g Company , a position which he

- held for twenty six years .

1 8 é In 7 4 , with Claudio Pinilla and Jos Ci rcu l o Li ter Vicente Ochoa , he founded the ari o of , a literary club composed the younger generation of writers . In 1 885 Seﬁ or Villalobos was appointed attaché to the Bolivian Legation in Lima and arrived in that city a few days after General Caceres had expelled President his in Iglesias . During stay Peru he made the acquaintance of such well —known writers

L . as Ricardo Palma , uis B Cisneros , and a Manuel Gonz lez Prada , and took an active part in the intellectual life of the capital . At one of the meetings of the Ateneo he was formally presented t o the literary group and he became known to the reading public at large by frequent contributions to the Re vi s ta S oci al and E l P eru I l u s trado and by a art ra volume of poems entitled De m i c e .

H I S P A N I C N O T E S V I L L A L O B O S

La 1 886 Retu rning to Paz in , he published in th e foll owing year another book of verse Aves de as o i l 1 8 0 p , wh ch was fol owed in 9 by m i as l M e or de coraz on . , published in Paris In 1 897 he brought out Oci os cru el es which met with such favour that another edition

n 1 1 1 was pri ted in 9 . This deserves to be considered as a separate book since it con tains many poems not included in the former n edition . Another collection of poems e titled Ha ci a el olvido was published in La

Paz in 1 906 . Of late years Sefi or Villalobos has taken

1 00 a prominent part in pu blic life . In 9 he was Deputy to the National Convention chief ofﬁ cial of the Ministry of Colonization 1 0 2 1 0 in 9 and 9 3 , President of the Chamber

1 0 6 in 1 1 0 - 1 1 of Deputies in 9 , and 9 Prefect of the Department of La Paz . Du ring the years 1 9 1 2 — 1 7 he was Director General of

Posts and Telegraphs . He has been honoured also by election to the Presidency of the La Paz Clu b and of the Sucre Society . He is a member of the Association of Writers and Artists of e Madrid , and Corresponding memb r of the

A N D M O N O G R A P H S Ceremonies of

Eliodoro Villazon V I L L A Z O N

ELIODORO VILLAZ ON

Lawy er; p u bl i c ma n; ex

r P esident of B ol ivi a .

E L I OD OR O V I LLAZON was born on the

- of 1 8 8 twenty second January , 4 , in Sacaba , a village in the neighbourhood of Cocha bamba , the principal city of Southern Boli via , in whose schools and university he gain ed hi s education and was prepared for ad

t o . mission the Bar Meantime , while he was bo still a y of fourteen , he had disclosed his nat ive bent and aptitude for pu blic affairs in articles whi ch he contribu ted to

E l Federal i sta . He had hardly attained hi s maj ority when he was elected Deputy for Cochabamba and gave evidence of intel was lectual force and patriotism . He next 1 8 1 chosen a member of the Assembly Of 7 , but he did not reveal his full powers as a po l liti ca leader until he was called upon to ta ke

A N D M O N O G R A P H S B O L I V I A N S O F T O — D A Y

part in the memorable National Convention

of 1 8 0 8 . The marked ﬁnancial ability which he then displayed resulted in his se lection by General Campero as Secretary of the Treasury and in his appointment soon afterwards as Financial Agent of Bolivia in

Europe . An earnest supporter of Liberal principles Villazon never ceased his advocacy Of the programme of his party and on his return from Europe continued with new zeal to spread its ideas , meantime labouring with energy and success to win a worWthy place among the lawyers of Bolivia . hen the 1 8 8 ou t revolution of 9 broke , he plunged into the thick of it and was instrumental in winning Potosi over to the side of La

Paz . In the following year he was a mem e ber of the Constitutional Conv ntion , where he exercised a moderating inﬂuence .

1 0 0 In 9 General Pando , who had been chosen President on the restoration of the

Constitution , appointed Villazon to the post corresponding to that of Minister of Foreign f ﬁ A fairs , a position which he lled with dig m ﬁ re ity , particularly in the dif cult duty of

H I S P A N I C N O T E S

B O L I V I A N S O F T O — D A Y

placed popular education on a s ounder foot e

1 9 1 3 General Montes recognised his distin gu ished servi ces by appointing him Minis ter h u i to Argentina , a post w ich he occ pied unt l

1 1 9 7 . He afterwards remained in Buenos u blic Aires , where he lives retired from p life .

José Victor Zaconeta

of one Company Colquiri , owner of of the richest tin deposits in the province of I n i ivi u s . q , and still holds this position He married Amalia Quiroga Gam u cio in

1 890 and has six children . has He taken an active part in public life . From 1 900 to 1 903 he was a member of the the City Council of Oruro and held succes sivel of — y the posts Treasurer , Vice President , f D rin and President o the Council . h g the years 1 904 and 1 90 5 he was Director of I n struction and of the Treasury in Oruro and

0 in 1 9 1 he was elected Senator . The years 1 9 1 4 and 1 9 1 5 saw him a member Of the on i Committee National Av ation , and in

1 1 8 — of 9 , Vice President the Electoral Board and a member of the Patriotic Committee in favour Of a port for Bolivia . Sefior Z aconet a has all his life been inter est ed in literature . He has been a regular of contributor to the Press his country , and ' E l Gol ota Fl ora is the author of the poems g , , and La

H I S P A N I C N O T E S Z A L L E S

JUAN MARIA ZALLE S

P u bli c m an.

AN MARi A ZAL LE S son L Zal J U , the of uis l in La les and Florencia Calderon , was born

Paz in 1 8 7 9 . He studied ﬁrst in the San al La C ixto school of Paz , where he com pl et ed the requirements for the degree of 1 8 2 Bachelor of Arts and Sciences in 9 , enter ed the La w School of the University of San w Andrés and in 1 89 7 as admitted to the Bar . 5 After the completion of hi s studies in the Uni versity he devoted himself for a time to 3

I n 1 0 busines s and j ournalism . 9 8 he was appointed Secretary to the Bolivian Lega in h in tion C ile , later the same year was i ’ made Cha rgé d affaires and in 1 909 Secre

"tary of Legati on in Buenos Aires . Since hi s retu rn to Bolivia he has held :

‘ l in : of La the fo low g posts Governor Paz , ' 1 1 0 of 1 1 2 oi 9 ; Minister War , 9 ; Minister

A N D M O N O G R A P H S B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

1 1 1 1 the Interior , 9 3; Minister to Peru , 9 7 ,

1 1 8 . and Senator , 9

i cessfu l for . , the Presidency His interest n

E l Di ari o E l Comerci o de B olivi a and ally , a

editor .

Z A M O R A

JULIO ZAMORA

P u bli c man.

J UL I O ZA M OR A w as born in Sucre in 1 87 4 He received his ea rly educa ti on in the Juni n School and afterwa rds studied law in the

Uni versity of San Francisco Xavi er . He left the Uni versity before receiving his de gree but was admitted to the Bar in 1 90 1 . For some yea rs he was associated wit h l the Tarija branch of the National Bank of ﬁ as as a Bolivia , rst Secretary , later C shier

1 0 and ﬁnal ly as Manager . In 9 4 he sever ed hi s connecti onwith the bank to ent er poli

l . tical ife Elected Depu ty for Sucre , he was re- elected at the ex piration of hi s four a in 1 08 and r ye r term 9 , du ing this period w was t ice chosen President of the Chamber . He was elected President of the City Coun ' cil in 1 1 0 of Sucre 9 , President of the City o n l r 1 1 2 C u ci of O uro in 9 , Senator for Chu

A M D M O N O G R A P H S u isaca 1 1 q (Sucre) in 9 4 , and Senator for 1 1 6 Oruro in 9 . On several occasions he has e been a memb r of the Cabinet , holding of 1 1 the portfolio the Treasury in 9 4 , and

f 1 1 1 1 that o the I nterior in 9 8 . In 9 9 he was sent as head of a special mission to the

United States Government . In 1 90 5 he published a compilation f nd i o the treaties between Bolivia a Ch le ,

’ and in the same year found ed the da-il y

a paper E l Dz rzo . He has also been inter est ed in the publication of the periodi cals

La P rensa of E l E co moderno La Re. Sucre , ,

vi sta de B livi a La N aci on. o , and

B O L I V I A N S O F T O - D A Y

subsidized by the Government . After dir ect in for g this school ten years , she was in 1 90 6 appointed head of a new primary for school girls in Cochabamba . This posi sh e tion still retains . Her liberal ideas In educational matters have met with much opposition on the part of the clerical group S in Cochabamba , and with them he has sus tained many a literary controversy , uphold ing her advanced ideas with considerable spirit In 1 9 1 4 she published wi th Ollendor ff of Paris a collection of her best poems under ’ ' of I i d a as oi the title f g , but the success this l im it ed as edition proved very , the outbreak

‘ of the European War int erru pt ed it s dist ri i a bu t on. Much of her work is difﬁcult of c of cess , as it is scattered in the magazines

of u nfort u n her country , many which have ately been shortlived . The following pu b li shed works , however , have met with

: E l M z s i onero with favourable comment _ ( a La 1 8 8 : prologu e by Claudio Pinilla) Paz , 7 N oche de esta I nti m as La 1 1 . ﬁ , and , Paz , 9 3

H I S P A N I C N O T E S