Eighth International Conference on Mars (2014) sess552.pdf
Thursday, July 17, 2014 POSTER SESSION: MODERN, DYNAMIC MARS: II 4:00 p.m. Dabney Hall and Garden
Titus T. N. Cushing G. E. Seasonal CO2 Ice Column Densities Determined from MGS TES Energy Balance [#1413] Using MGS TES data, the analysis of the Mars polar energy-balance models, a detailed seasonal CO2 ice column-density distribution, and a spatially-resolved determination of the summer heat stored in the regolith will be presented.
Pilorget C. Forget F. Edwards C. S. Ehlmann B. L. Seasonal Evolution of Surface CO2 Ice on Mars: Physical Processes and Impacts on Surface Properties [#1313] Critical results have been obtained these last few years regarding surface CO2 ice processes and evolution. These results have large implications with regards to the radiative budget of the planet and the surface and atmosphere properties.
Becerra P. Transient Bright “Halos” on the South Polar Residual Cap of Mars: Implications for Mass Balance [#1013] We report on observations of albedo features that appeared on the South polar Residual Cap during Mars Year 28. These features may provide insight into the mass balance of flat ice surfaces of the SPRC for the last four Mars Years.
Aye K.-M. Schwamb M. E. Hansen C. J. Portyankina G. Investigation of Polar Seasonal Fan Deposits Using Crowdsourcing [#1480] Crowdsourcing results are used to study polar seasonal fan deposits. Resulting time dependent wind maps provide input to GCM and mesoscale modeling and enable evaluations of CO2 gas jet contribution to polar dust cycle.
Portyankina G. Hansen C. J. Thomas N. Aye K.-M. Pommerol A. Seasonal Polar Caps of Mars in Spring: Cold Jet Activity Observed By MRO’s HiRISE and CRISM [#1380] We present a summary of the recent activities of observing and modeling early spring evolution of seasonal polar caps on meter scales with emphasis on processes related to the cold CO2 venting.
Thomas N. Hansen C. J. Pommerol A. Portyankina G. Numerical Models of Jet Activity Caused by Basal Sublimation of CO2 Ice. [#1068] We present a review of papers by the authors on numerical modelling of gas and dust jets seen in early southern spring on the seasonal CO2 ice cap. This includes models of the gas flow under the slab ice and implications for “spider” production.
Byrne S. Russell P. S. Pathare A. V. Becerra P. Molaro J. L. Mattson S. Mellon M. T. HiRISE Team Icy Polar Cliffs: Stressed Out and Falling to Pieces [#1257] Steep, icy, north polar cliffs are actively retreating through fracturing and blockfalls and additionally are scoured clean of dust by avalanches each spring. We explain this activity through modeling of thermoelastic stresses.
Russell P. S. Feleke S. Byrne S. Landslide Erosion Rates of North Polar Layered Deposit Cliffs and the Underlying Basal Unit [#1373] Steep polar scarps are geologically highly dynamic, with ~50 rock falls per year from the NPLD and icy BU layers. Rate by volume and seasonality constrain causes of fracturing and failure and have implications for polar landscape evolution.
Ossipian S. Brown A. J. How Fast can Water Ice Grains Grow on the Summertime Martian North Pole? [#1071] Utilizing General Circulation Modeling data as inputs, our computer model is approximating the water ice grain growth at the surface of the northern polar region of Mars. We then compare the results of the model with the CRISM data.
Eighth International Conference on Mars (2014) sess552.pdf
Brown A. J. Piqueux S. Titus T. N. Quantification of a Process of Multi-Year, Pole-Wide, Summertime H2O Ice Deposition on the CO2 Ice Cap of the South Pole of Mars [#1100] We report below that an as-yet-undetermined process causes the magnitude of H2O ice signatures on the southern cap to rise steadily throughout summer, particularly on the west end of the cap. We attempt first quantization of said process.
Kuroda T. Medvedev A. S. Kasaba Y. Hartogh P. Weather Forecasts on Mars: CO2 Snowfalls Related to the Baroclinic Waves in the Northern Winter Polar Atmosphere [#1176] Our simulations showed that CO2 snow forms in the northen winter high-latitude atmosphere of Mars in regular patches coinciding with passages of baroclinic planetary waves. This discovery would allow to forecast snow storms for future missions.
Genova A. Goossens S. Lemoine F. G. Mazarico E. Smith D. E. Zuber M. T. O and CO2 Annual Variability in the Mars Thermosphere from MRO Radio Tracking Data [#1229] MRO has acquired more than 7 years of radio tracking data. We focused our work on the estimation of the annual variability of O and CO2 with 6 years of MRO radio science data, which cover three full martian years (from 28 to 31).
Farris H. N. Rivera-Valentin E. G. Chevrier V. F. Kennington D. Bryson K. L. Experimental Investigation of Adsorption Kinetics in Montmorillonite: Implications for Diurnal Variations of Martian Atmospheric Water [#1023] Experimentally derived adsorption kinetic constants for montmorillonite and the implications for diurnal, metastable accumulation of liquid water at the surface of Mars.
Pankine A. A. Tamppari L. K. Evolution of the Vertical Extent of Water Vapor in the Martian Summer Polar Atmosphere [#1163] We have developed a new retrieval algorithm that allows to constrain the vertical extent of water vapor in the martian atmosphere from combined daytime and nighttime MGS TES data.
Määttänen A. Listowski C. Montmessin F. Maltagliati L. Joly L. Reberac A. Bertaux J.-L. SPICAM Aerosol Vertical Distribution Climatology from UV Occultations [#1135] We present observations from MEx/SPICAM solar and stellar occultations in the ultraviolet that allow the retrieval of vertical profiles of aerosols with a good coverage over four martian years.
Mooring T. A. Wilson R. J. Climatology of Transient Eddy Activity in the MACDA Reanalysis [#1045] We present some results of a systematic survey of transient eddy activity in the MACDA assimilated dataset, with an emphasis on its horizontal spatial variability. We detect nonzonal eddy propagation, apparently caused by the topography.
Hinson D. P. Haberle R. M. Spiga A. Tellmann S. Paetzold M. Asmar S. W. Haeusler B. Nighttime Convection, Temperature Inversions, and Diurnal Variations at Low Altitudes in the Martian Tropics [#1076] We are using radio occultation measurements and numerical simulations to explore the atmospheric structure and diurnal variations in the lowest few scale heights of the martian atmosphere, with emphasis on nighttime convective layers.
Wolkenberg P. M. Wilson R. J. Mars Climate Sounder Observations of Wave Structure in the North Polar Middle Atmosphere of Mars During the Summer Season [#1219] We examine the temperature field obtained from observations of MCS-MRO at over a full range of heights and latitudes during the northern summers of MYs 28–31. The main contribution to the T-field is from the migrating diurnal and semidiurnal tides.
Eighth International Conference on Mars (2014) sess552.pdf
Hollingsworth J. L. Kahre M. A. Wolff M. J. Haberle R. M. Stationary Planetary Waves in Northern Late Winter: MRO/MARCI Observations and Mars Climate Model Simulations [#1479] Stationary planetary waves in northern late winter on Mars.
Wilson R. J. Guzewich S. D. Kleinbohl A. New Progress and Insights on Thermal Tides and Their Forcing from MCS and Modeling [#1432] MCS data are used to characterize the climatology of migrating and nonmigrating thermal tides in the Mars atmosphere. Modeling results are also presented to relate the observed tides to thermal forcing by aerosol.
Brecht A. S. Hollingsworth J. L. Kahre M. A. Mars’ Thermal Structure From The Lower To Middle Atmosphere: NASA Ames Mars General Circulation Simulations [#1385] The NASA Ames Mars General Ciculation Model (MGCM) has been extended to incorporate the middle atmosphere (~80 km to ~120 km). The extended MGCM simulated thermal structure will be compared to MRO-MCS and MEx-SPICAM observations.
Shirley J. H. McConnochie T. M. Kass D. M. Kleinböhl A. Schofield J. T. Heavens N. G. McCleese D. J. Benson J. Hinson D. P. Bandfield J. L. Validation and Inter-Comparison of Limb Sounding Profiles from MRO/MCS and MGS/TES [#1309] Nighttime atmospheric temperatures in northern middle latitudes during Mars’ aphelion season obtained by MGS/TES and MRO/MCS are compared with MGS radio science results. Profile mean Δ Ts of <= 2 K demonstrate consistency of retrieved temperatures.
Navarro T. Forget F. Millour E. Data Assimilation: The Importance of Atmospheric Forcings [#1137] Data assimilation is a technique that reconstructs the state of the atmosphere from both observations and a numerical model. In this work we use forcings (aerosols, surface temperature) to compensate disagreements between model and observations.
Bhattacharyya D. Carveth C. Clarke J. T. Bertaux J. L. Chaufray J. Y. Tracing the History of Water (‘H’ and ‘O’ Atoms) on Mars Using HST [#1287] We present observations and analysis of martian Lyman alpha emission from H and 1304 Angstrom emission from O using HST. The exosphere decreased in UV brightness by 40% in Fall 2007. Presence of hot oxygen was detected in HST data.
Mahaffy P. R. Webster C. R. Brunner A. Atreya S. K. McAdam A. Stern J. Kashyap S. Deuterium to Hydrogen Ratios in Solid and Atmospheric Samples from the SAM Experiment in Gale Crater [#1050] Low D/H ratios in the smectite clay hydroxyl water relative to the current atmospheric values suggest that substantial early escape must have fractionated martian water prior to the formation of the Yellowknife Bay mudstones.
Novak R. E. Mumma M. J. Villanueva G. L. Latitudinal/Diurnal Mapping of [HDO], [H2O], and Their Ratio on Mars Using Ground Based High-Resolution Spectroscopy [#1211] Recent investigations of HDO and H2O, on Mars for data taken on Ls = 72.5° and Ls = 79.5° will be reported. The CSHELL spectrograph on the NASA-IRTF was used for our observations. The slit was positioned E-W on Mars centered at the sub-Earth point.
Clancy R. T. Smith M. D. Wolff M. J. Murchie S. L. Nair H. Seelos K. D. CRISM Limb Observations of Mars Mesospheric Ice Clouds: Two New Results [#1006] Mars mesospheric (z=50–90km) ice clouds are observed in CRISM 2009-2014 visible-near-IR limb scans for two distinct cases, for an equatorial CO2 cloud (Reff~1.5 um) and fine (Reff~0.4 um) H2O clouds associated with southern perihelion cloud trails.
Eighth International Conference on Mars (2014) sess552.pdf
Kahre M. A. Hollingsworth J. L. Haberle R. M. Wolff M. J. Understanding the Formation and Evolution of Water Ice Clouds in the Hellas Basin During NH Summer on Mars [#1308] We use a Global Climate Model to investigate the dynamical mechanisms that control the formation and evolution of Hellas water ice clouds that have been observed in the UV by MRO/MARCI during Northern Hemisphere Summer.
Bean K. M. Lemmon M. T. Determining Nighttime Atmospheric Optical Depth Using Mars Exploration Rover Images [#1337] Images from MER / Do not reveal clouds at night / Look at better times.
Urata R. A. Haberle R. M. Kahre M. A. Hollingsworth J. L. Effects of a Temperature-Dependent Contact Parameter on Aphelion Clouds [#1347] We present general circulation model results studying the effects of a temperature-dependent contact parameter for nucleation as related to the aphelion cloud belt.
Klassen D. R. Using PCA to Model the Martian Surface Spectral Reflectance for Use in Radiative Transfer Cloud Optical Depth Retrieval [#1384] Consistent PCA results across all time-scales leads to the idea that there may be a way to construct single, constant, set of intrinsic spectral endmembers to model surface reflectance for radiative transfer cloud recovery.
Pottier A. Forget F. Montmessin F. Navarro T. Madeleine J.-B. Millour E. Spiga A. The Destabilizing Effect of Water Ice Clouds in Mars Climate Models: Challenges and Solutions [#1112] Radiatively active water ice clouds in global climat models are very important to understand the martian climate and water cycle. However, challenges arise. Solution developed for the LMD GCM are presented: microphysics and subgrid scale nebulosity.
Dequaire J. M. Kahre M. A. Haberle R. M. Hollingsworth J. L. Radiative Effects of CO2 Ice Clouds in the Martian Polar Nights [#1429] Incorporating the radiative effects of CO2 in the Ames GCM has a minor effect on the CO2 cycle but is important to consider to understand the observed low-infrared brightness temperatures of the polar nights and study the residual ice cap albedo.
Gondet B. Bibring JP. Vincendon M. CO2 Clouds at Mars: 6 Martian Years of Survey by OMEGA/Mex [#1205] During 6 martian years OMEGA/MEX as imaged and caracterised mesopheric clouds. Thanks to the 4.26µm band the composition (CO2) of these clouds as been identified. Results of systematic observations (location, altitude, frequency) will be presented.
Schmude R. W. Jr. Brightness of Mars in Visible Light: 2007-2014 [#1080] The brightness of Mars during the northern spring season is consistent with a model published in 2007. Preliminary measurements in R, I, J and H filters will be presented.
Nørnberg P. Jensen S. J. K. Skibsted J. Jakobsen H. J. ten Kate I. L. Gunnlaugsson H. P. Merrison J. P. Finster K. Bak E. Iversen J. J. Kondrup J. C. A Possible Sink for Methane on Mars [#1111] Mechanical simulated wind activation of mineral surfaces act as a trap for Methane through formation of covalent Si-C bonds stable up to temperatures above 250 C. This mechanism is proposed as a Methane sink on Mars.
Mischna M. A. Banfield D. Sykes I. Mars Methane Plume Tracer [#1302] Putative releases of methane from the martian surface may be challenging to detect from orbit. Successful detections depend on the character of the plume itself (duration, magnitude, expanse), but also on the observing platform.
Eighth International Conference on Mars (2014) sess552.pdf
Vodniza A. Q. Pereira M. R. The Comet C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring) and Mars [#1060] The probability that the comet collides with Mars is small but the dust particles emitted by the comet can cause damage to spacecrafts and probes that are in orbit around that planet. We calculated the orbital elements of comet.
Yelle R. V. Mahieux A. Morrisson S. Vuitton V. Horst S. M. Perturbation of the Mars Atmosphere by Comet C/2013 A1 [#1083] The Mars upper atmosphere could be strongly perturbed by the near collision with Comet C/2013 A1. We predict that 28 H2O production rates larger than 10 molecules would produce raise the upper atmospheric temperature 30~K and double the H density.
Mitchell D. Mazelle C. Halekas J. McFadden J. Kortmann O. Larson D. Lillis R. Ergun R. Andersson L. Delory G. Eparvier F. Connerney J. Espley J. Luhmann J. Jakosky B. The Particles and Fields Package for the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) Mission [#1487] Describes the Particles and Fields Package on the MAVEN spacecraft.
Lillis R. J. Fox J. L. Deighan J. Bougher S. W. Lee Y. Cravens T. E. Rahmati A. Photochemical Escape the Martian Atmosphere: Looking Forward to MAVEN [#1391] Photochemical escape of hot atoms is a primary pathway for Mars atmospheric loss. MAVEN will revolutionize our understanding of this important process with high resolution measurements of densities and temperatures of neutrals, electrons and ions.
Morooka M. W. Andersson L. McNulty T. Ergun B. The Importance of the Electron Temperature for the Upper Atmosphere of Mars [#1455] The electron temperature affects to the ionospheric chemistry and dynamics of Mars, however, so far there is only one observation that are used for modeling. We show that the different electron temperature profiles can impact to the ion compositions.
Jolitz R. D. Lillis R. Curry S. Larson D. Jakosky B. Energetic Particle Precipitation in the Martian Atmosphere: Expectations for MAVEN [#1493] Energetic charged particle precipitation is an important process in the Martian upper atmosphere. Energetic particle effect measurement and models at Mars are scarce. We developed a Monte Carlo code to track a population of ions in an atmosphere.
Espley J. R. Connerney J. E. P. Mars’ Magnetic Atmosphere: Ionospheric Currents, Lightning (or not), E and M Subsurface Sounding, and Future Missions [#1088] Mars’ ionosphere has no obvious magnetic signs of large-scale, dust-produced lightning. However, there are numerous interesting ionospheric currents (some associated with crustal magnetic fields) which would allow for E and M subsurface sounding.
Withers Paul. Fallows K. J. Gonzalez G. Response of the Mars Ionosphere to Solar Flares: Analysis of MGS Radio Occultation Data [#1065] Changes in ionospheric density during a solar flare depend on altitude, solar zenith angle, and flare strength. Here we use MGS radio occultation data to develop an empirical function that can predict those changes and explore its applications.
Eighth International Conference on Mars (2014) sess552.pdf
Brain D. A. Bougher S. W. Curry S. M. Dong C. Fang X. Fortier K. Jakosky B. M. Lillis R. J. Luhmann J. G. Modolo R. Seki K. Measuring Martian Ion Loss Rates [#1397] We have examined factors (e.g. orbital coverage, instrument field of view, solar variability) that must be considered when reporting ion loss rates from Mars, and used global models to quantify the influence they have on loss rate measurements.
Chaffin M. S. Deighan J. I. Stewart A. I. Schneider N. M. New Models for Short-Term Variability of Martian Volatile Escape [#1039] We present new time-dependent models of the martian hydrogen cycle designed to capture the recently discovered variability of hydrogen escape, making predictions for upcoming MAVEN observations of the upper atmosphere of Mars.