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Mao on Practice and Contradiction

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Mao on Practice and Contradiction ON PRACTICE AND CONTRADICTION This essential new series fe atures classic texts by key figures that took center stage during a period of insurrection. Each book is introduced by a major contemporary radical writer who shows how these incendiary words still have the power to inspire, to provoke and maybe to ignite new revolutions .. , \ ON PRACTICE AND CONTRADICTION --------�.�------- MAO TSE-TUNG v v INTRODUCTION BY SLAVOJ ZIZEK CONTENTS v Introduction by Slavoj Zizek First published by Verso 2007 Note on Sources Copyright © Verso 2007 29 v Introduction © Slavoj Zizek 2007 I A Single Spark Can Start a Prairie Fire 31 Chapters 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 10 published in Selected Wo rks ofMao Tse-tung, Foreign Languages Press, Peking 1967; copyright© Foreign Languages Press 2 Oppose Book Worship 43 1967. Chapters 2, 8, 9, 11 and 12 published in Selected Works of Ma o Tse­ tung, Kranti Publications, Secunderabad 1990; copyright © Kranti 3 On Practice: On the Relation between Knowledge Publications 1990. and Practice, between Knowing and Doing 52 All rights reserved 4 On Contradiction 67 The moral right of the author has been asserted 5 Combat Liberalism 103 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 6 The Chinese People Cannot Be Cowed by the Atom Bomb 106 Verso 7 US Imperialism Is a Paper Tiger 108 UK: 6 Meard Street, London WIF OEG USA: 180 Varick Street, New York, 10014-4606 8 NY Concerni ng Stal in's Economic Problems of Socialism in the USSR 112 www.versobooks.com I 9 Critique of Stalin's Economic Problems of Socialism in the USSR 17 Verso is the imprint of New Left Books 10 On the Correct Handling of Contradictions among the People 130 ISBN-13: 978-1-84467-587-6 II Where Do Correct Ideas Come From? 167 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Talk on Questions of Philosophy 169 A catalogue record fo r this book is available fr om the British Library 12 Notes 186 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record fo r this book is available fr om the Library of Congress I Typeset in Bembo by Hewer Text UK Ltd, Edinburgh Printed by Quebecor World, Fairfield \ INTRODUCTION MAO TSE-TUNG, THE MARXIST LORD OF MISRULE v Slovoj Zizek One of the most devious traps which lurk in wait fo r Marxists is the search fo r the moment of the Fall, when things took the wrong tum in the history of Marxism: was it already the late Engels with his more positivist-evolutionist understanding of historical materialism? Was it the revisionism and the orthodoxy of the Second International? Was it l Lenin? Or was it Marx himself in his late work, after he abandoned his youthful humanism (as some 'humanist Marxists' claimed decades ago)? This entire topic has to be rejected: there is no opposition here, the Fall is to be inscribed into the very origins. (To put it even more pointedly, such a search fo r the intruder who infected the original model and set in motion its degeneration cannot but reproduce the logic of anti-Semitism.) What this means is that, even if- or, rather, especially if­ one submits the Marxist past to a ruthless critique, one has first to acknowledge it as 'one's own', taking fu ll responsibility fo r it, not to comfortably get rid of the 'bad' tum of things by way of attributing it to a fo reign intruder (the 'bad' Engels who was too stupid to understand Marx's dialectics, the 'bad' Lenin who didn't get the core of Marx's theory, the 'bad' Stalin who spoils the noble plans of the 'good' Lenin, etc.) . The first thing to do, then, is to fu lly endorse the displacement in the history of Marxism concentrated in two great passages (or, rather, violent cuts): the passage fr om Marx to Lenin, as well as the passage fr om Lenin to Mao. In each case, there is a displacement of the original constellation: fr om the most advanced country (as expected by Marx) to a relatively backward country - the revolution 'took place in a wrong country'; I INTRODUCTION 3 ON PRACTICE AND CONTRADICTION 2 of In his Phenomenology of Sp irit, Hegel introduces his notorious notion from workers to (poor) peasants as the main revolutionary agent, etc. In womankind as 'the everlasting irony of the community': womankind the same way as Christ needed Paul's 'betrayal' in order for Christianity to emerge as a universal church (recall that, among the twelve apostles, changes by intrigue the universal end of the government into a private Paul occupies the place of Judas the traitor, replacing him!), Marx needed end, transforms its universal activity into a work of some particular Lenin's 'betrayal' in order to enact the first Marxist revolution: it is an a individual, and perverts the universal property of the state into inner necessity of the 'original' teaching to submit to and survive this possession and ornament for the family.4 'betrayal', to survive this violent act of being tom out of one's original context and thrown into a foreign landscape where it has to reinvent order to In contrast to male ambition, a woman wants power in itself - only in this way, universality is born. her promote her own narrow family interests or, (}ven worse, So, apropos the second violent transposition, that of Mao, it is too personal caprice, incapable as she is of perceiving the universal ;'acile eithe� to conde n his reinvention of Marxism as theoretically are we not to recall F. W. J. � . dimension of state politics. How madequate , as a regressIOn wIth regard to Marx's standards (it is easy to us in its Schelling's claim that 'the same principle carries and holds show that peasants lack the substanceless proletarian subjectivity), but it is effective­ . ineffectiveness which would consume and destroy us in its n less I adequate to blur the violence of the cut and to accept Mao's , can be � � ness ?5 A power which, when it is kept at its proper place, rel ventIOn as a logical continuation or 'application' of Marxism (relying, most � benign and pacifYing, turns into its radical opposite, into the as IS usually the case, on the simple metaphoric expansion of class level destructive fury, the moment it intervenes at a higher level, the struggle: 'today's predominant class struggle is no longer between the closed . which is not its own: the same femininity which, within capItalIsts and proletariat in each country, it has shifted to the Third into circle of family life, is the very power of protective love, turns ve us the First World, bourgeois versus proletarian nations'). The state � obscene frenzy when displayed at the level of public and achl�vement of Mao is here tremendous: his name stands for the political public affairs ... In short, it is OK for a woman to protest against mobilIzatIOn of the hundreds of millions of anonymous Third World woe state power on behalf of the rights of family and kinship; but toile whose labour provides the invisible 'substance', background, of luence � betide a society in which women endeavour directly to inf hlstoncal development - the mobilization of all those whom even such a male decisions concerning the affairs of state, manipulating their weak poet of 'otherness' as Levinas dismissed as the 'yellow peril' - see, from partners, effectively emasculating them . Is there not something what IS arguably his weirdest text, 'The Russo-Chinese Debate and the the similar in the terror aroused by the prospect of awakening Dialectic' (1960), a comment on the Soviet-Chinese conflict: against anonymous Asiatic masses? They are acceptable if they protest their fate and allow us to help them (through large-scale humanitarian The yellow peril! It is not racial, it is spiritual. It does not involve to actions ...), but not when they directly 'empower' themselves, inferior values; it involves a radical strangeness, a stranger to the weight the the horror of sympathetic liberals who ,.re always ready to support of Its past, from where there does not fIlter any familiar voice or with revolt of the poor and dispossessed, oh condition that it is done inflection, a lunar or Martian past.2 good manners? ../ Georgi M. Derluguian's Bourdieu's Secret Admirer in the Caucasus6 tells Does this not recall Heidegger's insistence, throughout the 1930s, that the the extraordinary story of Musa Shanib from Abkhazia, the leading mam task fWesternthought today is to defend the Greek breakthrough, ? intellectual of this turbulent region whose incredible career passed from th foundmg gesture of the 'W est', the overcoming of the pre-philoso­ and � Soviet dissident intellectual through democratic political reformer phIcal, mythical, 'Asiatic' universe, to struggle against the renewed 'Asiatic' Muslim fundamentalist warlord up to respected professor of philosophy, threat � the greatest antagonist of the West is 'the mythical in general and Bourdieu's . , his entire career marked by the strange admiration for Pierre the A IatlC m particular? 3 It is this Asiatic 'radical strangeness' which is reaction � thought.There are two ways to approach such a figure.The first mobIlIzed, politicized, by Mao Tse-tung's communist movement. 5 INTRODUCTION 4 ON PRACTICE AND CONTRADICTION it is not the question of capitalism is a 'concrete universality': is to dismiss it as local eccentricity, to treat it with benevolent irony _ h ow mon, th' Ir forms of capitalism have in com � isolating what all particular . 'wha� a strange choice Bourdieu - who knows what this folkloric guy this matrix as a pOSItlVe force �n ; universal features, but of grasping sees In Bourdleu .
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