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M o rxism- Len i n ism-M oo ism Mooism - A New Stoge in the Development of the Proletoriotrs Science of Revolution

By the Organisation of Revolutionary Communists of Afghanistan declared, "The CPC is guided by --Mao Tsetung Thoughl" Many of the world's communist pailies and organisations that had arisen against Khrushchevite revi- sionism and Soviet social-imperial- ism adhered to lvfarxism-Leninism- Mao Tsetung Thought. In 1973, the teninists of Afghoniston (Mqo Tsetung Tenth Congress of the CPC threw Thought), -AV'/TW Advent of away the -istreference to the "era of the total collapse of imperial- The intemational 's science Maoism was born in the midst of ism" and let the science of proletarian of revolution has been applied, sharp class struggle" After eight years revolution shine brighter. strengthened and further developed of revolutionary war against the The setback of the revolution in during one and a half centuries of Kuomintang, Mao Tsetung was cho. China and the usurpation of power by class sruggle since the pubiication of sen as the leader of the Communist the Chinese revisionists was the the C ommrnist Manife sto. ldarx dis- Parfy of China by the Tsunyi conf,er- beginning of new attacks on Mao covered this science and esablished ence. Thi*q meant the victory of Mao Tsetung's contributions which were its basic foundations. Lenin raised it Tsetung's line, after yean of sfuggle to cause serious confusion in the to a new level, and then Mao devel- against "left" and right lines that had ranks of the intemational communist D oped it to a still higher level. Thus the dealt fatal blows to the Chinese revo rnovement. But the line struggle E science of revolution of the interna- lution in the preceding years. Ten around Marxism-Leninism-Maoism o tional proleuriat has advanced and years after this meeting, the Seventh continued on a world scale. This I become more developed through Congress of the CPC, held in 1945 struggle was expressed in the autumn o three qualitative stages: 1) Marxism, following the epic Long March and of 1980 with the First International 2) I-eninism, and 3) lvlaoism. the war of resistance against Japanase Conference of Marxist-Leninist d In today's situation it is vital to , emphasised thac "The Parties and Organisations and its s stress Mao Tsetung's contributions tro Chinese Comrnunist Paay is guided Communique and took on interna- this science and his qualitative devel- by Marxism-Leninism and the tional prominence with the second (o= opment of iL This emphasis sepamtes Thought of Mao Tsetung." conference of Marxism-Leninism- (o the ranks of proletarian revolutionar- Even though at the Eighth Congress Mao Tsetung Thought (Maoist) gl ies from those of various revisionists of the CPC the ptra,se "lvlao Tsetung parties and organisations that led to who have betrayed proletarian revo- Thought" was eliminated, the stmggle the formation of the Revolutionary lution and revised ttre basic founda- continued. In the 1950s, after the vic- Intemationalist Movement. tions of the science of revolution of ory of the Chinese revolution, Mao's The RIM Declaration considers the international proletariat. As the ideas began b gain influence in other "Mao Tsetung Thought" a develop- Declaration of the Revolutionary @untries, and in China itself the appli- ment of Marxism-Leninism, saying, I n er natio twlis t M ov eme n t states: cation of these ideas y6s rlisplayed in "we emphasise that Mao Tsetung 'Upholding Mao Tsetung's qualita- tlrc storrny mass sfuggles of the Great Thought is a new stage in the develop tive development of the science of Lr4 Forward and the building of ttre ment of Marxism-Leninism...." It people's communes. The struggle poins out that the most important against Khrushchevite principle of Mao Tsetung Thought, tfre gave anew dimension to ldao Tseumg "theory of the continuation of the rev- and among the class conscious work- Thought and expanded its influence olution under the dictatorship of the ers and other revolutionary-minded on a world scale. But it was with the proletariat", is the line of demarcation people in the world today. The princi- Great holetarian Culnral Revolution between lvlarxism and revisionism: ple involved is nothing less than (GPCR) that Mao Tsetung Thought "...Only he is a Marxist who extends whether or not to uphold and build emerged as a new level in the devel- the remgaition of class sruggle to the upon the decisive contributions to tlre opment of Marxism-Leninism and recognition of the dicatorship of the prolewian revolution and the science Chairman Mao was establistred as tlre proletariat and to the recognition of of Marxism-Irninism made by Mao leader of ttre . On this the objective existence of classes, Tsetung. It is therefore nothing less basis, summing up the GPCR, the anagonistic class contradictions and than a question of whether or not to Ninth Congress of the CPC in 1969 of ttre continuation of the class stmg- 86

gle under ttrc dictatmship of ttrc prole- the basis for the existence of a pro- 2) His three basic points with ariat throughout the whole period of cess from begnning to end. regard to the economic policies of socialism until ." 2) He masterfirlly applied dialecti- are: The term "Maoistrn" was first used cal in , using the a) Uprooting feudalism on the basis by the Communist Party of Pem. The law of contradiction o analyse events of applying the policy of "land to the PCP have used this expression in andpolitical stmggle. tiller". numerous documents which have also 3) Mao Tsetung developed and b) Expropriating all foreign and been published by RIM since its for- deepened the dialectical materialist domestic economic institutions that mation. It was also adopted at the theory of knowledge by deeply are "monopoly in nature" or whose eighth plenary session of the second studying the two leaps: from practice scope is beyond private managemenl of the Revo- t0 theory and then from ttrcory back c) Leading, controlling and limiting lutionary Communist Party, USA in to practice, emphasising practice as private so that "it would not 1988. The term Maoism has not yet the main aspect. be able to take control over the fiveli- been established among the forces of 4) Mao Tsetung succeeded in tak- hood of the people." RlM, who still refer to Marxism- ing philosophy to the masses. In This economic policy was imple- Irninisrn-Mao Tsenrng Thoughr doing so, he pulled philosophy out of mented during the long process of the lvlaoism correctly shows that Mao's books and libraries, snatched it away New Democratic revolution in China contributions are as precious as and on from the monopoly of philosophers, from the establishment of the first the same level as those of Mam and and turned it into an active material revolutionary base area (1927) until Irnin; it clears up any incorrect under- force. the socialist revolution and prepared standing or underestimation regarding 5) Dialectically analyzng the rela- the gfound for socialist construction lvlao's contributions and thus indicates don benreen the base and the super- in China. more clearly than the term "Mao structure, he countered the metaphys- 3) Mao Tsetung pointed to bureau- Tsetung Thought" the third stage in ical, one-sided conception of the rela- crat as a form of capital- the development of the proletariat's tion between base and superstructue, ism created by imperialism in the science ofrevolution. So we consider waged struggle against economist oppressed countries as a lever of it correct to use Maoism rather than interpretations of Mandsm and coun- domination. This question is of vital Mao Tsetung Thought. Maoism, in tered the revisionist theory of the our opinion, will sooner or later development of the productive become generalised among the partici- forces. He said that while the base pants and supporters of RIM, replac- affects the superstructure and deter- ing lvfao lbemg Thought mines its nature, and ttris is the prin- (o cipal aspect, the superstructure also expropriation is a vital necessity in Contributions of Mao Tsetung affects the base and at times deter- laying the foundations for socialist (') qt to the Development of mines its character. On this basis, he construcUon. Marxism-Leninism developed Lenin's view that "politics is the concentrated expression of eco- Scientilic Socialism = As we lnow Marxism consists of nomics" and emphasised tllat revolu- =o tfuee component parts: philosophy, tionary politics must dominate all 1) New Democratic revolution political economy and scientific fields. Thus Mao Tsetung gave revo- in this era, revolution in the dominat-- o socialism. lutionary consciousness its proper ed countries is one of the two comPG t The qualitative development of place in regard to the revolutionary nents of the wodd p,roletarian revolu- o ttrese three parts results in the qualita- transformation of the world and tion, along with revolution in the As opposed to = tive development of Marxism as a developed Lenin's slogan, "witltout a imperialist counfies. whole to a higher level. Mao's contri- revolutionary theory there can be no the imperialist countries, revolution butions have meant qualitative leaps revolutionary movemenl" in the dominated countries does not in all three pars of Mamism, raising have an immediately socialist charac- this science to a higher level than Political Economy ter, but rather a national-democratic ldarx and IJnin. We will take up this character which under proletarian question in tfuee sections. 1) lvlao Tsetung further developed leadership takes a socialist orienta- the political economy of socialism. tion. ldao Tsenrng charted the strate- Philosophy He developed and implemented the economic policy of socialist con- 1) Mao Tsetung indicated ttrat the struction in China tluough criticising law of contradiction is the fundamen- some aspects of Soviet economic pol- tal law of in nature, society icy in socialist construction. The cen- and human lnowledge, and he devel- nal point in this is arousing the initia- oped the understanding that this is the tive of the masses based on a corr€ct revolution is based on the communist essence of dialectical materialism. He line and promoting production party providing leadership for the deeply analysed the law of contradic- through popularising economic poli- anti-imperialist and anti-feudal srug- tion and in that light explained the cies and not through bureaucratic gles ol the popular classes through meaning of the principal contradic- commands. In this context he seuled the national in the course tion as the leading contradiction in the relation between revolution and wfi. any particular stage of development economic development and formulat- oEacted armed of a process, separating it from the ed the famous slogan, "grasp revolu- to victorY and fundamental contradiction rvhich is tion, promote production". tly for the first 87 time provided the intemational prole- contributions [o the science of revolu- forces. The need to develop the pro- tariat with a fully developed military tion of the international proletariat ductive forces makes it necessary for line. lvlao's theory of people's war is and his qualitative development of there to be radical and revolutionary not merely a ; it is this science after Marx and [,enin, we change in society and for new rela- the expression of proletarian revolu- enumerate the fundamentals of the tions of production to replace the old tionary violence in class struggle to science of Marxism-Leninism- ones. This radical and revolutionary lead the revolution to victory. Maoism in its three component pafrs change starts in the political and ide- "Political power grows out of the bar- of philosophy, political economy and ological superstrucore and is concen- rel of I gun" is its concentrated . trated around the class struggle for expressron. political power. If the material condi- 3) He developed further the theory Philmophy tions are not ripe, ideology and poli- ofclasses and class sruggle in differ- tics cannot create revolution, but as ent economic, political and ideologi- The philosophy of Marxism- they ripen, the superstrucnue (ideolo- cal aspecs and advanced the theory Leninism-Maoism is dialectical gy and politics) becomes the decisive of the continuation of the class strug- materialism. It explains the basic bauleground of different classes and gle in the whole period of socialist truth that the whole of reality and political forces and a qualitative construction until. communism. existence is made up of rnatter in change in the superstructure becomes Summing up the bitter experience of motion, in different forms. All the principal requirement for the the restoration of capitalism in the knowledge springs from it and is development of society. Soviet Union, he noted that the strug- dependent on it. All the different gle between the proletariat and bour- forms of matter in motion exist only Political Economy geoisie under socialism is very com- in the form of a unity of opposites. plex and protracted. He formulated The law of contradiction, that. is, the The theory of surplus is the the method o struggle against capi- law of the unity and struggle of oppo central point of Marxist-Leninist- talist restoration in socialist society sites, is the fundamental law of the Maoist political economy in and led the Great Proletarian Cultural development of nature, society and analysing the economy of capitalism. Revolution in China. Thus by devel- thought. Unity or identity is tempo- The source and reason for the exis- oping the ttreory of the "continuation rary and relative in all phenomena, tence and growth of capital is the pro- of the revolution under the dictator- whereas the struggle of mutually duction of which ship of proletariat", he made an enor- exclusive opposites is permanent and through the market mechanism mate- mous contribution to the international absolute and this is the cause for rialises as profit. In the capitalist proletariat's science of revolution and leaps and the emergence of new qual- , proflrt is both the raised the Marxist theory of classes ities and phenomena. Belief in per- initiator and frnal goal of production, L and class struggle, which is the manent equilibrium, permanent order and it is accumulated through the € essence of scientific socialism, to a or the eternal or divine is incorrect appropriation of the surplus value o completely new and higher level. and reactionary. created by the collective labour of the I Now once again we note the Dialectical materialism considers workers- So capialism is a mode of o Declaration's emphasis. "Irnin said: practice to be ttre source and final cri- production whose characteristic is the 'Only he is a Marxist who extends terion of truth and relies on revolu- transformation of human labour into d the recognition of class struggle to tionary practice more than anything a . s the recognition of the dictatorship of else. On this basis, dialectical materi- The contradiction between = the proletariat.' ln the light alism is a philosophy in the service production private (o of of socialised and (o invaluable lessons and advances the revolutionary transformation of appropriation is the fundamental con- achieved through the Great the world. radiction of capitalism and it canies t o) Proletarian led is the appli- in its womb the anarchy of produc- by Mao Tgetung, this criterion put cation of dialectical materialism to tion and gives rise to numerous capi- forward by Lenin has further sharp- human society and its development. talist crises. In the process of the con- ened. Now it can be stated that only It emphasises the fundamental role of tinuous expansion and development he is a Marxist. who extends the two things: of capital which is accompanied by recognition of class struggle to the 1) Production and the frrndamental the impoverishment of the workers, recognition of ttre dictatorship of the contradiction between the productive collision occurs between different proletariat and to the recognition of forces and the . capitals. This gives rise to rivalry the objective existence of classes, 2) The interrelation between pro- between the different capitaliss and antagonistic class contradictions and duction and the political and ideolog- finally results in monopoly. The of the continuation of tlre class strug- ical superstructure of society. The growth and expansion of monopolies gle under the dictaonhip of the pro- coming into being of social life was in different dimensions compels them letariat throughout the whole period accornpanied by the social production to overflow national boundaries, and of socialism until communism. And process and its survival depends on it. the export of capital begins. All this as Mao so powerfully stated, 'lack But the can only gives rise o imperialism and is spe- of clarity on this question will lead to exist and develop when people enter cific character: it plunders the revisionism."' into certain relations of production. oppressed peoples and nations as The contradiction between the pro- well as exploiting the workers of its The Three Component Parts of ductive forces and the relations of own country. In the era of imperial- Marxism -Leninism -Maoism production will become openly ism, the contradiction between antagonistic at a certain sage of the socialised production and private Considering Mao Tsetung's great development of the productive appropriation takes on global dimen- 88

sions. The contradiction between exploiative system, has laid the mate- both paths is the use of revolutionary imperialism and the oppressed peo- rial foundations for building a smiety violence and armed struggle as the ples emerges and the rivalry among frree from exploitation and has given highest form of political struggle to different capialist powen rises to the birttr to the only class in whose inter- serze power. level of a contradiction on a world est it is to build such a society, the The pr,olearian revolution does not scale. Along with this, the contradic- proletariat The fundamental contra- end with the establishment of the dic- tion between the proletariat and the diction of capitalist society will be tatorship of the proletariat. The revo is heightened daily. resolved through proletarian revolu- lution must continue under the dicta- Socialist revolution, by expropriat- tion, the establishment of the dictator- torship of the proletariat during the ing capitalism, takes an important ship of the proletariat, the constmc- whole period of socialism until com- qualitative step towards solving the tion of socialism and leading revolu- munism. The Great Proletarian fundamenal contradiction of capital- tion towards communism under the Cultural Revolution in China under ism. But this is not enough. The new dictatorship of the proletariat and the leadership of N{ao Tsetung repre- socialist , as the representative of frnally reaching communism. sents the most advanced achievement society, expropriates the means of The imperialist stage of ttrc capial- of ttre international proletariat in the production, but this is not. yet a real ist system is a world system, and tlrc revolutionary march to communism. and thorough socialisation of the proletariat is a worldwide class. Thus This revolution has shown how and . Socialist revo- the revolutionary proletarian move- by what means the masses can be lution, to lead to communism, must ment is by nature an international mobilised and relied on to prevent turn this partial and formal socialisa- movement. and pmletarian intemation- capitalist restoration in socialist soci- tion of the means of production into a alism is is foundation. The proletariat ety and advance to communism. The thorough and real one. This is a ques- should lead its struggle on a world central point in this achievement wa.s tion of basic orientation and decides level and, while carrying out stmggle paying attention to the nature of the the real nature of society. in a particular country, emphasise that revolutionary proletarian party after Moreover, there are some poins of the international arena is the most the seizure of political power. The fundamental importance for the eco decisive in deciding the outcgme of revolutionary proletarian party, as the nomic constmction of socialism that the stnrggle, and the general interest of vanguard of the proletariat, leads the must be taken into account in relation the world proletariat is the most revolution and the struggle to achieve to the complete resolution of the fun- important in carrying out the sruggle. communism. But when the party damental contradiction: controlling The world today is divided into the takes over the leadership of the and resricdng ttre function of ttre law imperialist countries and the coun- socialist state, contradictions between of value and restricting bourgeois tries dominated by imperialism. The the party and the people crystallise (o right, overthrowing profit from its world is car- the contradictions of the transitional, commanding position in production, ried forward by the proletariat, the socialist society. The party should q) and continuous sfuggle to resolve tlre oppressed and the people in both lead the march towards world revolu- C') contradiction between mental and types of countries. The revolutions in tion and the final resolution of the manual labour, between city and these two types of countries are dif- fundamenal contradiction of capital- S= countryside, and benveen worker and ferent. Revolution in the imperialist ism. Those in the party, especially o peasant. In socialist production, countries has an immediately social- those in positions of leadership who human labour and the means of pro ist character. The October Revolution don't want to move in tris direction a duction arc not considered commodi- is a victorious example of political and ultimately try to restore capital- tr ties. But a socialist economy is an sruggle canied out to prepare insur- ism, are the headquarters of the bour- o economy in transition from capitalism rection in ttre cities and then general geoisie inside the party and state and =q to communism and is qualitatively civil war. Revolution in the oppressed become the targets of the revolution. different ftom a communist economy. countries, however, does not have an Such headqr:artsrs arise continuously. irnmediate socialist character, but is a In sruggling against them, the party Scientiflrc Socialism New Democratic revolution under the must rely on the masses to overthrow leadership of the proletariat which them, continuously advance the pro Scientific socialism consists basi- prepares the ground for socialist rev- cess of increasingly revolutionising cally of the theory of classes and olution by overthrowing imperialism, the party at all levels, and lead the class struggle; that class struggle feudalism, and bureaucrat and com- steady march towards communism. leads o the dictatorship of the prole- prador capitalism. The Chinese revo This does not at all mean that one ariaq ttrc continuation of revolution lution is a victorious example of this country on its own can complete this under the dictatorship of the prole- kind of revolution. On the basis of sruggle and reach tlre stage of com- Ariaq and that states and parties are the strategy of protracted people's munism. The victory of communism generated from classes and will with- war, by relying on rural base areas cannot be achieved without the victo er away with their disappearance. and surrounding tlp cities, the revo- ry of the proletariat over the bour- From the emergence of classes and lution gathers enough forces to cap- geoisie in the intemational struggle. class society until the advent of ttre hre the cities and establish country- So it should be emphasised that the era of imperialism and proletarian wide revolutionary political power. continuation of the revolution under revolution all revolutions have Even though revolution in different tlre dictatorship of the proletariat is replaced one exploiting class by countries will rake different forms not limited to the continuation of the another and one exploiting syst€m by according to the particularities of revolution in one country but takes another (in this context the Paris each situation, in general all revolu- place on a wonld level. tr Commune is an exception). The capi- tions belong to one or the other of eo,t6Elliiiie,t dnd pubtished oy ..tanet it v,ogyo,, talist system, which is the last these paths. The general principle for Cochin-16 lor Paynadalh Press, HMT Jn