FREE BOATBUILDING PDF

John Leather | 224 pages | 03 Sep 1990 | Bloomsbury Publishing PLC | 9780713636437 | English | London, United Kingdom CLINKER BOATBUILDING MANUAL PDF

Clinker construction is an ancient method used for constructing boat hulls by overlapping the wooden planks along their edges. It is said that vikings, explorers Clinker Boatbuilding pirates from Europe in the C. Clinker built boats were also used by Chinese people during the Song dynasty. Clinker construction is also known as lapstrake construction in some parts of the world. Lapstrake construction involves slight overlapping of wooden planks in such a way that the bottom of each plank fixes at the top of the plank beneath it. It the earliest clinker built boats, the wooden planks were lashed to the framework beneath them; however, later on the planks were fixed using nails or pegs. It is to note that Clinker Boatbuilding method is not Clinker Boatbuilding easy method constructing hulls but requires Clinker Boatbuilding precision and hard work. This is because the planks are to be fixed in such a way that the receives a tapering curve, an important aspect for the Clinker Boatbuilding performance of the boat. The earliest clinker boats were built by creating an outer mold, which would include a and an inner for support. The planks were Clinker Boatbuilding placed and nailed together to the mold until the correct look was achieved. The joint where two plates overlap each other was known as the land. The spaces left between the joints were filled by allowing the wood Clinker Boatbuilding swell after the hull absorbed water. Once the hull was made, it was turned upside down and timber plates of narrow wooden strips were fitted using several copper nails. With the passage of time, stronger wood was used in the construction process. In modern construction, generally strong marine plywood is used instead of the traditional mahogany wood planks. Moreover, instead of copper nails, strong epoxy glue was used to stick the planks together. The modern clinker construction is a more planned one. Planks of equal sizes are cut Clinker Boatbuilding the plywood and the exact number of plywood planks to be used along with Clinker Boatbuilding dimensions is pre-decided. Modern adhesives are used for fixing the planks together, which Clinker Boatbuilding strong bonding without any leakages and prevents the traditional metal fastening that gets loosened and weak Clinker Boatbuilding time. Lapstrake construction Clinker Boatbuilding known for producing the strongest hulls, which are much lighter in weight, long lasting and need very less maintenance. However, the only drawback is that clinker move less swiftly through water than any other boat of the same size. Once more type of boat that follows the same method of construction is boat. Carvel boats are older than the clinker boats. Carvel is usually smaller than Clinker and instead of overlapped planks has individual planks that are joined end to end with each other. Clinker in comparison to carvel is lighter in weight and has a stronger hull. Moreover, clinkers have more cargo carrying capacity than carvel. Clinker construction Clinker Boatbuilding still used extensively in many parts of the world and is considered one of the most important discoveries in the history of building. Page content. Introduction Lapstrake Construction Carnel Boats. Introduction Clinker construction is an ancient method used for constructing boat hulls by overlapping the wooden planks along their Clinker Boatbuilding. Clinker Plywood Boatbuilding Manual – The WoodenBoat Store

Clinker Ply. It is a method used in Northern European countries for centuries and produces a hull with graceful, tapering curves to the planking which stand out to emphasize the shape of the boat. It is not an easy method of construction but is very satisfying when completed to a good standard. Although thought of as a method only to be used by experienced and skilled boat builders, we have had several first time builders employ Clinker Boatbuilding to create some lovely craft - it comes down to how much practice and learning the builder wants to do before starting. Traditional clinker construction started with a few moulds erected onto a building area, the transom Clinker Boatbuilding inner plus a hog inner keel were added much like the set up for strip planking and then the plank shapes were taken off this basic set-up. The process was repeated for successive planks allowing the edges to over lap Clinker Boatbuilding :- Above - planks laid clinker, clencher or lapstrake fashion - the plank "lands" are the points where one plank laps another. Once the hull was planked, the hull was turned upright if it was built upside down and timbers were fitted - these were relatively narrow and thin strips of wood, steamed to make them supple and then bent over the inside of the Clinker Boatbuilding across the Clinker Boatbuilding. These timbers were held in place by a copper and rove through the Clinker Boatbuilding at each plank land - the copper nail often square in section was fitted into a drilled hole with it's head on the outside - whilst one man held a weight against the head to keep it in place, another man cut the nail to the correct length, fitted a rove a cupped disc onto the cut end of the nail and then "rivetted" the end of the nail over the rove - this is waht held the planks together. With the advent of modern epoxies, this traditional process could be modified to make the construction Clinker Boatbuilding and stronger. The wood planking, rather than being solid often Larch, Mahogany etc was substituted with good Clinker Boatbuilding marine plywood which is dimensionally stable and easier to get hold of than the required clear lengths of relatively thin solid wood. Also, the seams between the planks, rather than being held together with copper nails against steamed timbers are glued with thickened epoxy producing a lighter weight shell construction which has the appearance of traditional clinker. First a building jig is Clinker Boatbuilding using chipboard moulds section shapes - these are usually given with "corners" or lap points - is "cornered" shapes so that the clinker laps are pre- determined by the design. Ribbands stringers are fitted into slots cut at the Clinker Boatbuilding land positions on the moulds but are kept short of the inner stem and probably only fry butted against the forward side of the transom. The garboard and next 2 planks are in place - the ribbands help define the shape of the planks and give something to the plank edges too - used to hold the planks Clinker Boatbuilding whilst the epoxy cures and which go into the ribbands, are later removed - it Clinker Boatbuilding that no glue comes between the inside Clinker Boatbuilding of the planks and the ribbands unless, of Clinker Boatbuilding, the Clinker Boatbuilding are to be permanent stringers within the hull structure. Above is a view inside the of a clinker Kane Beach Punt showing the inner stem attached to the hog. A similar bow on the outside - note 2 Clinker Boatbuilding here - first, the outer stem which has been laminated directly over the exposed edges of the plywood planks and Clinker Boatbuilding, the fact that the planks are all "flush" with one another at the stem - a similar view of the planking at the aft end would also show the planks "flush" with each other as they go over the transom. If this was not done, the planks would stick out over each other with gaps needing filling with the Clinker Boatbuilding stem and the wjole affair would look very ugly - to avoid this and end up with a nice flush appearance each plank has a "let" or "gain" cut into it. This is a tapering rebate which goes from nothing in depth a few feet back from the stem to full plank thickness depth right at the end of the plank. The width of this "gain" is the width of the overlap between two adjacent planks - therefore one plank gradually sits in this rebate ending flush with it at the extreme end. Clinker Boatbuilding is the hull of a clinker Islay Skiff Pandora by Rob Johnsey with the jig removed from it Clinker Boatbuilding the inner stem was laminated over a former attached to the first mould. Clinker () - Wikipedia

Clinker built also known as lapstrake [1] [2] is a method of boat building where the edges of hull planks overlap each other. Where Clinker Boatbuilding in larger craft, shorter planks can be joined end to end into a longer or hull plank. The technique developed in northern Europe and was successfully used by the Anglo-SaxonsFrisiansScandinaviansand typical for the Hanseatic . A contrasting method, where plank edges are butted smoothly seam to seam, is known as carvel construction. Examples of clinker-built boats directly descended from those of the early medieval period are seen in the traditional round-bottomed Thames skiffsand the larger originally cargo-carrying Norfolk wherries of England. The technique of clinker developed in the Nordic tradition as distinct from the Mediterranean Clinker Boatbuilding technique which was introduced to the provinces of the north in Clinker Boatbuilding wake of Roman expansion. Overlapping seams already appear in the 4th century BC Hjortspring boat. The Clinker Boatbuilding evidence for a clinker-built vessel, dendrochronologically dated to AD, are boat fragments which were found in recent excavations at the site of the famous Nydam Boat. Clinker hull of the Nydam Boat from Jutland. Clinkered prow of the Viking Oseberg ship. Clinker-built medieval cog from Stralsund. In building a simple pulling boat, the keelhog, stemapron, deadwoodssternpost and perhaps transom are assembled and securely set up. In Clinker Boatbuilding practice, this will be the same way up as they will be in use. At the stem and, in a double-ended boat, the , geralds are formed. That is, in each case, the land of the lower strake Clinker Boatbuilding tapered to a feather edge at the end of the strake where it meets the stem or stern-post. Clinker Boatbuilding allows the end of the strake to be screwed to the apron with the outside of the planking mutually flush at that point and flush with the Clinker Boatbuilding. This means that the boat's passage through the water will not tend to lift the ends of the planking away from Clinker Boatbuilding stem. Before the next plank is laid up, the face of the land on the lower strake is bevelled to suit the angle at which the next strake will lie in relation with it. This Clinker Boatbuilding all along the land. Gripes are used to hold the new strake in position on the preceding one before the fastening is done. Once the shell of planking is assembled, transverse Clinker Boatbuilding of oak, ash or elm, called timbers are steam-bent to fit the internal, concave side. Elm species are not durable where the boat is used frequently in fresh water. As the timbers are bent in, they are copper riveted to the shell, through the lands of the planking. On many clinker built craft, e. Sometimes the timbers in larger craft were also joggled before being steamed in. With the timbers all fitted, longitudinal members are bent in. The thwart risings are fastened through the timbers with its upper edge on the level of the undersides of the thwarts. Bilge are Clinker Boatbuilding to the outside of the land on Clinker Boatbuilding the boat would lie on a Clinker Boatbuilding surface to stiffen it and protect it from wear. Clinker Boatbuilding stringer is usually fitted round the inside of each bilge to strengthen it. In a small boat, this is usually arranged to serve also as a means of retaining the bottom boards. These are removable assemblies, shaped to lie over the bottom timbers and be walked upon. They spread the stresses from the crew's weight across the bottom Clinker Boatbuilding. Inboard of the sheer strake the heavier is similarly bent in along the line of the sheer. This part of the work is finished by fitting the breast hook and quarter knees. Swivel or crutch chocks are fitted as appropriate to the gunwale, the thwarts fitted down onto the rising and held in position by knees up to the gunwale and perhaps down onto the stringer. The structure of gunwale, rising, thwart and thwart knees greatly stiffens and strengthens the shell and turns it into a boat. There are several ways of fixing the rubbing strake but in a clinker boat, it is applied to the outside of the sheer strake. Finally, the fittings such as swivels or crutch plate, painter ring, stretchers, keel and stem band are fitted and fixed with screws. In a , there would be more fittings such as fairleadshorse, shroud plates, mast step, toe straps and so on. That more or less finishes the boatbuilder's work but Clinker Boatbuilding painter has yet to varnish or paint it. At stages along the way, he will have been called Clinker Boatbuilding to prime the timber, particularly immediately before the timbering is done. The boatbuilder will clean up the inside of the Clinker Boatbuilding and the painter will prime it and probably more, partly because it is easier that way and partly so as Clinker Boatbuilding put some preservative on the planking behind the timbers. Similarly, it is best to have the varnishing done after the fittings are fitted but before they are shipped. Thus, the keel band will be shaped and drilled and the holes drilled in the wood of keel and stem then the band will be put aside while the varnishing is done. In the last few years of wooden boat construction, glue and screws took over, but until the s, the keel, hog, stem, apron, deadwoods, sternpost, and perhaps transom would be fastened together by bolts set in Clinker Boatbuilding lead and grease. There are three kinds of bolt used, of which, nowadays, the screw bolt i. The second type of bolt is the pin bolt or cotter boltwhich, instead of a thread, has a tapered hole forged through the end away from the head, into which a tapered pin or cotter is Clinker Boatbuilding. The taper is in effect a straight thread. In conjunction with a washer, this draws the bolt tight, as a nut does on a screw bolt. The third type of bolt is the clench bolt. It has some of the features of a but was usually much longer than the normal rivet; in a wooden ship, perhaps a metre or more. For a shipwright's use, it is of copper. A head is formed by upsetting one end using a swage. It is then knocked through a hole bored through the work to be fastened, and through a washer. The head is held up with a dolly and the other end is upset over the washer in the same way as the head. Until the late s, the centre-line assembly Clinker Boatbuilding British Admiralty twenty-five foot motor cutters were fastened this way. Where suitable metal was not available, it was possible to use treenails pronounced trennels. They were like clench bolts but made of wood, and instead of being clenched, they had a hardwood wedge knocked into each end to spread it. The surplus was then sawn off. The clinker form of construction is linked in people's minds with the Vikings who used this method to build their famous from riven timber split wood planks. Clinker is the most common English term for this construction in both British and American English, though in American English the method is sometimes also known as lapstrake ; lapboard was used especially before the 20th century to side buildings, where Clinker Boatbuilding right angles of the structure lend themselves to quick assembly. The smoother surface of a Clinker Boatbuilding boat gives the impression at first Clinker Boatbuilding that it is hydrodynamically more efficient. The lands of the planking are not there to disturb the stream line. This distribution of relative efficiency between the two forms of construction is an illusion because for given hull strength, the clinker boat is lighter. Additionally, the clinker built method as used by the Vikings created a vessel Clinker Boatbuilding could twist and flex relative to the line extending length of the vessel, bow Clinker Boatbuilding stern. This gave it an advantage in North Atlantic rollers so long as the vessel was small in overall displacement. Increasing the beam, due to the light nature of the method, did not commensurately increase the vessel's survivability under the torsional forces of rolling waves, and greater beam widths may have made the resultant vessels more vulnerable. There is an upper limit to the size of clinker built vessels, which could be and was exceeded by several orders of magnitude in later large sailing vessels incorporating carvel-built construction. Clinker requires relatively wide planking stock compared to carvel, as carvel can employ stealers to reduce plank widths amidships where the girth is greatest. The need for sufficient lap to Clinker Boatbuilding the clench fastenings drives towards wider planks in proportion to thickness than can be employed in carvel. In all other areas of construction, including Clinker Boatbuilding, deck, etc. Clinker construction remains to this day a valuable method of construction for small wooden Clinker Boatbuilding. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section Clinker Boatbuilding adding citations to Clinker Boatbuilding sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. See also: Carvel built. Wootton Bridge Industries. Clinker Boatbuilding from the original on Danenberg Boatworks. Retrieved Traditional Maritime Skills project. Cambridge University Press. 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