Photographic Atlas of Anatomy

General Anatomy 1 General Anatomy and Musculo- → p. 1 skeletal System 2 Trunk → p. 19

3 Upper Limb → p. 82

4 Lower Limb → p. 148

Internal Organs 5 Thoracic Organs → p. 219

6 Abdominal Organs → p. 267

7 Retroperitoneal Organs → p. 301

Head, Neck, 8 Head and Neck and Brain → p. 349

9 Brain and Sensory Organs → p. 442

Appendix Additional Resources → p. 521

RRohen_Kapitel_00_USA.inddohen_Kapitel_00_USA.indd A 116.10.20206.10.2020 110:05:350:05:35 General Anatomy and Musculoskeletal System

Deeper Layer ...... 63 1 General Anatomy Deepest Layer ...... 64 Vertebral Canal Opened ...... 65 Position of the Internal Organs, Palpable Points, Sections through the Lumbar Part of the Vertebral and Regional Lines ...... 2 Column and the Spinal Cord ...... 68 Planes and Directions of the Body ...... 4 Nuchal Region: Osteology: Superfi cial Layer ...... 72 Skeleton of the Human Body ...... 6 Deeper Layer ...... 73 Bone Structure ...... 8 Deep Layer ...... 74 Ossifi cation of the Bones ...... 9 Deepest Layer ...... 76 Arthrology: Vertebral Canal Partly Opened ...... 77 Types of Joints ...... 10 Vertebral Canal and Cranial Cavity Opened ...... 78 Architecture of the Joint ...... 12 Cranial Cavity Opened ...... 79 Myology: Oblique-Lateral Aspect ...... 80 Shapes of Muscles ...... 13 Sections through the Nuchal Region of the Cervical Structure of the Muscular System ...... 14 Vertebral Column ...... 81 Organization of the Circulatory System ...... 16 Organization of the Lymphatic System ...... 17 3 Upper Limb Organization of the Nervous System ...... 18 Shoulder Girdle and Thorax ...... 83 2 Trunk Scapula and Clavicle ...... 85 Shoulder Girdle and Upper Arm ...... 86 Skeleton ...... 20 Upper Arm: Humerus ...... 87 Head and Cervical Vertebral Column ...... 23 Forearm: Radius and Ulna ...... 88 Joints Connecting to the Head ...... 24 Forearm and Hand ...... 89 Vertebrae ...... 26 Hand ...... 90 Vertebral Joints ...... 28 Joints and Ligaments: Thorax and Vertebral Column: Bones ...... 29 Shoulder ...... 92 Vertebral Column: Ligaments ...... 32 Elbow ...... 93 Costovertebral Joints ...... 34 Hand ...... 94 Costovertebral Joints and Intercostal Muscles ...... 35 Muscles of the Shoulder and Upper Arm: Thoracic and Abdominal Walls: Dorsal Muscles ...... 96 Surface Anatomy (Female) ...... 36 Pectoral Muscles ...... 98 Surface Anatomy (Male) ...... 37 Muscles of the Upper Arm: Muscles ...... 38 Lateral Muscles ...... 100 Epigastric Vessels ...... 42 Pectoral Muscles, Tendons of Biceps Brachii Muscle . . . . .101 Vessels and Nerves ...... 44 Muscles of the Forearm and Hand: Superfi cial Layer ...... 46 Flexor Muscles ...... 102 Thoracic Deeper Layer ...... 47 Flexor Muscles and Synovial Sheaths ...... 104 Abdominal Deeper Layer ...... 48 Extensor Muscles and Synovial Sheaths ...... 106 Inguinal Region: Extensor Muscles (Deep Layer) ...... 107 Superfi cial Layer (Male) ...... 49 Muscles and Tendons of the Hand ...... 108 Deep Layer (Male) ...... 50 Arteries ...... 110 Deep Layer, Hernias (Male) ...... 51 Veins ...... 112 Superfi cial and Deep Layers (Female) ...... 52 Nerves ...... 113 Sections through the Trunk ...... 53 Surface Anatomy and Cutaneous Veins: Back: Posterior Aspect ...... 115 Surface Anatomy ...... 54 Anterior Aspect ...... 116 Muscles ...... 55 Posterior Regions of Shoulder and Upper Arm: Vessels and Nerves ...... 60 Superfi cial Layer ...... 117 Spinal Cord ...... 61 Deep Layer ...... 118 Superfi cial Layer ...... 62 Deepest Layer ...... 119

RRohen_Kapitel_00_USA.inddohen_Kapitel_00_USA.indd IIVV 114.10.20204.10.2020 111:19:011:19:01 Anterior Regions of Shoulder and Upper Arm: Posterior Muscles (Gluteal Muscles) ...... 172 Superfi cial Layer ...... 120 Flexor Muscles ...... 173 Deep Layer ...... 121 Muscles of the Leg: Flexor Muscles ...... 175 Posterior Aspects of Upper Arm: Muscles of the Leg and Foot: Superfi cial Layer ...... 122 Medial and Posterior Aspects ...... 176 Deep Layer ...... 123 Lateral Aspect ...... 177 Axillary Region: Deep Flexor Muscles ...... 178 Inferior Aspect ...... 124 Extensor Muscles ...... 180 Anterior Aspect ...... 125 Sole of Foot: Muscles and Tendons ...... 181 Brachial Plexus ...... 127 Arteries ...... 184 Sections through the Shoulder and Upper Arm ...... 128 Veins ...... 186 Sections through the Forearm and Hand ...... 129 Nerves ...... 188 Upper Arm: Neurovascular Systems, Regional Anatomy ...... 130 Nerves: Lumbosacral Plexus ...... 189 Cubital Region: Surface and Regional Anatomy: Superfi cial Layer ...... 132 Posterior Aspect ...... 190 Middle Layer ...... 133 Anterior Aspect ...... 191 Deepest Layer ...... 134 Anterior Region of the Thigh: Sections through the Cubital Region ...... 135 Superfi cial Layer ...... 192 Posterior Regions of Forearm and Hand: Superfi cial Layer . . . . .136 Deeper Layer ...... 194 Posterior Regions of Forearm: Superfi cial and Deep Layer . . . . .137 Gluteal Region: Anterior Regions of Forearm and Hand: Superfi cial Layer ...... 196 Superfi cial Layer ...... 138 Deep Layer ...... 197 Deep Layer ...... 139 Posterior Region of the Thigh: Dorsum of Hand: Superfi cial and Deep Layer ...... 140 Superfi cial Layer ...... 198 Wrist and Palm: Deeper and Deepest Layer ...... 199 Superfi cial Layer ...... 142 Sections through the Pelvis and Thigh ...... 200 Deeper Layer ...... 143 Sections through the Thigh and Leg ...... 201 Palm: Knee and Popliteal Fossa: Superfi cial Layer ...... 144 Superfi cial Layer ...... 202 Deeper Layer ...... 145 Deeper Layer ...... 203 Sections through the Hand ...... 146 Deep and Deepest Layer ...... 204 Posterior and Medial Crural Region: 4 Lower Limb Superfi cial Layer ...... 205 Superfi cial and Middle Layer ...... 206 Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb ...... 149 Deep Layer ...... 207 Female and Male Pelvis: Anterior and Medial Crural Regions and Dorsum of Foot: Superior Aspect ...... 151 Superfi cial Layer ...... 208 Anterior Aspect ...... 152 Lateral Crural Region and Foot: Posterior Aspect ...... 153 Superfi cial Layer ...... 209 Sacrum and Diameters of Pelvis ...... 154 Deep Layer ...... 210 Hip Bone and Coccyx ...... 155 Sections through the Foot and Ankle Joint ...... 211 Hip Joint: Bones ...... 156 Dorsum of the Foot: Femur ...... 157 Superfi cial Layer ...... 212 Tibia and Fibula ...... 158 Superfi cial and Deep Layer ...... 213 Knee Joint: Bones ...... 159 Sole of the Foot: Foot: Bones ...... 160 Superfi cial and Middle Layer ...... 214 Pelvis and Hip Joint: Ligaments ...... 162 Middle Layer ...... 215 Knee Joint: Ligaments ...... 164 Deep Layer ...... 216 Sections through the Joints of the Ankle ...... 167 Sections through the Sole of the Foot ...... 217 Foot: Ligaments ...... 168 Sections through the Ankle Joint and Foot ...... 218 Muscles of the Thigh: Anterior Muscles ...... 170

RRohen_Kapitel_00_USA.inddohen_Kapitel_00_USA.indd V 114.10.20204.10.2020 111:21:391:21:39 Internal Organs

5 Thoracic Organs 7 Retroperitoneal Organs

Position of the Thoracic Organs ...... 220 Position of the Retroperitoneal Organs ...... 302 Respiratory System: Structure and Segments of the Kidney ...... 304 Bronchial Tree ...... 222 Kidneys: Projections of Lungs and Pleura ...... 224 Arteries and Veins ...... 305 Lungs ...... 225 Arteries ...... 306 Bronchopulmonary Segments ...... 226 Urinary System ...... 307 Heart: Retroperitoneal Region: Position of the Heart ...... 228 Lymph Vessels and Lymph Nodes ...... 310 Shape and Structure ...... 230 Vessels and Nerves ...... 312 Atrioventricular Valves ...... 232 Autonomic Nervous System ...... 314 Pulmonic and Aortic Valves ...... 233 Male Urogenital System: Direction of Blood Flow ...... 234 Position of Organs ...... 316 Conducting System ...... 235 Urinary Bladder and Related Organs ...... 318 Morphological Changes during Cardiac Cycle ...... 236 Penis ...... 320 Coronary Arteries and Veins ...... 238 Testis and Epididymis ...... 321 Fetal Circulatory System ...... 240 Accessory Glands of Genital Organs ...... 322 Regional Anatomy: Vessels ...... 324 Internal Thoracic Vein and Artery ...... 242 Vessels and Nerves ...... 327 Anterior Mediastinum and Pleura ...... 243 Male External Genital Organs: Thymus ...... 244 Superfi cial Layer ...... 328 Heart ...... 246 Deeper Layer ...... 329 Pericardium ...... 250 Muscles of the Pelvic Floor ...... 330 Pericardium and Epicardium ...... 251 Urogenital and Anal Regions in the Male: Posterior Mediastinum, Mediastinal Organs ...... 253 Superfi cial Layer ...... 331 Diaphragm ...... 260 Deeper Layer ...... 332 Sections through the Thorax ...... 262 Deepest Layer ...... 333 Mammary Gland ...... 266 Female Urogenital System: Position of Organs ...... 334 Uterus and Related Organs ...... 336 6 Abdominal Organs Arteries and Lymph Vessels ...... 338 Female Internal Genital Organs ...... 339 Position of the Abdominal Organs ...... 268 Female External Genital Organs and Inguinal Region ...... 341 Anterior Abdominal Wall ...... 269 Sections through the Female Pelvic Cavity ...... 342 Stomach ...... 270 Urogenital and Anal Regions in the Female: Pancreas and Bile Ducts ...... 272 Superfi cial Layer ...... 344 Liver ...... 275 Deeper Layer ...... 346 Spleen ...... 277 Female Genital Organs: Course of Pudendal Nerve, Vessels and Nerves ...... 278 Artery, and Vein ...... 348 Vessels ...... 279 Portal Venous System ...... 281 Mesenteric Artery and Vein ...... 282 Vessels of the Retroperitoneal Organs ...... 283 Regional Anatomy: Regional Anatomy of the Abdominal Organs ...... 284 Colon, Cecum, and Vermiform Appendix ...... 285 Mesentery, Duodenojejunal Flexure, and Ileocecal Valve ...... 286 Upper Abdominal Organs ...... 287 Lower Abdominal Organs ...... 294 Root of the Mesentery and Peritoneal Recesses ...... 296 Sections through the Abdominal Cavity ...... 298

BBuch_Rohen_engl.indbuch_Rohen_engl.indb VVII 004.09.20204.09.2020 113:00:453:00:45 Head, Neck, and Brain

8 Head and Neck Veins ...... 421 Lymph Nodes and Lymph Vessels ...... 422 Bones of the Skull: Anterior Region of the Neck: Lateral Aspect ...... 350 Superfi cial Layer...... 424 Anterior Aspect ...... 352 Deeper Layer ...... 425 Cranial Skeleton: Deeper Layer and Thyroid Gland ...... 426 Sphenoid and Occipital Bones ...... 354 Deep Layer ...... 428 Temporal Bone ...... 356 Posterior Region of the Neck: Frontal Bone ...... 358 Deep Layer ...... 429 Calvaria and Parietal Bone ...... 359 Deepest Layer ...... 430 Base of the Skull (Internal Aspect) ...... 360 Lateral Region of the Neck: Skull of the Newborn ...... 363 Superfi cial Layer...... 432 Base of the Skull (Inferior Aspect) ...... 364 Deeper Layer ...... 433 Sections through the Skull ...... 366 Deep Layer ...... 438 Facial Skeleton: Sections through the Neck ...... 441 Ethmoid Bone ...... 368 Palatine Bone and Maxilla ...... 370 Ethmoid and Palatine Bones ...... 373 9 Brain and Sensory Organs Maxilla, Zygomatic Bone, and Bony Palate ...... 375 Pterygopalatine Fossa and Orbit ...... 376 Cranial Nerves: Overview ...... 443 Nasal Bone, Lacrimal Bone, and Orbit ...... 377 Innervation Area of Cranial Nerve I: Bones of the Nasal Cavity ...... 378 Nose and Nasal Cavities ...... 446 Septum and Cartilages of the Nose ...... 379 Nerves and Vessels of Nasal Cavities ...... 448 Maxilla and Mandible with Teeth ...... 380 Sections through the Nasal Cavities and the Orbits ...... 450 Deciduous and Permanent Teeth ...... 381 Innervation Area of Cranial Nerve II: Orbit and Eye ...... 452 Mandible ...... 382 Eye: Temporomandibular Joint: Ligaments ...... 383 Eyelids and Lacrimal Apparatus ...... 453 Temporomandibular Joint and Masticatory Muscles ...... 384 Extra-Ocular Muscles ...... 454 Nasal and Oral Cavities: Overview ...... 388 Orbits ...... 456 Hyoid Bone and Muscles of the Oral Cavity ...... 389 Eyeball ...... 458 Supra- and Infrahyoid Muscles ...... 390 Visual Pathways: Facial Muscles ...... 392 Optic Tract ...... 460 Maxillary Artery ...... 394 Thalamus ...... 461 Trigeminal, Facial, Glossopharyngeal, and Cranial Nerves of the Orbit ...... 462

Hypoglossal Nerves ...... 395 Eye and Cranial Nerves II, III, IV, V1, and VI ...... 463 Regions of the Head: Cranial Nerve V ...... 466 Lateral Region ...... 396 Cranial Nerve VII ...... 468 Retromandibular Region ...... 400 Cranial Nerves in Connection with the Brainstem Infratemporal Region ...... 403 and Cranial Nerve III ...... 469 Submandibular Triangle ...... 404 Auditory and Vestibular Apparatus and Cranial Nerve VIII . . . . . 470 Oral Cavity and Salivary Glands ...... 405 Auditory and Vestibular Apparatus: Sections through the Cavities of the Head ...... 406 Temporal Bone ...... 473 Organs of the Neck: Overview ...... 408 Middle Ear ...... 474 Sections through the Head and Neck ...... 409 Internal Ear ...... 477 Muscles of the Neck: Auditory Pathway and Auditory Areas ...... 479 Anterior Aspect ...... 410 Cranial Nerves IV, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII ...... 480 Pharynx ...... 411 Brain and Meninges: Overview ...... 482 Larynx: Vertex of the Skull and Meninges ...... 483 Cartilages and Hyoid Bone ...... 414 Meninges: Muscles ...... 416 Venous Sinuses of the Dura Mater ...... 484 Vocal Folds ...... 417 Dura Mater ...... 486 Arteries ...... 418 Pia Mater and Arachnoid ...... 487 Arteries and Veins ...... 420 Sections through the Brain and the Meninges ...... 488

BBuch_Rohen_engl.indbuch_Rohen_engl.indb VVIIII 004.09.20204.09.2020 113:00:453:00:45 Brain: Upper Limb: Arteries and Veins ...... 490 Arteries and Veins of the Upper Limb ...... 534 Cerebrum ...... 497 Vessels and Nerves of the Upper Limb ...... 536 Cerebellum ...... 500 Muscles of the Upper Limb ...... 538 Corpus Callosum and Lateral Ventricle ...... 502 Innervation and Segmentation of the Upper Limb ...... 543 Lateral Ventricle and Limbic System ...... 503 Lower Limb: Limbic System ...... 504 Arteries and Veins of the Lower Limb ...... 544 Hypothalamus ...... 506 Lymphatics of the Lower Limb ...... 546 Subcortical Nuclei ...... 507 Nerves of the Lower Limb ...... 547 Ventricular System ...... 510 Vessels and Nerves of the Lower Limb ...... 548 Brainstem ...... 512 Muscles of the Lower Limb ...... 549 Sections through the Brain ...... 514 Innervation and Segmentation of the Lower Limb ...... 555 Head and Neck: Arteries and Veins of the Head and Neck ...... 556 Appendix: Additional Resources Lymphatics of the Head and Neck and Cranial Nerves . . . . 560 Cranial Nerves ...... 561 Trunk: Muscles of the Head ...... 565 Arteries and Veins of the Trunk and Body Cavity ...... 522 Muscles of the Head and Neck ...... 566 Vessels and Lymphatics of the Trunk and Body Cavity . . . . 528 Vessels and Nerves of the Head and Neck ...... 567 Muscles of the Trunk ...... 529 Innervation and Segmentation of the Trunk ...... 533 Index ...... 569

BBuch_Rohen_engl.indbuch_Rohen_engl.indb VVIIIIII 004.09.20204.09.2020 113:00:453:00:45