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Posterior and Anterior Triangles of the Neck

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Posterior and Anterior Triangles of the Neck Landmarks of the Neck M1 - Anatomy Posterior and Anterior Triangles of the Neck Jeff Dupree Sanger 9-057 828-9536 [email protected] 1 2 Landmarks of Cervical Triangles Anterior Cervical Triangle 3 4 Anterior Cervical Triangle Boundaries Anterior cervical triangle is divided into 4 smaller triangles Sup: mandible Ant: midline Muscular Lat. Post: SCM Carotid Submandibular Submental 5 6 Muscular triangle boundaries Lat/sup: sup belly of omohyoid Lat/inf: SCM Med/ant: midline 7 8 Muscles in the muscular triangle are referred to as 2 layers: infrahyoid or #1 omohyoid strap muscles sternohyoid #2 thyrohyoid Sup belly of omohyoid sternothyroid Sternohyoid Thyrohyoid Sternothyroid 9 10 Innervation of Infrahyoid/Strap Muscles Nerves of the Muscular Triangle Ansa cervicalis C1-C3 Exception: Thyrohyoid fibers directly from C1 11 12 Carotid triangle boundaries Carotid triangle Contents: Sup: post belly digastric Carotid sheath common carotid internal jugular Ant: sup belly omohyoid vagus nerve Post: SCM Ansa cervicalis (embedded in sheath) Hypoglossal nerve (XII) Arteries: Branches of ext. carotid 13 14 Contents of carotid sheath Carotid Triangle Carotid sinus Ansa cervicalis -dilatation of internal carotid frequently is embedded -innervated by CN IX within the sheath -baroreceptor that reacts to changes in blood pressure Carotid body Med: common carotid -ovoid mass positioned in the bifurcation of the carotid -innervated by CN IX Lat: internal jugular -chemoreceptor that monitors blood oxygen levels Post: vagus (CN X) 15 16 Branches of external carotid Sup. Thyroid Ascending pharyngeal Lingual Facial Occipital NOT in Carotid Triangle Post. Auricular Maxillary Superficial temporal 17 18 Nerves of Carotid Triangle 19 20 Submandibular triangle boundaries Submandibular Triangle contents Arteries: facial Sup: mandible Nerve: Post/inf: post. digastric Trigeminal Hypoglossal Ant/inf: ant. digastric Muscles: Mylohyoid Stylohyoid Gland: submandibular 21 22 Muscles of the Submandibular Triangle Posterior belly of digastric CNVII Anterior belly of digastric CN V Mylohyoid CN V Stylohyoid CN VII Suprahyoid muscles -act to elevate the hyoid -if the hyoid bone is stabilized by the infrahyoid m, can act to open the mouth **Geniohyoid C1 via CN XII 23 24 25 26 27 28 Submandibular Gland Innervation Parasympathetic Innervation (secretomotor) Superior salivatory nucleus Nervus Intermedius (VII) Chorda tympani (petrotympanic fissure) Lingual n. (V) submandibular ganglion (post syn.) Submandibular Gland 29 30 Submental Triangle Contents Submental Triangle Boundaries Sup: ant. bellies of digastrics Muscle: mylohyoid Inf: hyoid bone Venous supply: Small veins that form ant. jugular 31 32 Summary of Anterior Cervical Triangle Landmarks of the Neck Boundaries: Mandible, SCM, midline Divided into 4 triangles: Muscular, carotid, submandibular, submental Muscular: infrahyoid muscles innervated by ansa cervicalis EXCEPT thyrohyoid (C1) Carotid: carotid sheath, ansa cervicalis, branches of ext. carotid, hypoglossal n. Submandibular: submandibular gland, suprahyoid muscles Submental: crosses midline 33 34 Posterior Cervical Triangle Posterior Cervical Triangle Subdivided into 2 triangles: Occipital Supraclavicular (Subclavian) 35 36 Occipital Triangle Boundaries Occipital Triangle Ant: SCM Inf: inf. belly omohyoid Pos: trapezius 37 38 Occipital Triangle 39 40 Boundaries of the Supraclavicular Triangle Ant: SCM Inf: clavicle Sup/Pos.: inf. belly omohyoid 41 42 Summary of Posterior Cervical Triangle 2 triangles: occipital supraclavicular Occipital: 4 cutaneous nerves lesser occipital, great auricular, transverse cervical, supraclavicular 43.
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