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Night Raid on TIGER Mountain Article Troopers of the 1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile) leap from their helicopter southeast of the Khe Sanh Marine base on April 3, 1968. They were part of a force sent to drive out the North Vietnamese Army besieging the base. Afterward, the cavalrymen were ordered to attack NVA units in the nearby A Shau Valley. NIGHT RAID ON TIGER MOUNTAIN VOLUNTEERS RISK IT ALL TO SAVE THEIR 7TH CAVALRY COMRADES IN THE A SHAU VALLEY By John Montalbano AP AP PHOTO/GREENSPAN CREDITS PHOTO 22 VIETNAM OCTOBER 2020 23 American troop taking part in Operation Delaware walk through a stream in the A Shau Valley, densely packed with 1st Squadron, 9th Cavalry Regiment of the 1st took defensive positions on Landing Zone North Vietnamese forces, Cav conducted extensive aerial reconnaissance Troops Tiger while an approaching second sortie of during April 1968. missions to select flight routes, locate anti-air- watched Hueys came under fire. One of the helicopters craft and artillery weapons, and develop targets helplessly as crash-landed within yards of Alpha Company’s for airstrikes. choppers position. Soldiers on the ground rushed from On April 19, UH-1 Huey helicopters airlift- around them defensive positions to the wreck and helped ed companies of the 5th Battalion, 7th Cavalry, with the evacuation. Two troopers onboard from Camp Evans. The plan called for the 5th were shot and were killed by .51-caliber machine gun fire. Battalion, 7th Cavalry, to conduct an air assault dropped to “The Huey was a great big target in the mid- onto Tiger Mountain, an ideal position to domi- earth amid dle of my guys and continued to draw intense nate enemy supply routes coming into the valley exploding enemy fire,” said Alpha Company’s 1st Platoon from Laos, about 10 miles to the west. Nearing flak. leader, 1st Lt. Vince Laurich. After everyone the target zone, the mass of helicopters descend- was pulled from the wreck, Laurich ordered ed through dark clouds in a well-choreographed his men to remove the M60 machine guns from the helicopter. Then he assault. Gunships led the way, followed by forma- commanded, “Push it off the hill!” Soon the mangled wreck was rolling tions of Hueys carrying troops and supplies. down a steep slope. Suddenly, the world seemed to explode Heavy anti-aircraft fire and worsening weather throughout the day pre- around the assaulting troops. Bursts from intense vented additional air assaults. The men already on the ground directed sup- anti-aircraft artillery and groundfire filled the porting airstrikes to known anti-aircraft artillery positions as they dug in sky, disrupting the paths of Huey pilots slipping for the night. By the end of the following day, the 1st Cav’s 3rd Brigade was under low clouds to spot the drop zones. Troops firmly entrenched in the A Shau Valley with three infantry battalions in inside Hueys descending into a hot landing zone addition to supporting artillery. watched helplessly54 through8 open doorways as As the week wore on, the 5th Battalion’s Delta Company, patrolling near 41 Jon, choppers around them were shot down and LZ Tiger to clear the area of NVA soldiers, encountered heavy resistance dropped to earth through the hail of tracers and seemingly everywhere along the makeshift roads the enemy had carved exploding flak. into the mountainsides. On April 24, during a mission to drive the North en of the 5th Battalion, 7th Cavalry Regiment, 1st and broke the siege. Alpha Company of the 5th Battalion, 7th Cav- Vietnamese out of a saddlelike basin in the terrain below a road, Delta mapisamapthatappearedinthe October2015issue of Vietnammagazine. Youcould convertittoour cur- Cavalry Division (Airmobile), had little time to A few days later, the 5th Battalion was back in alry, was the first unit on the ground. The men Company was stopped cold by a machine gunner in a cave and a well-cam- rent style with these adjustments: rest in the early months of 1968 as enemy activities action. It departed on another complex air assault --On thetop arrow, write: 5thBattalion,7th Caval- increased in northern South Vietnam. Through- mission, Operation Delaware, initiated on April ry Regiment 3rd Brigade, TO CAMP DEMILITARIZED ZONE --On the second arrow: 1stBattalion, 7th Cavalry out January, major elements of the 1st Cav, which 19 in the cloud-shrouded A Shau Valley to strike 1st Cavalry EVANS had the most firepower and mobility of any divi- North Vietnamese bases that had been used to —Onthe third arrow: 2nd Battalion, 7thCavalry 5th Battalion, Division Camp Evans —Bythe circledpart, write: Position of DeltaCom- sion-sized unit in Vietnam, moved their base of operations northward from launch the Tet attacks on Hue. Enemy troops in NVA 7th Cavalry (Airmobile) MILES Khe Sanh Hue pany, 5thBattalion,April 25-26, 1968 M Regiment 1st Battalion, An Khe in the Central Highlands to Camp Evans, about 15 miles northwest the valley, on the western edge of Vietnam, were artillery 7th Cavalry —Onthe insetmap,takeout QuangTri and add 0 3 Da Nang of Hue to support Marine Corps operations in the region. less than 30 miles west of Hue. Operation Dela- positions ENLARGED Camp Evans slightly northofHue,almosttouching AREA The move involved 20,000 men, 450 helicopters, artillery and supplies. ware was a combined airmobile and ground at- (in red) 1st Brigade, on this scale 2nd 101st LAOS The troops riding in huge truck convoys passing through Hue never sus- tack using elements of three divisions—the 1st Battalion, 1st Brigade, Airborne Div. (whichyou wouldprobablydoanywaysince that’s not pected they would return in two short weeks to fight thousands of North Cavalry, the 101st Airborne and the South Viet- 7th Cavalry 1st Cav. Div. (Airmobile) HO CHI ourstyle).You canalsotakeout theriver names, but Vietnamese Army regulars and Viet Cong forces during the communists’ namese 1st Division. 547 MINH leaveinthe road numbers. EliminateALuoi (includ- Tet Offensive, launched Jan. 31, 1968, throughout South Vietnam. TRAIL CAMBODIA Hue was engulfed in some of Tet’s deadliest warfare. On Feb. 4, the 5th he A Shau Valley sits between two moun- 548 TO DA NANG Battalion, 7th Cavalry, was airlifted to a site about 6 miles northwest of Hue. tain ranges about 5,000 feet high with Position 547A TEXT FOR MAP The battalion was ordered to work its way south and engage enemy units rugged, treacherous slopes at steep angles. Phnom T of Delta 547 Penh attempting to resupply, reinforce, enter or escape from the city’s northwest North Vietnamese forces had been in control of Company, SOUTH quadrant. Particularly intense combat occurred during a battle in a wooded the area since March 1966 when they overran a 5th Battalion, the text above. April 25-26, OPERATION VIETNAM area that housed the NVA’s central headquarters and supply base for the U.S. Special Forces camp at the valley’s southern 1968 fighting in Hue. Both sides sustained heavy casualties, but cavalry troopers end. No U.S. or South Vietnamese forces had A S H A U DELAWARE Saigon SOUTH defeated the NVA defenders and had swept the encampment by Feb. 22. penetrated the A Shau for two years. The NVA LAOS VALLEY April 19-May 17, 1968 The following day, the battalion was ambushed just outside Hue by enemy sanctuary was protected by dug-in ground forces CHINA SEA forces concealed in a cemetery. and anti-aircraft weapons that included 12.7 mm On Feb. 25, the 7th Cavalry troopers reached the walls of Hue’s Citadel, heavy machine guns and 57 mm flak cannons. The U.S. military launched Operation Delaware on April 19, 1968, to push the North Vietnamese Army out of a centuries-old walled fortress within the city. On April 1, they saddled-up Between April 14 and 19, more than 100 B-52 the A Shau Valley, where NVA bases and supply routes had been used for attacks on U.S. troops. The assault for Operation Pegasus, a joint effort with other U.S. Army units and South bomber sorties, 200 Air Force and Marine fighter forces included three battalions of the 3rd Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile). While on patrol April 25, Vietnamese troops to clear heavy concentrations of NVA soldiers sur- sorties, and numerous flights of helicopters with the 1st Platoon of Delta Company, 5th Battalion, 7th Cavalry Regiment, was ambushed and cut off from the rounding the Marine base at Khe Sahn, which had been under siege since aerial rocket artillery attacked targets in the val- rest of the company. That night volunteers in a rescue party led by 1st Lt. James M. “Mike” Sprayberry set out AP PHOTO/EDDIE ADAMS AP PHOTO/EDDIE Jan. 21. On April 8, the 2nd Battalion of the 7th Cavalry reached the base ley in preparation for the main troop assault. The BOCK JON MAP: C. on a daring nighttime mission to find and save the survivors of 1st Platoon. 24 VIETNAM OCTOBER 2020 25 for almost a week. He grabbed a fire unless necessary. Sprayberry reminded the The reserve units learned of 1st Platoon’s short men to be especially careful whenever beams of and fierce contact with the enemy only when a grenade, moonlight penetrated openings in the clouds radio transmission by Mitchell—now handling pulled the pin, because “visibility might improve to 5 or 6 feet both the platoon and headquarters communi- lobbed it for both sides.” cations—reported that Lambert was seriously uphill and The 10 troopers covered a good distance un- wounded. The 2nd and 3rd platoons immediately instantly seen before receiving small-arms fire from two mobilized, but their attempts to reach the isolat- positions on each side of the road.
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