The Fenian Raids in Quebec 1866-1870

Authors

Tim Belford – The 150th anniversary of the 1866 Fenian Raid along the Vermont border in the Eastern Townships > Quescren Concordia http://quescren.concordia.ca/fr/search?creator=%22Belford%2C+Tim%22

Érica Boisvert – Alexander Dougall Blackader, physician, surgeon, author, professor and editor who served in the campaign against the Fenians as assistant surgeon of the Montreal Garrison Artillery Brigade based in Huntingdon > Biographi.ca http://www.biographi.ca/fr/bio/blackader_alexander_dougall_16F.html http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/blackader_alexander_dougall_16F.html

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J.-C. Bonenfant – Bernard Devlin, lawyer and politician who in 1864 was engaged by the United States government in the legal action taken at Montréal against Confederates who had been involved in the St. Albans raid. Bernard Devlin was an officer of the militia for fifteen years and in June 1866 commanded the 1st regiment of the Prince of Wales Rifles against the Fenians > Biographi.ca http://www.biographi.ca/fr/bio/devlin_bernard_10F.html http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/devlin_bernard_10F.html

Joseph Stanislaus Brusher – The Fenian Invasions of Canada > Quescren Concordia http://quescren.concordia.ca/fr/search?page=4&page- len=1&title=Fenians&sort=score

Robin B. Burns – Thomas D’Arcy McGee, journalist, poet, politician with a birth in 1825 at Carlingfoed, Ireland and a death at Ottawa in 1868. As politician McGee strongly opposed the Fenian movement > Biographi.ca http://www.biographi.ca/fr/bio/mcgee_thomas_d_arcy_9F.html http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/mcgee_thomas_d_arcy_9F.html

Laurent Busseau – Les Feniens arrivent; histoire illustrée d’une invasion irlandaise à l’origine de la Confédération (1866-1870) > BAnQ Catalogue https://cap.banq.qc.ca/notice?id=p%3A%3Ausmarcdef_0005369481&posInSet=1 &queryId=b10432bd-cc5c-4feb-885f-fbe70135e8ff

Laurent Busseau – The Fenians are coming; an illustrated history of an Irish invasion in the early years of Canadian Confederation (1866-1870) > BAnQ Catalogue https://cap.banq.qc.ca/notice?id=p%3A%3Ausmarcdef_0005369484&posInSet=1 6&queryId=b10432bd-cc5c-4feb-885f-fbe70135e8ff https://cap.banq.qc.ca/notice?id=p%3A%3Ausmarcdef_0005369484&posInSet=1 &queryId=b862fefa-f00b-4c75-b632-0edf318c10eb

Laurent Busseau – Freligsburg dans la tourmente; les invasions irlandaises de juin 1866 et mai 1870 > Société d’histoire et de patrimoine de Freligsburg https://frelighsburg.com/societe-dhistoire-et-de-patrimoine-de-frelighsburg/

Laurent Busseau – Des miliciens des Cantons de l’Est contre les Fenians > Histoire Québec Vol 19 #3 > Érudit > Quescren Concordia Recherche avancée – Érudit Résultats de recherche – Résultats de recherche – Érudit http://quescren.concordia.ca/fr/search?page=16&page- len=1&title=Fenians&sort=score

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Francis Wayland Campbell – The Fenian invasions of Canada of 1866 and 1870 and the operations of the Montreal Militia Brigade in connection therewith; a lecture delivered before the Montreal Military Institute – 55 pages > John Lowell and Son Limited, Montreal 1904 > BAnQ Catalogue > BAnQ Collections (Online version) > BAnQ Numérique (Online version) https://cap.banq.qc.ca/notice?id=p%3A%3Ausmarcdef_0000127775&posInSet=7 0&queryId=b10432bd-cc5c-4feb-885f-fbe70135e8ff Book available online http://collections.banq.qc.ca/ark:/52327/2099877 http://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/2099877?docref=zVJP87n G-tB4KuGKwXXNww&docsearchtext=Fenian

Collectif (various authors) - A brief account of the Fenian raids on the Missisquoi frontier in 1866 and 1870 – 36 pages > Archive.org > BAnQ Catalogue > Amazon.ca > Chapters-Indigo http://www.archive.org/stream/cihm_02836/cihm_02836_djvu.txt Full text https://cap.banq.qc.ca/bienvenue > The Fenian raids, 1866-1870, Missisquoi county Results (banq.qc.ca) https://www.amazon.ca/ > Fenian raids on the Missisquoi frontier 1866-1870 Amazon.ca : A brief account of the Fenian raids on the Missisquoi https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/ > Fenian Raids on the Missisquoi Frontier 1866-1870 A brief account of the Fenian raids on the Missisquoi in all shops | chapters.indigo.ca

Collectif (various authors) – Fenians gather on the Huntingdon border > Canadian Genealogy.net http://www.canadiangenealogy.net/fenian-raids-1866-1870.htm

Collectif (various authors) – Battle of Trout River (Huntingdon) – 27 May 1870 > Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Trout_River

Collectif (various authors) – The Fenians > Biographi.ca http://www.biographi.ca/en/theme_fenians.html http://www.biographi.ca/fr/theme_fenians.html

Collectif (various authors) – The Fenian Raids > Biographi.ca http://www.biographi.ca/fr/theme_fenians.html?p=2 http://www.biographi.ca/en/theme_fenians.html?p=2

Collectif (various authors) – Fenian Brotherhood > Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenian_Brotherhood https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenian_Brotherhood

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Collectif (various authors) – The Fenian Raids of 1866 – The volunteers of Gore township > Canton de Gore.qc.ca https://cantondegore.qc.ca/storage/app/media/uploaded-files/History of Gore VII.pdf

Collectif (various authors) – L’histoire de Gore – Les raids des fenians de 1866 et les volontaires de Gore > Cantons de Gore.qc.ca https://www.cantondegore.qc.ca/storage/app/media/uploaded-files/Histoire de Gore VII.pdf

Collectif (various authors) – Reporters present at the scenes of the Irish American Fenian raids along the Quebec border and the actions of the Quebec- based militia defending the frontier > Quescren Concordia http://quescren.concordia.ca/fr/search?creator=%22Reporters+Present+at+the+ Scenes%2C+%22

John W. Dafoe – The Fenian invasion of Quebec, 1866 > The Canadian Magazine Vol 10 #4 1898 > Quescren Concordia http://quescren.concordia.ca/fr/search?page=5&page- len=1&title=Fenians&sort=score

Heather A. Darch – Vagabonds and Scoundrels; History on the Line in Old Missisquoi County > Heritage News Vol. 5 #11 2010 http://qahn.org/speaker/heather-darch Les Féniens dans les Cantons de l’Est | Bibliographie sur le Québec anglophone (concordia.ca)

Peter Edwards – Delusion; the true story of Victorian superspy Henri Le Caron – 344 pages > Key Porter Books > BAnQ Catalogue https://cap.banq.qc.ca/notice?id=p%3A%3Ausmarcdef_0003609900&posInSet=1 9&queryId=b10432bd-cc5c-4feb-885f-fbe70135e8ff

Lavergne Frequet – Fenianism and the Fenian Raids on the Eastern Townships in 1866 and 1870 > Quescren Concordia http://quescren.concordia.ca/fr/search?creator=%22Frequet%2C+Lavergne%22

Robert J. Grace – The Irish in Quebec; An introduction to the Historiography > Amazon.ca > Publications Université Laval https://www.amazon.ca/Irish-Quebec-Robert-J-Grace/dp/2892241863 https://www.pulaval.com/produit/the-irish-in-quebec-an-introduction-to-the- historiography-followed-by-an-annotated-bibliography-on-the-irish-in-quebec

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Harold McGill Jackson – The Sherbrooke Regiment – 12th Armoured Regiment at the Fenian Raids of 1866 and 1870 > BAnQ Numérique http://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/2754531?docref=NjSTbE4 HeU9VUL45C5NnFQ&docsearchtext=Fenians Book available online

Brian Jenkins – The Fenian problem; insurgency and terrorism in a liberal state, 1858-1874 – 499 pages > McGill-Queen’s University Press > BAnQ Catalogue https://cap.banq.qc.ca/notice?id=p%3A%3Ausmarcdef_0003625976&posInSet=2 0&queryId=b10432bd-cc5c-4feb-885f-fbe70135e8ff

Ross Jones – The Irish American Fenians and the Missisquoi Red Sashes Regiment of 1870 at the battle of Eccles Hill near the Eastern Townships village of Frelighsburg > Quescren Concordia The Canadian Militia Book online https://electriccanadian.com/forces/canadianmilitia00chamuoft.pdf The Royal Scots Book online https://electricscotland.com/history/scotreg/5thregimentroyal00chamuoft.pdf http://quescren.concordia.ca/fr/search?type=journalArticle&sort=date_desc

Christopher Klein – When the Irish invaded Canada; the incredible true story of the civil war veterans who fought for Ireland’s freedom – The battles of the Fenian attacks at Missisquoi County in the Eastern Townships. In the 1866 invasion, the Fenians captured several small villages, among them St. Armand, Pigeon Hill, Frelighsburg. In 1870 the Fenians again attempted to cross into Missisquoi County but were driven back by a local militia known as the Red Sashes > Doubleday > BAnQ Catalogue > Quescren Concordia https://cap.banq.qc.ca/notice?id=p%3A%3Ausmarcdef_0006068467&posInSet=1 7&queryId=b10432bd-cc5c-4feb-885f-fbe70135e8ff c

Hector Langevin – Documents relatifs aux incursions des rebelles sudistes sur la frontière des États-Unis et à l’invasion du Canada par les Feniens – 176 pages > BAnQ Catalogue > BAnQ Numérique https://cap.banq.qc.ca/notice?id=p%3A%3Ausmarcdef_0001521217&posInSet=1 3&queryId=b10432bd-cc5c-4feb-885f-fbe70135e8ff http://online.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.54685

J.I. Little – Skedadders and Fenians > Eastern Townships Resource Centre > BAnQ Numérique http://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/2211730?docref=AwN6GD Ao7LKIOY2IWTRNaw&docsearchtext=Fenians

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J.I. Little – From Borderland to Bordered Land: Reaction in the Eastern Townships Press to the American Civil War and the Threat of the Fenian Invasion > HSSH Journals > Simon Fraser University > York University https://hssh.journals.yorku.ca/index.php/hssh/article/download/40042/36246/0 https://www.sfu.ca/history/faculty-and-staff/retired/jack-little1.html

Shane Lyn – Before the Fenians: 1848 and the Irish plot to invade Canada by Irish nationalist émigrés in the United States and Lower Canada to undertake an invasion or create an insurrection in Lower Canada in 1849 > Quescren Concordia http://quescren.concordia.ca/fr/search?type=journalArticle&sort=date_desc

Cheryl MacDonald – Canada under attack: Irish American Veterans of the Civil War and their Fenian campaign to conquer Canada > Chapters-Indigo https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/fr-ca/livres/canada-under-attack-irish- american/9781459409521-article.html

Robert Franklin McGee – The Fenian raids on the Huntingdon frontier, 1866 and 1870 – 66 pages > BAnQ Catalogue > Google Books > Missisquoi County Historical Society > Quescren Concordia https://cap.banq.qc.ca/notice?id=p%3A%3Ausmarcdef_0000220470&posInSet=8 &queryId=f66e8b2e-4daa-4e70-a15d-0c4f4bbe29c2 https://www.google.ca/search?hl=fr&tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Robert+Fr anklin+McGee%22 http://quescren.concordia.ca/fr/search?page=17&page- len=1&title=Fenians&sort=score

Robert Franklin McGee – Fenian Raid at Trout River – 1870 > Châteauguay Valley Historical Society 1970 > Quescren Concordia http://quescren.concordia.ca/fr/search?page=8&page- len=1&title=Fenians&sort=score

Thomas D’Arcy McGee – An account of the attempts to establish Fenianism in Montreal > Quescren Concordia http://quescren.concordia.ca/fr/search?page=18&page- len=1&title=Fenians&sort=score

George Hugh Alexander Montgomery – Missisquoi Bay (Philipsburg) – The Fenian Raids of 1866 and 1870 and the Rebellion of 1837-38 > BAnQ Numérique Book available online http://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/2636119?docref=KL8Qs9A _bSFJG4L9s5ALhg&docsearchtext=Fenians

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Desmond Morton – James Alexander Lindsay, British military officer as a lieutenant-general was instrumental in the creation of Canadian regiments from disbanded British soldiers to prevent Fenian attacks > Biographi.ca http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/lindsay_james_alexander_10F.html http://www.biographi.ca/fr/bio/lindsay_james_alexander_10F.html

Sophie Olivier – Les fenians d’Irlande; une lecture du nationalisme révolutionnaire irlandais – 283 pages > Publication Peter Lang, Berne, Suisse > BAnQ Catalogue https://cap.banq.qc.ca/notice?id=p%3A%3Ausmarcdef_0005138709&posInSet=4 &queryId=b862fefa-f00b-4c75-b632-0edf318c10eb

Robert Sellar – History of the County of Huntingdon and the Seigniories of Châteauguay and Beauharnois > Google Books https://books.google.ca/books?id=fehXywAACAAJ&dq=inauthor:%22Robert+Fra nklin+McGee%22&hl=fr&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiRy- vggffqAhUDl3IEHbmeCMwQ6AEwAHoECAAQAQ

Elinor Senior – Frederick William Ermatinger, soldier and office holder with a birth at Sault-Ste-Marie, Ontario and a death at Montreal. In 1866 he was appointed as a senior police magistrate at Sweetsburg (Cowansville) in the Eastern Townships to command the government police while Fenian prisoners were being tried > Biographi.ca http://www.biographi.ca/fr/bio/ermatinger_frederick_william_1811_1869_9F.html http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/ermatinger_frederick_william_1811_1869_9F.html

Hereward Senior – The Fenians and Canada – The last invasion of Canada: the Fenian raids 1866-1870 – 226 pages > Dundrum Press > Canadian War Museum https://cap.banq.qc.ca/notice?id=p%3A%3Ausmarcdef_0000323707&posInSet=2 9&queryId=b10432bd-cc5c-4feb-885f-fbe70135e8ff

Hereward Senior – Quebec and the Fenians > Quescren Concordia http://quescren.concordia.ca/fr/search?page=2&page- len=1&title=Fenians&sort=score

Hereward Senior – Thomas Billis Beach, also known as Henri Le Caron and Dr. Howard with a birth in 1841 at Colchester, England and a death at London, England. Le Caron in 1867 was able to penetrate into the inner circles of the Fenian leadership > Biographi.ca http://www.biographi.ca/fr/bio/beach_thomas_billis_12F.html http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/beach_thomas_billis_12F.html

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Hereward Senior – The last invasion of Canada: The Fenian Raids 1866-1870 > Dundurn Press > Canadian War Museum > Quescren Concordia http://quescren.concordia.ca/fr/search?page=14&page- len=1&title=Fenians&sort=score

P. J. Smith – War at the border with Fenians massing at our border. It fell to an unlikely band of sharpshooting citizens in Quebec to defend Canada > Quescren Concordia > Canadian History Les Féniens dans les Cantons de l’Est | Bibliographie sur le Québec anglophone (concordia.ca) http://quescren.concordia.ca/fr/exhibit/fenians-townships https://www.canadashistory.ca/explore/military-war/war-at-the-border

Kenneth L. Smith-Christmas – The Fenian needham conversion rifle: A tangible piece of Irish, American, and Canadian history – Armaments issued to American Fenians and the Missisquoi Red Sashes during the battle of Eccles Hill near the Eastern Townships village of Frelighsburg > Quescren Concordia Your search result | Bibliographie sur le Québec anglophone (concordia.ca) http://quescren.concordia.ca/fr/search?type=journalArticle&sort=date_desc C.P. Stacey – John Michel, military officer who in 1865 was appointed to command of the forces in British North America and in 1867 had to deal with the first and most serious phase of the Fenian trouble > Biographi.ca http://www.biographi.ca/fr/bio/michel_john_11F.html http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/michel_john_11F.html

C.P. Stacey – William Osborne Smith, military officer, appointed in 1865 to the militia staff as adjutant-general at Montreal when the first extensive military precautions were taken against the Fenian Brotherhoods > Biographi.ca http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/smith_william_osborne_11F.html http://www.biographi.ca/fr/bio/smith_william_osborne_11F.html

Lorne Ste. Croix – Charles-Joseph Coursol, lawyer, office holder, politician, businessman, militia officer with a birth at Amherstburg, Ontario and a death at Montmagny. In 1861, he raised a militia regiment, the Canadian Chasseurs and as a lieutenant-colonel, commanded the Canadian-American border during the Fenian threat of 1866 > Biographi.ca http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/coursol_charles_joseph_11F.html http://www.biographi.ca/fr/bio/coursol_charles_joseph_11F.html

April M. Stewart – The Fenian Raid on Trout River, Quebec, 1870 > Quebec Heritage News, 2019 > Quescren Concordia http://qahn.org/quebec-heritage-news http://quescren.concordia.ca/fr/search?type=magazineArticle&sort=date_desc Your search result | Bibliographie sur le Québec anglophone (concordia.ca)

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Edward J. Struthers – The Fenians at Eccles Hill, Quebec, May 25th, 1870 > Stanstead County Historical Journal Vol. 4 – 1971 > Quescren Concordia http://quescren.concordia.ca/fr/search?page=12&page- len=1&title=Fenians&sort=score

Alexandre-Antonin Taché – Fenian Raid; an open letter from Archbishop Taché to Gilbert McMicken > BAnQ Catalogue https://cap.banq.qc.ca/notice?id=p%3A%3Ausmarcdef_0000417683&posInSet=2 &queryId=f66e8b2e-4daa-4e70-a15d-0c4f4bbe29c2

P. M. Toner – The Home Rule League in Canada: The Fenian Raids 1866-1870 > The Canadian Journal of Irish Studies Vol. 15 #1 – 1989 > Quescren Concordia http://quescren.concordia.ca/fr/search?page=13&page- len=1&title=Fenians&sort=score

Peter Vronsky – Fenians History > Fenians.org http://www.fenians.org/fenianbrotherhood.htm

David A. Wilson – The Fenians in Montreal, 1862-68, invasion, intrigue and assassination > University of Toronto > Research Gate > Questia.com > Amazon.com https://www.researchgate.net/publication/290956873_The_Fenians_in_Montreal _1862-68_Invasion_Intrigue_and_Assassination https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-111265620/the-fenians-in-montreal- 1862-68-invasion-intrigue https://www.amazon.com/Montreal-Invasion-Intrigue-Assassination-Eire- Ireland/dp/B00ET1CALI

David A. Wilson – Irish nationalism in Canada – 244 pages > McGill-Queen’s University Press > BAnQ Catalogue https://cap.banq.qc.ca/notice?id=p%3A%3Ausmarcdef_0003802090&posInSet=1 8&queryId=b10432bd-cc5c-4feb-885f-fbe70135e8ff

David A. Wilson – The Fenian world of Jeremiah Gallagher, 1837-1914 > Quescren Concordia http://quescren.concordia.ca/fr/search?creator=%22Wilson%2C+David+A.%22 Your search results | Bibliographie sur le Québec anglophone (concordia.ca)

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Repositories

Grande Bibliothèque de Montréal 475, boulevard de Maisonneuve Est Montréal (Québec) H2L 2C4 Téléphone 514-873-1100 1-800-363-9028 http://www.banq.qc.ca/a_propos_banq/informations_pratiques/grande_bibliotheq ue/

Bibliothèque nationale blogues.banq.qc.ca/caenetbibliothequenationale/

BAnQ Vieux-Montréal 535, avenue Viger Est Montréal (Québec) H2L 2P3 Metro Berri-UQAM or Champ-de-Mars Telephone: 514 873-1100 or 1 800 363-9028, option 4 then option 1 email: [email protected] www.banq.qc.ca/archives/entrez_archives/centres_archives/ca_montreal.html?la nguage_id=1

BAnQ Québec Campus de l'Université Laval 1055, avenue du Séminaire Québec City (Québec) G1V 5C8 Telephone: 418 643-8904 or 1 800 363-9028, option 4 then option 2 email: [email protected] www.banq.qc.ca/archives/entrez_archives/centres_archives/ca_quebec.html

BAnQ Sherbrooke 225, rue Frontenac, bureau 401 Sherbrooke (Québec) J1H 1K1 Telephone: 819 820-3010 or 1 800 363-9028, option 4 then option 6 E-mail: [email protected] www.banq.qc.ca/archives/entrez_archives/centres_archives/ca_estrie.html

BAnQ Ask a question https://banq.qc.ca/formulaires/formulaire_reference/index.html?language_id=1

BAnQ Poser une question https://banq.qc.ca/formulaires/formulaire_reference/index.html?language_id=3

BAnQ Ask a Question Mobile www.banq.qc.ca/mobile/formulaire_reference/index.html?language_id=1

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BAnQ Numérique http://numerique.banq.qc.ca/

BAnQ Catalogue https://cap.banq.qc.ca/bienvenue

BAnQ Collections https://www.banq.qc.ca/ > Collections

Library and Archives Canada https://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/Pages/home.aspx

Bibliothèque et Archives Canada https://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/fra/decouvrez/exploration-colonisation/nouvelle-france- horizons-nouveaux/Pages/etablir.aspx

Archives de Montréal Revue canadienne https://archivesdemontreal.ica-atom.org/revue-canadienne-montreal-quebec

Eastern Townships Resource Centre – Archives Department www.etrc.ca/archival-services/

History

Academia https://www.academia.edu/

Amazon.ca http://www.amazom.ca/

Bibliographie sur le Québec anglophone http://quescren.concordia.ca/fr/

Biographi.ca http://www.biographi.ca/en http://www.biographi.ca/fr

Bishop’s University https://www.ubishops.ca/fr/

Chapters-Indigo https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/home/storelocator/storedetails/794

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Concordia University Publications https://www.concordia.ca/fr/actualites/publications.html

Eastern Townships Resource Centre – Journal of Eastern Townships Studies www.etrc.ca/journal/

Érudit https://www.erudit.org/

HSSH Journals – York University https://hssh.journals.yorku.ca

JSTOR https://www.jstor.org/

Les anciennes troupes militaires de Montréal https://atmmontreal.com/en/home/

Literary and Historical Society of Quebec http://www.histoirequebec.qc.ca/membres_details.asp?id=2679

McCord Museum https://www.musee-mccord.qc.ca/fr/ https://www.musee-mccord.qc.ca/en/

McGill University Archives Special collection http://www.archives.mcgill.ca

McGill-Queen’s University Press https://www.mqup.ca/

Université de Montréal Les presses de l’Université de Montréal https://www.pum.umontreal.ca/

Université du Québec à Montréal https://uqam.ca/

Université de Sherbrooke Les Éditions de l’Université de Sherbrooke https://www.uherbrooke.ca/leseditions/

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Researched and compiled by: Jacques Gagné [email protected] 2020-08-01

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