DOCSLIB.ORG

EESTI EEST! Pilguheit Kaitseliidu Lähiminevikku 1988–2008

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
EESTI EEST! Pilguheit Kaitseliidu Lähiminevikku 1988–2008 EESTI EEST! Pilguheit Kaitseliidu lähiminevikku 1988–2008 EESTI EEST! Pilguheit Kaitseliidu lähiminevikku 1988–2008 Tallinn 2008 Peatoimetaja: Merike Jürjo Toimetuskolleegium: kapten Neeme Brus, kapten Ivar Jõesaar, major Meelis Kivi, PhD Ago Pajur, major Mart Puusepp, Tanel Lään Fotod: KL digitaalne fotoarhiiv Kaitseliit ISBN 9985-9564-?-? Kujundus Rainer Alas KUMA KIRJASTUS, 2008 [email protected] Trükk: Kuma trükikoda, Paide Kõvaköide: Tallinna Raamatutrükikoda Tagasipilk minevikku kinnitab meie usku tulevikku Hea lugeja, damine, riigikaitse seostatus kodanikeühiskonnaga, see raamat püüab anda Sulle ühe võimaliku pildi välis- ja sisekaitselise tegevuse integratsioon, on Kaitseliidu lähiajaloost. Nagu ei saa kunagi rääkida märksõnad, mida klassikaliste armeemudelite tormi- ajaloo sajaprotsendiliselt täpsest kirjeldamisest, ei saa lise ümberhindamise ja muutmise perioodi üle elavas me ka väita, et järgnevates peatükkides on kirjas kõik Lääne-Euroopas peetakse täna tihti uuteks ja mood- ja kogu tõde. Nii palju, kui on erinevaid inimesi, on sateks. Võime julgelt sellise organisatsioonimudeliga ka erinevaid arvamusi, hinnanguid, meenutusi ja ka tulevikule vastu minna, ilma et peaksime taotlema tõekspidamisi. Ometigi võime seda raamatut luge- pidevaid revolutsioonilisi reforme. Asume tugeval des leida palju kinnitusi neile ühistele väärtustele, filosoofilisel ja ideoloogilisel alusel, mis lubab meile millele tuginedes saame selge pilguga vaadata Kait- rahulikku ja tasakaalustatud arengut. seliidu tulevikku. Üheks meie peamiseks jõuks on ühised jagatud väär- Kaitseliidu taasloomisele vahetult järgnenud aastatel tused, millele tuginebki Kaitseliidu tulevikuvisioon: oli organisatsiooni pilk enda määratlemisel ja tege- vabatahtlikkus, isamaalisus, kogukonna- ja perekesk- vuse korraldamisel suunatud ennekõike minevikku. sus, avatus ja omaalgatus. Neid väärtusi tuleb hoida Taasloodava organisatsiooni eeskujud, aated ja ka ja sihikindlalt arendada. Kaitseliidu tegeliku elu korraldamise juhised ammu- Kogu Eesti territooriumil organiseeritud jõu kohal- tati aastakümnetetagusest kogemusest. oleku ja valmisoleku tagamiseks vajalike nüüdisaeg- Organisatsiooni arenedes õpiti aeglaselt ja visalt sete mitmeotstarbeliste väikeüksuste arendamine on toime tulema oleviku probleemidega, suudeti hin- olulisim Kaitseliidu sõjalise ettevalmistuse osa. nata tegelikku olukorda nii ühiskonnas kui ka Kait- Samaväärselt tuleb arendada Kaitseliitu kui kodani- seliidus ning asuda lahendama konkreetsel hetkel keühendust, kujundades seda Eesti kodanikuühis- aktuaalsena tundunud probleeme. konna riigikaitselise suunitlemise liidriks. 2002. aastal, 12 aastat pärast Kaitseliidu taasloomist, Lisagem siia organisatsiooni juhtimise ja haldamise asuti koostama Kaitseliidu esimest arengukava aasta- jätkuva korrastamise ning ülesannete ja võimete teks 2003–2008. Täna oleme koostamas Kaitseliidu tasakaalustamise. tulevikuvisiooni järgneva kümne aasta perspektiivis Niisiis on Kaitseliidu tänaseks tulevikuvisiooniks ja konkreetset arengukava kuni 2013. aastani. traditsioonilistele väärtustele tuginev nüüdisaegne Kaitseliidu tulevikuvisioon rajaneb meie uhkel aja- kodanikeühendus ja riigikaitseorganisatsioon, mis loolisel traditsioonil, ühistel väärtustel ja aadetel, suudab kaasata Eesti kodanikke mõtestatud ja aren- aga ka tänase maailma kainel hinnangul ning meie davasse tegevusse ning täita sel teel kõige erineva- kasutuses oleval nüüdisaegsel oskusteabel. maid riigikaitselisi ülesandeid. Oleme esiisadelt pärinud kadestamisväärselt hästi Soovin Kaitseliidu lähiajaloo raamatu lugejatele ära- tänapäeva sobituva organisatsioonimudeli. Meie jaoks tundmise hetki minevikku meenutades ning kaasa- juba ajaloost tuntud eesmärgid, nagu kodanike vaba mõtlemist ja koostöötahet meie tulevikuvisioonide tahte kasvatamine, arendamine ja tegevusse raken- teokstegemisel! Raivo Lumiste Kolonelleitnant Kaitseliidu ülem KL ülem kolonelleitnant Raivo Lumiste 5 See raamat on nagu piiritulp veel vallutamata maal, kõik tahaksid seda kasutada meie isesisvuse ja vabaduse mille sügavustesse kaob 90-aastane Kaitseliidu aja- kaitseks ja ainult selleks.1 Selle raamatu lehekülgedelt lugu. Kaitseliidu üldist ajalugu püüti kirjutada juba saab lugeja aimu, kuidas see üle aastakümnete püsi- enne II maailmasõda, kuid raamatute väljaandmiseni nud mõte laulva revolutsiooni tuultes jällegi tege- jõudsid siis vaid mõned malevad. 1940. aasta pöör- likkuseks vormus. Kaitseliidu taastamisele panid siis delised sündmused ja pärastsõjajärgne teine nõuko- ühelt poolt aluse isamaalised mehed, kes koondusid gude okupatsioon tegid Kaitseliidu üldajaloo koos- äreval ajal oma kodu ja eestimaiste väärtuste kait- tamise hoopiski võimatuks. Üleöö muutusid seni seks, ja teisalt kunagised kodutüred ja noorkotkad, uhkusega Kaitseliidu vormi kandnud 43 000 meest kes 1989. aastal organiseerudes alustasid Kaitseliidu ja pea 17 000 Naiskodukaitse sinihallis vormiklei- noorteorganisatsioonides omandatud väärtushinnan- dis naist, kodutütred ja noorkotkad riigivastasteks, gute elluäratamist. Aga nagu öeldakse – iga suur edu kellelt järgnenud okupatsiooniaastate jooksul võeti on kangekaelsuse triumf. Kaitseliidu kohta kehtib tõene ajalugu ja püüti võtta isegi nende mälu. Kuid see kõige ilmekamalt. soov ja püüd iseseisva riigi poole ei kadunud eest- Seega on tegu esimese raamatuga, mis üleüldse püüab laste mälust ning talletus vaid sügavamale mälusop- haarata Kaitseliidu ajalugu tervikuna ühe perioodi pidesse, oodates õiget aega. ulatuses. Pettub see, kes loodab raamatust leida hin- Mõte alustada Kaitseliidu üldajaloo uurimist ja talle- nangulist uurimust. Nendes ülevaadetes segunevad tamist sündis mõni aasta tagasi KL Peastaabi esindaja- dokumendid ja inimmälu, kusjuures mitmegi maleva tel ja mitme maleva ajaloouurijal. Otsus alustada just loos domineerib just viimane. See aga annab tõuke ja lähiajaloo jäädvustamisest – Kaitseliidu taastamisest tuletab meelde, kui oluline on just nüüd, kohe täna 1990. aastail tänapäevani, sündis üksmeelselt. Leiti, alustada veel mälussoppides peituvate mälestuste ja et veel on võimalik ühendada kuivad arhiividoku- meenutuste talletamist, veel üles otsida kolikamb- mendid ja asjaosaliste elav mälu, veel on meie hulgas ritesse paremaid aegu ootama pandud 1990. aastate isikuid, kes ise selles protsessis osalesid, veel mäleta- alguse dokumendid, mis mõnelgi puhul ruudulisele takse sündmusi ja inimesi, veel elavad mälus kõrvuti koolivihikulehele kirjutatuna ei jätagi tänapäeva dramaatilised ja naljakad pisiseigad. mõistes klassikalise dokumendi muljet, aga sisusse Kaitseliit on kolm korda sündinud – 1918, 1924 süüvides osutuvad Kaitseliidu malevkonna või Nais- ja 1990. Kas kolmandat korda sündida on kergem? kodukaitse jaoskonna taastamisprotokolliks. Arvatakse, et esimene sünd olevat kõige raskem, Iga ajalookirjutaja seisab keerulise ülesande ees, sest kuid selle raamatu taustal tundub, et kõige keeruli- lugeja soov on saada teada, kuidas kõik oli. Kuidas sem on olnud siiski viimane Kaitseliidu taassünd. kõik täpselt toimus? Kes komistas ja tõusis, kes kuk- Kaitseliit on oma mitmesugustel tegutsemisjärkudel kus ja langes? Inimese igavene tõejanu nõuab alatead- alati olnud hädaohu silmapilkude loomulik sünnitis. vuses lõplikkust, soovib absoluutset tõde. Kas üks Ennesõjaaegse Kaitseliidu lähimaks eesmärgiks oli inimene üldse suudabki selleni jõuda? Ega vist … luua olukord, kus organisatsiooni ridadesse koondu- Usun, et põhjaliku, laiahaardelise, Kaitseliidu erine- nud mehed mitte ainult ei oleks suutelised kasutama vaid tahke valgustava ajaloo kirjutamist jätkub veel nende kätte usaldatud füüsilist relva, vaid et nad ka mitmele Eesti ajaloolaste põlvkonnale. Merike Jürjo Peatoimetaja Merike Jürjo Peatoimetaja 6 Kronoloogia 1987 Viru lipkond) 23. august MRP–AEG korraldab Hirvepargi 12. aprill Asutatakse KL Rapla Malev (Rapla rahvakoosoleku lipkond) 21. oktoober Võrus tuuakse Vabadussõjas langenute 14. aprill Taasasutatakse KL Järva Malev mälestusele pühendatud meeleaval- 20. aprill Taasasutatakse KL Saaremaa Malev dusel esimest korda okupatsiooniajal 8. mai ENSV Ülemnõukogu otsusega taas- sinimustvalge lipp avalikkuse ette kehtestatakse nimetus Eesti Vabariik 9. mai Taasasutatakse KL Harju Malev 15. mai Interrinde meeleavaldajad ründavad 1988 Toompea lossi 24. veebruar esimest korda pärast Eesti okupeeri- 16. mai Alustatakse Eesti Kodukaitse loomist mist tähistatakse avalikult Eesti Vaba- 26. juuni Tallinna II malevkonna asutamine riigi aastapäeva 5. august Taasasutatakse KL Pärnumaa Malev august Jõgevamaal Tabiveres taastatakse KL 23. august Asutatakse KL Jõgeva Malev; üksus KL Tamme malevkond võtab pealik november Tartus luuakse rakendusspordi selts Harri Hennu algatusel Tartus maha Tarapita Lenini ausamba 16. november ENSV Ülemnõukogu võtab vastu 1. september Algab KL staabiõppus „Riigipiir ’90”, suveräänsusdeklaratsiooni mille käigus paigaldatakse piiritulbad Tartu rahulepinguga fikseeritud Eesti 1989 Vabariigi piiril 24. veebruar Algatatakse EV kodanike liikumine 3. november Eestimaa Noorkotkaste ja Kodu- 12. august Tahkurannas luuakse Noorte Kotkaste tütarde Organisatsioonide Liidu ja Kodutütarde organisat sioonide (ENKOL) loomine Tartus algatusrühm 10. november KL suurkogul valitakse esimene sõja- 23. august MRP 50. aastapäeval korraldatakse järgne keskjuhatus. Manivald Kase- Balti kett põld asub täitma KL ülema kohuseid 29. november KL Lääne Maleva registreerimine maavalitsuses 1990 30. november Esimese Noorte Kotkaste Liilia 9. veebruar Taasasutatakse Karksi malevkond rühma asutamine Tartus
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Introduction 1. Samuel P. Huntington, “Civilian Control of the Military: A
    Notes Introduction 1. Samuel P. Huntington, “Civilian Control of the Military: A Theoretical State- ment,” in Political Behavior: A Reader in Theory and Research, ed. Heinz Eulau, Samuel J. Eldersveld, and Morris Janowitz (Glencoe: Free Press, 1956), 380. Among those in agreement with Huntington are S. E. Finer, The Man on Horseback: The Role of the Military in Politics (New York: Praeger, 1962); Bengt Abrahamsson, Military Pro- fessionalization and Political Power (Beverly Hills: Sage, 1972); Claude E. Welch Jr., Civilian Control of the Military (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1976); Amos Perlmutter, The Military and Politics in Modern Times (New Haven: Yale Uni- versity Press, 1977), and in The Political Influence of the Military (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1980). Chapter 1 1. Samuel P. Huntington, The Soldier and the State (Cambridge: Harvard Univer- sity Press, 1957), 3. 2. Samuel P. Huntington, “Civilian Control of the Military: A Theoretical State- ment,” in Heinz Eulau, Samuel J. Eldersveld, and Morris Janowitz, eds., Political Be- havior: A Reader in Theory and Research (Glencoe: Free Press, 1956), 380. 3. Among those in agreement with Huntington are S. E. Finer, The Man on Horse- back: The Role of the Military in Politics (New York: Praeger, 1962); Bengt Abrahams- son, Military Professionalization and Political Power (Beverly Hills: Sage, 1972); Claude E. Welch Jr., Civilian Control of the Military (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1976); Amos Perlmutter, The Military and Politics in Modern Times (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1977), and in The Political Influence of the Military (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1980).
    [Show full text]
  • The Cyber Defence Unit of the Estonian Defence League
    The Cyber Defence Unit of the Estonian Defence League Legal, Policy and Organisational Analysis Kadri Kaska, Anna-Maria Osula, LTC Jan Stinissen Tallinn 2013 Disclaimer This publication is a product of the NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence (the Centre) and it represents the views and interpretations of the Centre. This publication does not represent the opinions or policies of NATO and is designed to provide an independent position. Third-party sources are quoted as appropriate and the Centre is not responsible for the content of the external sources referenced in this publication. The Centre assumes no responsibility for any loss or harm arising from the use of information contained in this publication. Copies of this publication may be distributed for non-profit and non-commercial purpose only. Contact NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence Filtri tee 12, Tallinn 10132, Estonia [email protected] www.ccdcoe.org 2 Contents INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................... 5 1. HISTORY AND BACKGROUND ....................................................................................................................... 7 NATIONAL CYBER SECURITY COLLABORATION IN ESTONIA ............................................................................................... 7 ESTONIAN DEFENCE LEAGUE ....................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Implementation of the Recommendations of the OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities to Estonia, 1993-2001
    Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy at the University of Hamburg Wolfgang Zellner/Randolf Oberschmidt/Claus Neukirch (Eds.) Comparative Case Studies on the Effectiveness of the OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities Margit Sarv Integration by Reframing Legislation: Implementation of the Recommendations of the OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities to Estonia, 1993-2001 Working Paper 7 Wolfgang Zellner/Randolf Oberschmidt/Claus Neukirch (Eds.) Comparative Case Studies on the Effectiveness of the OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities Margit Sarv∗ Integration by Reframing Legislation: Implementation of the Recommendations of the OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities to Estonia, 1993-2001 CORE Working Paper 7 Hamburg 2002 ∗ Margit Sarv, M.Phil., studied Political Science at the Central European University in Budapest. Currently Ms. Sarv works as a researcher at the Institute of International and Social Studies in Tallinn. 2 Contents Editors' Preface 5 List of Abbreviations 6 Chapter 1. Introduction 8 Chapter 2. The Legacies of Soviet Rule: A Brief History of Estonian-Russian Relations up to 1991 11 Chapter 3. Estonia after Independence: The Radicalized Period from 1991 to 1994 19 3.1 From Privileges to Statelessness: The Citizenship Issue in Estonia in 1992 19 3.2 Estonia's Law on Citizenship and International Reactions 27 3.3 HCNM Recommendations on the Law on Citizenship of 1992 29 3.4 Language Training - the Double Responsibility Towards Naturalization and Integration 35 3.5 New Restrictions,
    [Show full text]
  • Democratizing Communist Militaries
    Democratizing Communist Militaries Democratizing Communist Militaries The Cases of the Czech and Russian Armed Forces Marybeth Peterson Ulrich Ann Arbor To Mark, Erin, and Benjamin Copyright © by the University of Michigan 1999 All rights reserved Published in the United States of America by The University of Michigan Press Manufactured in the United States of America V∞ Printed on acid-free paper 2002 2001 2000 1999 4 3 2 1 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, or otherwise, without the written permission of the publisher. A CIP catalog record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ulrich, Marybeth Peterson. Democratizing Communist militaries : the cases of the Czech and Russian armed forces / Marybeth Peterson Ulrich. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. ISBN 0-472-10969-3 (acid-free paper) 1. Civil-military relations—Russia (Federation) 2. Civil-military relations—Former Soviet republics. 3. Civil-military relations—Czech Republic. 4. Russia (Federation)—Armed Forces—Political activity. 5. Former Soviet republics—Armed Forces—Political activity. 6. Czech Republic—Armed Forces—Political activity. 7. Military assistance, American—Russia (Federation) 8. Military assistance, American—Former Soviet republics. 9. Military assistance, American—Czech Republic. I. Title. JN6520.C58 U45 1999 3229.5909437109049—dc21 99-6461 CIP Contents List of Tables vii Acknowledgments ix List of Abbreviations xi Introduction 1 Chapter 1. A Theory of Democratic Civil-Military Relations in Postcommunist States 5 Chapter 2. A Survey of Overall U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Saadat May Return to Play Despite Injuries
    Saadat may return to play despite injuries By AARON hand, Price said. are still possible, according to police. hoi, Tobacco and Firearms investigators he Saadat's left hand was lost in the pipe Sgt. Chris Tennant of the Pullman Police and Waldron were experimenting to see if Daily Evercreen Staff bomb explosion that killed teammate Har- Department said Monday no decision had they could make a bomb. Despite losing his left hand in last vey "Buddy" Waldron. been made about possible charges. The two made the bomb following month's pipe bomb explosion, Payam Saa- While his injuries were severe, Price said Tennant said he will finish conducting instructions from a book found at Saadat's dat may play football again for WSU, head Saadat is "definitely still part of the team," interviews and the investigation before he apartment. coach Mike Price said. and will try to come back to play. makes any other decisions. Police investigators also found enough Price said next fall Saadat will most "I'm working very closely with the pros- Price said Saadat was released from Har- materials to make another pipe bomb in likely be redshirted to retain his eligibility. borview Medical Center Saturday and is ecutor right now, and after the investiga- the apartment. Price said he is unsure what Saadat's now living in an apartment near the Seattle tion is finished I will go through the law plans are for the summer, but said he Saadat was transferred to Harborview hospital while he continues to receive treat- books and see if any charges pertain to might return to WSU to complete his Medical Center immediately following the ment and learn how to use a prosthetic this case," Tennant said.
    [Show full text]
  • Apprenticeship, Partnership, Membership: Twenty Years of Defence Development in the Baltic States
    Apprenticeship, Partnership, Membership: Twenty Years of Defence Development in the Baltic States Edited by Tony Lawrence Tomas Jermalavičius 1 Apprenticeship, Partnership, Membership: Twenty Years of Defence Development in the Baltic States Edited by Tony Lawrence Tomas Jermalavičius International Centre for Defence Studies Toom-Rüütli 12-6 Tallinn 10130 Estonia Apprenticeship, Partnership, Membership: Twenty Years of Defence Development in the Baltic States Edited by Tony Lawrence Tomas Jermalavičius © International Centre for Defence Studies Tallinn, 2013 ISBN: 978-9949-9174-7-1 ISBN: 978-9949-9174-9-5 (PDF) ISBN: 978-9949-9174-8-8 (e-pub) ISBN 978-9949-9448-0-4 (Kindle) Design: Kristjan Mändmaa Layout and cover design: Moonika Maidre Printed: Print House OÜ Cover photograph: Flag dedication ceremony of the Baltic Peacekeeping Battalion, Ādaži, Latvia, January 1995. Courtesy of Kalev Koidumäe. Contents 5 Foreword 7 About the Contributors 9 Introduction Tomas Jermalavičius and Tony Lawrence 13 The Evolution of Baltic Security and Defence Strategies Erik Männik 45 The Baltic Quest to the West: From Total Defence to ‘Smart Defence’ (and Back?) Kęstutis Paulauskas 85 The Development of Military Cultures Holger Mölder 122 Supreme Command and Control of the Armed Forces: the Roles of Presidents, Parliaments, Governments, Ministries of Defence and Chiefs of Defence Sintija Oškalne 168 Financing Defence Kristīne Rudzīte-Stejskala 202 Participation in International Military Operations Piret Paljak 240 Baltic Military Cooperative Projects: a Record of Success Pete Ito 276 Conclusions Tony Lawrence and Tomas Jermalavičius 4 General Sir Garry Johnson Foreword The swift and total collapse of the Soviet Union may still be viewed by some in Russia as a disaster, but to those released from foreign dominance it brought freedom, hope, and a new awakening.
    [Show full text]
  • The Constitution and Interpretation of the Authority Dilemma for the Leadership of the National Defence After Estonia Regained Its Independence
    175 The Constitution and Interpretation of the Authority Dilemma for the Leadership of the National Defence After Estonia Regained its Independence Hellar Lill ABSTRACT After the restoration of independence in August 1991, Estonia had no national defence, defence capability or capacity for international defence cooperation. The armed forced had to be ‘invented’. However, this can be regarded as an advantage, since retraining and reorganising an existing system is usually more difficult. The main principles of national defence were established in Chapter 10 of the Constitution, which was approved in a referendum held in June 1992. This chap- ter, which was influenced by the presidential constitution of 1937/1938, did not answer the question of whether the Commander of the Defence Forces would be placed under the authority of the President, the parliament or the govern- ment. Two voluntary national defence organisations, the Defence League and the Home Guard, which competed with each other, already existed in Estonia when the Defence Forces were established. The Ministry of Defence was established even later. There were fears that subordinating the Commander of the Defence Forces to the government may lead to the politicisation of the army and uneven development due to frequent changes of government. These problems were eased by subordinating the commander to the President – however, this caused ten- sion between the Ministry of Defence and the Defence Forces Headquarters. The parliament had the right to appoint and remove the Commander of the Defence Forces, but the proposal had to come from the President. This conflict culminated in summer 2000 when the Commander of the Defence Forces was removed as a result of a vote in the Riigikogu, which the President called an issue of civilian control; the removal, as well as the Defence Minister and government keeping their positions, was decided by one vote, allegedly given by accident… 176 Hellar Lill The Constitution was amended in 2011.
    [Show full text]
  • Projektskizze Buchprojekt
    1 Estonia on the Road to a European Army Viljar Veebel, Baltic Defence College Chapter in “Strategic Autonomy and the Defence of Europe: On the Road to a European Army” (Eds. Hans-Peter Bartels, Anna Maria Kellner, Uwe Optenhögel), ISBN 978-3-8012-0498-3, pp. 152-164 Country background and statistics Estonia has a population of 1.315 million, as of 1 January 2016, about 0.26 per cent of the total population of the EU (Statistics Estonia 2016a). In the past decade, on average, the annual natural birth rate has been negative, at –1,330 people, on average (Statistics Estonia 2016b). Migration involves extensive back-and-forth mobility of Estonian citizens: 52 per cent of immigrants and 69 per cent of emigrants in 2015 were citizens of Estonia. In 2015– 2016, emigration stabilised and the number of immigrants increased (Statistics Estonia 2016b). After the parliamentary elections in March 2015, six political parties exceeded the 5 per cent election threshold. The Estonian Reform Party (RE) won the elections, receiving 30 of the 101 seats in the parliament, followed by the Estonian Centre Party (KE) with 27 seats. The Social Democratic Party (SDE) got 15 seats and the Pro Patria and Res Publica Union (IRL) got 14 seats. The newcomer, the Estonian Free Party (VE), received eight seats, and the most radical party, the Conservative Peoples Party of Estonia (EKRE), got seven seats. After the elections, the Reform Party, the Social Democrats and the Pro Patria and Res Publica Union formed a coalition. A second coalition and government was formed in 23.
    [Show full text]
  • Cyber Security in Estonia 2020 Contents
    Cyber Security In Estonia 2020 Contents The Year of Shaping International Law . 3 Cyber Security Governance in Estonia . 5 Threats and Challenges in Civilian Networks . 8 Cybercriminals Keep Us on Our Toes . 11 Threats and Challenges to Estonia’s National Security . 14 Threats and Challenges Around the World: Russian Cyber Threat . 18 Attribution and Deterrence in Cyberspace . 23 The Challenge of 5G Networks: A View From Estonia . 26 NATO CCDCOE Training the Alliance . 28 Defending the Nation Needs Steady Planning . 32 The EDF Cyber Command: What Is It and What Does It Do? . 34 The EDL Cyber Defence Unit: Preparing For The Storm . 36 Engaging the Cyber Security Community At Home and Abroad . 38 Making I-voting Even More Secure And User-friendly . 43 Protecting Personal Data Becomes An Issue Of Trust . 46 EISA: A Collaborative Effort To Boost Estonian Cyber Potential . 48 DISCLAIMER: All chapters express the views of the respective institutions that are identified at the top of each chapter . For general inquiries and media requests regarding the publication please contact the Estonian Information System Authority at www .ria ee. For specific questions regarding topics discussed in each chapter please contact the institutions directly . 2 CYBER SECURITY IN ESTONIA 2020 The Year of Shaping International Law KERSTI KALJULAID President of the Republic of Estonia If we want cyberspace to become a safe, secure, and stable domain, then malicious cyber activities should have similar consequences as attacks carried out in the ‘analogue’ world. Part of this deterrent is also clearly stating how international law applies in cyberspace – and this is something where Estonia was able to chip in last year.
    [Show full text]
  • 101 Biographies 2021 January
    101 BIOGRAPHIES The 14th Riigikogu February 15, 2021 Tallinn 2021 Compiled on the basis of questionnaires completed by members of the Riigikogu / Reviewed semi-annually Compiled by Marge Allandi, Rita Hillermaa and Piret Pärgma / Translated by the Chancellery of the Riigi- kogu / Estonian edition edited by Gerli Randjärv, English edition by Piret Pärgma / Cover by Tuuli Aule / Layout by Margit Plink / Photos by Erik Peinar ISSN 2674-3205 Copyright: Chancellery of the Riigikogu, National Library of Estonia CONTENTS Members of the 14th Riigikogu 3 Members of the Riigikogu by Constituency 114 Members of the Riigikogu by Faction 117 Members of the Riigikogu by Committee 120 Members of the Riigikogu Whose Mandate Has Been Suspended or Has Terminated 124 List of Riigikogus 146 Abbreviations and Select Glossary 147 CONTENTS CONTENTS 2 Members MEMBERS OF Merry Aart Johannes Kert Kristen Michal Erki Savisaar THE 14TH RIIGIKOGU Annely Akkermann Kert Kingo Marko Mihkelson Helir-Valdor Seeder Yoko Alender Signe Kivi Madis Milling Andrus Seeme Riho Breivel Toomas Kivimägi Aadu Must Sven Sester Dmitri Dmitrijev Aivar Kokk Eduard Odinets Priit Sibul Ivi Eenmaa Rene Kokk Jevgeni Ossinovski Riina Sikkut Enn Eesmaa Mihhail Korb Ivari Padar Imre Sooäär Peeter Ernits Andrei Korobeinik Hanno Pevkur Mihhail Stalnuhhin Hele Everaus Siret Kotka Heljo Pikhof Timo Suslov Kalle Grünthal Heiki Kranich Õnne Pillak Margit Sutrop Helle-Moonika Helme Igor Kravtšenko Siim Pohlak Aivar Sõerd Mart Helme Eerik-Niiles Kross Anti Poolamets Kristina Šmigun-Vähi Martin Helme
    [Show full text]
  • 101 BIOGRAPHIES the 13Th Riigikogu
    101 BIOGRAPHIES The 13th Riigikogu January 1, 2019 Tallinn 2019 Compiled on the basis of questionnaires completed by members of the Riigikogu Reviewed semi-annually Compiled by Gerli Randjärv, Rita Hillermaa and Lii Suurpalu Translated by the Chancellery of the Riigikogu Cover by Tuuli Aule Layout by Margit Plink Photos by Erik Peinar Copyright: Chancellery of the Riigikogu, National Library of Estonia CONTENTS 3 Members of the 13th Riigikogu 113 Members of the Riigikogu by Constituency 116 Members of the Riigikogu by Faction 119 Members of the Riigikogu by Committee 123 List of Riigikogus 124 Members of the Riigikogu Whose Mandate Has Been Suspended or Has Terminated 167 Abbreviations and Select Glossary 2 MEMBERS OF THE 13TH RIIGIKOGU MEMBERS OF Arto Aas Helmen Kütt Heidy Purga Jüri Adams Ants Laaneots Raivo Põldaru th THE 13 RIIGIKOGU Raivo Aeg Kalle Laanet Henn Põlluaas Yoko Alender Viktoria Ladõnskaja-Kubits Mati Raidma January 1, 2019 Krista Aru Maris Lauri Laine Randjärv Peep Aru Heimar Lenk Valdo Randpere Maire Aunaste Jürgen Ligi Taavi Rõivas Dmitri Dmitrijev Oudekki Loone Kersti Sarapuu Enn Eesmaa Inara Luigas Erki Savisaar Peeter Ernits Lauri Luik Helir-Valdor Seeder Helmut Hallemaa Ain Lutsepp Sven Sester Hannes Hanso Jaak Madison Priit Sibul Monika Haukanõmm Jaanus Marrandi Arno Sild Mart Helme Enn Meri Mihhail Stalnuhhin Martin Helme Andres Metsoja Anne Sulling Andres Herkel Kristen Michal Märt Sults Olga Ivanova Marko Mihkelson Aivar Surva Jüri Jaanson Marianne Mikko Aivar Sõerd Toomas Jürgenstein Madis Milling Tanel Talve
    [Show full text]
  • Small States— Big Worries Choice and Purpose in the Security Policies of the Baltic States Brief 21
    brief 21 Small States— Big Worries Choice and Purpose in the Security Policies of the Baltic States brief 21 Contents The author Andreas Heinemann-Grüder is Zusammenfassung 4 project leader at BICC and adjunct German summary professor for comparative politics at Humboldt University Berlin. His Acknowledgments 6 main fields of research are security politics in Eastern Europe, post- Interview Partners 7 Soviet politics, and comparative federalism. Introduction 8 When Words and Deeds Do Not Match 8 Summary of the Argument 8 Research Questions 8 Common Approaches 9 Linking Identities to Interests 12 Defining Security 13 Security Conceptions 15 ‘Hard’ versus ‘Soft’ Security 15 The Image of a ‘Russian Threat’ 16 The Russian Minority as an Alleged Fifth Column? 17 Russia’s Interests 20 Security Concepts of the Baltic States 20 Regional and Euro-Atlantic Cooperation 22 The Fragile Baltic Cooperation 22 Yeltsin’s Offer of Security Guarantees 25 Baltic Sea Region and Nordic Cooperation 26 Cooperation with NATO 28 Security Decision-making in the Baltic States 33 Build-up of Armed Forces 35 Absence of Blue Print 35 Territorial or ‘Total’ Defense 36 Estonia’s Armed Forces 36 Editing: Latvia’s Armed Forces 39 Lynn Benstead Lithuania’s Armed Forces 42 Cover photo: Weapons Acquisition 44 Children playing on a tank in Severny Gorodok, Lithuania. Conclusions 46 Ria Nowosti References 49 2 B·I·C·C brief 21 Small States— Big Worries Choice and Purpose in the Security Policies of the Baltic States Andreas Heinemann-Grüder february 2002 B·I·C·C 3 brief 21 Zusammen- wenigstens z.T. mit dem frühen fassung Stadium der Staatsbildung und entsprechenden Experimenten German Summary erklärt werden.
    [Show full text]