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Antonia Font Index Introduction..........................................................................................................................................4 1.- The Middle Ages.............................................................................................................................5 1.1.- Liturgical song.........................................................................................................................5 Monastery of Ripoll .................................................................................................................6 Escaladei.....................................................................................................................................6 1.2.- The Monody ...........................................................................................................................7 Tropes and sequences..................................................................................................................7 Drama and Mysteries..................................................................................................................7 Troubadours, fools and minstrels................................................................................................8 1.3.- Polyphony................................................................................................................................8 2.- The Renaissance..............................................................................................................................9 Mateu Fletxa...............................................................................................................................9 3.- The Barroque ................................................................................................................................10 Francesc Valls (1665-1747).......................................................................................................11 4.- Classicism.....................................................................................................................................12 4.1.- Josep Ferran Sors (Barcelona 1778 – Paris 1839).................................................................12 4.2.- Romanticism..........................................................................................................................13 4.3.- Scenic music..........................................................................................................................14 4.4.- Nationalism............................................................................................................................15 4.5.- Catalan nationalist music.......................................................................................................15 4.6.- The 'Renaixença' (Rebirth)....................................................................................................16 5.- The Renaixença and the Íntim, two cultural associations with over 100 years of history............17 6.- La Nova Cançó (The new song)....................................................................................................19 6.1.- Joan Manuel Serrat................................................................................................................20 6.2.- Lluis Llach.............................................................................................................................23 6.3.- Raimon..................................................................................................................................25 6.4.- Maria del Mar Bonet.............................................................................................................28 6.5.- Marina Rosell........................................................................................................................30 7.- Catalan Rock.................................................................................................................................32 7.1.- Sopa de Cabra........................................................................................................................32 7.2.- Els Pets..................................................................................................................................33 7.3.- SAU.......................................................................................................................................34 7.4.- Gossos....................................................................................................................................35 7.5.- Lax’n Busto...........................................................................................................................36 8.- The New Trends............................................................................................................................38 8.1.- La Carrau...............................................................................................................................44 8.2.- Antonia Font..........................................................................................................................46 8.3.- Cheb Balowski.......................................................................................................................48 8.4.- Dusminguet (La trova Kung Fu)...........................................................................................50 8.5.- Obrint pas:.............................................................................................................................51 9.- Our picture album.........................................................................................................................54 1 Introduction This dossier represents the work done by the students of Third and Fourth Year of the SES Montsant who participated in the Comenius project “Let's talk about Culture” in the school year 2008-2009. The theme of the exchange project this year was music, and we had the task of telling our partners in Turkey and Poland all about Catalan music. In the first trimester we prepared the section on modern music, because we had to present it to the work meeting of the three schools in Poland in November and post it on our blog. During the second trimester we worked on classical, traditional and earlier popular music. We decided to give some background information about the different epochs in music in Europe and in Catalonia, and then to focus on the types of music and musicians that were most relevant in our villages, like Mateu Fletxa in Prades. In the third trimester we concentrated on preparing a concert with traditional Catalan songs which we performed in June in Poland. 2 1.- The Middle Ages 1.1.- Liturgical song Catalonia was the first region that adopted the Carolingian rite and the song that accompanied it, Gregorian chant. It was a prayer to be sung and it was for God. Gregorian chant can’t be understood without the text, because it is more important than the melody. It is a vocal music; that means it is sung in “Chapel” without instruments. They sing in unison, one note at once, and all the singers voiced the same melody. This is the Monody. This chant is written on tetragramme, on four lines. The notes are called “punt quadrat” (square point) or virgin if they appear individually, and Neumes if they are grouped. The liturgical chant is a prayer. The themes are difficult to concrete. The name of this chant is called after Pope Gregory I. The notes in the Gregorian mode are written in a different musical scale. For the Gregorian singers the note “si” was forbidden because it was considered the note of the devil, because it excited them. The Christian music since its inception has been sung prayer and Christian people have to sing it with open heart for Good. Some authors affirm that it shouldn’t be sung in mixed choir because men and women can’t sing in the same tone of voice. The text is usually written in Latin. The texts were taken from the Bible from the Old Testament. However there are texts in Greek . 3 Monastery of Ripoll It is a Benedictine monastery, situated in Ripoll, at the right of the river Ter. It was founded by Count Guifré el Pelós in 879, in his task of repopulation of Catalonia. The monastery grew with the new possession acquired in the wars in 935. The best moment of the Monastery was in 1008 with abbot Oliba. Ripoll was the origin of fundamental documents of Catalan history and also of poetry in Latin and Provençal. Most of the part of the old documentation was destroyed in the big fire there was in the Monastery but some manuscripts were saved. The monastery is called too “ The cradle of Catalonia”. Now the Monastery is opened for visits. Escaladei In this part of Catalonia the most important monastery was in Escaladei. It was founded in the 11th century by Carthusian monks. They introduced wine and Gregorian chant to this area. 4 1.2.- The Monody In the Medieval period, the culture was sung in the monastery’s, cathedrals and castles, because the Christian church accumulated material, spiritual, political and social. The families worked in the field and that reason they didn't have a high level of formal culture. The Church had property in a big part of the Catalan lands and most of the farmers worked for this land. The monody is that music which only has one melody or melody line. Tropes and sequences The Latin language was going to divided into different languages and from there were born the vernacular languages and the civic
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