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J. Phytol. Res. 28 (1 & 2) : 55-62, 2015 ISSN 0970-5767

GLYMPSES ON ETHNO-VETERINARY PLANTS OF DISTRICT –

VIKRAM SINGH * and SANJAY KUMAR Department of Botany, M.S.J. Govt. (P.G.) College, Bharatpur-321001 (Raj.), . * Corresponding author : E-mail: [email protected]

Ethnobotanical studies on utilization of plants by the rural folks including has gained much importance in the recent past all over the world. Ethnobiology which deals with study of human ecology and have great significance for welfare of human beings and animal world the tribals and different ethnic groups throughout the world have developed their own culture, customs religious and getting knowledge about the medicinal uses of plants to treated several ailments and diseases with herbal veterinary medicines. In the present study important information have been collected on Ethno-veterinary which is being adopted by local people and tribals of Karauli.

Keywords: Ailments; Ethnic; Ethnobotanical; Ethnoveterinary; Folks; Veterinary

Introduction The main occupation of Meena tribe The bridge between botany and traditional in this district is agriculture lands. Animal knowledge regarding medicinal aspects of husbandry is second largest occupation of plants is referred to as medicoethnobotnay. Meena tribe because of agriculture Rigveda and Atharvaveda which dates back resources. Cows, Buffalos, Goats, Sheeps to 2000-1000 Bc. And several post vedic Bullocks, Camels and Dogs are form Treatise viz. Charak Samhita, Sushruta in domestic animals in this region. The Samhita, Dhanvuantri Nighantu. Raj tribal people mostly depend on forest and Nighautu to name a few are important forest products for their needs and have ancient source of information and sufficient knowledges about herbal memdicinal plants. Herbal medicines are in medicines. Plant used and applied by great demand in both developed and tribals for treating their various types developing countries in primary healthcare ailments. because of their great efficacy and little or Materials and Methods no side effects. The tribals and rural (A) Discussion with villagers of Meena population of India are highly dependent on tribes about different ethanobotanical medicinal plant therapy. The information on aspects. Veterinary medicine in Rajasthan is very (B) Interviewing with Vaidya to know limited 1-4. about ethno medicine.

55 56 Meena & Kumar

Table 1.

S. Local Botanical Name Family Ailment Method of treatment No. Name 1. Ratti Abrus Papilionaceae Lack of Estrus Seeds are crushed and soaked in precatorius L. water over night and given orally in next morning for three days regularly. Sexual Crushed fruits of this plant which are excitement given in Chapati to horses for sexual excitement. 2 Ronz Acacia Mimosaceae Lack of Estrus Crushed stem bark is soaked in water leucophloea overnight and given orally (Roxb.) Wild 3 Satyanasi Argimone Papaveraceae Protrusion 100 gm roots of displant taken and Mexicana mix with cow milk and prepare the paste and given orally for three days. 4 Babool Acacia nilotica Mimosaceae Immunization Seeds and fresh fruits pounded and (L) del. Subsp. given orally with water for seven Indica (Benth.) days. Inflammation Fresh unripe fruits given orally with grass for three days. Crushed leaves given orally with Galactagouge fruits of Acacia nilotica daily for a week. 5 Oonga Achyranthus Amaranthaceae Cramps Oonga in equal quantity, powdered aspera L and given to cattle in hot water twice or thrice in day. 6 Adsuta/ Adhatoda Acaanthaceae Cough and Juice of leaves or hot water extract Basouda vasiaca Cold given orally (as expectorant) twice a day for three day. 7 Ardu Ailanthus excels Simaraubaceae Swelling Boiled and cooled decoction of stem Roxb. bark and given orally in the night for 3 days 8 Garlic / Allium sativum Liliaceae Fever and Bulb crushed and given orally twice Lahsun cough a day for seven day. Dog bite Bulbs are given orally for three days. 9 Pyaz Allium cepa Liaceae Pnemonia 100 gm onion, 100 gm garlic and 5gm red chilies are crushed and mixed with 200 gm gur and pickle of mango this mixture is added with 100 gm common salt and 2gm heeng and given orally to cattle. 10 Sitaphal Annona Annanoceae Wounds Paste of fresh leaves tied extremely Squamosa L. for 3 days. Insect bite Paste of fresh leaves tied externally for 3 days. 11 Satavari Asparagus Liliaceae Galactagogue / The dried root and fruits or all plant racemosus Lactation with jiggery given orally as a fodder. 12 Hingota Balanites Balanitaceae Haemorrhages Crushed roots are soaked in water aegyptiaca L. over night and given orally in next morning in fasting. J. Phytol. Res. 28 (1 & 2) : 55-62, 2015 57

13 Santi Boerhavia Nyctaginaceae Liver Root powder given orally in fasting diffusa L. dysfunction daily for a week. Urinary tract Aerial parts of plants given orally for infection grazing. 14 Safed Calotropis Asclepiadaceae Swelling Heated leaves are applied locally Aak gigentia L. three time a day for three days. 15 Amaltas Cassia fistula Caesalpiniaceae Diarrhoea Stem bark crushed and soaked overnight given orally in next morning for 3 days. Pounded fruits powder given orally with cold water twice a day for 2 days. Dysentery Pulp of fruits given orally. 16 Kasondi Cassia Caesalpiniaceae Bone fracture Leaves crushed with egg. Albumin occidentalis L and goat milk, applied externally over fractured area Foot and (organ). Mouth disease Fresh leaves locally used for seven days. 17 Panwar Cassia tora Caesalpiniaceae Galactagogues Crushed seeds are soaked overnight. Given orally in the next morning for fifteen days. 18 Jangli Centratherum Asteraceae Abdomen pain Crushed seeds given orally twice a jeera anthelmerticum day (Willd) 19 Bijoura Citrus maxima L Rutaceae Emetic Fruits given orally for emetic when Neebu ingestion of iron objects by the cattle. Abdomenal Powder of fruits mixed with black pain salt or common salt 20 Jal Jamni Cocculus menispermaceae Galactagogues Whole plant for chewing. hirsutus (L) 21 Kana Commelina Commelinaceae Eye problems Leaf extract drop used three time in a gokna benghalensis day. 22 Kali Curculigo Hypoxidaceae Eye problems Tuber juice dropped in open eye 2-3 Musali orchioides time in day. 23 Dhatura Datura Solanaceae Diarrhoea Frits given orally for three days. stramonium L. Lack of estrus Warmed fruits and seed powder given orally for three day. 24 Bhringraj Eclipta prostrate Asteraceae Swelling Paste of fresh leaves used locally /Bhangara L. twice a day 25 Dandath Euphorbia Euphorbiaceae Mastication Paste of aerial parts given orally to ore nerifolia L problem the cattle’s when they stop mastication 26 Gular Fricus racemosa Moraceae Galactagogues Fresh fruits given orally for seven L days. 27 Ratan Jot Jotropha Euphorbiaceae Injury Locally applied the paste of roots. gossypifolia L. 28 Mahndi lawsonia inermis Lythraceae Pain Leaves crushed and make the paste L apply locally for three days. Inflammation Paste of seeds mixed with Gholva and given orally. 58 Meena & Kumar

heat in Body Extract of Leaf mixed with cow milk and given orally. Sure Fresh leaves taken and paste of its conceiving mixed with wheat floor and given orally to cattle (Buffalo or cow) after sexual inter course of get sure conceiving. 29 Gheeya Luffa cylindrical Cucurbitaceae Dyspepsia Smoke inhaled of the fibrous dry Torai L mesocarp of the fruits of the fruits. 30 Bans Bamboosa Poaceae Easy delivery Fresh branches or stem of this plants arundinaceae cuts and collect the water of this plant given to pregnant buffalos during child birth. 31 Neem Azardirecta Meliaceae Loss of Leaves extract given orally twice a indica appetite days. Expulsion of Fresh leaves & barks taken in equal Worms quantity and prepare decoction and given to calf for expulsion of worm. 32 Bakaen Melia azadirach Meliaceae Loss of Paste of fresh leaves given orally L Appetite twice in a days. Sprain & Fresh leaves taken and warmed and Fracture tied directly on affected area. 33 Sahajana Moringa oleifera Moriginaceae Rhumatism Bark crushed and soaked in water L over night next morning given orally. 34 Kaunch / Mucuna Fabaceae Vermifuge Pod’s hairs given orally as a single Kounch Pruriens L. dose. Phali 35 Kela Musa Musaceae Diarrhoea Fresh leaves given orally twice a day paradisiacal L for three days and frits given also. 36 Har Nytanthes arbor Nyctanthceae Vermifuge Fresh leaves given orally in the Singar – Tristis L morning 37 Arand Riccinus Euphorbiaceae Vermifuge Fresh leaves given orally for a weeks cummunis L. 38 Kharanti Sida ovata Malvaceae Rhematism Stem bark crushed and soaked in water over night and given orally next morning. 39 Brihati / Salanum Solanaceae Rhematism Fresh leaves given orally for three Badi surrattanse days. Kateri 40 Guduchi Tinospora Menispermaceae Blood Stem bark crushed and soaked in crdifolia purification water over night and given orally Loss of next morning. appetite Stem powder given orally daily in diet.

(C) Enquiry from oldmen about the tribals : ethano-medicines. First of all efforts were made to (D) Interviewing with district forest established proper contact with head men or officer at Karauli. the Sarpanch of the village and oldmen Mode of contact to collect along with the guide in the concerning area the important and valuable information from for discussion. J. Phytol. Res. 28 (1 & 2) : 55-62, 2015 59

Enquiring from old men about the ethno- investigation related with the medicines. ethnobotanical importance of plants growing Interviewing with district forest officer at in Karauli district has drawn our attention in Karauli. the light of studies already carried out on the Ethnobotanical data was collected along flora of Karauli district6 which is earlier part with various in different manners by of district wherein the enquiry, observations, interview, approach author has discussed the entire flora in like through available literature, library detail. herbaria on one hand and though Vadhyas, A substantial work has been done on Hakims, Ojha and Homeopaths, Veterinary different medicinal plants in Rajasthan7-13. doctors. Ethnobotanical information is available Description and observation of plants throughout the world in the literature14 used and applied by tribals for treating However, studies related to ethnobotany in their various types of ailments India have received due attention in the last During the present study important two to three decades15-21, Moreover sporadic information have been collected on ethnobotanical information is available from Ethnoveterinary which is being adopted by Rajasthan22-28. local people and tribals of Karauli district Some plants used for the purpose of and these herbal plants were identified with veterinary diseases in the district are as the help of various flora and Herbaria of followed: Abrus precatorius, Acacia RUBL . leucophloea, Amaranthus tricolor, Balanites The tribal people mostly depend on aegyptiaca, Boerhavia diffusa, Calotropis forest and forest products for their needs and gigantia, Cassia tora, Datura stramonium, have sufficient knowledge about herbal Euphorbia nerrifolia, Jatropha gossypifolia, medicines. Tribals cure their domesticated Mucuna pruriens Riccinus communis, animals by house hold materials and plant Tinospora cordifolia and Zizyphus material which are found around them. In nummularia, Argimone Maxicana, Acacia addition to Ethnovetenary medicinal nilotica (L) del. Subs. Indica (Benth.), knowledge some important plants are being Achyranthus aspara L, Adhatoda vasiaca, described below which are used and applied Ailanthus excelsla Roxb., Allium sativum, by tribals for treating the various types of Allium cepa, Annona Squamosa L., ailments (Table-1). Asparagus racemosus, Cassia fistula, Casia Discussion accidentalis L, Centratherum During 1570 to 1575 Francisco Hernandez anthelmerticum (Wild), Citgrus Maxima L, in his capacity as the personal physician to Cocculus hirsutus (L), Commeling King Philip II of Spain undertook in Mexico benghalensis, Curculigo orchioides, Eclipta the survey on the flora, fauna and minerals Prostrata L, Ficus Racemosa L, Jotropha of this country. This monumental work is gossypifolia L. and Lawsonia inermis L. considered as an earliest scientific Present investigation endeavour of ethnobotanical nature5. Past “Ethnobotanical studies of some medicinally and present interrelationship of human important plants of Karauli district societies and the surrounding plant wealth to (Rajasthan)” aims to bring ot the inter- resulted to promote the study of ethnobotany relationship of the flora and tribal people of throughout the world. The present the district viz. Meena, Nomadic tribes viz. 60 Meena & Kumar

Gadia Lohar, Banjara, kalbelia, Kanjar, are highly dependent on the natural plant Bhat, Sansi, Nut, Bauri and Bagri based on resources surrounding their vicinity and field surveys of various tribal villages and these plant resources not only for shelter localities of Karauli district of Rajasthan. building, timber, food, famine food, fodder, Animal husbandry is done by every fiber, fuel, gums and resins, brooms, kind of tribal people. Goat, sheep, buffaloes, beverages, musical instruments and cows, camels, dog and donkey are the main ceremonies but also for curing a wide range cattle of this area. Tribals of the area use of human and veterinary diseases and other more than 70 plant species for treating their disorders. These multiracial uses of the rich domestic animals. Achyranthus aspera, plant wealth available in the district warrant Annona squamosa, Acacia nilotica, the identity and establishment of small scale Adhatoda zeylanica, balanites aegyptica, industries in the region for the economic Boerhavia diffusa, Cassia tora, Cassia upliftment of tribal and rural population of fistula, Citrus maxima, Datura stramonium, remote areas of the district. Dicrostachys cineraria, Eclipta prostrate, Most of the people of this district are Gamphrena celosioides, Jatropha dependent on agricultural crops as the major gassypifolia, Melia azedarach, Moringa area of land is barren. Hence for generating oleifera, Ocimum canum Pedalium murex, avenues for employment it is necessary to Riccinus communis, Solanum surattense make a proper and scientific use of the Trigonella foenumgrecum, Zizyphus ethnobotanical resources indentified in the mauritiana, etc. are important plant species text under present investigation. used as ethnoveterinary medicine. Acknowledgement Conclusion I am thankful to U.G.C. Bhopal for The present study reveals that the plant Financial assistance in the form of Minor resources of Karauli district are quite rich Research project to complete this research for using raw materials needed for work. establishing and developing plant based References small scale industries for making fibers, 1. Sensarma P 1991, Herbal veterinary baskets, hand fans, brooms, musical medicines in an Ancient Sanskrit instruments, timber, domestic articles, Work. The Garuda Purana. Ethnobot. collection of herbal drugs etc. Moreover, 3 83-87. plants of ethnomedicinal value need to be 2. Joshi P 1995, Ethnobotany of the investigated for pharmacological activity on Primitive Tribes in Rajasthan. the basis of ethnotherapeutics being Printwell, Jaipur. practiced by ethnic groups for their safe use 3. Trivedi PC (Ed.) 2002, Ethnobotany. after having clinical trials. This will be Aavishkar Publishers & Distributors, certainly very much helpful in evolving new Jaipur. sources of herbal drugs for pharmaceutical 4. Sharma OP 2006, Ethnobotanical industries. Such an effort will provide Studies of District employment in the area for economic (Rajasthan). Ph.D. Thesis, University upliftment. of Rajasthan, Jaipur. The observations and findings made 5. Faulksm PJ 1958, An Introduction to under present investigation reveals that the Ethnobotany. Moredalte Publications ethnic groups and local people of the area Ltd., London. J. Phytol. Res. 28 (1 & 2) : 55-62, 2015 61

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