Hydrogeological Atlas of Rajasthan Karauli District
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Karauli District Hydrogeological Atlas of Rajasthan Karauli District Contents: List of Plates Title Page No. Plate I Administrative Map 2 Plate II Topography 4 Plate III Rainfall Distribution 4 Plate IV Geological Map 6 Plate V Geomorphological Map 6 Plate VI Aquifer Map 8 Plate VII Stage of Ground Water Development (Block wise) 2011 8 Location of Exploratory and Ground Water Monitoring Plate VIII 10 Stations Depth to Water Level Plate IX 10 (Pre-Monsoon 2010) Water Table Elevation Plate X 12 (Pre-Monsoon 2010) Water Level Fluctuation Plate XI 12 (Pre-Post Monsoon 2010) Electrical Conductivity Distribution Plate XII 14 (Average Pre-Monsoon 2005-09) Chloride Distribution Plate XIII 14 (Average Pre-Monsoon 2005-09) Fluoride Distribution Plate XIV 16 (Average Pre-Monsoon 2005-09) Nitrate Distribution Plate XV 16 (Average Pre-Monsoon 2005-09) Plate XVI Depth to Bedrock 18 Plate XVII Map of Unconfined Aquifer 18 Glossary of terms 19 2013 ADMINISTRATIVE SETUP DISTRICT – KARAULI Location: Karauli district is located in the eastern part of Rajasthan. It is bounded in the north by Dausa and Bharatpur districts, in the east by Dhaulpur district, south by state of Madhya Pradesh and Sawai Madhopur district in the west. It stretches between 26° 01' 27.02” to 27° 00' 11.61” north latitude and 76° 28' 34.98’’ to 77° 24' 12.00’’ east longitude covering an area of 4,985 sqkms. This district is part of four river basins namely ‘Gambhir River Basin’, ‘Banas River Basin’, ‘Chambal River Basin’ and ‘Parbati River Basin’. Administrative Set-up: Karauli district is administratively divided into five blocks. The following table summarizes the basic statistics of the district at block level.Sapotra block is the largest in area occupying about 1955 sq kms whereas the smallest block is Todabhim spread over about 544 sq kms while population wise, Hindaun block has the highest population and Nadoti has lowest population. Population Area % of District Total Number of S. No. Block Name (Based on 2001 census) (sq km) Area Towns and Villages 1 Hindaun 3,47,264 649.5 13.0 128 2 Karauli 2,88,860 1,227.8 24.6 204 3 Nadoti 1,26,089 608.7 12.2 95 4 Sapotra 2,32,513 1,954.9 39.3 224 5 Todabhim 2,14,939 544.1 10.9 150 Total 12,09,665 4,985.0 100.0 801 Karauli district has 801 towns and villages, of which five block headquarters as well. Climate: The climate of the district is characterized by subtropical, dry with distinct winter, summer and monsoon. Highest temperature during May-June has been recorded as 49 °C and lowest temperature in January recorded as 5 °C. Most of the rainfall is received during the monsoon season, which extends from July to September. Average rainfall of the district is 577.11 mm. 1 2 TOPOGRAPHY DISTRICT – KARAULI The area is characterized by flat to undulating topography with small isolated hills in NW, NE, SW and eastern part of the district. Vindhyanchal and Aravalli hill ranges comes under the district area which covers almost half part of the district. The major rivers of the district are Gambhir in north, Morel and Banas in southwest and Chambal in southeast which developed very good drainage system along with their tributaries like Gor, Khar, Ranchana, Salrni and Jagar. The general topographic elevation in the district ranges between 250 m to 300 m above mean sea level in most of the blocks. Minimum elevation in the district is 131.0 m above mean sea level in Sapotra block in the southern part of the district and maximum of 522.5 m above mean sea level In Nadoti block in northwestern part of the district. Table: Block wise minimum and maximum elevation Min. Elevation Max. Elevation S. No. Block Name (m amsl) (m amsl) 1 Hindaun 200.2 378.8 2 Karauli 221.1 413.4 3 Nadoti 225.5 522.5 4 Sapotra 131.0 470.4 5 Todabhim 205.4 441.4 RAINFALL The general distribution of rainfall across the district can be visualized from isohyets presented in the Plate – III where most of the district seems to have received rainfall in the range of 600-700 mm in year 2010. The total annual average rainfall is 646.8 mm based on the data of available blocks. Sapotra block received highest rainfall of 913.0mm whereas lowest was in Nadoti block (560.8mm). Maximum average annual rainfall recorded in Sapotra block about 705.2mm. Table: Block wise annual rainfall statistics (derived from year 2010 meteorological station data) Minimum Annual Maximum Annual Average Annual Block Name Rainfall (mm) Rainfall (mm) Rainfall (mm) Hindaun 609.1 668.5 634.9 Karauli 628.0 730.4 657.8 Nadoti 560.8 758.8 628.0 Sapotra 645.1 913.0 705.2 Todabhim 578.1 633.3 608.0 3 4 GEOLOGY DISTRICT – KARAULI Geologically, the district lies under Vindhyan, Delhi and Bhilwara Super Groups. The eastern part of the district is separated from the western part by Great Boundary Fault. The latter consists of the rock formation of Bhander Group i.e. Sandstone, Shale and Limestone. The Delhi Super Group occupies the northwest part of the district which consist Quartzite, Schist of Ajabgarh and Alwar Group. A small isolated patch of Ranthambhor Group also occupies the center area of the district, which consists of Quartzite, Schist and Gneiss. Super Group Group Formation Recent to Sub-Recent Alluvium --X--------X--------X--------X---Unconformity---X--------X--------X-------X-- Bhander Sandstones, Limestone and Vindhyan Rewa Shale Kaimur Ajabgarh Delhi Quartzite and Schist Alwar --X--------X--------X--------X---Unconformity---X--------X--------X-------X-- Bhilwara Ranthambhore Quartzite, Schist and Gneiss GEOMORPHOLOGY Table: Geomorphologic units, their description and distribution Origin Landform Unit Description Buried Pediment Pediment covers essentially with relatively thicker alluvial, colluvial or weathered materials. Denudational Intermontane Valley Depression between mountains, generally broad & linear, filled with colluvial deposits. Mainly undulating landscape formed due to fluvial activity, comprising of gravels, sand, silt and clay. Terrain mainly Alluvial Plain undulating, produced by extensive deposition of alluvium. Flat to gentle undulating plain formed due to fluvial activity, mainly consists of gravels, sand, silt and clay with Alluvial Plain (Sandy) Fluvial unconsolidated material of varying lithology, predominantly sand along river. Formed by fluvial activity, usually at lower topographic locations, comprising of boulders, cobbles, pebbles, gravels, Valley Fill sand, silt and clay. The unit has consolidated sediment deposits. Ravine Small, narrow, deep, depression, smaller than gorges, larger than gulley, usually carved by running water. Formed over varying lithology with extensive, flat, landscapes, bordered by escarpment on all sides. Essentially Structural Plateau formed horizontally layered rocky marked by extensive flat top and steep slopes. It may be criss crossed by lineament. Steep sided, relict hills undergone denudation, comprising of varying lithology with joints, fractures and lineaments. Denudational, Linear to arcuate hills showing definite trend-lines with varying lithology associated with folding, faulting etc. Hills Structural Hill, Long narrow low-lying ridge usually barren, having high run off may form over varying lithology with controlled Linear Ridge strike. 5 6 AQUIFERS DISTRICT – KARAULI Aquifer distribution map is presented in Plate – VI, which demonstrates widespread formation of aquifers within Alluvium and Sandstones. The alluvial aquifers (Older Alluvium) occupy approximately half of the district and occur as continuous patch in the western part of the district. The sandstone aquifers hold water both in primary and secondary openings and constitute good aquifers in the southeastern half of the district contributing to about 43% of district’s aquifers. Quartzites aquifers form just 3% of the area and occur in the northwestern part of the district. Table: aquifer potential zones their area and their description Aquifer in Potential Area % age of Description of the unit/Occurrence Zone (sq km) district This litho unit comprises of mixture of heterogeneous Older Alluvium 2,377.9 47.7 fine to medium grained sand, silt and kankar. Fine to medium grained, red colour and compact and at Sandstone 2,132.7 42.8 places. Medium to coarse grained and varies from feldspathic Quartzite 161.2 3.2 grit to sericitic quartzite. Hills 313.2 6.3 Total 4,985.0 100.0 STAGE OF GROUND WATER DEVELOPMENT In this district too, the ground water is under stress as revealed by ground water resource assessment studies. The stage of ground water development is very high as two blocks fall under ‘Critical’ category implying close to 100% development of resource. Ground water in two other blocks (Sapotra and Hindaun) is more stressed as they fall into ‘Over Exploited category where exploitation exceeds the available dynamic ground water resource. Todabhim block has been ‘Notified’ for no more development of ground water resource. Categorization on the basis of Block Name stage of development of ground water Critical Nadoti, Karauli Over Exploited Sapotra, Hindaun Notified Todabhim Basis for categorization: Ground water development <=100% - Critical and >100% - Over-Exploited. In Notified blocks development of GW is not permitted any more. 7 8 LOCATION OF EXPLORATORY AND GROUND WATER MONITORING WELLS DISTRICT – KARAULI Karauli district has a well distributed network of exploratory wells (51) and ground water monitoring stations (77) in the district owned by RGWD (22 and 54 respectively) and CGWB (29 and 23 respectively). The exploratory wells have formed the basis for delineation of subsurface