REL 395 Selected Topics: The Salvation Army and the Bible Summer 2019

Instructor Name: Roger J. Green, Ph.D. BoothUC Email: [email protected] Duration: July 8, 2019 – October 11, 2019 In-person intensive August 12-16, 2019 (8:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.) Delivery Mode: Hybrid Credits: 3 credit hours Prerequisites: REL 100 and one 200 level course or two courses at the 200 level

Voluntary Withdrawal Deadline: September 13, 2019 Time Extension Application Deadline: September 27, 2019

Availability

I am available to meet with students before or after class, or by appointment. Students are encouraged to seek me out if they have questions or difficulties. The easiest way to reach me is by email. You may also reach me by phone at (617) 816-4980.

Course Description and Learning Outcomes

This course will examine the use of Scripture in the history of The Salvation Army, concentrating primarily on the life and ministry of William and Catherine Booth and the formation of that ministry through the founding of The Christian Mission in 1865 and The Salvation Army in 1878. The course will focus on several Scriptural interpretations of the Booths and others through to the time of William Booth’s death in 1912. Where appropriate the use of the Bible in The Salvation Army after 1912 and up to 2019 will also be studied.

Our attention will be upon the contexts that formed and shaped the thinking of William and Catherine Booth and others. Such contexts include the state of the study of the Scriptures in the broader Christian world, in the Wesleyan world in which the Booths were reared, and in the Methodist and Evangelical world to which they were committed. In order to understand those contexts careful attention will be given to the life, theology and ministry of the Booths and The Christian Mission and The Salvation Army.

William Booth received the standard training needed to enter into the ministry of New Connexion Methodism under the direction of William Cooke. He was ordained by New Connexion Methodism in 1858 and officially resigned in 1862 although he had left the denomination in the previous year for reasons that we will study. Catherine Mumford Booth never received any theological training. She was not ordained, and after the founding of The Salvation Army she held no officer rank. She knew the Bible well, read carefully the works of such teachers as Adam Clarke and Charles Grandison Finney, and felt comfortable speaking about the Bible and theology.

The Booths would not, however, be trained in the formal discipline of hermeneutics. We will have to examine their use of the Bible in the context of what they understood the Bible to be and what interpretive skills were available to them and within their reach. On the other hand, we will study in this course some basic hermeneutical principles and measure the Booth’s use of the biblical texts against those principles. Those hermeneutical principles will be taken primarily from the broader Wesleyan and Evangelical world of which the Booths were a part.

In order to examine the use of Scripture certain biblical and theological themes that were important to the Booths and shaped the core of Christian Mission and Salvation Army thinking will be studied. These will include such matters as the place of women in ministry, William Booth’s postmillennialism, the nature and the use of the sacraments, and social ministry. The complexity of the biblical witness on these as well as other subjects will be a part of our study.

This course will concentrate on the influence of the Booths and others who shaped the theology and mission of The Salvation Army today, as well as any influence they have had on the broader Church, including the Wesleyan tradition of the Church. When appropriate the discussion of such matters will go beyond the time of the Booths to the life and ministry of The Salvation Army today. Care will be taken to insure that such discussions continue to revolve around the Scriptures and the desire to live lives both individually and corporately that are biblically based.

These broad objectives can be expressed as learning outcomes. Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to:

 Demonstrate familiarity with the life and ministry of William and Catherine Booth and the major shaping forces at work in their lives, ministry and thought.

 Be able to discuss the biblical foundations for Army theology, with a respectful, but critical, appraisal of how the Bible was used to arrive at that theology.

 Examine key elements of the Booths’ theology and Army theology today in the light of basic hermeneutical principles. Such theological topics as holiness, women in ministry, the nature of the millennial kingdom, the nature and use of the sacraments, and social ministry will be examined.

 Describe the general hermeneutical principles (either expressed or assumed) used by both William and Catherine Booth, and how these principles conform to Wesleyan hermeneutics and to the broader discipline of hermeneutics.

Textbooks and Resources

Green, Roger J. The Life & Ministry of William Booth: Founder of The Salvation Army. Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 2005. ISBN Paperback: 0687052734

Students will be expected to read extensively in the literature of the Salvation Army. An essential resource for research on the Salvation Army, its history, and theology is the journal Word & Deed: A Journal of Salvation Army Theology and Ministry which is published by the Salvation Army U.S.A. and edited by Roger J. Green and Jonathan S. Raymond. All of the issues up to 2017 are available online, together with a useful author and title index.

A recent addition to the study of Salvation Army history is The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History. Issues may be viewed online.

A valuable resource for the study of Wesleyan theology and history is the Wesleyan Theological Journal. Online issues are available up to 2010. More recent issues are available in hardcopy in both the Tyndale Library and the Booth University College Library.

Requirements

1. Class Preparation and Participation

Students are expected to come to class having completed the required readings and prepared to participate actively in discussions of the course material. More important than the number of times a student contributes to the class discussion is the quality of the contributions that a student makes. Class preparation and participation will be worth 10% of the course grade.

2. Book Review

Students will write a 4-5 page (10 point Times New Roman font, double-spaced) review of Roger J. Green’s book The Life & Ministry of William Booth: Founder of The Salvation Army. In the review, students should provide a summary of the book as well as an evaluation of its effectiveness as an exposition of Booth’s life, ministry and theology. In the review students

should also discuss not only Booth’s theological awareness, but his use of the Bible in supporting his theology. The book review will be due on Friday, August 23, 2019 and will be worth 30% of the course grade. Please send the book review as an attachment to my email address.

3. Reading Summaries and Responses

Three times during the course student will be required to complete an assigned reading, to summarize the content of the reading and to write a brief reflection upon the reading. These summaries should be three pages (10 point Times New Roman font, double-spaced) in length and will be due on the dates indicated in the detailed class schedule below. Each summary will be worth 10% of the course grade for a total of 30% of the course grade. Please send these as an attachment to my email address.

4. Final Assignment

Students will write a final assignment for the course. This final assignment will require students to write an essay on one of the following topic: What were the hermeneutical principles evident in ONE of the following topics:

 Catherine Booth’s Arguments for Women in Ministry  William Booth’s Vision of the Millennium  Catherine Booth’s Understanding of Sanctification  William Booth’s Understanding of Sanctification  The Booths’ Understanding of the Church

It is expected that students will be able to complete this assignment primarily on the basis of the readings, course discussions and previous assignments in the course. The assignment will be evaluated on the basis of the demonstration of the student’s ability to draw upon a range of materials studied in the course, the student’s ability to develop a coherent argument, and the overall quality of the paper. The paper will be 6-7 pages (10 point Times New Roman font, double-spaced) in length, exclusive of title page and bibliography. The final assignment will be due Friday, October 11, 2019 and will be worth 30% of the course grade.

General Guidelines for the Submission of Written Work

Assignments are to be in Microsoft Word format and sent as an email attachment to my email address by 11:55 p.m. (Central Time) on the assigned due date.

Assignments must be double-spaced, in 10 point Times New Roman font, with 1” or 1.25” margins. Please use the Appendix A “Guidelines for Writing Papers” for the format of the assignments.

Summary of Course Evaluation

Class Preparation and Participation 10% Book Review 30% Reading Summaries and Responses 10% X 3 = 30% Final Assignment 30% Total 100%

Percentage Equivalents Scale

A+ 95–100% C+ 65–69% A 87–94% C 60–64% B+ 78–86% D 50-59% B 70–77% F 0-49%

Letter Grades & Grade Points

A+ (4.5) Exceptional performance with evidence of outstanding original thinking, superior organization, exceptional capacity to analyze and synthesize, a superior grasp of the subject matter with sound critical evaluations, evidence of an extensive knowledge base. A final grade of A+ may be awarded only with the approval of the Academic Dean.

A (4.0) Excellent performance with evidence of excellent original thinking, excellent organization, excellent ability to analyze and synthesize, an excellent grasp of the subject matter with sound critical evaluations, evidence of an extensive knowledge base.

B+ (3.5) Very good performance with evidence of original thinking, very good organization, demonstrated ability to analyze and synthesize, a very good grasp of the subject matter, evidence of good critical judgment, a very good understanding of the relevant issues under examination, very good familiarity with the relevant literature.

B (3.0) Good performance with evidence of a good grasp of the subject matter, evidence of critical capacity, good analytical ability, a good understanding of the relevant issues under examination, evidence of good familiarity with the relevant literature.

C+ (2.5) Satisfactory performance with evidence of a satisfactory grasp of the subject matter, evidence of critical capacity, demonstrated analytical ability, an understanding of the relevant issues under examination, evidence of familiarity with the relevant literature.

C (2.0) Adequate performance with evidence of an adequate grasp of the subject matter; some evidence of critical capacity, an ability to develop solutions to simple problems found in the material; evidence of familiarity with some of the relevant literature.

D (1.0) Marginal performance with evidence of marginal familiarity with the subject matter and some evidence that critical and analytical skills have been used.

F (0) Inadequate performance with little evidence of even a superficial understanding of the subject matter; serious weaknesses in critical and analytical skills; limited or irrelevant use of the literature; failure to satisfy course requirements.

The University College does not use a standard percentage scale to correspond to the letter grade and grade points. If an instructor intends to use a percentage scale, that scale will be included in the course syllabus.

Other Guidelines

To earn a passing grade, students must submit all required assignments in the course. Late submissions will be accepted for assignments up to one week after the due date. However, a per diem penalty of .2 of a grade point or 2% of the grade for the respective assignment will be assessed. Assignments that are more than one week late will not be accepted. All written submissions must adhere to the page/word limits that have been established. Students should use a 10 point font and should provide 1 inch or 2.5 cm margins on all sides of the page. I will not read beyond the established page/word limit! It is important for students to learn how to express themselves concisely and clearly by including the information that is essential and eliminating unnecessary verbiage. Attendance at class is expected. Students who fail to attend and participate in class consistently should expect that this failure will be reflected in their grade (both in the quality of their performance on assignments and in their mark for professionalism). If attendance and participation in class is sufficiently negligent, procedures to remove a student from the class may be initiated (see Academic Policies in the 2018-2019 Booth University College Calendar for details).

Academic Policies

Students are responsible for reviewing and abiding by all Booth UC academic policies in the current Academic Calendar. Four policies of particular relevance are:

Academic Integrity

It is a serious offence to present a piece of work for course credit as one’s own if the work or a portion thereof was done by some other person (plagiarism). Actions of plagiarism harm both the student and the reputation of the University College. Plagiarism or any form of cheating in examinations or term tests (e.g. crib notes) is subject to serious academic penalty that may include loss of part or all of the marks for an assignment/test, failure in the course, dismissal from the University College, or other serious consequences. Plagiarism or cheating in a course in which a student is cross-registered with the University of Manitoba may lead to disciplinary action by the University according to its policies.

To plagiarize is to take ideas or words of another person and pass them off as one’s own. In short, it is stealing something intangible rather than an object. Obviously it is not necessary to state the source of well-known or easily verifiable facts, but students are expected to acknowledge the sources of ideas and expressions they use in their written work, whether quoted directly or paraphrased. This applies to diagrams, statistical tables and the like, as well as to written material and materials or information from Internet sources. Failure to do so constitutes plagiarism. It will also be considered plagiarism and/or cheating if a student submits an assignment in whole or in part by someone other than him/herself, or copies the answer or answers of another student in any test, examination, or take-home assignment.

At the beginning of their program of study, all students are required to complete the prescribed plagiarism tutorial.

Instructors are required to report all allegations of plagiarism or cheating to the Academic Dean before a grade is assigned. The original assignment is submitted to the Academic Dean.

The Academic Dean will chair a joint meeting of student and instructor to hear both the allegations and the student’s response to the allegations. The Academic Dean will then make a determination whether or not plagiarism or cheating has in fact occurred and decide on appropriate disciplinary measures. The student and instructor will be notified of the Academic Dean’s decision in writing. A copy of the decision will be sent to the Registrar and University College President. The student has the right to appeal the decision of the Academic Dean (see Academic Appeals).

Use of Personal Computers, Electronic Devices and Cell Phones in Booth Classrooms

We consider the Booth classroom environment to be a special place of focused engagement between professors and students. As such, electronic devices are allowed in the classroom only for the purposes of course instruction. The use of computers, the internet (including email), downloaded material, or other electronic devices such as cell phones require the express permission of the instructor. Social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter, blogging and other related activities are not permitted in Booth classrooms. The use of personal computers

and other electronic devices in the classroom is a privilege which may be withdrawn at the discretion of the instructor.

Unclaimed Term Work

It is the student’s responsibility to claim all term work, assignments or tests. Any term work that has not been claimed by students will be held for a period of four months from the end of final exam period for the term in which the work was assigned. At the conclusion of this time, all unclaimed term work will be destroyed according to FIPPA guidelines.

Withdrawal

Any student who is considering withdrawing from the course is requested to speak with the instructor and contact the Booth University College Registrar at 204-924-4861 and/or your program advisor.

If you are having difficulty with the course, or think that any grade assigned to your work is unfair, please contact me. Chances are that we can solve any problems together.

Course Schedule and Required Readings

MONDAY, AUGUST 12 (AM): INTRODUCTION TO THE COURSE; INTRODUCTION TO THE LIVES OF WILLIAM AND CATHERINE BOOTH AND INFLUENCES ON THEIR LIVES

Topics: The times in which the Booths lived and were nurtured; the Wesleyan heritage of the Booths; the other influences on their lives; introduction to the discipline of hermeneutics

Required Reading:

Green, Roger J. The Life & Ministry of William Booth: Founder of The Salvation Army. Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 2005, chapters 1-3

Robinson, Earl. "Wesleyan Distinctives in Salvation Army Theology." Word & Deed 6, no. 2 (2004): 5-21.

Brown, Jeannine K. Introducing Biblical Hermeneutics: Scripture as Communication. Grand Rapids, MI: BakerAcademic, 2007, chapter 1.

Supplementary Reading:

Collins, Kenneth J. “Wesley’s Life and Ministry” in The Cambridge Companion to John Wesley, edited by Randy L. Maddox and Jason E. Vickers, chapter 2. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

MONDAY, AUGUST 12 (PM): THE BOOTHS AND THEIR THEOLOGICAL COMMITMENTS

Topics: The Booths and New Connexion Methodism; theological commitments of the Booths; the working hermeneutics of the Booths

Required Reading:

Green, Roger J. The Life & Ministry of William Booth: Founder of The Salvation Army. Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 2005, chapters 4-5.

Larsen, Timothy, “Methodist and Holiness: Catherine Booth, William Cooke, and the Scriptures”, in Timothy Larsen, A People of One Book: The Bible and the Victorians, chapter 4. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2011.

Burke, Don. “Toward a Salvation Army Biblical Hermeneutic”. Discussion of this text with Professor Burke

Supplementary Reading:

Wall, Robert W. “Wesley as Biblical Interpreter” in Randy L. Maddox and Jason E. Vickers, eds., The Cambridge Companion to John Wesley, edited by Randy L. Maddox and Jason E. Vickers, chapter 6. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

TUESDAY, AUGUST 13 (AM): THE SALVATION ARMY AND SALVATION

Topics: The Bible and the doctrine of salvation; various images for atonement;

Required Reading:

Green, Roger J. The Life & Ministry of William Booth: Founder of The Salvation Army. Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 2003, chapters 6-7.

Tyson, John R. “We to the Sacred Standard Fly: The Bible” in John R. Tyson, The Way of the Wesleys: A Short Introduction, chapter 1. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2014.

Supplementary Reading:

Eason, Andrew M. and Roger J. Green, Boundless Salvation: The Shorter Writings of William Booth, 41-49. New York, NY: Peter Lang, 2012.

TUESDAY, AUGUST 13 (PM): THE SALVATION ARMY AND THE MILLENNIAL KINGDOM

Topics: The Bible and the Millennial Kingdom

Required Reading:

Booth, William. “The Millennium; or, the Ultimate Triumph of Salvation Army Principles.” In Boundless Salvation: The Shorter Writings of William Booth, edited by Andrew M. Eason and Roger J. Green, 60-71. New York: Peter Lang, 2012.*** Discussion of this text

Green, Roger J. War on Two Fronts: William Booth’s Theology of Redemption. Second Edition. 55-73. Alexandria, VA: Crest Books, 2017.

***This is the reading for the first reading summary and response.

WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 14 (AM): THE SALVATION ARMY AND THE DOCTRINE OF H0LINESS

Topics: The Bible and the doctrine of holiness; various biblical images for holiness; Wesleyanism and holiness

Required Reading:

Green, Roger J. The Life & Ministry of William Booth: Founder of The Salvation Army. Nashville, TN: 2005, chapters 8-9.

Booth, William, “Holiness: An Address at the Conference” in Boundless Salvation: The Shorter Writings of William Booth, edited by Andrew M. Eason and Roger J. Green, 80-87. New York: Peter Lang, 2012.

Wesley, John. “The Scripture Way of Salvation.” In The Works of John Wesley, Vol. 2, edited by Albert C. Outler, 152-169. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1986.

Supplementary Reading:

Tyson. John R. “Pure and Spotless Let Us Be: Holiness” in John R. Tyson, The Way of the Wesleys: A Short Introduction, chapter 4. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2014.

WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 14 (PM): THE SALVATION ARMY AND THE DOCTRINE OF HOLINESS

Topics: The Bible and the doctrine of holiness; various biblical images for holiness; Wesleyanism and holiness

Required Reading:

Green, Roger J. Catherine Booth: A Biography of the Cofounder of The Salvation Army, chapter 4. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 1996.

Booth, Catherine, “Holiness: Being an Address Delivered in St. James’ Hall, Piccadilly, London” in Settled Views: The Shorter Writings of Catherine Booth edited by Andrew M. Eason and Roger J. Green, 102-115. New York: Peter Lang, 2012.*** Discussion of this text

Witherington III, Ben. “Amazing Prevenient Grace and Entire Sanctification” in Ben Witherington III, The Problem with Evangelical Theology: Testing the Exegetical Foundations of Calvinism, Dispensationalism, Wesleyanism, and Pentecostalism, chapter 11. Waco, TX: Baylor University Press, 2016. Discussion of this text

Supplemental Reading:

Rightmire, R. David. “Pneumatological Foundations for Non-Sacramental Theology” in R. David Rightmire, The Sacramental Journey of The Salvation Army, chapter 10. Alexandria, VA: Crest Books, 2016.

***This is the reading for the second reading summary and response.

THURSDAY, AUGUST 15 (AM): CATHERINE BOOTH AND FEMALE MINISTRY

Topics: The Bible and women in ministry; Catherine Booth and female ministry; female ministry in The Salvation Army

Required Reading:

Green, Roger J. The Life & Ministry of William Booth: Founder of The Salvation Army. Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 2005, chapters 10-11.

Green, Roger J. “Settled Views: Women in Ministry” in Roger J. Green, Catherine Booth: A Biography of the Cofounder of The Salvation Army, chapter 5. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 1996.

Eason, Andrew M. “Epilogue” in Andrew M. Eason, Women in God’s Army: Gender and Equality in the Early Salvation Army, pp. 153-157. Waterloo: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2003.

Supplemental Reading:

Dayton, Donald, “The Evangelical Roots of Feminism” in Donald Dayton, Discovering an Evangelical Heritage, chapter 8. New York: Harper and Row Publishers, 1976.

THURSDAY, AUGUST 15 (PM): CATHERINE BOOTH AND FEMALE MINISTRY

Topics: Catherine Booth and female ministry; female ministry in the Salvation Army.

Required Reading:

Booth, Catherine. “Female Teaching.” In Settled Views: The Shorter Writings of Catherine Booth, edited by Andrew M. Eason and Roger J. Green, 135-156. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2017. Discussion of this text

Eason, Andrew M. "Chapter 3: Promoter of Female Ministry." In Settled Views: The Shorter Writings of Catherine Booth, edited by Andrew M. Eason and Roger J. Green, 123-132. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2017.***

Supplementary Reading:

Murdoch, Norman H. "Female Ministry in the Thought and Work of Catherine Booth." Church History 53, no. 3 (1984): 348-62.

***This is the reading for the third reading summary and response

FRIDAY, AUGUST 16 (AM): THE BIBLE AND SOCIAL MINISTRY

Topic: The Bible and social ministry; the evolution of social ministry in The Christian Mission and The Salvation Army

Required Reading:

Green, Roger J. The Life & Ministry of William Booth: Founder of The Salvation Army. Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 2005, 12-14.

Booth, William. "Salvation for Both Worlds." In Boundless Salvation: The Shorter Writings of William Booth edited by Andrew M. Eason and Roger J. Green, 51-59. New York: Peter Lang, 2012. Discussion of this text

Green, Roger J. “Theological Roots of In Darkest England and the Way Out.” Wesleyan Theological Journal 25, no. 1 (1990): 83-106.

Supplementary Reading:

Robinson, Barbara. "Wesleyan Foundation of Salvation Army Social Work and Action." Word & Deed 7, no. 1 (2004): 33-42.

FRIDAY, AUGUST 16 (PM): THE CONTINUING HISTORY OF THE SALVATION ARMY AND BIBLICAL HERMENEUTICS

Topic: The Bible and the Church; The Salvation Army and the Anglican Church; where to from here?

Required Reading:

Green, Roger, “The Salvation Army and the Anglican Church, 1882-1883” in Fides et Historia 47, no. 2 (Summer/Fall 2015): 19-32.

Salvation Story: Salvationist Handbook of Doctrine, chapter 1. London, UK: Salvation Army International Headquarters, 1998.

Bibliography

Booth, Bramwell. Echoes and Memories. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1925. Booth, Catherine Mumford. Female Ministry: Or, Women’s Right to Preach the Gospel. London: Morgan & Chase, 1870. Booth, Catherine. Holiness: Being an Address Delivered in St. James’ Hall, Piccadilly, London. Toronto: The Temple, 1888. Booth, Catherine. Mrs. Booth on Recent Criticisms of the Salvation Army: Being an Address Delivered in St. James’ Hall, London, on Monday, July 17, 1882. London: Salvation Army Stores, 1884. Booth, Catherine. Papers on Aggressive Christianity. London: The Salvation Army, 1891. Booth, Catherine. Papers on Godliness: Being Reports of a Series of Addresses Delivered at James’s Hall, London, During 1881. London: International Headquarters of the Salvation Army, 1896. Booth, Catherine. Popular Christianity. London: The Salvation Army Book Depot, 1887. The Salvation Army in Relation to the Church and State. London: The Salvation Army, 1883. Booth, William. In Darkest England, and the Way Out. London: Funk & Wagnalls, 1890. Booth, William. Purity of Heart. London: Salvation Army Book-Room, 1902. Brown, Jeannine K. Introducing Biblical Hermeneutics: Scripture as Communication. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2007. Carwardine, Richard. Transatlantic Revivalism: Popular Evangelicalism in Britain and America 1790-1865. Milton Keynes, UK: Paternoster, 2006. Coutts, John. This We Believe: A Study of the Background and Meaning of Salvation Army Doctrines. London: Challenge Books, 1976. Davisson, Philip W. “Sweeping Through the Land: Postmillennialism and the Early Salvation Army.” Word & Deed: A Journal of Salvation Army Theology and Ministry 5, no. 2 (May 2003): 29–50. Dayton, Donald W. Discovering an Evangelical Heritage. New York: Harper & Row, 1976. Dieter, Melvin E. The Holiness Revival of the Nineteenth Century. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1980. Eason, Andrew M. Women in God’s Army: Gender and Equality in the Early Salvation Army. Waterloo, Ontario, Canada: Wilfred Laurier University Press, 2003. Eason, Andrew M. “The Salvation Army in Late-Victorian Britain: The Convergence of Church and Sect.” Word & Deed: A Journal of Salvation Army Theology and Ministry 5, no. 2 (May 2003): 3–28. Eason, Andrew M., and Roger J. Green, eds. Boundless Salvation: The Shorter Writings of William Booth. New York: Peter Lang, 2012. Eason, Andrew M., and Roger J. Green, eds. Settled Views: The Shorter Writings of Catherine Booth. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2017. Green, Roger J. Catherine Booth: A Biography of the Cofounder of the Salvation Army. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 1996. Green, Roger J. “Catherine Booth and Female Ministry.” Methodist History 31, no. 3 (April

1993):131-147. Green, Roger J. “Catherine Booth: Preacher of Holiness” in A Legacy of Preaching, 2 vols., 88- 101. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2018. Green, Roger J. The Life and Ministry of William Booth: Founder of the Salvation Army. Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 2005. Green, Roger J. “The Salvation Army and the Anglican Church, 1882-1883.” Fides et Historia 47, no. 2 (Summer/Fall 2015):19-32. Green., Roger J. War on Two Fronts: William Booth’s Theology of Redemption, Second Edition. Alexandria, VA: Crest Books, 2017. Horridge, Glenn K. The Salvation Army, Origins and Early Years: 1865-1900. Godalming, UK: Ammonite Books, 1993. Larsen, Timothy. A People of One Book: The Bible and the Victorians. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011. Maddox, Randy L. and Jason E. Vickers, eds. The Cambridge Companion to John Wesley. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Merritt, John G. and Allen Satterlee, eds. Historical Dictionary of The Salvation Army, Second Edition. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2017. Murdoch, Norman. Origins of The Salvation Army. Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press, 1994. Murdoch, Norman. “The Salvation Army and the Church of England, 1882-1883.” Historical Magazine of the Protestant Episcopal Church 55 (1986). Murdoch, Norman. “Wesleyan Influence on William and Catherine Booth.” Wesleyan Theological Journal 20, no. 2 (Fall 1985): 97–103. Needham, Phil. Community in Mission: A Salvationist Ecclesiology. London: International Headquarters of the Salvation Army, 1987. Power, Bruce. “Towards a Sociology of The Salvation Army.” Word & Deed: A Journal of Salvation Army Theology and Ministry 2, no. 1 (May 1999): 17–33. Rightmire, R. David. The Sacramental Journey of the Salvation Army: A Study of Holiness Foundations. Alexandria, VA: Crest Books, 2016. Robertson, Roland. “The Salvation Army: The Persistence of Sectarianism.” In Patterns of Sectarianism, 49–105. London: Heinemann, 1967. Robinson, Earl. “The Salvation Army—Ecclesia?” Word & Deed: A Journal of Salvation Army Theology and Ministry 2, no. 1 (November 1999): 5–15. Salvation Story: Salvationist Handbook of Doctrine. London: Salvation Army International Headquarters, 1998. Servants Together: Salvationist Perspectives on Ministry. Revised. London: The Salvation Army, 2008. Smith, Timothy L. Revivalism and Social Reform: American Protestantism on the Eve of the Civil War. Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2004. Taylor, W. David O. Like a Mighty Army? The Salvation Army, the Church, and the Churches. Eugene, OR: Pickwick Publications, 2014. Tyson, John R. The Way of the Wesleys: A Short Introduction. Grand Rapids, MI: William B.

Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2014. Waldron, John D., ed. Creed and Deed: Toward a Christian Theology of Social Services in the Salvation Army. Toronto: The Salvation Army, 1986. Wesley, John. “The Scripture Way of Salvation.” In The Works of John Wesley, Vol. 2, edited by Albert C. Outler, 152-169. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1986. Witherington III, Ben. The Problem with Evangelical Theology: Testing the Exegetical Foundations of Calvinism, Dispensationalism, Wesleyanism, and Pentecostalism, Revised and Expanded Edition. Waco, TX: Baylor University Press, 2016.

Appendix A:

GUIDELINES FORWRITING PAPERS/ SENIOR THESES FOR ROGER J. GREEN

INTRODUCTION

As stated in the syllabus, I grade on form as well as content. The way in which your argument in the paper is presented is critical, and can either enhance your paper or detract from your paper. Therefore, please give careful attention to the writing of your paper in terms of both the form of the paper and the content. Following are some guidelines that may be helpful to you as your write a paper/senior thesis for this course.

FORMAT OF THE PAPER

 Please use Times New Roman font and ten font size for the writing of the paper

 One inch margins on all sides of the paper

 Double space

 The paper should be in four parts: a cover page; the contents of the paper; endnotes; and bibliography; page numbers as they appear in this document

 The cover page should include the following: the title of the paper centered on the page; and your student’s identification number (for papers) or name (for senior theses), the number and name of the course, and the date on the lower right hand corner of the page; please remember to have a page number on each page

 The contents of the paper should be free of any footnotes, endnotes, or notes within the text; please use endnotes only

 Begin the endnotes page on a separate page from the contents of the paper, and at the top of the page and centered please write ENDNOTES

 After the endnotes page and on a separate page please begin your bibliography, and at the top of the page and centered please write BIBLIOGRAPHY

CONTENTS OF THE PAPER

 A clear introduction and conclusion to the paper, including in the introduction a clear thesis statement of one sentence beginning with “This paper will demonstrate that. . . .”

1

 A clear and compelling central thesis to the paper that is easy for the reader to follow

 A heading for the main parts of the paper

 Careful use of endnotes for the material that you are quoting or using extensively to develop critical thoughts in your paper; you do not need to use endnotes at the end of every paragraph in the paper, but when in doubt about plagiarizing an endnote should be used

PLEASE BE CAREFUL OF THE FOLLOWING ERRORS IN WRITING THE PAPER

 Misspellings

 Incomplete sentences

 Run-on sentences

 Lack of parallel structure in your writing

 Paragraphs with only one sentence

 Digressing from your central thesis or your main topics

 Plagiarizing

FORMAT FOR WRITING ENDNOTES AND BIBLIOGRAPHIC ENTRIES— EXAMPLES GIVEN

I recognize that there are many style formats for writing papers in academic institutions, and that the choices can be confusing at times. I have chosen to use endnotes rather than footnotes or notes within the text so that the text can flow without interruption. It is not a problem for the reader to turn to the end of the paper or thesis to look at the endnotes. Also, while many styles of endnotes are helpful, uniformity is necessary in any paper or thesis. Therefore, I have established the following guidelines for writing endnotes for my courses, and I trust that these guidelines will be helpful. I ask that all writers in my courses adhere strictly to these guidelines.

 First reference of a single volume book:

Author’s name, Title of the book in italics (Place of publication: the Publisher, Date of Publication), p. [in lower case letter] for a single page reference; or pp. [in lower case letters] for multiple page references. [Note that the number of the

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endnote is indented, and the remainder of the note is justified to the left margin]. Example:

1. Alister McGrath, Evangelicalism & the Future of Christianity (Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity Press, 1995), p. 9.

2. Elizabeth Jay, ed. [if the work it edited] The Journal of John Wesley: A Selection (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987), p. 10.

 First reference of a multi-volume book:

Author’s name, Title of the book in italics, Number of Vols. (Place of publication: the Publisher, Date of Publication) volume number: page [note that p. or pp. is not used]. Example:

1. Frederick de Latour Booth-Tucker, The Life of Catherine Booth, 2 Vols. (New York: The MacMillan Company, 1920) 1:69.

 First reference of an article in a journal or magazine:

Author’s name, “Title of the article in quotation marks,” Title of the Journal in italics, Vol. Number [if available] (year of publication), page number or numbers. Example:

1. Robert W. Yarbrough, “Evangelical Theology in Germany,” Evangelical Quarterly 65 (1993), p. 329.

 Subsequent references to books or articles:

If the reference follows directly and is the same page number, write Ibid. [Note that Ibid. is not in italics]. Example:

2. Ibid.

If the reference follows directly and is of a different page number, write Ibid., p. or pp. Example:

2. Ibid., p. 20.

If the reference does not follow directly, write the author’s last name only, the title of the book [in italics] or article [in quotations marks], and the page number. Examples:

3. McGrath, Evangelicalism & the Future of Christianity, p. 21.

4. Yarbrough, “Evangelical Theology in Germany,” p. 330.

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 Use endnotes to further elaborate upon an idea that was written in the article but that does not properly belong in the article. Note that the number of the endnote is indented and the remainder of the endnote is justified to the left margin, except in the case where an extended endnote is several paragraphs. In that case the first line of each paragraph is indented.

 For your bibliographies use this format:

Books:

Author’s last name, first name, Title of the book in italics (Place of Publication: Publisher, Date of Publication). Note that the second and following lines of the entry are indented. Example:

McGrath, Alister, Evangelicalism & the Future of Christianity (Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity Press, 1999).

Articles:

Author’s last name, first name, “Title of the Article [in quotation marks]” Title of the journal [in italics] Vol. Number (date of publication), total pages of the article. Note that the second and following lines of the entry are indented. Example:

Ocheltree, Carol, “Wesleyan Methodist Perceptions of William Booth,” Methodist History 28 (1990), pp. 262-283.

Finally, I am aware that many of you will be using the Internet to help you find articles and books for your research. However, please do not give Internet sources in your endnotes or bibliographies. Use entries from the original sources only. Also, in your research generally the most recent articles and books should be used. Good scholarship builds upon past scholarship, and helpful articles and books that are recent will include scholarship from the past. As always, reading and researching from primary sources is preferable.

Also, if you would like me to look at a first draft of your paper or thesis, please give that to me two weeks before the due date so that I will have sufficient time to read and comment on your work. And if I can be of any assistance before a final draft please see me.

Happy writing!

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