Course Syllabus

SPRING SUMMER 2019 THE ARMY AND THE SALV 0504

This course is being held in WINNIPEG MB

MONDAY, AUGUST 12 TO FRIDAY, AUGUST 16 8:30 AM – 4:00 PM (Central Daylight time)

INSTRUCTOR: ROGER J. GREEN, Ph.D. (617) 816-4980 Email: [email protected]

Office Hours: Before or after class, or by appointment

To access your course materials at the start of the course, please go to https://myboothonline.boothuc.ca

The mission of Tyndale Seminary is to provide Christ-centred graduate theological education for leaders in the church and society whose lives are marked by intellectual maturity, spiritual vigour and moral integrity, and whose witness will faithfully engage culture with the .

I. COURSE DESCRIPTION

This course will examine the use of Scripture in the history of , concentrating primarily on the life and ministry of William and and the formation of that ministry through the founding of The in 1865 and The Salvation Army in 1878. The course will focus on several Scriptural interpretations of the Booths and others through to the time of ’s death in 1912. Where appropriate the use of the Bible in The Salvation Army after 1912 and up to 2019 will also be studied.

1 Revised: March 28, 2019 II. LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the course, students will able to:

 Demonstrate familiarity with the life and ministry of William and Catherine Booth and the major shaping forces at work in their lives, ministry and thought.

 Discuss the biblical foundations for Army , with a respectful, but critical, appraisal of how the Bible was used to arrive at that theology.

 Examine key elements of the Booths’ theology and Army theology today in the light of basic hermeneutical principles. Such theological topics as holiness, women in ministry, the nature of the millennial kingdom, the nature and use of the sacraments, and social ministry will be examined.

 Describe the general hermeneutical principles (either expressed or assumed) used by both William and Catherine Booth, and how these principles conform to Wesleyan hermeneutics and to the broader discipline of hermeneutics.

III. COURSE REQUIREMENTS

A. REQUIRED READING

Green, Roger J. The Life & Ministry of William Booth: Founder of The Salvation Army. Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 2005. ISBN Paperback: 0687052734

Other required readings, as per the course schedule below, will be provided on the course resource page.

B. SUPPLEMENTARY / RECOMMENDED READING AND TOOLS

Students will be expected to read extensively in the literature of the Salvation Army. An essential resource for research on the Salvation Army, its history, and theology is the journal Word & Deed: A Journal of Salvation Army Theology and Ministry which is published by the Salvation Army U.S.A. and edited by Roger J. Green and Jonathan S. Raymond. All of the issues up to 2017 are available online, together with a useful author and title index.

A recent addition to the study of Salvation Army history is The Australasian Journal of Salvation Army History. Issues may be viewed online.

A valuable resource for the study of Wesleyan theology and history is the Wesleyan Theological Journal. Online issues are available up to 2010. More recent issues are

2 | P a g e available in hardcopy in both the Tyndale Library and the Booth University College Library.

Tyndale recommends www.stepbible.org – a free and reputable online resource developed by Tyndale House (Cambridge, ) – for word searches of original- language texts, as well as for topical searches, interlinear texts, dictionaries, etc. Refer to the library for other online resources for Biblical Studies.

C. ASSIGNMENTS AND GRADING

1. Class Participation (10%). Students are expected to attend class sessions and to participate actively in discussions, demonstrating knowledge of and engagement with the assigned readings. When texts are being discussed in the course, graduate students will be expected to come to class prepared to begin that discussion with both reflections on the texts and questions about the texts.

2. Analysis (25%, 5 pages, double-spaced, 10 point font, due on August 23, 2019). Students will write an analysis of the overall hermeneutical principles used by the Booths and their Salvation Army contemporaries, commenting on the perceived strengths and weaknesses of those hermeneutical approaches.

3. Research Paper Proposal (25%, 2-4 pages 10 point font, plus bibliography, due September 9, 2019). The research paper proposal should include a statement of the topic, a tentative thesis, an outline of the major sections of the paper with a brief description of each section, and a preliminary bibliography. Students are encouraged strongly to choose their topic and to begin preliminary research during the week of classes to ensure access to materials and to make consultation with the professor regarding the topic easier.

4. Research Paper (40%, 10-12 pages 10 point font, double-spaced; due on October 11, 2019). Students will write a research paper on a topic relevant to the course material. Papers should focus on topics agreed upon in the Research Paper Proposal.

D. EQUITY OF ACCESS

Students with permanent or temporary disabilities who need academic accommodations must contact the Accessibility Services at the Centre for Academic Excellence to register and discuss their specific needs. New students must self-identify and register with the Accessibility Office at the beginning of the semester or as early as possible to access appropriate services. Current students must renew their plans as early as possible to have active accommodations in place.

E. SUMMARY OF ASSIGNMENTS AND GRADING

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Evaluation is based upon the completion of the following assignments:

Class Preparation and Participation 10% Analysis 25% Research Paper Proposal 25% Research Paper 40% Total Grade 100%

F. GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR THE SUBMISSION OF WRITTEN WORK

Assignments are to be in Microsoft Word format and sent as an email attachment to my email address by 11:55 pm (Central Time) on the assigned due date.

Assignments must be double-spaced, in 10 point Times New Roman font, with 1” or 1.25” margins. Please use Appendix A “Guidelines for Writing Papers” for the format of the assignments.

Academic Integrity Integrity in academic work is required of all our students. Academic dishonesty is any breach of this integrity, and includes such practices as cheating (the use of unauthorized material on tests and examinations), submitting the same work for different classes without permission of the instructors; using false information (including false references to secondary sources) in an assignment; improper or unacknowledged collaboration with other students, and plagiarism. Tyndale University College & Seminary takes seriously its responsibility to uphold academic integrity, and to penalize academic dishonesty.

Students are encouraged to consult writing resources.

Students should also consult the current Academic Calendar for academic polices on Academic Honesty, Gender Inclusive Language in Written Assignments, Late Papers and Extensions, Return of Assignments, and Grading System.

Research Ethics All course-based assignments involving human participants requires ethical review and approval by the Tyndale Research Ethics Board (REB). Check with the Seminary Office (Room B302; [email protected]) before proceeding.

G. COURSE EVALUATION

Tyndale Seminary values quality in the courses it offers its students. End-of-course evaluations provide valuable student feedback and are one of the ways that Tyndale Seminary works toward maintaining and improving the quality of courses and the

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student’s learning experience. Student involvement in this process is critical to enhance the general quality of teaching and learning.,

Before the end of the course, students will receive a MyTyndale email with a link to the online course evaluation. The evaluation period is 2 weeks; after the evaluation period has ended, it cannot be reopened.

Course Evaluation results will not be disclosed to the instructor before final grades in the course have been submitted and processed. Student names will be kept confidential and the instructor will only see the aggregated results of the class.

IV. COURSE SCHEDULE, CONTENT AND REQUIRED READINGS

MONDAY, AUGUST 12 (AM): INTRODUCTION TO THE COURSE; INTRODUCTION TO THE LIVES OF WILLIAM AND CATHERINE BOOTH AND INFLUENCES ON THEIR LIVES

Topics: The times in which the Booths lived and were nurtured; the Wesleyan heritage of the Booths; the other influences on their lives; introduction to the discipline of hermeneutics

Required Reading:

Green, Roger J. The Life & Ministry of William Booth: Founder of The Salvation Army. Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 2005, chapters 1-3

Robinson, Earl. "Wesleyan Distinctives in Salvation Army Theology." Word & Deed 6, no. 2 (2004): 5-21.

Brown, Jeannine K. Introducing Biblical Hermeneutics: Scripture as Communication. Grand Rapids, MI: BakerAcademic, 2007, chapter 1.

Collins, Kenneth J. “Wesley’s Life and Ministry” in The Cambridge Companion to John Wesley, edited by Randy L. Maddox and Jason E. Vickers, chapter 2. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

MONDAY, AUGUST 12 (PM): THE BOOTHS AND THEIR THEOLOGICAL COMMITMENTS

Topics: The Booths and New Connexion ; theological commitments of the Booths; the working hermeneutics of the Booths

Required Reading:

Green, Roger J. The Life & Ministry of William Booth: Founder of The Salvation Army. Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 2005, chapters 4-5.

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Larsen, Timothy, “Methodist and Holiness: Catherine Booth, William Cooke, and the Scriptures”, in Timothy Larsen, A People of One Book: The Bible and the Victorians, chapter 4. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2011.

Burke, Don. “Toward a Salvation Army Biblical Hermeneutic”. Discussion of this text with Professor Burke

Wall, Robert W. “Wesley as Biblical Interpreter” in Randy L. Maddox and Jason E. Vickers, eds., The Cambridge Companion to John Wesley, chapter 6. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

TUESDAY, AUGUST 13 (AM): THE SALVATION ARMY AND SALVATION

Topics: The Bible and the doctrine of salvation; various images for atonement;

Required Reading:

Green, Roger J. The Life & Ministry of William Booth: Founder of The Salvation Army. Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 2003, chapters 6-7.

Tyson, John R. “We to the Sacred Standard Fly: The Bible” in John R. Tyson, The Way of the Wesleys: A Short Introduction, chapter 1. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2014.

Eason, Andrew M. and Roger J. Green, Boundless Salvation: The Shorter Writings of William Booth, 41-49. New York, NY: Peter Lang, 2012.

TUESDAY, AUGUST 13 (PM): THE SALVATION ARMY AND THE MILLENNIAL KINGDOM

Topics: The Bible and the Millennial Kingdom

Required Reading:

Booth, William. “The Millennium; or, the Ultimate Triumph of Salvation Army Principles.” In Boundless Salvation: The Shorter Writings of William Booth, edited by Andrew M. Eason and Roger J. Green, 60-71. New York: Peter Lang, 2012. Discussion of this text

Green, Roger J. War on Two Fronts: William Booth’s Theology of Redemption. Second Edition. 55-73. Alexandria, VA: Crest Books, 2017.

WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 14 (AM): THE SALVATION ARMY AND THE DOCTRINE OF H0LINESS

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Topics: The Bible and the doctrine of holiness; various biblical images for holiness; Wesleyanism and holiness

Required Reading:

Green, Roger J. The Life & Ministry of William Booth: Founder of The Salvation Army. Nashville, TN: 2005, chapters 8-9.

Booth, William, “Holiness: An Address at the Conference” in Boundless Salvation: The Shorter Writings of William Booth, edited by Andrew M. Eason and Roger J. Green, 80-87. New York: Peter Lang, 2012.

Wesley, John. “The Scripture Way of Salvation.” In The Works of John Wesley, Vol. 2, edited by Albert C. Outler, 152-169. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1986.

Tyson. John R. “Pure and Spotless Let Us Be: Holiness” in John R. Tyson, The Way of the Wesleys: A Short Introduction, chapter 4. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2014.

WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 14 (PM): THE SALVATION ARMY AND THE DOCTRINE OF HOLINESS

Topics: The Bible and the doctrine of holiness; various biblical images for holiness; Wesleyanism and holiness

Required Reading:

Green, Roger J. Catherine Booth: A Biography of the Cofounder of The Salvation Army, chapter 4. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 1996.

Booth, Catherine, “Holiness: Being an Address Delivered in St. James’ Hall, Piccadilly, ” in Settled Views: The Shorter Writings of Catherine Booth edited by Andrew M. Eason and Roger J. Green, 102-115. New York: Peter Lang, 2012. Discussion of this text

Witherington III, Ben. “Amazing Prevenient Grace and Entire Sanctification” in Ben Witherington III, The Problem with Evangelical Theology: Testing the Exegetical Foundations of Calvinism, Dispensationalism, Wesleyanism, and Pentecostalism, chapter 11. Waco, TX: Baylor University Press, 2016. Discussion of this text

Rightmire, R. David. “Pneumatological Foundations for Non-Sacramental Theology” in R. David Rightmire, The Sacramental Journey of The Salvation Army, chapter 10. Alexandria, VA: Crest Books, 2016.

THURSDAY, AUGUST 15 (AM): CATHERINE BOOTH AND FEMALE MINISTRY

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Topics: The Bible and women in ministry; Catherine Booth and female ministry; female ministry in The Salvation Army

Required Reading:

Green, Roger J. The Life & Ministry of William Booth: Founder of The Salvation Army. Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 2005, chapters 10-11.

Green, Roger J. “Settled Views: Women in Ministry” in Roger J. Green, Catherine Booth: A Biography of the Cofounder of The Salvation Army, chapter 5. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 1996.

Eason, Andrew M. “Epilogue” in Andrew M. Eason, Women in God’s Army: Gender and Equality in the Early Salvation Army, pp. 153-157. Waterloo: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2003.

Dayton, Donald, “The Evangelical Roots of Feminism” in Donald Dayton, Discovering an Evangelical Heritage, chapter 8. New York: Harper and Row Publishers, 1976.

THURSDAY, AUGUST 15 (PM): CATHERINE BOOTH AND FEMALE MINISTRY

Topics: Catherine Booth and female ministry; female ministry in the Salvation Army.

Required Reading:

Booth, Catherine. “Female Teaching.” In Settled Views: The Shorter Writings of Catherine Booth, edited by Andrew M. Eason and Roger J. Green, 135-156. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2017. Discussion of this text

Eason, Andrew M. "Chapter 3: Promoter of Female Ministry." In Settled Views: The Shorter Writings of Catherine Booth, edited by Andrew M. Eason and Roger J. Green, 123-132. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2017.

Murdoch, Norman H. "Female Ministry in the Thought and Work of Catherine Booth." Church History 53, no. 3 (1984): 348-62.

FRIDAY, AUGUST 16 (AM): THE BIBLE AND SOCIAL MINISTRY

Topic: The Bible and social ministry; the evolution of social ministry in The Christian Mission and The Salvation Army

Required Reading:

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Green, Roger J. The Life & Ministry of William Booth: Founder of The Salvation Army. Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 2005, 12-14.

Booth, William. "Salvation for Both Worlds." In Boundless Salvation: The Shorter Writings of William Booth edited by Andrew M. Eason and Roger J. Green, 51-59. New York: Peter Lang, 2012. Discussion of this text

Green, Roger J. “Theological Roots of In Darkest England and the Way Out.” Wesleyan Theological Journal 25, no. 1 (1990): 83-106.

Robinson, Barbara. "Wesleyan Foundation of Salvation Army Social Work and Action." Word & Deed 7, no. 1 (2004): 33-42.

FRIDAY, AUGUST 16 (PM): THE CONTINUING HISTORY OF THE SALVATION ARMY AND BIBLICAL HERMENEUTICS

Topic: The Bible and the Church; The Salvation Army and the Anglican Church; where to from here?

Required Reading:

Green, Roger, “The Salvation Army and the Anglican Church, 1882-1883” in Fides et Historia 47, no. 2 (Summer/Fall 2015): 19-32.

Salvation Story: Salvationist Handbook of Doctrine, chapter 1. London, UK: The Salvation Army, 1998.

V. SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY

(Tyndale Library supports this course with e-journals and e-books. See the Library FAQ page.)

Booth, Bramwell. Echoes and Memories. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1925. Booth, Catherine Mumford. Female Ministry: Or, Women’s Right to Preach . London: Morgan & Chase, 1870. Booth, Catherine. Holiness: Being an Address Delivered in St. James’ Hall, Piccadilly, London. Toronto: The Temple, 1888. Booth, Catherine. Mrs. Booth on Recent Criticisms of the Salvation Army: Being an Address Delivered in St. James’ Hall, London, on Monday, July 17, 1882. London: Salvation Army Stores, 1884. Booth, Catherine. Papers on Aggressive . London: The Salvation Army, 1891. Booth, Catherine. Papers on Godliness: Being Reports of a Series of Addresses Delivered at

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James’s Hall, London, During 1881. London: International Headquarters of the Salvation Army, 1896. Booth, Catherine. Popular Christianity. London: The Salvation Army Book Depot, 1887. The Salvation Army in Relation to the Church and State. London: The Salvation Army, 1883. Booth, William. In Darkest England, and the Way Out. London: Funk & Wagnalls, 1890. Booth, William. Purity of Heart. London: Salvation Army Book-Room, 1902. Brown, Jeannine K. Introducing Biblical Hermeneutics: Scripture as Communication. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2007. Carwardine, Richard. Transatlantic Revivalism: Popular in Britain and America 1790-1865. Milton Keynes, UK: Paternoster, 2006. Coutts, John. This We Believe: A Study of the Background and Meaning of Salvation Army Doctrines. London: Challenge Books, 1976. Davisson, Philip W. “Sweeping Through the Land: Postmillennialism and the Early Salvation Army.” Word & Deed: A Journal of Salvation Army Theology and Ministry 5, no. 2 (May 2003): 29–50. Dayton, Donald W. Discovering an Evangelical Heritage. New York: Harper & Row, 1976. Dieter, Melvin E. The Holiness Revival of the Nineteenth Century. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1980. Eason, Andrew M. Women in God’s Army: Gender and Equality in the Early Salvation Army. Waterloo, Ontario, : Wilfred Laurier University Press, 2003. Eason, Andrew M. “The Salvation Army in Late-Victorian Britain: The Convergence of Church and Sect.” Word & Deed: A Journal of Salvation Army Theology and Ministry 5, no. 2 (May 2003): 3–28. Eason, Andrew M., and Roger J. Green, eds. Boundless Salvation: The Shorter Writings of William Booth. New York: Peter Lang, 2012. Eason, Andrew M., and Roger J. Green, eds. Settled Views: The Shorter Writings of Catherine Booth. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2017. Green, Roger J. Catherine Booth: A Biography of the Cofounder of the Salvation Army. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 1996. Green, Roger J. “Catherine Booth and Female Ministry.” Methodist History 31, no. 3 (April 1993):131-147. Green, Roger J. The Life and Ministry of William Booth: Founder of the Salvation Army. Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 2005. Green, Roger J. “The Salvation Army and the Anglican Church, 1882-1883.” Fides et Historia 47, no. 2 (Summer/Fall 2015):19-32. Green., Roger J. War on Two Fronts: William Booth’s Theology of Redemption, Second Edition. Alexandria, VA: Crest Books, 2017. Horridge, Glenn K. The Salvation Army, Origins and Early Years: 1865-1900. Godalming, UK: Ammonite Books, 1993. Larsen, Timothy. A People of One Book: The Bible and the Victorians. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011. Maddox, Randy L. and Jason E. Vickers, eds. The Cambridge Companion to John Wesley. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

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Murdoch, Norman. Origins of The Salvation Army. Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press, 1994. Murdoch, Norman. “The Salvation Army and the , 1882-1883.” Historical Magazine of the Protestant Episcopal Church 55 (1986). Murdoch, Norman. “Wesleyan Influence on William and Catherine Booth.” Wesleyan Theological Journal 20, no. 2 (Fall 1985): 97–103. Needham, Phil. Community in Mission: A Salvationist Ecclesiology. London: International Headquarters of the Salvation Army, 1987. Power, Bruce. “Towards a Sociology of The Salvation Army.” Word & Deed: A Journal of Salvation Army Theology and Ministry 2, no. 1 (May 1999): 17–33. Rightmire, R. David. The Sacramental Journey of the Salvation Army: A Study of Holiness Foundations. Alexandria, VA: Crest Books, 2016. Robertson, Roland. “The Salvation Army: The Persistence of Sectarianism.” In Patterns of Sectarianism, 49–105. London: Heinemann, 1967. Robinson, Earl. “The Salvation Army—Ecclesia?” Word & Deed: A Journal of Salvation Army Theology and Ministry 2, no. 1 (November 1999): 5–15. Salvation Story: Salvationist Handbook of Doctrine. London: Salvation Army International Headquarters, 1998. Servants Together: Salvationist Perspectives on Ministry. Revised. London: The Salvation Army, 2008. Smith, Timothy L. Revivalism and Social Reform: American on the Eve of the Civil War. Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2004. Taylor, W. David O. Like a Mighty Army? The Salvation Army, the Church, and the Churches. Eugene, OR: Pickwick Publications, 2014. Tyson, John R. The Way of the Wesleys: A Short Introduction. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2014. Waldron, John D., ed. Creed and Deed: Toward a Christian Theology of Social Services in the Salvation Army. Toronto: The Salvation Army, 1986. Wesley, John. “The Scripture Way of Salvation.” In The Works of John Wesley, Vol. 2, edited by Albert C. Outler, 152-169. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1986. Witherington III, Ben. The Problem with Evangelical Theology: Testing the Exegetical Foundations of Calvinism, Dispensationalism, Wesleyanism, and Pentecostalism, Revised and Expanded Edition. Waco, TX: Baylor University Press, 2016.

ONLINE RESOURCES

The Tyndale library has an extensive collection of e-books, including some of those listed above. Also, Tyndale’s MTS Modular program has an excellent online Christian Theology Reading Room, which has extensive links to material available as full text eBooks, as well as partial-text books available on Google Books.

To search topically for relevant journal articles, book reviews or collected essays, use the comprehensive ATLA Religion Database, or the Proquest Religious Database, Religious and

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Theological Abstracts and JSTOR. Full-text versions of many theological journals and book reviews can be downloaded from these databases.

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Appendix A:

GUIDELINES FORWRITING PAPERS/SENIOR THESES FOR ROGER J. GREEN

INTRODUCTION

As stated in the syllabus, I grade on form as well as content. The way in which your argument in the paper is presented is critical, and can either enhance your paper or detract from your paper. Therefore, please give careful attention to the writing of your paper in terms of both the form of the paper and the content. Following are some guidelines that may be helpful to you as your write a paper/senior thesis for this course.

FORMAT OF THE PAPER

 Please use Times New Roman font and ten font size for the writing of the paper

 One inch margins on all sides of the paper

 Double space

 The paper should be in four parts: a cover page; the contents of the paper; endnotes; and bibliography; page numbers as they appear in this document

 The cover page should include the following: the title of the paper centered on the page; and your student’s identification number (for papers) or name (for senior theses), the number and name of the course, and the date on the lower right hand corner of the page; please remember to have a page number on each page

 The contents of the paper should be free of any footnotes, endnotes, or notes within the text; please use endnotes only

 Begin the endnotes page on a separate page from the contents of the paper, and at the top of the page and centered please write ENDNOTES

 After the endnotes page and on a separate page please begin your bibliography, and at the top of the page and centered please write BIBLIOGRAPHY

CONTENTS OF THE PAPER

 A clear introduction and conclusion to the paper, including in the introduction a clear thesis statement of one sentence beginning with “This paper will demonstrate that. . . .”

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 A clear and compelling central thesis to the paper that is easy for the reader to follow

 A heading for the main parts of the paper

 Careful use of endnotes for the material that you are quoting or using extensively to develop critical thoughts in your paper; you do not need to use endnotes at the end of every paragraph in the paper, but when in doubt about plagiarizing an endnote should be used

PLEASE BE CAREFUL OF THE FOLLOWING ERRORS IN WRITING THE PAPER

 Misspellings

 Incomplete sentences

 Run-on sentences

 Lack of parallel structure in your writing

 Paragraphs with only one sentence

 Digressing from your central thesis or your main topics

 Plagiarizing

FORMAT FOR WRITING ENDNOTES AND BIBLIOGRAPHIC ENTRIES—EXAMPLES GIVEN

I recognize that there are many style formats for writing papers in academic institutions, and that the choices can be confusing at times. I have chosen to use endnotes rather than footnotes or notes within the text so that the text can flow without interruption. It is not a problem for the reader to turn to the end of the paper or thesis to look at the endnotes. Also, while many styles of endnotes are helpful, uniformity is necessary in any paper or thesis. Therefore, I have established the following guidelines for writing endnotes for my courses, and I trust that these guidelines will be helpful. I ask that all writers in my courses adhere strictly to these guidelines.

 First reference of a single volume book:

Author’s name, Title of the book in italics (Place of publication: the Publisher, Date of Publication), p. [in lower case letter] for a single page reference; or pp. [in lower case letters] for multiple page references. [Note that the number of the endnote is indented, and the remainder of the note is justified to the left margin]. Example:

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1. Alister McGrath, Evangelicalism & the Future of Christianity (Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity Press, 1995), p. 9.

2. Elizabeth Jay, ed. [if the work it edited] The Journal of John Wesley: A Selection (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987), p. 10.

 First reference of a multi-volume book:

Author’s name, Title of the book in italics, Number of Vols. (Place of publication: the Publisher, Date of Publication) volume number: page [note that p. or pp. is not used]. Example:

1. Frederick de Latour Booth-Tucker, The Life of Catherine Booth, 2 Vols. (New York: The MacMillan Company, 1920) 1:69.

 First reference of an article in a journal or magazine:

Author’s name, “Title of the article in quotation marks,” Title of the Journal in italics, Vol. Number [if available] (year of publication), page number or numbers. Example:

1. Robert W. Yarbrough, “Evangelical Theology in ,” Evangelical Quarterly 65 (1993), p. 329.

 Subsequent references to books or articles:

If the reference follows directly and is the same page number, write Ibid. [Note that Ibid. is not in italics]. Example:

2. Ibid.

If the reference follows directly and is of a different page number, write Ibid., p. or pp. Example:

2. Ibid., p. 20.

If the reference does not follow directly, write the author’s last name only, the title of the book [in italics] or article [in quotations marks], and the page number. Examples:

3. McGrath, Evangelicalism & the Future of Christianity, p. 21.

4. Yarbrough, “Evangelical Theology in Germany,” p. 330.

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 Use endnotes to further elaborate upon an idea that was written in the article but that does not properly belong in the article. Note that the number of the endnote is indented and the remainder of the endnote is justified to the left margin, except in the case where an extended endnote is several paragraphs. In that case the first line of each paragraph is indented.

 For your bibliographies use this format:

Books:

Author’s last name, first name, Title of the book in italics (Place of Publication: Publisher, Date of Publication). Note that the second and following lines of the entry are indented. Example:

McGrath, Alister, Evangelicalism & the Future of Christianity (Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity Press, 1999).

Articles:

Author’s last name, first name, “Title of the Article [in quotation marks]” Title of the journal [in italics] Vol. Number (date of publication), total pages of the article. Note that the second and following lines of the entry are indented. Example:

Ocheltree, Carol, “Wesleyan Methodist Perceptions of William Booth,” Methodist History 28 (1990), pp. 262-283.

Finally, I am aware that many of you will be using the Internet to help you find articles and books for your research. However, please do not give Internet sources in your endnotes or bibliographies. Use entries from the original sources only. Also, in your research generally the most recent articles and books should be used. Good scholarship builds upon past scholarship, and helpful articles and books that are recent will include scholarship from the past. As always, reading and researching from primary sources is preferable.

Also, if you would like me to look at a first draft of your paper or thesis, please give that to me two weeks before the due date so that I will have sufficient time to read and comment on your work. And if I can be of any assistance before a final draft please see me.

Happy writing!

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