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The Tramway Revival in France

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The Tramway Revival in France THE TRAMWAY REVIVAL IN FRANCE Dunkerque Belfort Colmar Arras Niort Béziers Thionville Amiens Belfort Maubeuge d Colmar r Arras Charleville Mézières Cherbourg Octeville Béthune Niort Béziers Boulogne sur Mer Lorient Limoges Cherbourg Brive-la-Gaillarde Saint-Malo Nevers Thionville Amiens Mâcon Brest Le Mans Roubaix Chartres Poitiers Agen Rennes Nancy Tarbes NantesBriey Metz Brest Marseille Clermont Ferran Antibes Saint-Étienne Orléans Toulouse Montpellie Bordeaux Roanne ParisCaen Bourg en Bresse Avignon Pau Évreux Annemasse Fort de France Grasse Annecy g Nancy oyes LilleNice Orléans Grenoble s Nîmes Tr Montbéliard La Rochelle ours illeurbanne Besançon Cannes Laval T V oulon Lenss Le Havre T Valence Douai ourcoing Cognac Calais Quimper s Mulhouse T Anger Dijon lenciennes Strasbour Albi Bayonne Beauvais Orléans Hagondange Va Auxerre Angoulême Reim Dunkerque g Aix-en-Provence Roanne Tours Bourg-en-Bresse Compiègne Saint-Quentin Rouen Lyon La Roche-sur-Yon Châteauroux s Saint-Deni Épinal Montbéliard Caen Nîmes Chalon sur Saône Valence Douai Carcassonne Périgueux Alençon Quimper illeurbanne Bordeaux V Saint-NazaireFort-de-France Calais Strasbour Rouen Dax Anger Dax Biscarosse Pau Beauvais Auxerre Nice oulouse Angoulême Hendaye Biarritz T Vichy Marseille lenciennes Perpignan Dunkerque Compiègne Va Saint-Quentin Ministry for Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr Dunkerque Belfort Colmar Arras Niort Béziers Thionville Amiens Belfort Maubeuge d Colmar r Arras Charleville Mézières Cherbourg Octeville Béthune Niort Béziers Boulogne sur Mer Lorient Limoges Cherbourg Brive-la-Gaillarde Saint-Malo Nevers Thionville Amiens Mâcon Brest Le Mans Roubaix Chartres Poitiers Agen Rennes Nancy Tarbes NantesBriey Metz Brest Clermont Ferran Marseille Saint-Étienne Antibes Toulouse Orléans Montpellie Bordeaux Roanne ParisCaen Bourg en Bresse Avignon Pau Évreux Annemasse Fort de France Grasse Annecy g Nancy oyes LilleNice Orléans Grenoble s Nîmes Tr Montbéliard La Rochelle ours illeurbanne Besançon Cannes Laval T V oulon Lenss Le Havre T Valence Douai ourcoing Cognac Calais Quimper s Mulhouse T Anger Dijon lenciennes Strasbour Albi Bayonne Beauvais Orléans Hagondange Va Auxerre Angoulême Reim Dunkerque g Aix en Provence Roanne Tours Bourg en Bresse THE TRAMWAY REVIVAL IN FRANCE Compiègne Saint-Quentin Rouen Lyon La Roche sur Yon Châteauroux s Saint Deni Épinal Montbéliard Caen Nîmes Chalon sur Saône Valence Douai Carcassonne Périgueux Alençon Quimper illeurbanne Bordeaux V Saint-NazaireFort de France Calais Strasbour Rouen Dax Anger Dax Biscarosse Pau Beauvais Auxerre Nice oulouse Angoulême Hendaye Biarritz T Vichy Marseille lenciennes Perpignan Dunkerque Compiègne Va Saint-Quentin CONTENTS P 4 Tramways, a tool in a global mobility strategy P 10 Tramways as an urban planning tool P 14 French tramway companies P 28 Tramways of yesterday and today, a strong political commitment P 31 Further information Ghislaine, 25, user of line 2 of the Issy-les-Moulineaux tramway (Île-de-France) USER FEEDBACK The tramway makes my daily commute easier. The same journey by car takes an hour, but by tram it’s 25 minutes. There should be more trams Marie, 34, user of tramway line 2 during the rush hour." from Boulogne-Billancourt to La Défense (Île-de-France) The trams are clean, information is good when there are technical problems and it is pleasant to be above ground as you can see the landscape. Mobile phones should be banned as they cause noise pollution on this method of transport." Matthieu, 44, user of line A Jean-Pierre, 50, user of the T2 tram line from Issy-les- of the Orléans tramway (Centre region) Moulineaux to La Défense and the T3 tram line (Île-de-France) The tram reduces my daily The T2 is a good means of transport, like line 14 commute by 15 minutes and driving on the metro: it’s very convenient, clean and above would be a lot more expensive. ground. There should be a more frequent service in It’s above ground, people are not the morning rush hour and in the evening, as the stressed and I like this means of waiting times are too long. There are not enough transport." carriages." Ministry for Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy urrently, eighteen French urban areas have at least one tramway line and by 2014, nine more towns will have opened their first lines. In France, the organisation of public transport is based on a decentralised Cadministrative system established in the 1980s. For thirty years, land authorities have had great autonomy to develop their public transport networks in a context of very heavy car use. Today, the car is gradually making way for public transport systems and tramways have been experiencing a revival for several years now. Tramways have been making their mark over the years because they fit into the scheme of urban renewal, transport planning and environmental concerns. This is a political choice which is firmly rooted in the sustainable development ethos and enables planners to take a new approach to urban mobility and urbanisation projects. Trams have also become a tool for promoting a town, because building a tramway implies a desire to renew the image of the town where it is located. Many French companies are using their expertise on projects to create tramways and export skills worldwide, ranging from studies and construction to operating tramway systems. 3 Dunkerque Belfort Colmar Arras Niort Béziers Thionville Amiens Belfort Maubeuge d Colmar r Arras Charleville Mézières Cherbourg Octeville Béthune Niort Béziers Boulogne sur Mer Lorient Limoges Cherbourg Brive-la-Gaillarde Saint-Malo Nevers Thionville Amiens Mâcon Brest Le Mans Roubaix Chartres Poitiers Agen Rennes Nancy Tarbes NantesBriey Metz Brest Marseille Saint-Étienne Clermont Ferran Antibes Toulouse Orléans Montpellie Bordeaux Roanne ParisCaen Bourg en Bresse Avignon Pau Évreux Annemasse Fort de France Grasse Annecy g Nancy oyes LilleNice Orléans Grenoble s Nîmes Tr Montbéliard La Rochelle ours illeurbanne Besançon Cannes Laval T V oulon Lenss Le Havre T Valence Douai ourcoing Cognac Calais Quimper s Mulhouse T Anger Dijon lenciennes Strasbour Albi Bayonne Beauvais Orléans Hagondange Va Auxerre Angoulême Reim Dunkerque g Aix en Provence Roanne Tours Bourg en Bresse THE TRAMWAY REVIVAL IN FRANCE Compiègne Saint-Quentin Rouen Lyon La Roche sur Yon Châteauroux s Saint Deni Épinal Montbéliard Caen Nîmes Chalon sur Saône Valence Douai Carcassonne Périgueux Alençon Quimper illeurbanne Bordeaux V Saint-NazaireFort de France Calais Strasbour Rouen Dax Anger Dax Biscarosse Pau Beauvais Auxerre Nice oulouse Angoulême Hendaye Biarritz T Vichy Marseille lenciennes Perpignan Dunkerque Compiègne Va Saint-Quentin Tramways, a tool in a global mobility strategy Before a tramway is built, a comprehensive analysis of travel within the town is carried out to ensure familiarity with the transport needs of the population, so that appropriate solutions can be provided. Tramways are a transport tool which offer certain In 2010, nineteen French urban areas had at least proven advantages: one tram or underground line: w a capacity beyond 3,000 passengers per hour w Paris, Lille, Lyon, Marseille and Toulouse have an per direction of travel; underground network and tram lines; w an average commercial speed of 18-22 km/h; w Strasbourg, Bordeaux, Nantes, Montpellier, w a regular transport service; Grenoble, Saint-Étienne, Valenciennes, Rouen, w a high level of comfort; Orléans, Le Mans, Clermont-Ferrand, Mulhouse w optimal accessibility; and Nice have one or more tram lines; w lower cost than an underground system: an w Rennes has an underground network. average cost of 13-22 million euros per km for the transport component in France. The tramway network in Île-de-France has 32 km of lines (compared to 220 km of underground lines) and Compared to the private car, tramways are proving there are 375 km of lines in the provinces (compared to be a credible means of transport with their to 130 km of underground lines). Since tramways dedicated platforms and priority at intersections. made a comeback in Nantes in 1985, they have They can share the carriageway with other modes spread continuously throughout the regions as part of transport, including soft transport (cycling and of the draft mandate of urban transport management walking). authorities (AOTU) scheduled logically around local elections (1995, 2001, 2008, 2014). Map of urban areas with public transport systems with dedicated corridors Lille Valenciennes Maubeuge Rouen Strasbourg Caen Paris-Île-De-France Nancy Rennes Le Mans Lorient Orléans Mulhouse Underground: 49km in the provinces + 212km in Île-de-France Nantes Tramway: 361km in the provinces + 32km in Île-de-France Clermont-Ferrand Guided high service level bus (BHNS guidé): Lyon 39km in the provinces St Étienne Underground light railway system (VAL) Bordeaux Grenoble 81km in the provinces +7km in Île-de-France “Tram on tyres” routes: 14km in the provinces Nice Non-guided high service level bus (BHNS non-guidé): Montpellier 32 km in the provinces + 20km in Île-de-France Marseille Toulouse Source: Certu 2010 Ministry for Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy StraSbourg The tramway has found its place The Strasbourg urban area It was hoped that car traffic uptake of public transport, but This demonstrates that tram- worked particularly hard to would be seen to have de- no decline in car use. On arte- way lines alone cannot solve reorganise the plan for city creased in the results of a rial routes where public trans- all transport problems and centre traffic when it intro- survey carried out in 1997, port performed better, notably that their effect can only be duced its first tram line, in three years after the first tram in city centres where local fully felt if they form part of a order to carve out a major line came into operation. The authority initiatives involve wider travel policy. n role for it, as well as for pe- overall results for the wider ur- all methods of transport, car destrians and cyclists.
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