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THE TRAMWAY REVIVAL IN

Dunkerque

Niort Béziers

Thionville Belfort Maubeuge Colmar d Arras Charleville Mézières Cherbourg Octeville Béthune Béziers Boulogne sur Mer Cherbourg Brive-la-Gaillarde Saint-Malo Thionville Amiens Mâcon Brest Nancy NantesBriey Brest Clermont Ferran Saint-Étienne Orléans Montpellie r Roanne ParisCaen Bourg en Bresse

Pau Évreux Annemasse Fort de France g Nancy oyes LilleNice Orléans Nîmes Tr Montbéliard ours illeurbanne Besançon Laval T V oulon Lenss T Valence ourcoing Cognac Calais

Quimper s

Mulhouse T Anger s lenciennes

Strasbour Orléans Hagondange Va Angoulême Reim Dunkerque g

Aix-en- Roanne Bourg-en-Bresse Compiègne Saint-Quentin La Roche-sur-Yon Châteauroux Saint-Deni Épinal

Montbéliard Nîmes Chalon sur Saône

Valence Douai

Carcassonne Périgueux Alençon illeurbanne Bordeaux V Saint-NazaireFort-de-France

Calais Strasbour Rouen

Dax

Anger s Dax

Biscarosse Pau Beauvais Auxerre oulouse Angoulême Hendaye T

Vichy Marseille lenciennes Dunkerque Compiègne Va Saint-Quentin

Ministry for Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy

www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr Dunkerque Belfort Colmar Arras

Niort Béziers

Thionville Amiens Belfort Maubeuge Colmar d Arras Charleville Mézières Cherbourg Octeville Béthune Niort Béziers Boulogne sur Mer Lorient Limoges Cherbourg Brive-la-Gaillarde Saint-Malo Nevers Thionville Amiens Mâcon Brest Le Mans Roubaix Chartres Poitiers Agen Rennes Nancy Tarbes NantesBriey Metz Brest Clermont Ferran Marseille Saint-Étienne Antibes Toulouse Orléans Montpellie r Bordeaux Roanne ParisCaen Bourg en Bresse Avignon

Pau Évreux Annemasse Fort de France Grasse Annecy g Nancy oyes LilleNice Orléans Grenoble Nîmes Tr Montbéliard La Rochelle ours illeurbanne Besançon Cannes Laval T V oulon

Lenss Le Havre

T Valence Douai ourcoing Cognac Calais

Quimper s

Mulhouse T Anger s Dijon lenciennes

Strasbour Albi Bayonne Beauvais Orléans Hagondange Va Auxerre Angoulême Reim Dunkerque g

Aix en Provence Roanne Tours Bourg en Bresse THE TRAMWAY REVIVAL IN FRANCE Compiègne Saint-Quentin Rouen Lyon La Roche sur Yon Châteauroux Saint Deni Épinal

Montbéliard Caen Nîmes Chalon sur Saône

Valence Douai

Carcassonne Périgueux Alençon Quimper illeurbanne Bordeaux V Saint-NazaireFort de France

Calais Strasbour Rouen

Dax

Anger s Dax

Biscarosse Pau Beauvais Auxerre Nice oulouse Angoulême Hendaye Biarritz T

Vichy Marseille lenciennes Perpignan Dunkerque Compiègne Va Saint-Quentin CONTENTS

P 4 Tramways, a tool in a global mobility strategy

P 10 Tramways as an urban planning tool

P 14 French tramway companies

P 28 Tramways of yesterday and today, a strong political commitment

P 31 Further information

Ghislaine, 25, user of of the Issy-les-Moulineaux tramway (Île-de-France) USER FEEDBACK The tramway makes my daily commute easier. The same journey by takes an hour, but by it’s 25 minutes. There should be more Marie, 34, user of tramway line 2 during the rush hour." from Boulogne-Billancourt to La Défense (Île-de-France) The trams are clean, information is good when there are technical problems and it is pleasant to be above ground as you can see the landscape. Mobile phones should be banned as they cause noise pollution on this method of transport."

Matthieu, 44, user of line A Jean-Pierre, 50, user of the T2 tram line from Issy-les- of the Orléans tramway (Centre region) Moulineaux to La Défense and the T3 tram line (Île-de-France) The tram reduces my daily The T2 is a good means of transport, like line 14 commute by 15 minutes and driving on the metro: it’s very convenient, clean and above would be a more expensive. ground. There should be a more frequent service in It’s above ground, people are not the morning rush hour and in the evening, as the stressed and I like this means of waiting times are too long. There are not enough transport." carriages."

Ministry for Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy urrently, eighteen French urban areas have at least one tramway line and by 2014, nine more towns will have opened their first lines. In France, the organisation of is based on a decentralised administrativeC system established in the 1980s. For thirty years, land authorities have had great autonomy to develop their public transport networks in a context of very heavy car use. Today, the car is gradually making way for public transport systems and tramways have been experiencing a revival for several years now. Tramways have been making their mark over the years because they fit into the scheme of urban renewal, transport planning and environmental concerns. This is a political choice which is firmly rooted in the sustainable development ethos and enables planners to take a new approach to urban mobility and urbanisation projects. Trams have also become a tool for promoting a town, because building a tramway implies a desire to renew the image of the town where it is located. Many French companies are using their expertise on projects to create tramways and export skills worldwide, ranging from studies and construction to operating tramway systems.

3 Dunkerque Belfort Colmar Arras

Niort Béziers

Thionville Amiens Belfort Maubeuge Colmar d Arras Charleville Mézières Cherbourg Octeville Béthune Niort Béziers Boulogne sur Mer Lorient Limoges Cherbourg Brive-la-Gaillarde Saint-Malo Nevers Thionville Amiens Mâcon Brest Le Mans Roubaix Chartres Poitiers Agen Rennes Nancy Tarbes NantesBriey Metz Brest Marseille Saint-Étienne Clermont Ferran Antibes Toulouse Orléans Montpellie r Bordeaux Roanne ParisCaen Bourg en Bresse Avignon

Pau Évreux Annemasse Fort de France Grasse Annecy g Nancy oyes LilleNice Orléans Grenoble Nîmes Tr Montbéliard La Rochelle ours illeurbanne Besançon Cannes Laval T V oulon

Lenss Le Havre

T Valence Douai ourcoing Cognac Calais

Quimper s

Mulhouse T Anger s Dijon lenciennes

Strasbour Albi Bayonne Beauvais Orléans Hagondange Va Auxerre Angoulême Reim Dunkerque g

Aix en Provence Roanne Tours Bourg en Bresse THE TRAMWAY REVIVAL IN FRANCE Compiègne Saint-Quentin Rouen Lyon La Roche sur Yon Châteauroux Saint Deni Épinal

Montbéliard Caen Nîmes Chalon sur Saône

Valence Douai

Carcassonne Périgueux Alençon Quimper illeurbanne Bordeaux V Saint-NazaireFort de France

Calais Strasbour Rouen

Dax

Anger s Dax

Biscarosse Pau Beauvais Auxerre Nice oulouse Angoulême Hendaye Biarritz T

Vichy Marseille lenciennes Perpignan Dunkerque Compiègne Va Saint-Quentin Tramways, a tool in a global mobility strategy Before a tramway is built, a comprehensive analysis of travel within the town is carried out to ensure familiarity with the transport needs of the population, so that appropriate solutions can be provided.

Tramways are a transport tool which offer certain In 2010, nineteen French urban areas had at least proven advantages: one tram or underground line: w a capacity beyond 3,000 passengers per hour w , , Lyon, Marseille and Toulouse have an per direction of travel; underground network and tram lines; w an average commercial speed of 18-22 km/h; w , Bordeaux, , , w a regular transport service; Grenoble, Saint-Étienne, , Rouen, w a high level of comfort; Orléans, Le Mans, Clermont-Ferrand, Mulhouse w optimal accessibility; and Nice have one or more tram lines; w lower cost than an underground system: an w Rennes has an underground network. average cost of 13-22 million per km for the transport component in France. The tramway network in Île-de-France has 32 km of lines (compared to 220 km of underground lines) and Compared to the private car, tramways are proving there are 375 km of lines in the (compared to be a credible means of transport with their to 130 km of underground lines). Since tramways dedicated platforms and priority at intersections. made a comeback in Nantes in 1985, they have They can share the carriageway with other modes spread continuously throughout the regions as part of transport, including soft transport (cycling and of the draft mandate of urban transport management walking). authorities (AOTU) scheduled logically around local elections (1995, 2001, 2008, 2014). Map of urban areas with public transport systems with dedicated corridors

Lille

Valenciennes Maubeuge

Rouen Strasbourg Caen Paris-Île-De-France Nancy

Rennes Le Mans Lorient Orléans Mulhouse

Underground: 49km in the provinces + 212km in Île-de-France Nantes

Tramway: 361km in the provinces + 32km in Île-de-France Clermont-Ferrand Guided high service level (BHNS guidé): Lyon 39km in the provinces St Étienne Underground light railway system (VAL) Bordeaux Grenoble 81km in the provinces +7km in Île-de-France

“Tram on tyres” routes: 14km in the provinces

Nice Non-guided high service level bus (BHNS non-guidé): Montpellier 32 km in the provinces + 20km in Île-de-France Marseille Toulouse

Source: Certu 2010

Ministry for Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy Strasbourg The tramway has found its place

The Strasbourg It was hoped that car traffic uptake of public transport, but This demonstrates that tram- worked particularly hard to would be seen to have de- no decline in car use. On arte- way lines alone cannot solve reorganise the plan for city creased in the results of a rial routes where public trans- all transport problems and centre traffic when it intro- survey carried out in 1997, port performed better, notably that their effect can only be duced its first tram line, in three years after the first tram in city centres where local fully felt if they form part of a order to carve out a major line came into operation. The authority initiatives involve wider travel policy. n role for it, as well as for pe- overall results for the wider ur- all methods of transport, car destrians and cyclists. ban area did show increased use had declined appreciably.

5 Dunkerque Belfort Colmar Arras

Niort Béziers

Thionville Amiens Belfort Maubeuge Colmar d Arras Charleville Mézières Cherbourg Octeville Béthune Niort Béziers Boulogne sur Mer Lorient Limoges Cherbourg Brive-la-Gaillarde Saint-Malo Nevers Thionville Amiens Mâcon Brest Le Mans Roubaix Chartres Poitiers Agen Rennes Nancy Tarbes NantesBriey Metz Brest Marseille Saint-Étienne Clermont Ferran Antibes Toulouse Orléans Montpellie r Bordeaux Roanne ParisCaen Bourg en Bresse Avignon

Pau Évreux Annemasse Fort de France Grasse Annecy g Nancy oyes LilleNice Orléans Grenoble Nîmes Tr Montbéliard La Rochelle ours illeurbanne Besançon Cannes Laval T V oulon

Lenss Le Havre

T Valence Douai ourcoing Cognac Calais

Quimper s

Mulhouse T Anger s Dijon lenciennes

Strasbour Albi Bayonne Beauvais Orléans Hagondange Va Auxerre Angoulême Reim Dunkerque g

Aix en Provence Roanne Tours Bourg en Bresse THE TRAMWAY REVIVAL IN FRANCE Compiègne Saint-Quentin Rouen Lyon La Roche sur Yon Châteauroux Saint Deni Épinal

Montbéliard Caen Nîmes Chalon sur Saône

Valence Douai

Carcassonne Périgueux Alençon Quimper illeurbanne Bordeaux V Saint-NazaireFort de France

Calais Strasbour Rouen

Dax

Anger s Dax

Biscarosse Pau Beauvais Auxerre Nice oulouse Angoulême Hendaye Biarritz T

Vichy Marseille lenciennes Perpignan Dunkerque Compiègne Va Saint-Quentin

Public transport networks with a tramway as their be explained by the fact that bringing lines into ser- main structural element represent less than 30% vice is generally accompanied by the implementation of the per km offering, but comprise 55% of the of a global transport policy to create a better spread journeys made on the network. Tramways therefore across the different methods of transport used. This have a very significant share in French network use therefore encourages greater use of public transport (See graph below). and involves restrictions on traffic and parking, Overall, towns which have implemented a dense cycle routes, mobility management (development of network of public transport systems with dedicated company transport plans, promotion of new modes corridors* have seen a greater increase in passenger of transport such as car pooling and car sharing), an numbers than other towns. This phenomenon can urbanisation strategy, promotion of walking, etc.

*a public passenger transport system using an area set aside for its exclusive use, generally having priority at traffic lights and operating vehicles ranging from bus and underground trains to trams.

Growth of travel on French networks (excluding Île-de-France)

Total journeys on 20 networks using public transport systems with a dedicated corridor in 2008 1 600 000

Total other networks (more than 200)

1 060 000 840 000 720 000

1996 2000 2008 Source: Certu TCSP database

Number of kilometres brought into service annually 200

180 High service level bus

160 Tramway Underground and 140

120

100

80

60 Length of dedicated corridor 40

20

0

1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017

Source: Certu TCSP database

Ministry for Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy Nantes Successful intermodality

Increased uptake of public tramway’s performance, but is connected to three Regional for increasing cycle use very transport in Nantes is based also to its integration into an Express Train (TER) stations on high. Particular attention will largely on the introduction intermodal network. The pro- the perimeter of public trans- be devoted to intermodality of three tramway lines since vision of 5,800 park-and-ride port, one river shuttle service, between cycling and public 1985. With 51 km of lines, spaces means that intermoda- the Busways and seven transport, which currently the network lity between car use and pu- forthcoming Chronobus high represents 1% of commuter is the most highly developed in blic transport represents 6% of service level (due to en- traffic. n France. It is used by 275,000 commuter journeys within the ter service in 2012-2013). passengers daily. This suc- urban area, which is relatively The Urban Travel Plan 2010- cess can be attributed to the high. Moreover, the tramway 2015-2030 is setting its sights

7 Dunkerque Belfort Colmar Arras

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Thionville Amiens Belfort Maubeuge Colmar d Arras Charleville Mézières Cherbourg Octeville Béthune Niort Béziers Boulogne sur Mer Lorient Limoges Cherbourg Brive-la-Gaillarde Saint-Malo Nevers Thionville Amiens Mâcon Brest Le Mans Roubaix Chartres Poitiers Agen Rennes Nancy Tarbes NantesBriey Metz Brest Marseille Saint-Étienne Clermont Ferran Antibes Toulouse Orléans Montpellie r Bordeaux Roanne ParisCaen Bourg en Bresse Avignon

Pau Évreux Annemasse Fort de France Grasse Annecy g Nancy oyes LilleNice Orléans Grenoble Nîmes Tr Montbéliard La Rochelle ours illeurbanne Besançon Cannes Laval T V oulon

Lenss Le Havre

T Valence Douai ourcoing Cognac Calais

Quimper s

Mulhouse T Anger s Dijon lenciennes

Strasbour Albi Bayonne Beauvais Orléans Hagondange Va Auxerre Angoulême Reim Dunkerque g

Aix en Provence Roanne Tours Bourg en Bresse THE TRAMWAY REVIVAL IN FRANCE Compiègne Saint-Quentin Rouen Lyon La Roche sur Yon Châteauroux Saint Deni Épinal

Montbéliard Caen Nîmes Chalon sur Saône

Valence Douai

Carcassonne Périgueux Alençon Quimper illeurbanne Bordeaux V Saint-NazaireFort de France

Calais Strasbour Rouen

Dax

Anger s Dax

Biscarosse Pau Beauvais Auxerre Nice oulouse Angoulême Hendaye Biarritz T

Vichy Marseille lenciennes Perpignan Dunkerque Compiègne Va Saint-Quentin

Looking beyond figures for network use, tramways Thus, it was noted that towns which introduced an have certainly contributed to the modal shift from underground or tramway line have observed a more car use to public transport. However, the modal shift significant increase in public transport mobility than remains difficult to quantify because changes in indi- other towns. viduals’ circumstances are becoming more frequent (house moves, changes of job, changes in family Today, there are more tramways planned than ever circumstances) and because bringing a tram line into before: service is often accompanied by other measures • Toulouse opened its first tramway line in late 2010; (restrictions on capacity for , parking policy) • and in 2011; whose effects are difficult to separate out. • Brest and Le Havre in 2012; • Dijon, Tours and Lens in 2013; Household travel surveys* carried out approxima- • Besançon in 2014. tely every ten years in French urban areas make In addition to these projects, new lines or extensions it possible to trace the evolution of mobility in the are planned for networks in Saint-Étienne, Lyon, region and to assess the impact of some projects. Bordeaux, Montpellier and Nantes.

*Surveys carried out by transport management authorities as contracting authorities

Share for each type of public Share for each type of public transport with a dedicated corri- transport with a dedicated corri- dor in km (as a %) dor by journey (as a %)

34 4 62 Lille 62 6 32

26 4 70 Toulouse 70 2 28

13 7 1 79 Lyon 48 13 39

10 5 86 Marseille 45 8 47

13 87 Rennes 43 57

31 69 Strasbourg 64 36

30 70 Montpellier 75 25

10 18 72 Rouen 36 26 38

24 76 Grenoble 56 44 20 3 77 Nantes 59 5 36 17 83 St Étienne 51 49

19 81 Le Mans 50 50 16 84 Bordeaux 61 39 15 85 Caen 46 54

14 86 Mulhouse 51 49

14 86 Orléans 45 55

14 86 Clermont-Ferrand 48 52

12 88 Valenciennes 33 67 11 89 Nancy 39 61

6 94 Nice 39 61

Métro high service level bus Tramway Bus

Source: Certu TCSP database – reference year 2008

Ministry for Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy environment roundtable Promoting public transport systems with dedicated corridors

In 2007, the French state the state plans to allocate In 2009, as part of the first 590 million euros available to sup- launched the Environment 2.5 billion euros to developing call for projects, a budget of port 78 new projects backed by roundtable and invited repre- transport systems with dedica- 810 million euros was allocated 54 transport management au- sentatives from civil society ted corridors to achieve a target to 50 projects in 36 urban areas thorities: 45 high service level to take part in a widespread of 1,800 km of lines by 2020 to finance works starting prior to buses, 29 tramways, 2 un- consultation exercise to draw up (article 13 of the framework law the end of 2011. derground systems and 2 sea a French road map for ecology, of 3rd August 2009 relating to Within the framework of a se- links. Nearly 1,000 km of lines sustainable development and the implementation of the Envi- cond call for projects launched will already have been built or planning. Within this framework ronment roundtable). in May 2010, the state made launched by late 2013. n

9 Dunkerque Belfort Colmar Arras

Niort Béziers

Thionville Amiens Belfort Maubeuge Colmar d Arras Charleville Mézières Cherbourg Octeville Béthune Niort Béziers Boulogne sur Mer Lorient Limoges Cherbourg Brive-la-Gaillarde Saint-Malo Nevers Thionville Amiens Mâcon Brest Le Mans Roubaix Chartres Poitiers Agen Rennes Nancy Tarbes NantesBriey Metz Brest Marseille Saint-Étienne Clermont Ferran Antibes Toulouse Orléans Montpellie r Bordeaux Roanne ParisCaen Bourg en Bresse Avignon

Pau Évreux Annemasse Fort de France Grasse Annecy g Nancy oyes LilleNice Orléans Grenoble Nîmes Tr Montbéliard La Rochelle ours illeurbanne Besançon Cannes Laval T V oulon

Lenss Le Havre

T Valence Douai ourcoing Cognac Calais

Quimper s

Mulhouse T Anger s Dijon lenciennes

Strasbour Albi Bayonne Beauvais Orléans Hagondange Va Auxerre Angoulême Reim Dunkerque g

Aix en Provence Roanne Tours Bourg en Bresse THE TRAMWAY REVIVAL IN FRANCE Compiègne Saint-Quentin Rouen Lyon La Roche sur Yon Châteauroux Saint Deni Épinal

Montbéliard Caen Nîmes Chalon sur Saône

Valence Douai

Carcassonne Périgueux Alençon Quimper illeurbanne Bordeaux V Saint-NazaireFort de France

Calais Strasbour Rouen

Dax

Anger s Dax

Biscarosse Pau Beauvais Auxerre Nice oulouse Angoulême Hendaye Biarritz T

Vichy Marseille lenciennes Perpignan Dunkerque Compiègne Va Saint-Quentin Tramways, as an urban planning tool Tramways interact with the town in many different ways: they are open to the town and visible from the street. Architects and landscape architects use this visibility as an op- portunity to refurbish streets front by front around the tramways and to restore a level of comfort and quality of life to city centres which vanished with the omnipresence of the car. Tramways therefore give an immediate impression of environmental enhancement: silence, reduction in air pollution, tree planting, planting on platforms, transformation of the urban landscape.

Tramways reshape the urban landscape Tramways support urban development Having scrapped tramways in the 1950s, the first Building a tramway in a town has an impact on French towns to reintroduce trams in the mid- businesses both during and after its introduction. 1980s, Nantes and then Grenoble, accompanied It also brings about changes in the structure of the their introduction with major urban renovation sche- town as tram lines generate urban transformation, mes to help the local population to accept their especially in terms of districts appeal. reappearance on the streets. Tramways help to rebuild a quality town by resto- The impact of tramways on businesses ring an urban landscape often disfigured by cars: Business owners are initially concerned about the removal of urban barriers, redistribution of traffic, loss of trade from customers who travel by car, but greater awareness of cyclists and pedestrians, subsequently realise that a more peaceful environ- architectural approach to designing stations, etc. ment can be profitable for them. Feedback in Some renewal projects are spectacular. France demonstrates that after the building phase In Grenoble, for example, of the tramway which can be very damaging, and following a period wipes away the former urban motorway of the old of adaptation and adjustment, businesses overall boulevards, with its huge flyovers which used to find that trade returns to previous levels or turnover carry 70,000 vehicles per day; it was a real urban even improves (see personal accounts on page 11). barrier which made travel from north to south of However, it is difficult to isolate the tramway effect Grenoble impossible for non-car users. from the local, national, or sometimes even interna- tional, context. The tramway tends rather to accentuate pre-existing Thoughts of an architect trends: ------w tramway projects are accompanied by a redefinition “Not since Baron Haussman opened up of public space, leading to a change of image. This central Paris, have we had such an effective provides an opportunity for owners to reassess their tool as tramways for redesigning urban spaces businesses. The most frequently observed trend is which had been entirely devoted to a the growth of the service sector, banks, restaurants car-based approach since the 1960s. and other service sector activities. The central By readjusting the balance of a shared district generally attracts leisure shopping, leaving carriageway we are raising all the right more practical purchases to outlying areas; questions. w changes to traffic flow, and therefore to customer What kind of city do we want for an parking and deliveries, may have a negative impact increasingly urban population? on businesses which are already vulnerable. The carriageway becomes an urban project in Some businesses which relied mainly on passing the 19th century architectural sense of the trade, often on the fringes of the town centre, and term, whereas before it was only a technical which have not adapted their operations to the project to process as many cars as possible”. new trading environment, may experience serious problems;

Ministry for Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy Bordeaux Tramways stimulate business

What was the impact of the vice, cycling, bus and train). We speed, the three years of buil- a makeover to bring it up to tramway on your business? have noticed customers coming ding works were very hard for the modern standards set by Denis Mollat, Managing Direc- in from outside the city as they business. My shop is located the new tramway. With the tor of the Mollat bookshop in can now get into the city centre in the city centre and turno- park-and-ride services on the Bordeaux more easily and a growth in ver dropped by 40% and, if I outskirts of Bordeaux, there are The tramway runs right in front student customer numbers as had not had a second shop, even attempts being made to of my bookshop on the rue Vi- there is a direct shuttle service I would definitely have had to encourage customers to leave tal-Carles. Although there was to the universities: the Talence close down. But those difficult their cars outside the city and no noticeable decline in trade campus is a 20 minute tram times were soon forgotten as to use public transport to during the building works, journey from the town centre. we have now matched our travel to the city centre. The since the tramway came into Bordeaux has become an open highest turnover again, our tramway and Bordeaux’s listing service we have seen turnover and welcoming city. customers are more high-end as a UNESCO World Heritage rise by 12%. This is due to the and thanks to the policy of Site mean that it is genuinely improved service provided by Jean-Daniel Caillet, founder and assistance for traders imple- attractive for a significant the tramway and also to the in- manager of the Mer & Espace mented by the Bordeaux urban number of tourist customers troduction of intermodality to brand community, I have been able to all year round. n Bordeaux (electric shuttle ser- Although I commend their give my place Gambetta store

11 Dunkerque Belfort Colmar Arras

Niort Béziers

Thionville Amiens Belfort Maubeuge Colmar d Arras Charleville Mézières Cherbourg Octeville Béthune Niort Béziers Boulogne sur Mer Lorient Limoges Cherbourg Brive-la-Gaillarde Saint-Malo Nevers Thionville Amiens Mâcon Brest Le Mans Roubaix Chartres Poitiers Agen Rennes Nancy Tarbes NantesBriey Metz Brest Marseille Saint-Étienne Clermont Ferran Antibes Toulouse Orléans Montpellie r Bordeaux Roanne ParisCaen Bourg en Bresse Avignon

Pau Évreux Annemasse Fort de France Grasse Annecy g Nancy oyes LilleNice Orléans Grenoble Nîmes Tr Montbéliard La Rochelle ours illeurbanne Besançon Cannes Laval T V oulon

Lenss Le Havre

T Valence Douai ourcoing Cognac Calais

Quimper s

Mulhouse T Anger s Dijon lenciennes

Strasbour Albi Bayonne Beauvais Orléans Hagondange Va Auxerre Angoulême Reim Dunkerque g

Aix en Provence Roanne Tours Bourg en Bresse THE TRAMWAY REVIVAL IN FRANCE Compiègne Saint-Quentin Rouen Lyon La Roche sur Yon Châteauroux Saint Deni Épinal

Montbéliard Caen Nîmes Chalon sur Saône

Valence Douai

Carcassonne Périgueux Alençon Quimper illeurbanne Bordeaux V Saint-NazaireFort de France

Calais Strasbour Rouen

Dax

Anger s Dax

Biscarosse Pau Beauvais Auxerre Nice oulouse Angoulême Hendaye Biarritz T

Vichy Marseille lenciennes Perpignan Dunkerque Compiègne Va Saint-Quentin

w by contrast, when the tramway is located in a effects on property development by speeding up pedestrian area, town-centre businesses benefit new building along avenue Franklin Roosevelt. from the flood of pedestrians generated by the According to property professionals, therefore, the tramway. arrival of trams in has helped to bring forward by ten years plans to develop a proper town centre In terms of shopper traffic for businesses, the Grenoble for the municipality. regional urban planning agency has observed that the tramway helps to redistribute custom either as Tramways bring districts closer together a result of increased mobility or because it has pro- Tramway projects in France have often provided foundly changed access to the city. opportunities for urban renewal around the tram lines. Priority districts in town planning policy have An accelerator for urban projects not been overlooked and have benefited from state Extending a tramway line to areas outside the town funding to redesign public spaces and improve centre raises strong urbanisation challenges the living environment. for the zone being connected. However, a tramway In 2009, 30% of funding provided by the French project alone is not a vector for urbanisation; state to municipalities for tramway projects was it accelerates urban development projects where allocated to service and redesign of space in the these have already been incorporated into urban districts through which they pass, based on the development plans. model of La Paillade in Montpellier, La Source This is the case with line 2 of the in Orléans, or Hautepierre in Strasbourg. serving Bron. The municipality of Bron, part of the inner ring of the Lyon urban area, had been Efforts to carry out an in-depth redesign of public developing for many years an urban policy, which space surrounding tramway projects also allow one of the major strands was the creation of a links to be built between districts and the impact proper town centre for the municipality. Routing of urban barriers to be reduced or eliminated. the tramway through the centre of the municipality This tends to bring closer together districts identi- has been a driving force behind the redevelopment fied for priority treatment in a town-centre develop- of the centre of Bron, whilst contributing to sha- ment policy. ping it. At the same time, the line has had positive

Ministry for Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy Montpellier Lines which structure the town

In Montpellier over the last ten populated suburban areas the route to the sea, dubbed designated for this area of years, the tramway has provi- and the third line provides a “From Montpellier to the Sea”, Montpellier. ded a framework for urban de- foundation for urban planning, the city has chosen to build In Montpellier, the tramway velopment projects. The first employment and housing ini- a direct tram line (7-8 km) to is a political choice and a key line defines the central artery tiatives. For example, univer- allow the reorganization of element in the re-structuring for the expansion of the city sity buildings have been sited business, the creation of a of the city. n towards the sea. The second around tram lines. development cluster for hou- line provides a basis for the Within the framework of sing and employment, and the development of more sparsely the renovation project for structuration of the ecozone

13 Dunkerque Belfort Colmar Arras

Niort Béziers

Thionville Amiens Belfort Maubeuge Colmar d Arras Charleville Mézières Cherbourg Octeville Béthune Niort Béziers Boulogne sur Mer Lorient Limoges Cherbourg Brive-la-Gaillarde Saint-Malo Nevers Thionville Amiens Mâcon Brest Le Mans Roubaix Chartres Poitiers Agen Rennes Nancy Tarbes NantesBriey Metz Brest Marseille Saint-Étienne Clermont Ferran Antibes Toulouse Orléans Montpellie r Bordeaux Roanne ParisCaen Bourg en Bresse Avignon

Pau Évreux Annemasse Fort de France Grasse Annecy g Nancy oyes LilleNice Orléans Grenoble Nîmes Tr Montbéliard La Rochelle ours illeurbanne Besançon Cannes Laval T V oulon

Lenss Le Havre

T Valence Douai ourcoing Cognac Calais

Quimper s

Mulhouse T Anger s Dijon lenciennes

Strasbour Albi Bayonne Beauvais Orléans Hagondange Va Auxerre Angoulême Reim Dunkerque g

Aix en Provence Roanne Tours Bourg en Bresse THE TRAMWAY REVIVAL IN FRANCE Compiègne Saint-Quentin Rouen Lyon La Roche sur Yon Châteauroux Saint Deni Épinal

Montbéliard Caen Nîmes Chalon sur Saône

Valence Douai

Carcassonne Périgueux Alençon Quimper illeurbanne Bordeaux V Saint-NazaireFort de France

Calais Strasbour Rouen

Dax

Anger s Dax

Biscarosse Pau Beauvais Auxerre Nice oulouse Angoulême Hendaye Biarritz T

Vichy Marseille lenciennes Perpignan Dunkerque Compiègne Va Saint-Quentin French tramway companies

French tramway expertise is recognized worldwide. Many French companies are associated with tramway construction schemes, are involved at every level (studies, construction and operation of systems) and also export their know-how abroad.

operators Four French groups have been operating tramway networks in France for 30 years and worldwide for 20 years.

Kéolis RATP Via its Transétude subsidiary, Kéolis has been advising The RATP group is the world’s sixth largest player transport authorities considering undertaking public in the public transport sector. Through its subsidiary, transport projects with dedicated corridors. Kéolis RATP Développement (RATP DEV), it operates and also operates underground systems and automatic maintains urban and inter-urban transport networks. underground systems in France. SNCF is the majority RATP DEV combines the expertise of a world stakeholder. leader with the dynamism, flexibility and corporate www..com culture of its ground subsidiaries. The Systra and Xélis subsidiaries carry out enginee- Kéolis implemented projects ring projects. In France: Bordeaux, Caen (TVR), Le Mans, Lille, www.ratp.fr Lyon Internationally: , Australia (29 lines in RATP implemented projects Melbourne), , , Denmark, the United In France: Île-de-France (four lines), Mulhouse (two States, Norway (), the , Portugal lines in collaboration with ) (), the , Sweden Internationally: ( and ), Hong Kong (a line in partnership with Véolia Transport)

KEY FIGURES ------KEY FIGURES 3.4 billion euros turnover in 2009 ------160 subsidiaries in France 4.432 billion euros turnover in 2009 45,500 staff of whom 29,500 work in 48,191 staff worldwide France and 16,000 internationally 44 subsidiaries 2 billion passengers transported in 2009 Sites in 12 countries Sites in 11 countries

Ministry for Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy BRAZIL Brazil is going to adopt tramway

Many calls for tender, aiming underlines the will of Brazi- projects. The French-Brazilian to build tramway systems, are lian cities to be equipped with cooperation has accompanied scheduled in 2012, especially modern and ecological trans- this evolution for many years, in Santos (São Paulo state), port systems, which consti- especially by financing feasa- Cuiaba (Mato Grosso state) tute an attractive alternative bility studies (FASEP) in Rio and Goiânia (Goiás state). The to individual motorised trans- de Janeiro, Santos and Jundiai, adoption of this new trans- port. It is also about benefit- realized by French enginee- port mode at the scale of a ting from the modern image ring companies specialized in country-continent like Brazil of tramway in urban renewal tramway. n

15 Dunkerque Belfort Colmar Arras

Niort Béziers

Thionville Amiens Belfort Maubeuge Colmar d Arras Charleville Mézières Cherbourg Octeville Béthune Niort Béziers Boulogne sur Mer Lorient Limoges Cherbourg Brive-la-Gaillarde Saint-Malo Nevers Thionville Amiens Mâcon Brest Le Mans Roubaix Chartres Poitiers Agen Rennes Nancy Tarbes NantesBriey Metz Brest Marseille Saint-Étienne Clermont Ferran Antibes Toulouse Orléans Montpellie r Bordeaux Roanne ParisCaen Bourg en Bresse Avignon

Pau Évreux Annemasse Fort de France Grasse Annecy g Nancy oyes LilleNice Orléans Grenoble Nîmes Tr Montbéliard La Rochelle ours illeurbanne Besançon Cannes Laval T V oulon

Lenss Le Havre

T Valence Douai ourcoing Cognac Calais

Quimper s

Mulhouse T Anger s Dijon lenciennes

Strasbour Albi Bayonne Beauvais Orléans Hagondange Va Auxerre Angoulême Reim Dunkerque g

Aix en Provence Roanne Tours Bourg en Bresse THE TRAMWAY REVIVAL IN FRANCE Compiègne Saint-Quentin Rouen Lyon La Roche sur Yon Châteauroux Saint Deni Épinal

Montbéliard Caen Nîmes Chalon sur Saône

Valence Douai

Carcassonne Périgueux Alençon Quimper illeurbanne Bordeaux V Saint-NazaireFort de France

Calais Strasbour Rouen

Dax

Anger s Dax

Biscarosse Pau Beauvais Auxerre Nice oulouse Angoulême Hendaye Biarritz T

Vichy Marseille lenciennes Perpignan Dunkerque Compiègne Va Saint-Quentin

Transdev Véolia Transport The Transdev group became involved very early in Véolia Transport is the number one private European project management support for public transport public passenger transport operator and number two tramway systems with dedicated corridors. It is a worldwide. It operates 13 tramway networks in nine subsidiary of the Caisse des dépôts et consignations countries across four continents. In December 2010, (CDC). Transdev and Véolia Transport merged to become the Transdev’s expertise covers engineering project ser- world number one private passenger transport group. vices, transport system management (infrastructure, www.veolia-transport.com rolling stock, systems, workshops, depots, etc.), urban integration and commercial management. Véolia transport implemented projects Client consultancy is provided by its Transamo subsi- In France: Lyon (Rhônexpress rapid tramway line diary. connecting Lyon Saint-Exupéry international airport www.transdev.fr and Lyon Part-Dieu high-speed TGV ), Nancy, Nice, Rouen, Saint-Étienne, Valenciennes Transdev implemented projects Internationally: Australia (Sydney), Germany (, In France: Nantes, Grenoble, Strasbourg, Montpellier, Görlitz), (), Hong Kong, Mulhouse, Orléans, Reims (), Sweden (, Norrköping), Norway Internationally: United Kingdom (Nottingham), the (Trondheim) Netherlands (Utrecht), Spain (Tenerife and suburbs), Morocco (Rabat-Salé)

KEY FIGURES KEY FIGURES ------3.6 billion euros turnover in 2009 5.86 billion euros turnover in 2009 Over 60 % of turnover generated outside Sites in 28 countries France 77,591 staff 47,000 staff 2.32 billion journeys made in 2009 No. 1 for transport on demand in Working for 5,000 public authorities 4th largest European private public worldwide transport operator 11 tramway systems in operation 2 under construction

Ministry for Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy NEW ORLEANS Véolia Transport wins the tramway contract

The reconstruction of the tablishing the network, the city French company also worked filmed and where the network was a major challenge authorities signed an initial de- to develop the network and its streetcar is emblematic. This for New Orleans after Hurricane legated management contract experts were able to provide was a challenge, which Marc Katrina and it was also a means with Véolia Transport in Octo- assistance, where requested, Joseph, the Vice President of rebuilding links in a city ber 2008, which was extended in obtaining subsidies, notably and Director General of Véolia flooded by 80 %. for a further ten years in 2009. government funding. Transport USA, did not under- After Hurricane Katrina, only 74 This was a first for an Ameri- It was a major achievement to estimate: “When you revive a out of 379 buses and 7 out of can urban area, especially as be in charge of restoring the transport system, you bring the the 66 streetcars remained. To Véolia’s role went beyond sim- tramway in the city where A city back to life”. n speed up the process of re-es- ply operating the system. The Streetcar Named Desire was

17 Dunkerque Belfort Colmar Arras

Niort Béziers

Thionville Amiens Belfort Maubeuge Colmar d Arras Charleville Mézières Cherbourg Octeville Béthune Niort Béziers Boulogne sur Mer Lorient Limoges Cherbourg Brive-la-Gaillarde Saint-Malo Nevers Thionville Amiens Mâcon Brest Le Mans Roubaix Chartres Poitiers Agen Rennes Nancy Tarbes NantesBriey Metz Brest Marseille Saint-Étienne Clermont Ferran Antibes Toulouse Orléans Montpellie r Bordeaux Roanne ParisCaen Bourg en Bresse Avignon

Pau Évreux Annemasse Fort de France Grasse Annecy g Nancy oyes LilleNice Orléans Grenoble Nîmes Tr Montbéliard La Rochelle ours illeurbanne Besançon Cannes Laval T V oulon

Lenss Le Havre

T Valence Douai ourcoing Cognac Calais

Quimper s

Mulhouse T Anger s Dijon lenciennes

Strasbour Albi Bayonne Beauvais Orléans Hagondange Va Auxerre Angoulême Reim Dunkerque g

Aix en Provence Roanne Tours Bourg en Bresse THE TRAMWAY REVIVAL IN FRANCE Compiègne Saint-Quentin Rouen Lyon La Roche sur Yon Châteauroux Saint Deni Épinal

Montbéliard Caen Nîmes Chalon sur Saône

Valence Douai

Carcassonne Périgueux Alençon Quimper illeurbanne Bordeaux V Saint-NazaireFort de France

Calais Strasbour Rouen

Dax

Anger s Dax

Biscarosse Pau Beauvais Auxerre Nice oulouse Angoulême Hendaye Biarritz T

Vichy Marseille lenciennes Perpignan Dunkerque Compiègne Va Saint-Quentin

Engineering companies These companies are involved in designing tramway projects: studies, project management, project management support to project owners, construction supervision.

Artelia (formerly Coteba) Ingerop Artelia is the result of a merger between Coteba Ingerop carries out studies and provides support and Sogreah offering a global and multidisciplinary and consultancy to project owners at every phase engineering and project management vision in the of development of a public transport system with construction, infrastructure and environment sectors. dedicated corridors, from feasibility analysis to the Artelia uses its expertise in the field of public trans- operational launch. port systems with dedicated corridors to design www.ingerop.com and coordinate different disciplines relating to track infrastructure, rolling stock, electric power supply, si- Ingerop implemented projects gnalling, safety equipment and operating equipment. Tramways currently operating in France www.arteliagroup.com (Bordeaux, Clermont-Ferrand, Grenoble, Marseille, Nice, Valenciennes), in Spain (Barcelona) Artelia implemented projects Ingerop is involved in tramway projects in Algeria In France: Nancy, Caen, Bordeaux, (, Constantine), Spain (Saragossa), France Clermont-Ferrand, Le Mans, Nice (Angers, Le Havre, Saint-Denis - Sarcelles, Nice, Grenoble, Clermont-Ferrand, Valenciennes, Strasbourg, Toulouse) Ingerop is carrying out feasibility studies in Brazil (Guarulhos, Jundiai, Santos), Spain (Andalusia), Italy KEY FIGURES (Bergamo, Genoa), Mexico (Morelia) ------300 million euros turnover in 2009 2,500 staff, of whom 20% work abroad 1/3 of business is generated internationally 20 European subsidiaries and more than KEY FIGURES 20 permanent sites worldwide ------157.6 million euros turnover in 2009 1,500 staff worldwide Over 250 engineers and specialist technicians

Ministry for Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy BARCELONA Ingerop carries out twelve projects in Spain

Ingerop is working on twelve study for Tramvia Métropolita, project owner for systems and and worked on tramways in projects in Spain with its also in Barcelona. It is working equipment for this tramway. Cordoba, Jaén, , Malaga, Spanish subsidiary Ingerop T3. in Grenada on a planned four Ingerop provided technical Saragossa and Palma de It is responsible for connecting kilometre section of the assistance for systems and Majorca. n two Barcelona tramway lines tramway line l and providing equipment for the Madrid, and for a preliminary design technical support to the Parla and Pozzuelo tramways

19 Dunkerque Belfort Colmar Arras

Niort Béziers

Thionville Amiens Belfort Maubeuge Colmar d Arras Charleville Mézières Cherbourg Octeville Béthune Niort Béziers Boulogne sur Mer Lorient Limoges Cherbourg Brive-la-Gaillarde Saint-Malo Nevers Thionville Amiens Mâcon Brest Le Mans Roubaix Chartres Poitiers Agen Rennes Nancy Tarbes NantesBriey Metz Brest Marseille Saint-Étienne Clermont Ferran Antibes Toulouse Orléans Montpellie r Bordeaux Roanne ParisCaen Bourg en Bresse Avignon

Pau Évreux Annemasse Fort de France Grasse Annecy g Nancy oyes LilleNice Orléans Grenoble Nîmes Tr Montbéliard La Rochelle ours illeurbanne Besançon Cannes Laval T V oulon

Lenss Le Havre

T Valence Douai ourcoing Cognac Calais

Quimper s

Mulhouse T Anger s Dijon lenciennes

Strasbour Albi Bayonne Beauvais Orléans Hagondange Va Auxerre Angoulême Reim Dunkerque g

Aix en Provence Roanne Tours Bourg en Bresse THE TRAMWAY REVIVAL IN FRANCE Compiègne Saint-Quentin Rouen Lyon La Roche sur Yon Châteauroux Saint Deni Épinal

Montbéliard Caen Nîmes Chalon sur Saône

Valence Douai

Carcassonne Périgueux Alençon Quimper illeurbanne Bordeaux V Saint-NazaireFort de France

Calais Strasbour Rouen

Dax

Anger s Dax

Biscarosse Pau Beauvais Auxerre Nice oulouse Angoulême Hendaye Biarritz T

Vichy Marseille lenciennes Perpignan Dunkerque Compiègne Va Saint-Quentin

Egis Systra Egis is a subsidiary of the Caisse des dépôts et consi- Systra has been actively involved for nearly 30 years gnations and a European leader in engineering for in the construction of many tram lines, ranging from urban and rail transport. It works in close partnership preliminary studies to assistance with putting the with transport authorities, towns and regions in system into operation. France and abroad. As a designer, Egis responds to Today, Systra provides project management or pro- issues concerning transport and planning policy, im- ject management support to project owners on some plementation of technical solutions and organizations twenty tramway projects worldwide. of contractual and financial packages. As an imple- The two main Systra shareholders are SNCF (36 %) menter, Egis can coordinate major operations and see and RATP (36 %). Systra was ranked the leading in- them through to completion in accordance with the ternational urban and rail transport engineering com- commitments made. pany by the respected American journal Engineering www.egis.fr News Record. www.systra.com Egis implemented projects In France: Besançon, Brest, Bordeaux, Dijon, Systra implemented projects Grenoble, Lyon (Rhônexpress rapid tramway In France: between the city centre and Saint-Exupéry inter- • Project management or project management support national airport), Montpellier, Nice (line 2), Orléans, to project owners: Nantes, Orléans, Bordeaux, Lyon, Paris (extension of the Maréchaux tramway), Mulhouse, Marseille, Nice, Saint-Étienne, Reims, Brest, Strasbourg, Toulouse Île-de-France, Tours, Le Havre, Besançon, Lens Internationally : Algeria (five towns), Jordan (Am- Internationally: man), (Kraków), Ireland (Dublin), Portugal • feasibility studies in Canada (Montreal), Baltic (Porto), Spain (Tenerife), Morocco (Rabat-Salé) states (, , Tallin) • creation of new lines in Algeria (Algiers) and in Morocco (Rabat-Salé, Casablanca) • projects to renovate former lines in Romania (Bucharest, Iasi) KEY FIGURES ------72.9 million euros turnover in 2009 7,300 staff worldwide 400 engineering professionals KEY FIGURES 20% of business generated abroad ------252.6 million euros turnover in 2009 2,510 staff worldwide Projects in 350 towns and 150 countries 80% of business activity generated internationally

Ministry for Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy ALGIERS Systra is implementing the eastern line

The eastern line of the Algiers the main structural arteries of Since 2006, Systra has been and equipment contracts, tramway, which is 23 km long the Algiers transport network. the agent for the project mana- checking compliance with with 38 stations, should come An initial 13 km section between gement group, with responsi- construction plans and moni- into service in late 2011 and, Bordj El Kiffan (town) and the Les bility for approving detailed toring works and equipment. n along with line l of the under- Bananiers district (Mohammadia) pre-project plans, assisting ground, will constitute one of will come into service in 2011. with the preparation of works

21 Dunkerque Belfort Colmar Arras

Niort Béziers

Thionville Amiens Belfort Maubeuge Colmar d Arras Charleville Mézières Cherbourg Octeville Béthune Niort Béziers Boulogne sur Mer Lorient Limoges Cherbourg Brive-la-Gaillarde Saint-Malo Nevers Thionville Amiens Mâcon Brest Le Mans Roubaix Chartres Poitiers Agen Rennes Nancy Tarbes NantesBriey Metz Brest Marseille Saint-Étienne Clermont Ferran Antibes Toulouse Orléans Montpellie r Bordeaux Roanne ParisCaen Bourg en Bresse Avignon

Pau Évreux Annemasse Fort de France Grasse Annecy g Nancy oyes LilleNice Orléans Grenoble Nîmes Tr Montbéliard La Rochelle ours illeurbanne Besançon Cannes Laval T V oulon

Lenss Le Havre

T Valence Douai ourcoing Cognac Calais

Quimper s

Mulhouse T Anger s Dijon lenciennes

Strasbour Albi Bayonne Beauvais Orléans Hagondange Va Auxerre Angoulême Reim Dunkerque g

Aix en Provence Roanne Tours Bourg en Bresse THE TRAMWAY REVIVAL IN FRANCE Compiègne Saint-Quentin Rouen Lyon La Roche sur Yon Châteauroux Saint Deni Épinal

Montbéliard Caen Nîmes Chalon sur Saône

Valence Douai

Carcassonne Périgueux Alençon Quimper illeurbanne Bordeaux V Saint-NazaireFort de France

Calais Strasbour Rouen

Dax

Anger s Dax

Biscarosse Pau Beauvais Auxerre Nice oulouse Angoulême Hendaye Biarritz T

Vichy Marseille lenciennes Perpignan Dunkerque Compiègne Va Saint-Quentin

Rolling stock manufacturers thanks to rolling stock designers and manufacturers, tramways now look modern. Until recently, most of the trams running on French networks were manufactured by . However, trams designed by Bombardier, Siemens and Tranhslor have been selected by some transport management authorities. Tramway rolling stock on the French networks is generally owned by the transport management authority and selected on the basis of a call for tenders. Nevertheless, where it is operated under private contract, the concession company owns the equipment.

Alstom transport Lohr Alstom transport provides total transport system Lohr is a privately-owned French group based in management and turnkey solutions: rolling stock, which has been a world-class specialist in signalling, infrastructure and services. the design and implementation of transport systems Alstom transport has supplied the trams for many for goods and passengers for over 45 years. Lohr networks in France and abroad and offers the Citadis notably provides the tramway which runs option with its flexible capacity trams. Alstom has on tires with a central rail guide. also installed track, signalling and electrical supply www.lohr.fr systems including the APS system (supplying power at ground-level) allowing to removal of catenaries. Lohr implemented projects Recently, Alstom has been providing an innovative In France: Chatillon-Viroflay, Clermont-Ferrand, fast track laying technique called Appitrack. Saint-Denis - Sarcelles www.alstom.com Internationally: Italy (Padua, -), China (Tianjin-Teda, Shanghai) Alstom transport implemented projects In France: • rolling stock: Bordeaux, Nantes, Grenoble, Île-de- KEY FIGURES France, Le Mans, Lyon, Montpellier, Mulhouse, Nice, ------Orléans, Rouen, Strasbourg, Toulouse, Valenciennes 2,000 employees • Citadis trams: Angers, Brest, Dijon, Reims 230 professional staff across Europe • APS system: Angers, Bordeaux, Orléans, Reims 6 sites worldwide Internationally: • Tramway carriages: Netherlands (), Ireland (Dublin), Spain, (Madrid-Parla, Barcelona, Tenerife), Australia (Melbourne), Turkey (), Tunisia (Tunis) • Orders for rolling stock for lines under construction: KEY FIGURES Spain (Jaén), Algeria (Algiers, , Constantine), ------Morocco (Rabat, Casablanca), Brazil (Brasilia) 23 billion euros turnover in 2009, including 5.8 billion euros for Alstom transport 96,500 staff including 27,000 Alstom transport staff Operating in over 70 countries No. 2 in underground and tramway systems in the world

Ministry for Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy Tunis Alstom exports Citadis to Tunisia

Citadis has been running for public transport. The feed- in Tunisia since 2009. With back for the first Citadis in 39 new trains, the tramway North is positive. meets the city’s growing need

23 Dunkerque Belfort Colmar Arras

Niort Béziers

Thionville Amiens Belfort Maubeuge Colmar d Arras Charleville Mézières Cherbourg Octeville Béthune Niort Béziers Boulogne sur Mer Lorient Limoges Cherbourg Brive-la-Gaillarde Saint-Malo Nevers Thionville Amiens Mâcon Brest Le Mans Roubaix Chartres Poitiers Agen Rennes Nancy Tarbes NantesBriey Metz Brest Marseille Saint-Étienne Clermont Ferran Antibes Toulouse Orléans Montpellie r Bordeaux Roanne ParisCaen Bourg en Bresse Avignon

Pau Évreux Annemasse Fort de France Grasse Annecy g Nancy oyes LilleNice Orléans Grenoble Nîmes Tr Montbéliard La Rochelle ours illeurbanne Besançon Cannes Laval T V oulon

Lenss Le Havre

T Valence Douai ourcoing Cognac Calais

Quimper s

Mulhouse T Anger s Dijon lenciennes

Strasbour Albi Bayonne Beauvais Orléans Hagondange Va Auxerre Angoulême Reim Dunkerque g

Aix en Provence Roanne Tours Bourg en Bresse THE TRAMWAY REVIVAL IN FRANCE Compiègne Saint-Quentin Rouen Lyon La Roche sur Yon Châteauroux Saint Deni Épinal

Montbéliard Caen Nîmes Chalon sur Saône

Valence Douai

Carcassonne Périgueux Alençon Quimper illeurbanne Bordeaux V Saint-NazaireFort de France

Calais Strasbour Rouen

Dax

Anger s Dax

Biscarosse Pau Beauvais Auxerre Nice oulouse Angoulême Hendaye Biarritz T

Vichy Marseille lenciennes Perpignan Dunkerque Compiègne Va Saint-Quentin

Bombardier Siemens Bombardier offers transport solutions on a world- Siemens France has skill centres which operate wide scale in two business sectors – aeronautics across the whole Siemens group worldwide in and transports. Its Bombardier Transport division is cutting-edge sectors such as automated transport the world leader in the construction of rail transport systems. Siemens SAS/MO represents the group’s equipment and provision of associated services. Mobility operations in France and markets its rolling It has a vast industry portfolio and delivers stock and rail products. Siemens Mobility provides innovative products and services which set new automatic control systems, fully automated standards in sustainable mobility. Based on the four systems, rolling stock, electrification, services, principles of energy, efficiency, economy and eco- maintenance and turnkey projects. Siemens sup- logy, Bombardier’s ECO4 technologies are energy- plies the Avenio tramway, the latest product in the saving, protect the environment and improve global range, offering multiple configurations and currently train performance. Bombardier supplies the Flexity used in many cities worldwide. It also produces the tramway system. Avanto tram-train which can connect city centres to www.bombardier.com suburban zones without transshipment and run on conventional railway tracks. www.siemens.com Bombardier implemented projects In France: Marseille (equipped with Flexity Out- look), Nantes, Strasbourg Siemens implemented projects Internationally: Germany (main site), (, In France: line T4 Aulnay-Bondy (Île-de-France), Innsbruck, ), Australia (Adelaide, Melbourne), Mulhouse-Vallée de la Thur line Belgium (), Spain (, Valencia), Internationally: United States (Las Vegas tram- the United States (Minneapolis), Italy (Milan, Palermo), bus), Italy ( with the TEO Tram Eletrico Poland (Kraków, Lodz), Portugal (Porto), Ottica network) United Kingdom (Nottingham), (Geneva, Zurich), Turkey (Istanbul, Bursa, Eskisehir) Contract in the planning stage: Canada (Toronto)

KEY FIGURES ------KEY FIGURES 2.7 billion euros turnover in 2009 ------400,000 staff, including 8,055 Siemens 19.4 billion dollars turnover for the financial France staff year to 31 January 2010 7 production sites 62,900 staff including 33,800 Bomardier 5 world skill centres Transport staff 22 million euros annually devoted to R&D 59 production and engineering sites and 3.3 billion euros worth of orders taken 20 service centres in 2008 Operations in 25 countries

Ministry for Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy Bologne Siemens equips the TEO

The city of Bologna has ac- Optiguide optical guidance which go through Bologna cepted Siemens’ bid to equip system. TEO comprises four and its suburbs from east to the TEO Tram Eletrico Ottico trolley bus lines with conti- west. n network with the Siemens nuous guidance systems,

25 Dunkerque Belfort Colmar Arras

Niort Béziers

Thionville Amiens Belfort Maubeuge Colmar d Arras Charleville Mézières Cherbourg Octeville Béthune Niort Béziers Boulogne sur Mer Lorient Limoges Cherbourg Brive-la-Gaillarde Saint-Malo Nevers Thionville Amiens Mâcon Brest Le Mans Roubaix Chartres Poitiers Agen Rennes Nancy Tarbes NantesBriey Metz Brest Marseille Saint-Étienne Clermont Ferran Antibes Toulouse Orléans Montpellie r Bordeaux Roanne ParisCaen Bourg en Bresse Avignon

Pau Évreux Annemasse Fort de France Grasse Annecy g Nancy oyes LilleNice Orléans Grenoble Nîmes Tr Montbéliard La Rochelle ours illeurbanne Besançon Cannes Laval T V oulon

Lenss Le Havre

T Valence Douai ourcoing Cognac Calais

Quimper s

Mulhouse T Anger s Dijon lenciennes

Strasbour Albi Bayonne Beauvais Orléans Hagondange Va Auxerre Angoulême Reim Dunkerque g

Aix en Provence Roanne Tours Bourg en Bresse THE TRAMWAY REVIVAL IN FRANCE Compiègne Saint-Quentin Rouen Lyon La Roche sur Yon Châteauroux Saint Deni Épinal

Montbéliard Caen Nîmes Chalon sur Saône

Valence Douai

Carcassonne Périgueux Alençon Quimper illeurbanne Bordeaux V Saint-NazaireFort de France

Calais Strasbour Rouen

Dax

Anger s Dax

Biscarosse Pau Beauvais Auxerre Nice oulouse Angoulême Hendaye Biarritz T

Vichy Marseille lenciennes Perpignan Dunkerque Compiègne Va Saint-Quentin

Major public works groups Three major French companies, Bouygues, Eiffage and Vinci provide design and construction services for tramway lines. Depending on the circumstances, their role ranges from building the platform to leading a consortium or a concession group.

Bouygues operates in the transport sector via its Eiffage is the eighth largest European construction subsidiary Colas Rail. The Colas Rail cluster com- and concession group. It carries out complementary prises construction, replacement and maintenance activities: financing, design, infrastructure and project of high-speed lines and conventional railway track, construction and maintenance via five operational tramways, underground systems, and management sectors (Eiffage constructions, public works, conces- and engineering for major turnkey projects. Being sion, Forclum, Eiffel). Eiffage and its subsidiaries a member of the Colas group, world leader in road have been involved in the construction of tramway construction and maintenance, gives Colas Rail a lines in some twenty French towns, as well as solid foundation based on very high level expertise in Madrid. and technologies. www.eiffage.com Colas operates mainly in France and the United Kingdom, but also in Belgium, Romania, Venezuela, Egypt, Algeria and Morocco. Bouygues is currently building and will operate the Reims tramway which KEY FIGURES will enter into service in April 2011. ------www.bouygues.com 13 billion euros turnover in 2009 70,000 staff 500 business units 30,000 projects annually in Europe

KEY FIGURES ------1.3 billion euros turnover in 2009 Vinci finances, designs, builds and manages trans- Over 133,000 staff port infrastructures, public and private facilities, Operating in 80 countries water, energy and communications networks. The Rhônexpress link connecting Lyon city centre to the city’s international airport, which came into service in August 2010, was built within the framework of a public-private partnership between the Rhône département and Vinci Concessions. The design and implementation contracts were carried out by subsidiaries of the Vinci group, including Eurovia travaux ferroviaires. www.vinci.com

KEY FIGURES ------31.9 billion euros turnover in 2009 162,000 staff Operating in over 100 countries 240,000 projects in 2009

Ministry for Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy Lyon Vinci creates Rhônexpress

The Vinci company is the • a departure every half-hour ter midnight when a flight mandator of the Rhônexpress from 5 am to 6 am and from has been delayed if it was grouping responsible for the 9 pm to 12 am; scheduled to land before construction and operation of • a departure every 15 mi- 11.30 pm. n the high-speed tramway link nutes from 6 am to 9 pm; in Lyon. Rhônexpress, which • a 365-day per year service; runs from Part-Dieu railway • a journey time of under 30 station to Lyon-Saint-Exupéry minutes; airport, guarantees: • a return journey to Lyon af-

27 Dunkerque Belfort Colmar Arras

Niort Béziers

Thionville Amiens Belfort Maubeuge Colmar d Arras Charleville Mézières Cherbourg Octeville Béthune Niort Béziers Boulogne sur Mer Lorient Limoges Cherbourg Brive-la-Gaillarde Saint-Malo Nevers Thionville Amiens Mâcon Brest Le Mans Roubaix Chartres Poitiers Agen Rennes Nancy Tarbes NantesBriey Metz Brest Marseille Saint-Étienne Clermont Ferran Antibes Toulouse Orléans Montpellie r Bordeaux Roanne ParisCaen Bourg en Bresse Avignon

Pau Évreux Annemasse Fort de France Grasse Annecy g Nancy oyes LilleNice Orléans Grenoble Nîmes Tr Montbéliard La Rochelle ours illeurbanne Besançon Cannes Laval T V oulon

Lenss Le Havre

T Valence Douai ourcoing Cognac Calais

Quimper s

Mulhouse T Anger s Dijon lenciennes

Strasbour Albi Bayonne Beauvais Orléans Hagondange Va Auxerre Angoulême Reim Dunkerque g

Aix en Provence Roanne Tours Bourg en Bresse THE TRAMWAY REVIVAL IN FRANCE Compiègne Saint-Quentin Rouen Lyon La Roche sur Yon Châteauroux Saint Deni Épinal

Montbéliard Caen Nîmes Chalon sur Saône

Valence Douai

Carcassonne Périgueux Alençon Quimper illeurbanne Bordeaux V Saint-NazaireFort de France

Calais Strasbour Rouen

Dax

Anger s Dax

Biscarosse Pau Beauvais Auxerre Nice oulouse Angoulême Hendaye Biarritz T

Vichy Marseille lenciennes Perpignan Dunkerque Compiègne Va Saint-Quentin Tramways of yesterday and today, a strong political commitment

Although tramways have now come back to the urban landscape, it was necessary to make a break with the supremacy of the car in the 1960s to return to this form of public transport. The success of the new French tramways can partly be explained by the favourable context of decentralisation, with the introduction of a proactive national policy in the period 1990-2000 based on incentives (transport levy, grants) and supports (laws, tools, methodologies), as well as the emergence of strong local policies in favour of organising global urban transport schemes. The tramway option has been gaining ground consistently since the 1970s as an urban transport system.

1950-1970: the supremacy of the car transport planning (Framework law on internal In 1946, 48 French cities had tramways and this transport, LOTI, 1982). was the preferred method of public transport The principle objective of this plan was to develop across Europe, with underground systems being public transport and project management was reserved for capital cities such as Paris. entrusted to urban transport management authorities. From the 1950s, car use peaked and tramways Underground systems were only suitable for large were questioned by French towns wishing to urban areas and so tramways became the solu- adapt to car use. tion for the majority of towns. In the 1960s, with the exception of Lille, Marseille Nantes (1985) and Grenoble (1987) reintroduced and Saint-Etienne, all French tramways were dis- the first tramways to their networks and chose mantled to make way for cars. the standard French tramway developed on the basis of a state-sponsored initiative (concours 1970: a tax in favour of public transport Cavaillé, 1975). In the early 1970s, the period of economic growth and the dominance of the car began to wane. The negative effects of car use (congestion and pollu- 1990-2000: tramways are backed up by tion) and the first oil crisis encouraged the French national transport and urban planning state to relaunch urban transport schemes. policies A transport levy (versement transport) was intro- The 1990s saw a rise in environmental concerns duced: it was raised on companies employing and the 2000s link urbanisation and transport, thus more than nine staff located in areas served by favouring the introduction of tramways. urban transport systems, in order to finance In 1996, the law on clean air and the rational use public transport. This tax helped to develop urban of energy (LAURE) set Urban Travel Plans (PDU) transport and to build major underground sys- the priority target of reducing car use. Urban Travel tems in Lyon, Lille and Marseille. Plans became mandatory for towns with more than 100,000 inhabitants and enforced a global 1980: decentralisation favours the intro- approach to the organisation of travels. During this duction of tramways period, urban planning had been suffering from In the early 1980s, a significant decentralisation a lack of impetus. Suddenly Urban Travel Plans, process was established and benefited tramway which were usually planning tools for the medium systems. Different levels of local administration term (5 to 10 years), included an element of longer (towns, "départements", regions) were responsible term urban planning (10 to 20 years). In parallel, for organising public transport and the Urban Tra- the state with its policy of grants, encouraged local vel Plan became the main planning tool for urban authorities to build new public transport systems.

Ministry for Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy 1951 - Tramway place du Lieutenant-Aubert in Rouen THE TRAMWAYS OF YESTERDAY

29 Dunkerque Belfort Colmar Arras

Niort Béziers

Thionville Amiens Belfort Maubeuge Colmar d Arras Charleville Mézières Cherbourg Octeville Béthune Niort Béziers Boulogne sur Mer Lorient Limoges Cherbourg Brive-la-Gaillarde Saint-Malo Nevers Thionville Amiens Mâcon Brest Le Mans Roubaix Chartres Poitiers Agen Rennes Nancy Tarbes NantesBriey Metz Brest Marseille Saint-Étienne Clermont Ferran Antibes Toulouse Orléans Montpellie r Bordeaux Roanne ParisCaen Bourg en Bresse Avignon

Pau Évreux Annemasse Fort de France Grasse Annecy g Nancy oyes LilleNice Orléans Grenoble Nîmes Tr Montbéliard La Rochelle ours illeurbanne Besançon Cannes Laval T V oulon

Lenss Le Havre

T Valence Douai ourcoing Cognac Calais

Quimper s

Mulhouse T Anger s Dijon lenciennes

Strasbour Albi Bayonne Beauvais Orléans Hagondange Va Auxerre Angoulême Reim Dunkerque g

Aix en Provence Roanne Tours Bourg en Bresse THE TRAMWAY REVIVAL IN FRANCE Compiègne Saint-Quentin Rouen Lyon La Roche sur Yon Châteauroux Saint Deni Épinal

Montbéliard Caen Nîmes Chalon sur Saône

Valence Douai

Carcassonne Périgueux Alençon Quimper illeurbanne Bordeaux V Saint-NazaireFort de France

Calais Strasbour Rouen

Dax

Anger s Dax

Biscarosse Pau Beauvais Auxerre Nice oulouse Angoulême Hendaye Biarritz T

Vichy Marseille lenciennes Perpignan Dunkerque Compiègne Va Saint-Quentin Further information

with dedicated corridors, sharing public space It has to ensure a balance between mobility needs between different forms of transport. The rebirth and environmental protection on the one hand of tramways in France can be pinpointed to this and to increase social and urban cohesion on the period, with the construction of the first lines in other hand. Thus transport occupies a much more Strasbourg and Rouen in 1994. significant role at of local public policy.

In 2000, the law on Solidarity and Urban Since 2000: the tramway remains the high- Renewal (SRU) restored the primary purpose priority method of public transport to Urban Development Plans by making the sub- French tramways are continuing to evolve: regional structure plan (SCOT), an urban planning w in 2003: Bordeaux opened three tram lines based tool, work on longer timescales and a larger spa- on the new generation of more accessible rolling tial scale. This law provided a strong incentive to stock (integral low floor) with careful attention to link urbanisation with transport. Tramway schemes design and customisation in many cases (Als- must be included in urban planning (the travel tom’s Citadis) and meeting the requirements of component of SCOTs) together with all the urban urban requalification; projects which accompany them or are generated w in 2006, the first lines came into service in by them. Urban development must be organised Mulhouse and Valenciennes, Clermont-Ferrand around shared public transport routes, as for launched its tramway on tires and Paris example in Montpellier. The Urban Development completed its network; Plan become once again the tool for public trans- w in 2007, Nice and Le Mans opened their first lines port planning policy: structuring public transport to the public. around tramways, reorganising bus networks and providing transport on demand, social pricing, information, accessibility, park-and-ride, etc.

Ministry for Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy

Editorial design: SG/DICOM/DIE - Graphic design: SG/DICOM/DIE Printing: SG/SPSSI/ATL2 - Réf.: DICOM-DAEI/PLA/11001-1-GB - May 2012 Brochure made in collaboration with the Centre for the study of networks, transport, urban planning and public building projects (Certu)

Brochure printed on European eco label certified paper, www.eco-label.com

Photo credits Page 2: Laurent Mignaux/MEDDE; Arnaud Bouissou/MEDDE; Ctacik/Fotolia; Remzi/Fotolia Page 3: Laurent Mignaux/MEDDE Page 5: C.Sasso/Alstom transport-TOMA Page 7: Jérôme Brosseau Page 9: Laurent Mignaux/MEDDE Page 11: Bernard Suard/MEDDE Page 13: Bernard Suard/MEDDE Page 15: Ignatius Wooster/Fotolia Page 17: Véolia Transportation Page 19: R.Vilalta/Alstom Transport Page 21: Systra Page 23: C. Sasso/Alstom Transport-TOMA Page 25: Claudiozacc/Fotolia Page 27: Luc Benevello/Vinci Page 29: Henri Salesse/MEDDE

Ministry for Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy Further information

Acronyms

AOTU: autorités organisatrices des transports urbains (Transport Management Authorities) BHNS: bus à haut niveau de service (Bus with High Level of Service) LAURE: loi sur l’air et l’utilisation rationnelle de l’énergie (Law on Clean Air and Rational Energy Use) LOTI: loi d’orientation des transports intérieurs (Framework Law on Inland Transport) PDU: plan de déplacements urbains (Urban Travel Plan) SCOT: schéma de cohérence territoriale (Sub-regional structure plan) SRU: loi solidarité et renouvellement urbain (Law on Solidarity and Urban Renewal) TC: transports en commun (public transport) TCSP: transports en commun en site propre (public transport systems with dedicated corridors)

Additional resources Ministry for Sustainable Development www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr

ACTIF: Aide à la conception des systèmes de transports interopérables en France (Resource for the design of interoperable transport systems in France) www.its-actif.org

Certu: Centre d'études sur les réseaux, les transports, l'urbanisme et les constructions publiques (Centre for the study of networks, transport, urban planning and public building projects) www.certu.fr

PREDIM: Plate-forme de recherche et d’expérimentation pour le développement de l’information multimodale (Platform for research and development of multimodal information systems) www.predim.org

PASSIM: Portail annuaire des sites et des services sur le mobilité (Portal and directory for sites and services on mobility) www.passim.info

Contacts

Directorate General for Infrastructure, Transport and the Sea Mail: sfd.dst.dgitm.developpement-durable.gouv.fr

Department for European and International Affairs Tel.: + 33 (0)1 40 81 27 40 (Transport Managing Officer)

Centre for the study of networks, transport, urban planning and public building projects Email: [email protected]

31 Ministère de l’Écologie, du Développement durable et de l'Énergie Secrétariat général Tour Pascal A 92 055 La Défense cedex Tél. +33 (0)1 40 81 21 22

www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr