1980 Local Anaesthetics

. CA S • '-'--· 532·59·2 (amy!ocaine ilydrochforidej; > 644·26·8 Swed.: Septocaine; Ubistesin; Switz.: Alphacaine; Rudocain; Interactions {q(T1ylocolne ilyd(()Chloride}. Septanest; Ubistesin; Ultracaine D-S; Turk.: Ultracain; UK: Sep� UN/I � 224/iF0/<, 14(!, tanest; Ukr.: Artifrin (ApTH<)Jprm); Ultracain D-S (YJihTpaKaHH )J;­ For interactions associated with local anaesthetics, see C); USA: Orabloc; Septocaine. p. 1979.3. Pharmacopoeial Preparations Profile USP 36: Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Injection. Pharmacokinetics Amylocaine, a benzoic acid ester, is a local anaesthetic See under Local Anaesthetics, p. 1979.3. (p. 1976.1) used mainly as the hydrochloride in a range of preparations for application to the skin or mucous Benzocaine (BAN, r/NN) P epa atio membranes. It has also been used in preparations for the r r n.S...... relief of painful anorectal conditions and has been included ProprietaryPreparations (details are given in Volume B) in oral mixtures for the relief of coughs. Single-ingredient Prepara6ons. Arg.: Lodoc; Austral.: Appli­ cainet; Austria: Anaestherit; Braz. : Solarcaine; Canad.: Anbe­ Preparations sol Baby; Anbesol Extra Strength; Anbesol; Baby Orajel; Com­ fortcainet; Derminet; First Aid Spray; ManDelayt; Oragard-B; (details are given in Volume B) ProprietaryPreparations Orajel; Swabplus Insect Bite Relieft; Swabplus Mouth Pain Single-ingredient Preparations.Fr.: Dolodent. Relieft; Swabplus Teething pain Relieft; Ultracare; Chile: Anbesolt; BBdent Gel Topico; Dentisprayt; Faille; Kalmafta; Belg. : Dentophart; Rectovasol; Multi-ingredient Preparations. China: Ou Ji Cz.: Babydentt; Fr. : Prothylt; Topex; Ger.: Braz.: Fonergin; Hemodottit; Cz.: Avenoct; Fr. : Avenoc; Denw (�Jn'n: Anaesthesin Nt; Anaesthesin; Labocanet; Hung.: Babydentt; tobaume; Elenolt; Paracamf; Pulmollt; Sedaplaiet; Hong Kong: India: Mamdew Baby Gel; ManDelay; Mucopain; Irl.: Burneze; Frazolinet; Ital. : Dentinale; Proctosedyl; Mon.: Bronchoder­ Lanacane; Israel: Anadent; Baby Gel; Hurricaine; Lanacanet; mine; Thai.: Bacal; Basina; Citacin; Izac; Lobacin; Medcint; Maintain; Oramedt; UltraCare; Mex. : Auralyt; Gomas Garde B; Mybadn; Novacin; Thrody. Street names. The following terms have been used as 'street Graneodin B; NZ: Solarcainet; Pol. : Baby Orajelt; Orajelt; HomoeopathicPreparations. Canad. : Avenoct; Port. : Avenoct. names' (see p. vii) or slang names for various forms of Port.: Dentispray; Topigel; Rus.: Relief Advance (PenH� benzocaine: A,ri;BaHc); S.Afr. : Kiddigumt; Spain: Dentispray; Gartricin; Hur­ Coco snow; Procrystal; Pro-crystal. ricaine; Lanacane; Nani Pre Dental; Topispray; Turk. : Undo­ Articaine Hydrochloride (BANM. USAN, r!NNM) Pharmacopoeias. In Chin., Bur. (see p. vii), Int., Jpn, and US. Pate; UK: AAA; Burneze; Lanacane; Orajel; Ultra Chloraseptic; Ultra care; Ukr. : Babydent (Ee6H;:J;eHT)t; USA: Americaine First Ph. Eur. 40ol!s; Aiticarna:: htciroclorllro de; Artieaf\1�, .Ch!orhy< ;irate d'; 8: (Benzocaine). Colourless crystals or a white or Aid; Americaine; Anbesol Jr; Baby Anbesol; Baby Orajel; Benz- Articainhydrochklrid; Articoini Hydrochloridum;· Artikaiillihy, almost white, crystalline powder. M.p. 89 degrees to 92 0-Sthetic; Benzodent; Cepacol Dual Relief Sore Throat Spray; degrees. Very slightly soluble in water; freely soluble in dtolalcohol. Protect from light. hydrocblorid; Artik > hydro· Pharmacopoeial Preparations CAS -c 23964-58-1 23964,51·0 (articarne Benzocaine, a para-aminobenzoic acid ester, is a local c.hfo ride), · • ·· · · USP 36: Antipyrine and Benzocaine Otic Solution; Antipyrine, . anaesthetic used for surface anaesthesia (p. 1977.3); it has . . . Benzocaine, and Phenylephrine Hydrochloride Otic Solution; ATC- NOlBBOf!, low potency and low systemic toxicity. It is used, often with Benzocaine and Menthol Topical Aerosol; Benzocaine Cream; ATClfet '-'-- ON0 1SB08. other drugs such as analgesics, antiseptics, antibacterials, Benzocaine Gel; Benzocaine Lozenges; Benzocaine Ointment; uNit - Q$90 1:1079{. antifungals, and antipruritics, for the temporary local relief Benzocaine Otic Solution; Benzocaine Topical Aerosol; Benzo­ of pain associated with dental conditions, oropharyngeal caine Topical Solution; Benzocaine, Butamben, and Tetracaine Pharmacopoeias. In Bur. (see p. vii) and US. disorders, haemorrhoids, anal pruritus, and ear pain. Hydrochloride Gel; Benzocaine, Butamben, and Tetracaine Ph. Eur. 8: (Articaine Hydrochloride). A white or almost Lozenges containing benzocaine in usual doses of up to Hydrochloride Ointment; Benzocaine, Butamben, and Tetra­ white crystalline powder. Freely soluble in water and in 10 mg are used for the relief of sore throat. Gels, pastes, caine Hydrochloride Topical Aerosol; Benzocaine, Butamben, alcohol. A I% solution in water has a pH of 4.2 to 5.2. solutions, and sprays containing benzocaine in concentra­ and Tetracaine Hydrochloride Topical Solution. Protect from light. tions of up to 20% have been used for surface anaesthesia of USP 36; (Articaine Hydrochloride). A white or almost the mouth and throat. white, crystalline powder. Freely soluble in water anq. in Benzocaine is used in ear drops, creams, ointments, Bupivacaine (BAN, USAN, r/NN) alcohol. Protect from light. lotions, solutions, sprays, gels, and suppositories in Bu Pl irc afna;: .· BI.lpivaca)'qe;• · Buplvacairi;Jm; concentrations of up to 20% for topical analgesia and � · . .. . Profile anaesthesia. Bu�vak without adrenaline for infiltration and regional anaesthesia. benzocaine in some over-the-counter appetite suppres­ ATC__, NO lBBOi .•..•.• A 4% solution of articaine hydrochloride with adrenaline is sants there is no good evidence of its value in obesity 1\t(.Vet � ONO IBBO I.. used similarly in dentistry. A hyperbaric solution of (p. 2315.1). UNtl � YIB3S394RQ. . articaine hydrochloride with glucose has been used for 1. Anonymous. A nasal decongestant and a local anesthetic for weight spinal block. control? Med Lett Drugs Ther 1979; 21: 65-6. Bupivacaine Hydrochloride Porphyria. The Drug Database for Acute Porphyria, com­ (BANM, USAN, r/NNM) piled by the Norwegian Porphyria Centre (NAPOS) and Adverse Effects and Treatment · · (5upivacaina, hidr9c1oruro de; i BupiyaC�(ne', the Porphyria Centre Sweden, classifies articaine as probM AH: 2250; • · . As for Local Anaesthetics in general, p. 1978.1. · · . ably not porphyrinogenic; it may be used as a drug of first Chlorhydrate de; Bupivacainhydrochlorld; . Buplva�aipi choice and no precautions are needed. 1 Hydrochforidum; .Bupivacaini. Hydre>;:hloridum Monohydrl� Abuse. Benzocaine has been used as an adulterant or 'cut­ cum; The Drug Database for Acute Porphyria. Available at: http://www. Bopivakaiinihydrokloridi: . Bupivaka1n Hidr�klqr(ir; J. ting' agent in the preparation of cocaine for illicit use and . drugs-porphyria.org (accessed 05/10/11} S.L/pivakail)-hidroklorid; .Buplvakain-hydrochlorid mono)1y­ adverse effects such as methaemoglobinaemia have been drat; . Bupivakainhydroklorid;. . Bupiv,akaino. hidrochloridil.s; seen after cocaine overdosage as a result of the benzocaine i Bupiwakainy chlotowodorek; Hidr0dor ro · �e ouplvataina; Preparat ons content.1 � LAC"43; Win--113 t8; Eiynl'laaKa�tHa >tcinchocaine, 21 were not allergic to benzocaine Ph. Eur. 8; (Bupivacaine Hydrochloride). A white or almost Hong Kong: Hung.: Septanest; Ubistesin; Ubistesin; Ubistesin; alone.1 white, crystalline powder or colourless crystals. Soluble in Ultracain D-S; Irl. : Espestesin; Israel: Septanest; Ubistesin; Ital. : I. Rudzki E, Kleniewska D. The epidemiology of contact dermatitis in water; freely soluble in alcohol. Protect from light. Alfacaina; Cartidont; Citocartin; Sarticain; Septanest; Ubistesin; Poland. Br J Dermato/ 1970; 83: 543-5. USP 36: (Bupivacaine Hydrochloride). A white, odourless, Neth.: Citocartin; Loncani; Septanest; Ubistesin; Ultracain D-S; 2. Bandmann H-J, et al. Dermatitis from applied medicaments. Arch Norw. : Septocaine; NZ: Septanest; Ubistesin; Port. : Alpha­ Dermato/ 1972; 106: 335-7. crystalline powder. Freely soluble in water and in alcohol; cainet; Artinibsa; Artinostrum; Meganest; Septanest; Ubistesin; 3. Beck MH, Holden A. Benzocaine-an unsatisfactory indicator of topical slightly soluble in acetone and in chloroform. A I% solution Rus.: Alphacaine (Am,c:JmKrum); Artifrin (ApTHc:}lpnn); Brilocaine local anaesthetic sensitization for the UK. Br J Dermatol l988; 118: 91-4. in water has a pH of 4.5 to 6.0. (EpHJioKaHH); Citocartin (li,HTOKapTHH); Primacaine Adrenaline (ITpnMaxarm C A,upeHaJIHHOM); Septanest (CenTaHecT); Ubistesin Stabilityof solutions. For a discussion of the effect that pH (Y6uCTe311H); Ultracain (YJih'I'paKan:H); Singapore: Ubistesin; Precautions has on the stability of local anaesthetic solutions and the Spain: Artinibsa; Meganest; Septanest; Ubistesin; Ultracain; As for Local Anaesthetics in general, p. 1979.1. pain associated with their injection, see p. 1976.2.

All cross-references refer to entries in Volume A