North American Native Trees and Shrubs for New England Gardens

Sun, average soil

Abies balsamaea – balsam fir Kalmia latifolia - mountain laurel Abies concolor - concolor fir Liquidambar styraciflua - sweetgum Abies fraseri – fraser fir Liriodendron tulipifera – tulip tree/tulip poplar Abies grandis – grand fir Lonicera sempervirens – honeysuckle vine Acer rubrum - red maple Magnolia acuminata - cucumber magnolia Acer saccharinum – silver maple Magnolia grandiflora – bull bay magnolia Acer saccharum - sugar maple Myrica pensylvanica – bayberry Aesculus parviflora -bottlebrush buckeye Ostrya virginiana - ironwood Aesculus pavia - red buckeye Oxydendrum arboreum – sourwood Amelanchier spp. – shadbush, serviceberry Physocarpus opulifolius - eastern ninebark Aralia spinosa – Devil’s walking stick Picea glauca - white spruce Arctostaphylos uva-ursi –bearberry Pieris floribunda – mountain pieris Aronia arbutifolia – red chokeberry Pinus banksiana - jack pine Aronia prunifolia – purple chokeberry Pinus strobus - white pine Aronia melanocarpa – black chokeberry Pinus resinosa - red pine Betula nigra - river birch Prunus maritima - beach plum Carpinus caroliniana - American hornbeam Prunus serotina – black cherry Ceanothus americanus - New Jersey tea Ptelea trifoliata - hoptree Cercis canadensis - eastern redbud Quercus spp.- oak, various species Chamaecyparis thyoides – Atlantic white cedar Rhododendron arborescens – smooth azalea Chionanthus virginicus – fringe tree Rhododendron calendulaceum - flame azalea Cladrastis kentuckea - yellowwood Rhododendron vaseyi – pinkshell azalea Clethra alnifolia - sweet pepperbush Rhus aromatica - fragrant sumac Comptonia peregrina - sweet fern Rhus copallina - shining sumac Cornus racemosa - grey dogwood Rhus typhina - staghorn sumac Corylus americana – American hazelnut Rosa carolina - Carolina rose Cotinus obovatus – American smoketree Rosa virginiana - Virginia rose Crataegus viridis - green hawthorn Sambucus canadensis – elderberry Crataegus phaenopyrum – Washington hawthorn Sassafrass albidum – sassafrass Fothergilla gardenia – small fothergilla Taxus Canadensis – Canada yew Fothergilla major – fothergilla Thuja occidentalis - eastern arborvitae Fraxinus americana - white ash Tilia americana – basswood Fraxinus pennsylvanica - green ash Tsuga canadensis – Canadian hemlock Halesia tetraptera - Carolina silverbell Vaccinium corymbosum – blueberry Hamamelis virginiana –fall-blooming witch hazel Vaccinium angustifolium Hydrangea quercifolia - oakleaf hydrangea Viburnum acerifolium – maple leaf viburnum Hypericum frondosum – golden St. John’s wort Viburnum alnifolium - hobblebush Hypericum prolificum - shrubby St. John’s wort Viburnum nudum - northern wild raisin Ilex glabra – inkberry Viburnum dentatum – arrowwood Ilex opaca - American holly Viburnum lentago – nannyberry Itea virginica – sweet spire Viburnum prunifolium - blackhaw viburnum Juniperus communis - pasture juniper Viburnum trilobum – American cranberry Juniperus horizontalis - creeping juniper Juniperus virginiana - eastern red cedar

Sun, dry soil

Abies concolor - concolor fir Aralia spinosa – Devil’s walking stick Acer negundo – box elder Arctostaphylos uva-ursi – bearberry Acer rubrum – red maple Aronia species – chokeberry Amelanchier arborea – downy serviceberry Ceanothus americanus - New Jersey tea Amelanchier laevis – alleghany serviceberry Celtis occidentalis – hackberry Amorpha canescens Comptonia peregrina - sweet fern Amorpha fruticosa Crataegus phaenopyrum – Washington hawthorn

1 Crataegus viridis – green hawthorn Quercus alba – white oak Gleditsia triacanthos – honey locust Quercus coccinea – scarlet oak Hypericum prolificum - shrubby St. John’s wort Rhus aromatica - fragrant sumac Hypericum frondosum – golden S. John’s wort Rhus copallina - shining sumac Juniperus communis - pasture juniper Rhus typhina - staghorn sumac Juniperus horizontalis - creeping juniper Rosa caroliniana – pasture rose Juniperus virginiana - eastern red cedar Rosa virginiana – Virginia rose Myrica pensylvanica – bayberry Tsuga canadensis – Canadian hemlock Ostrya virginiana - Ironwood Viburnum acerifolium – maple leaf viburnum Physocarpus opulifolius - eastern ninebark Viburnum latanoides – hobblebush Pinus banksiana - jack pine Viburnum nudum - northern wild raisin Pinus rigida - pitch pine Viburnum dentatum – arrowwood Pinus strobus – white pine Viburnum lentago – nannyberry Prunus maritima - beach plum Viburnum prunifolium - blackhaw viburnum Prunus pumilla – sand cherry Xanthorhiza simplicissima – yellow root

Moist soils

Acer pensylvanicum – striped maple Kalmia angustifolia - sheep laurel Acer rubrum - red maple Kalmia latifolia - mountain laurel Acer saccharinum – silver maple Lindera benzoin – spicebush Acer saccharum – sugar maple Liquidambar styraciflua - sweet gum Aesculus parviflora - bottlebrush buckeye Liriodendron tulipifera - tulip tree Aesculus pavia - red buckeye Magnolia acuminata - cucumber magnolia Aristolochia species – dutchman’s pipe Magnolia grandiflora – bull bay magnolia Aronia spp. – chokeberry Magnolia tripetala – umbrella tree Betula alleghaniensis - yellow birch Magnolia virginiana - sweetbay magnolia Betula nigra - River birch Nemopanthus mucronatus – mountain holly Calycanthus floridus - Carolina allspice Nyssa sylvatica – tupelo Carpinus caroliniana -American hornbeam Oxydendron arboretum – sourwood Cercis canadensis - eastern redbud Picea glauca – white spruce Chamaecyparis thyoides - Atlantic white cedar Pieris floribunda - mountain pieris Chamaedaphne calyculata – leather leaf Pinus strobus – white pine Chionanthus virginicus – fringe tree Platanus occidentalis – sycamore Cladrastis kentuckea - yellowwood Rhododendron calendulaceum - flame azalea Clethra alnifolia - sweet pepperbush Rhododendron maximum – rosebay rhododendron Cornus alternifolia – pagoda dogwood Rhododendron vaseyi - pinkshell azalea Cornus amomum - silky dogwood Rhododendron viscosum - Swamp azalea Cornus racemosa - grey dogwood Rosa carolina -Carolina rose Cornus sericea – red twig dogwood Salix discolor - pussy willow Dirca palustris – leatherwood Sambucus canadensis – elderberry Fagus grandifolia - American beech Sambucus racemosa – red elder Fothergilla major – fothergilla Spirea latifolia - broadleaf meadowsweet Fothergilla gardenii – fothergilla Spirea tomentosa – steeplebush Franklinia alatamaha - franklinia Stewartia ovata - mountain stewartia Halesia tetraptera - Carolina silverbell Styrax americanus - American snowbell Halesia diptera – two-winged silverbell Thuja occidentalis -eastern arborvitae Hamamelis virginiana – fall-blooming witch hazel Tilia americana – basswood Hamamelis vernalis – spring-blooming witch hazel Vaccinium corymbosum – high bush blueberry Hydrangea arborescens - smooth hydrangea Vaccinium angustifolium - low bush blueberry Hydrangea quercifolia -oakleaf hydrangea Viburnum trilobum – American cranberry Ilex glabra – inkberry Ilex opaca – American holly Ilex verticillata – winterberry Itea virginica -virginia sweetspire Part Shade/Shade

Aesculus parviflora - bottlebrush buckeye Amelanchier spp. – shadbush, service berry Aesculus pavia - red buckeye Aronia spp. - chokeberry

2 Carpinus caroliniana - American hornbeam Magnolia virginiana - sweetbay magnolia Cercis canadensis - redbud Oxydendron arboretum - sourwood Chionanthus virginicus – fringe tree Parthenocissus quinquefolia – Virginia creeper Clethra alnifolia - sweet pepperbush Pieris floribunda - mountain pieris Cornus alternifolia - pagoda dogwood Ptelea trifoliata - hoptree Cornus amomum - silky dogwood Rhododendron arborescens - sweet azalea Cornus racemosa - grey dogwood Rhododendron maximum – rosebay rhododendron Cornus sericea – red twig dogwood Rhododendron vaseyi – pinkshell azalea Corylus americana – American hazelnut Rhododendron viscosum - Swamp azalea Corylus cornuta – beked hazelnut Rhus aromatica – fragrant sumac Cotinus obovatus – American smoketree Stewartia ovata - mountain stewartia Franklinia alatamaha - franklinia Taxus canadensis – Canada yew Halesia tetraptera - Carolina silverbell Vaccinium corymbosum – high bushblueberry Hamamelis vernalis – spring-blooming witch hazel Vaccinium angustifolium Hamamelis virginiana – fall-blooming witch hazel Viburnum acerifolium – maple leaf viburnum Hydrangea arborescens – smooth hydrangea Viburnum alnifolium - hobblebush Hydrangea quercifolia - oakleaf hydrangea Viburnum nudum - northern wild raisin Ilex glabra – inkberry holly Viburnum dentatum – arrowwood Ilex opaca - American holly Viburnum lentago – nannyberry Kalmia angustifolia - sheep laurel Viburnum prunifolium - blackhaw viburnum Kalmia latifolia - mountain laurel Viburnum trilobum – American cranberry Leucothoe axillaris - coast leucothoe Vaccinium angustifolium – lowbush blueberry Leucothoe fontanesiana - drooping leucothoe

Wetlands

Acer rubrum - red maple Rhododendron arborescens – smooth azalea Asimina triloba – pawpaw, dog banana Rhododendron vaseyi – pinkshell azalea Cephalanthus occidentalis - buttonbush Rhododendron viscosum - Swamp azalea Chamaedaphne calyculata - leatherleaf Salix discolor - pussy willow Clethra alnifolia - sweet pepperbush Vaccinium corymbosum - high bush blueberry Cornus racemosa - grey dogwood Vaccinium angustifolium – low bush blueberry Dirca palustris – leatherwood Viburnum acerifolium – maple leaf viburnum Hibiscus moscheutos - marsh hibiscus Viburnum alnifolium - hobblebush Ilex glabra - inkberry Viburnum nudum - northern wild raisin Ilex verticillata - winterberry Viburnum dentatum – arrowwood Kalmia angustifolia - sheep laurel Viburnum lentago – nannyberry Lindera benzoin – spicebush Viburnum prunifolium - blackhaw viburnum Nyssa sylvatica - tupelo Viburnum trilobum – American cranberry Quercus bicolor - swamp white oak Wisteria frutescens – American wisteria Quercus palustris – pin oak Magnolia virginiana - sweetbay magnolia

Trees, shrubs & vines to attract birds

Amelanchier laevis – shadbush, service berry Crataegus viridis – green hawthorn Amelanchier canadensis - shadbush, service berry Fraxinus americana - white ash Amelanchier grandifolia - serviceberry Gaylussacia spp. – huckleberry Arctostaphylos uva-ursi - bearberry Ilex glabra – inkberry holly Aronia spp. – chokeberry Ilex opaca - American holly Asimina triloba – pawpaw, dog banana Juniperus virginiana - eastern red cedar Bignonia capreolata – cross vine Lonicera sempervirens – honeysuckle vine Campsis radicans – trumpet vine Myrica pensylvanica - bayberry Chionanthus virginicus – fringe tree Prunus maritima - beach plum Cornus alternifolia – pagoda dogwood Prunus serotina - black cherry Cornus amomum - silky dogwood Sambucus canadensis - elderberry Cornus racemosa - grey dogwood Vaccinium spp. - blueberry Cornus sericea – red twig dogwood Viburnum spp. - viburnum, various species Crataegus phaenopyrum – Washington hawthorn

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Plants for pollinators (nectar and larval food)

Aesculus ssp. - buckeye Kalmia latifolia - mountain laurel Amelanchier spp. – shadbush, serviceberry Leucothoe ssp. – dog hobble Arctostaphyllus uva-ursi – bear berry Lindera benzoin – spice bush Aronia ssp. – chokeberry Liquidambar styraciflua - sweetgum Betula ssp. – birches Lonicera sempervirens – honeysuckle vine Ceanothus americanus - New Jersey tea Myrica pensylvanica – bayberry Cephalanthus occidentalis – button bush Nemopanthus mucronatus – mountain holly Cercis canadensis - eastern redbud Pieris ssp. - andromeda Chionanthus virginicus – fringe tree Pinus strobus - white pine Clethra alnifolia - sweet pepperbush Prunus maritima, serotina – beach plum, cherry Cornus racemosa - grey dogwood Rhododendron ssp. -- azalea Crataegus viridis - green hawthorn Rhus ssp. - sumac Crataegus ssp – hawthorn Rosa ssp - rose Fothergilla ssp. – fothergilla Sambucus ssp. – elderberry Gleditsia triacanthos – honey locust Sassafrass albidum – sassafrass Halesia ssp - silverbell Spirea ssp. – steeplebush Hamamelis ssp.– witch hazel Tilia americana – basswood Hydrangea ssp. - hydrangea Vaccinium ssp. – blueberry Hypericum ssp. – St. John’s wort Viburnum ssp – hobblebush, Amer. Cranberry, etc. Ilex opaca, glabra, verticillata – holly Itea virginica – sweet spire

Coastal Planting (exposed conditions, salt spray) groundcovers, grasses and forbs

Ammophila breviligulata - American beach grass Hibiscus moscheutos - marsh hibiscus Arctostaphylos uva-ursi - bearberry Hudsonia tomentosa - false heather Carex pensylvanicum - Pennsylvania sedge Juniperus horizontalis - creeping juniper Chasmanthium latifolium - northern sea oats Kosteletzkya virginica - seashore mallow Coreopsis lanceolata - lance-leaf coreopsis Limonium nashii - sea lavender Coreopsis verticillata - thread-leaf coreopsis Panicum virgatum - panic grass Deschampsia flexuosa - Tufted hairgrass Parthenocissus quinquefolia - Virginia creeper Festuca ovina - Sheep Fescue Schizachyrium scoparius - little bluestem Festuca ovina var. longifolia - hard fescue Solidago sempervirens – seaside goldenrod Festuca rubra - red fescue Spartina alterniflora – smooth cordgrass Heuchera villosa – coral bells, alum root Spartina patens – saltmarsh cordgrass

Coastal shrubs

Amelanchier canadensis - shadbush, service berry Prunus pumilla – sand cherry Aronia arbutifolia - chokeberry, red Rhododendron atlanticum – coast azalea Aronia melanocarpa - chokeberry, black Rhododendron macrophyllum – coast rhododendron Baccharis halimifolia - groundsel bush Rhus aromatica - sumac, fragrant Clethra alnifolia - sweet pepperbush Rhus copallina - sumac, shining Comptonia peregrina - sweet fern Rhus glabra - sumac, smooth Ilex glabra - inkberry Rhus typhina - sumac, staghorn Ilex verticillata - winterberry Rosa virginiana - Virginia rose Itea virginica – sweet spire Sambucus canadensis - elderberry Iva frutescens – Marsh elder Vaccinium corymbosum – high bush blueberry Leucothoe axillaris - coast leucothoe Viburnum cassinoides - northern wild raisin Myrica pensylvanica - bayberry Viburnum dentatum - arrow-wood Physocarpus opulifolius - eastern ninebark Prunus maritima - beach plum

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Coastal trees

Acer rubrum - red maple Picea glauca - white spruce Chamaecyparis thyoides - Atlantic white cedar Picea pungens - Colorado spruce Fraxinus pensylvanica - green ash Pinus rigida - pitch pine Ilex opaca - American holly Prunus maritima – beach plum Juniperus virginiana - eastern red Cedar Prunus serotina - black cherry Magnolia virginiana - sweet bay magnolia Quercus spp. - oak, various species Nyssa sylvatica – tupelo, sweet gum Thuja occidentalis - eastern arborvitae

Native to the northeast United States

Abies balsamaea – balsam fir Physocarpus opulifolius - eastern ninebark Abies fraseri – fraser fir Picea glauca - white spruce Acer rubrum - red maple Pinus banksiana - jack pine Acer saccharinum – silver maple Pinus strobus - white pine Acer saccharum - sugar maple Pinus resinosa - red pine Amelanchier spp. – shadbush, serviceberry Prunus maritima - beach plum Arctostaphylos uva-ursi –bearberry Prunus serotina – black cherry Aronia arbutifolia – red chokeberry Quercus palustrus.- pin oak Aronia prunifolia – purple chokeberry Quercus rubra – northern red oak Aronia melanocarpa – black chokeberry Quercus alba – white oak Betula nigra - river birch Quercus bicolor – swamp white oak Carpinus caroliniana - American hornbeam Rhododendron maximum – rosebay Ceanothus americanus - New Jersey tea Rhododendron viscosum – swamp azalea Cercis canadensis - eastern redbud Rhus aromatica - fragrant sumac Clethra alnifolia - sweet pepperbush Rhus copallina - shining sumac Comptonia peregrina - sweet fern Rhus typhina - staghorn sumac Cornus racemosa - grey dogwood Rosa carolina - Carolina rose Fraxinus americana - white ash Rosa virginiana - Virginia rose Hamamelis virginiana –fall-blooming witch hazel Sambucus canadensis – elderberry Hydrangea quercifolia - oakleaf hydrangea Sassafrass albidum – sassafrass Hypericum prolificum - shrubby St. John’s wort Spirea tomentosa – steeplebush Ilex glabra – inkberry Styrax americanus – American snowbell Ilex opaca - American holly Taxus canadensis – Canada yew Itea virginica – sweet spire Thuja occidentalis - eastern arborvitae Juniperus horizontalis - creeping juniper Tilia americana – basswood Juniperus virginiana - eastern red cedar Tsuga canadensis – Canadian hemlock Kalmia latifolia - mountain laurel Vaccinium corymbosum – high bush blueberry Liquidambar styraciflua - sweetgum Vaccinium angustifolium low bush blueberry Liriodendron tulipifera – tulip tree/tulip poplar Viburnum acerifolium – maple leaf viburnum Lonicera sempervirens – honeysuckle vine Viburnum latanoides - hobblebush Magnolia virginiana – sweetbay magnolia Viburnum nudum - northern wild raisin Myrica pensylvanica – bayberry Viburnum dentatum – arrowwood Nyssa sylvaica – tupelo Viburnum lentago – nannyberry Ostrya virginiana – ironwood Viburnum trilobum – American cranberry Parthenocissus quinquefolia – Virginia creeper Wisteria frutescens – American wisteria

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