Symptoms of P. ramorum
As Sudden Oak Death and Ramorum Blight/Dieback Contents
• Symptoms of P. ramorum as Sudden Oak Death • Sudden Oak Death • Sudden Oak Death Look-a-Likes • Other Forest Hosts • Symptoms of P. ramorum as Ramorum Blight/Dieback • Blight and Dieback Hosts • Viburnum • Camellia • Kalmia (Mountain laurel) • Rhododendron • Syringa (Lilac) •Pieris • Conifers
USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 2 Phytophthora ramorum Diseases
• Sudden Oak Death – Red oak group hosts and tanoak – Stem lesions beneath the bark – May bleed or ooze – Can kill adult plants • Phytophthora ramorum Foliar Blight – Non-oak hosts – Spots and blotches on leaves – Shoot dieback – Can kill juvenile plants, occasionally mature plants
USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 3 Sudden Oak Death
• Sudden Oak Death affects members of the oak family (Fagaceae) – True oaks (Quercus spp.) – Tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus) – Chestnut (Castanea) [Europe only] – Beech (Fagus) [Europe only]
USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 4 Sudden Oak Death
P. ramorum on coast live oak
Photo: Pavel Svihra, UC Cooperative Extension USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 5 Sudden Oak Death
Tree Death From the Top Down
USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 6 Sudden Oak Death
Natural Reservoir Phytophthora ramorum infection on the leaves of California bay laurel (Umbellularia californica)
Photo: Joseph O’Brien, USDA-Forest Service
USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 7 Sudden Oak Death
‘Bleeding’ canker on tree trunk • ‘Bleeding’ or oozing on the bark • Not associated with cracks in bark or insect holes • Usually on the lower 6 ft. of tree trunks
Photo: Garbelotto lab, UC Berkeley
USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 8 Sudden Oak Death
“bleeding”
Photos: Mike McWilliams, ODF & Bruce Moltzen, Missouri Dept. of Conservation
USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 9 Sudden Oak Death
Photo: Dave Rizzo, Cankers (in inner UC Davis bark) are surrounded by a black line
USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 10 Sudden Oak Death
outer bark inner bark Photo: Bruce Moltzen, Missouri Department of Conservation USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 11 SuddenSudden OakOak DeathDeath LookLook--aa--LikesLikes
• Bacterial wetwood • Boring insects • Mechanical injury • Fungi
USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 12 SuddenSudden OakOak DeathDeath LookLook--aa--LikesLikes
Similar symptoms – not P. ramorum
outer bark inner bark Bleeding canker caused by Armillaria
Photo: Steve Oak, USDA-Forest Service USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 13 SuddenSudden OakOak DeathDeath LookLook--aa--LikesLikes
Similar symptoms – not P. ramorum
outer bark inner bark Bleeding canker caused by inner-bark boring insect
Photo: Steve Oak, USDA-Forest Service USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 14 SuddenSudden OakOak DeathDeath LookLook--aa--LikesLikes
outer bark inner bark
Bleeding canker caused by Inonotus hispidus
Photo: Steve Oak, USDA-Forest Service
USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 15 Blight and Dieback Hosts
Selected Hosts: • Camellia • Pyracantha • Rhododendron • Honeysuckle •Pieris •Yew •Viburnum • Douglas-fir • Kalmia (Mountain • Grand fir laurel) • Coast redwood • Syringa (Lilac)
USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 16 Camellias
• Symptoms can be subtle – Pin head lesions • Look for irregular- shaped brown lesions on the leaves • Sometimes only the tips of leaves are brown • Look for lower leaves that have fallen off USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 Photo: Cheryl Blomquist, CDFA 17 Camellias
Photos: Oregon Dept. of Agriculture & Cheryl Blomquist, CDFA
USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 18 Camellias
Pin head lesions USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 19 Camellias
Photo: Cheryl Blomquist, CDFA USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 20 Camellias
Older Symptoms USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 21 Camellias
Tomas Pastalka, CDFA Sunscald on Camellia
USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 22 Camellias
Leaf Drop
USDA APHIS PPQ USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 23 Camellias
Recent Symptoms Have More Diffuse Edges and Water Soaked Appearance
USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 24 Camellias
Sun scorch on camellia
Photo: Carrie Harmon, University of Florida USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 25 Rhododendron
Dave Rizzo, UCD Phytophthora ramorum- Infected Rhododendron leaves Tim Tidwell, CDFA
USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 26 Rhododendron
Rhododendron macrophyllum
Shoot dieback Foliar blight Foliar blight
USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 Photo: Everett Hansen, Oregon State University 27 Rhododendron
Stem Canker and Leaf Symptoms of P. ramorum
Rhododendrons in Europe
USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 28 Rhododendron
Photo: Everett Hansen, Oregon State University
Rhododendron macrophyllum USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 29 Rhododendron
Photo: Jennifer Parke, Oregon State University Rhododendron ‘Unique’ USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 30 Rhododendron
Foliar blight caused by Phytophthora species
Photo: Mike Benson, NCSU
USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 31 Rhododendron
Foliar blight caused by Phytophthora syringae
Photo: Jay Pscheidt, Oregon State University USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 32 Rhododendron
Abiotic Diseases of Rhododendron
Photo: Steve Tjosvold, UCCE USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 33 Rhododendron
Phytophthora root rot - not caused by P. ramorum
Photo: Jay Pscheidt, Oregon State University USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 34 Rhododendron
Sun scorch
Photo: Rich Regan, Oregon State University Gray blight can develop on sun scorched rhododendron leaves
USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 35 PierisPieris
Photo: Oregon Dept. Pieris japonica of Agriculture
USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 36 PierisPieris
Pieris japonica
Photo: Oregon Dept. of Agriculture
USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 37 ViburnumViburnum
Viburnum x bodnantense ‘’Dawn’
Photo: Oregon Dept. of Agriculture
USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 38 ViburnumViburnum
Viburnum x bodnantense ‘Dawn’ Photo: Oregon Dept. of Agriculture
USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 39 ViburnumViburnum
Viburnum plicatum tomentosum ‘Mariesii’
Photo: Jennifer Parke, Oregon State University
USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 40 ViburnumViburnum
stem canker
Photo: Sabine Werres, Institut für Pflanzenschutz im Gartenbau, Germany USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 41 ViburnumViburnum
USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 42 Kalmia (Mountain Laurel)
Photo: DEFRA
USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 43 Kalmia (Mountain Laurel)
Photos: J. Fallacy, WSDA
USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 44 Kalmia (Mountain Laurel)
Similar symptoms – submit sample
Kalmia latifolia (mountainPhoto: Robert laurel) Linderman, USDA-ARS
USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 45 Kalmia (Mountain Laurel)
SimilarSimilar symptomssymptoms –– submitsubmit samplesample
Kalmia latifolia (mountain laurel)
Photo: Peter Angwin, USDA-Forest Service USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 46 Syringa (Lilac)
Photo: Alexandra Schlenzig, Scottish Agricultural Science Agency
USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 47 Conifers
Grand fir Douglas-fir
Photo: Santa Clara Co. (CA) Agriculture Dept. & Dave Rizzo, UC Davis USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 48 For More Information
• APHIS: www.aphis.usda.gov/ppq/ispm/pramorum
• California Oak Mortality Task Force: www.suddenoakdeath.org
•NCIPM: www.ncipm.org/sod
USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 49