Symptoms of P. ramorum As Sudden Oak Death and Ramorum Blight/Dieback Contents • Symptoms of P. ramorum as Sudden Oak Death • Sudden Oak Death • Sudden Oak Death Look-a-Likes • Other Forest Hosts • Symptoms of P. ramorum as Ramorum Blight/Dieback • Blight and Dieback Hosts • Viburnum • Camellia • Kalmia (Mountain laurel) • Rhododendron • Syringa (Lilac) •Pieris • Conifers USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 2 Phytophthora ramorum Diseases • Sudden Oak Death – Red oak group hosts and tanoak – Stem lesions beneath the bark – May bleed or ooze – Can kill adult plants • Phytophthora ramorum Foliar Blight – Non-oak hosts – Spots and blotches on leaves – Shoot dieback – Can kill juvenile plants, occasionally mature plants USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 3 Sudden Oak Death • Sudden Oak Death affects members of the oak family (Fagaceae) – True oaks (Quercus spp.) – Tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus) – Chestnut (Castanea) [Europe only] – Beech (Fagus) [Europe only] USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 4 Sudden Oak Death P. ramorum on coast live oak Photo: Pavel Svihra, UC Cooperative Extension USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 5 Sudden Oak Death Tree Death From the Top Down USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 6 Sudden Oak Death Natural Reservoir Phytophthora ramorum infection on the leaves of California bay laurel (Umbellularia californica) Photo: Joseph O’Brien, USDA-Forest Service USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 7 Sudden Oak Death ‘Bleeding’ canker on tree trunk • ‘Bleeding’ or oozing on the bark • Not associated with cracks in bark or insect holes • Usually on the lower 6 ft. of tree trunks Photo: Garbelotto lab, UC Berkeley USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 8 Sudden Oak Death “bleeding” Photos: Mike McWilliams, ODF & Bruce Moltzen, Missouri Dept. of Conservation USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 9 Sudden Oak Death Photo: Dave Rizzo, Cankers (in inner UC Davis bark) are surrounded by a black line USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 10 Sudden Oak Death outer bark inner bark Photo: Bruce Moltzen, Missouri Department of Conservation USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 11 SuddenSudden OakOak DeathDeath LookLook--aa--LikesLikes • Bacterial wetwood • Boring insects • Mechanical injury • Fungi USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 12 SuddenSudden OakOak DeathDeath LookLook--aa--LikesLikes Similar symptoms – not P. ramorum outer bark inner bark Bleeding canker caused by Armillaria Photo: Steve Oak, USDA-Forest Service USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 13 SuddenSudden OakOak DeathDeath LookLook--aa--LikesLikes Similar symptoms – not P. ramorum outer bark inner bark Bleeding canker caused by inner-bark boring insect Photo: Steve Oak, USDA-Forest Service USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 14 SuddenSudden OakOak DeathDeath LookLook--aa--LikesLikes outer bark inner bark Bleeding canker caused by Inonotus hispidus Photo: Steve Oak, USDA-Forest Service USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 15 Blight and Dieback Hosts Selected Hosts: • Camellia • Pyracantha • Rhododendron • Honeysuckle •Pieris •Yew •Viburnum • Douglas-fir • Kalmia (Mountain • Grand fir laurel) • Coast redwood • Syringa (Lilac) USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 16 Camellias • Symptoms can be subtle – Pin head lesions • Look for irregular- shaped brown lesions on the leaves • Sometimes only the tips of leaves are brown • Look for lower leaves that have fallen off USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 Photo: Cheryl Blomquist, CDFA 17 Camellias Photos: Oregon Dept. of Agriculture & Cheryl Blomquist, CDFA USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 18 Camellias Pin head lesions USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 19 Camellias Photo: Cheryl Blomquist, CDFA USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 20 Camellias Older Symptoms USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 21 Camellias Tomas Pastalka, CDFA Sunscald on Camellia USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 22 Camellias Leaf Drop USDA APHIS PPQ USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 23 Camellias Recent Symptoms Have More Diffuse Edges and Water Soaked Appearance USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 24 Camellias Sun scorch on camellia Photo: Carrie Harmon, University of Florida USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 25 Rhododendron Dave Rizzo, UCD Phytophthora ramorum- Infected Rhododendron leaves Tim Tidwell, CDFA USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 26 Rhododendron Rhododendron macrophyllum Shoot dieback Foliar blight Foliar blight USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 Photo: Everett Hansen, Oregon State University 27 Rhododendron Stem Canker and Leaf Symptoms of P. ramorum Rhododendrons in Europe USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 28 Rhododendron Photo: Everett Hansen, Oregon State University Rhododendron macrophyllum USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 29 Rhododendron Photo: Jennifer Parke, Oregon State University Rhododendron ‘Unique’ USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 30 Rhododendron Foliar blight caused by Phytophthora species Photo: Mike Benson, NCSU USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 31 Rhododendron Foliar blight caused by Phytophthora syringae Photo: Jay Pscheidt, Oregon State University USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 32 Rhododendron Abiotic Diseases of Rhododendron Photo: Steve Tjosvold, UCCE USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 33 Rhododendron Phytophthora root rot - not caused by P. ramorum Photo: Jay Pscheidt, Oregon State University USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 34 Rhododendron Sun scorch Photo: Rich Regan, Oregon State University Gray blight can develop on sun scorched rhododendron leaves USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 35 PierisPieris Photo: Oregon Dept. Pieris japonica of Agriculture USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 36 PierisPieris Pieris japonica Photo: Oregon Dept. of Agriculture USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 37 ViburnumViburnum Viburnum x bodnantense ‘’Dawn’ Photo: Oregon Dept. of Agriculture USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 38 ViburnumViburnum Viburnum x bodnantense ‘Dawn’ Photo: Oregon Dept. of Agriculture USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 39 ViburnumViburnum Viburnum plicatum tomentosum ‘Mariesii’ Photo: Jennifer Parke, Oregon State University USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 40 ViburnumViburnum stem canker Photo: Sabine Werres, Institut für Pflanzenschutz im Gartenbau, Germany USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 41 ViburnumViburnum USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 42 Kalmia (Mountain Laurel) Photo: DEFRA USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 43 Kalmia (Mountain Laurel) Photos: J. Fallacy, WSDA USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 44 Kalmia (Mountain Laurel) Similar symptoms – submit sample Kalmia latifolia (mountainPhoto: Robert laurel) Linderman, USDA-ARS USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 45 Kalmia (Mountain Laurel) SimilarSimilar symptomssymptoms –– submitsubmit samplesample Kalmia latifolia (mountain laurel) Photo: Peter Angwin, USDA-Forest Service USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 46 Syringa (Lilac) Photo: Alexandra Schlenzig, Scottish Agricultural Science Agency USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 47 Conifers Grand fir Douglas-fir Photo: Santa Clara Co. (CA) Agriculture Dept. & Dave Rizzo, UC Davis USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 48 For More Information • APHIS: www.aphis.usda.gov/ppq/ispm/pramorum • California Oak Mortality Task Force: www.suddenoakdeath.org •NCIPM: www.ncipm.org/sod USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 15 Aug 05 49.