Anglo-Saxon Sagas

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Anglo-Saxon Sagas T H E N L O - X N A G S A O S A G A S . A N G L O - S A X O N S A G A S ; AN E XAM I NAT I O N O F T H E I R V A L U E A S A I D S T O H I S T O R Y ; BRIT AIN BY THE SAXONS . I I B Y D A N E L H . H A G H . Hic ra es o nlos ue vides uos e fa ti g p p q , q al a Extulit et ress it sed his metit a u ur . p , ab f t a — AS pice q uo devenere pote ntes ice ua mib ili si t h onor l ux loria mundi Asp q m , , g . N Y O N N HE R F HU TI GDO N . L O N D O N J O H N R E L L M I T U S S S H , 36 S S A . , O H O Q U R E 1 86 1 . T O JOSEPH MAYE R . M A SI R Y DE R , TRANGE as the theory which is advocated in th e followin g pages may appear, it is advanced In with an entire conviction of its truth . part, — as far as it relates to the Scyldings and their settlements Northu mbria —it the in , has been already submitted to - ou - a b Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle Tyne , and an t strac from my papers, accompanied by illustrative notes L n ff . o sta e a from the pen of their able secretary , Mr g , has p ar a re r pe ed in their Transactions . These notes incorpo ated in the present work , together with other valuable informa tion kindly furnished by him to me . Under any circumstances , we have reason to be proud of these noble remains of the poetry of our forefathers ; but our n i terest in them must be greatly increased, when we discover that they are based, not on mythological superstitions, but i on h storical facts ; that they relate to a period, not of inde a will find this little book , as a key to these sag your acceptance , I Sir remain, my dear , V ery faithfully yours, DANI EL H r J 27th 18 6 1 E dington , uly , . C N T N T O E S . CHAPT ER I . HE chronicled history of the fifth century is imper feet T he Anglo - Saxon sagas partly supply what is wanting T he r r poem of Beowulf. Opinions with ega d to its r n - r o igi , and subject matte Its r r r inte nal evidence p oves , that it was o iginally composed in orthumbr1a r N , about the middle of the sixth centu y ’ The r T r r T Lament of Deo , the avelle s ale, and the Saga of Wald re a r he , lso belong to England , and enable us to unde stand the later T eutonic sagas . T he er r r s latt appea to have been founded on t adition , which passed from England to the continent in the sixth century A parallel to this theory in the circumstances of the Heliand I n r a e dl r the Nibelungen se ies , old s gas have b en designe y transfo med into me re romances T he r r r r histo ic value ofBeowulf suppo ted , in one instance , by G ego y of T ours A II CH PTER . The story of Scyld Scefing r r r ZEthelwe ard r T his sto y app op iated by , William of Malmsbu y, ur Sceaf A and Simeon of D ham , to , the head of the nglo Saxon genealogy fin e to Scyld Sce g and Beowulf of the po m , have nothing do with cea f S celdw a Be aw a l S , , and , of the genea ogy H e al fden e o Beowulf, , and his sons , a c ntinuous descent CONT ENT S . r r A - The sto y of Scyld, pu ely nglo Saxon fde n e r r orthumb ria Scyld Beowulf and Heal , p obably eigned in N , , H r mod r Healfdene Si emu nd e e , (appa ently a son of ) , and g Heorogar and Hrothgar ’ r r r r Hrothga s esidence , at Ha t in Du ham Feud with the Beards Grendel ’ r s T he court of Hrothga , at the time of Beowulf visit Later fortunes of this family CHAPTER I II . The fight at Finnesh am CHAPT ER IV . Hre thel r a te , king of the Geats, p obably one of the ssocia s of Henc r for i Y r r ff gest, esided a t me in o kshi e, and then went to Su olk r Hereb eald Haeth c n H ela c His child en , , y and yg H l r n n Haethcyn and yge ac succeeded him . T hei feud with O ge theow and the Sweos ’ Hygelac s fall in battle with the Franks A CH PTER V . Waermu n d - An r r , king of the West gles, eigned at Wa wick T wo of his nobles endeavoured to set aside the succession of his son Of r r fa, on the g ound of physical incapacity , we e defeated in r r council , appealed to a ms , and pe ished in battle ’ T he r esult of this battle was an extension of Waarmu n d s territory . Its scene identified on the border s of Gloucestershire and Ox fordshir e 52 , ‘ e mu n d r r r fia i an d esigned the gove nment in favou of O , d ed, was buried at Gloucester ’ T h e story of Offa s queen A T CH P ER V I . T hree versions of the story of Hor n He atholaf r r Y r , his fathe , eigned in o kshire His death T he fortunes of Horn T CON ENT S . 1X A T I CH P ER V I . Beowulf adopted by Hrethel ; his a quatic contest with Brecca Accompanied Hygelac in his expedition against the Sw eos 1 Heort r e r rn His voyage to , conflict with G end l , and etu Was admitte d by Hygelac to partnership in th e kingdom ’ T ook part in Hygelac s expedition against the Fr anks i n the r e Refused to take the kingdom nto his own ha d, to p ejudic ’ hi s He ardr ed a ter H elac s of cousin , f yg death ’ e r r er Heardred s B came sole ule of the Geats, aft death At feud with the Wiwings ’ r r Sc ldin s r ro r Called to eign ove the y g , afte the fall of H thga s r T h rr E o I a ace . e a ival of ppa and d ’ Ida s r eig n in Bernicia ’ Beowu lf s adventure with a dragon his death T he scene of this adventure identified T he death of Beowulf immediately preceded the accession of JElle ; he was probably of the same race Wi laf Weoh stan g , the son of E ofer Wonred Wulf and , the sons of V h r r Ur Rhe ed l , the adve sa y of ien of g Connection of the heroes of the poem of B eowulf with the ancestors of five of the Anglo - Saxon royal dyn asties The succession of the first sovereign s of Deira and Bernicia (Note to pag e 7 5) I h e id th th e eed h ch th e co le ed on th e orks r co s av sa at sp at w i b s, us Y hi e a t, ” can ai ir i d i s o ei m e h our. i h or i e th e s l , with a fa w n , ab ut ght il s an E g t n n , was n er to u er on h i h e d ddres ed to rien d re de on th e co s wh o a sw a q y t s a , a s a f si nt a t, der ed h is in orm o rom th e fi sh er e h em e e i or to h om I iv f ati n f m n t s lv s ; but a sa l , w u t th e same a nd wh o w a s le like h th e fi h ermen to i e a o ra e e i p , ss ly t an s g v a f v u bl st m e of th e ilin o er of h eir cr d e e an d h i I hin k is r h e at sa g p w s t aft, sai s v n t s t at r u n der h e m k o e er ce th e o e to e 7 5 r ed I h t r . e me a H w v , sin n t pag was p int , av t w i h o e hi h ich I h a d re io s o er ooked an d h ch i e t s m t ng w p v u ly v l , w i w ll nable us to ’ i ud e h e d s e form a more prec se j gm nt as to t spee of Beowulf s ve s l .
Recommended publications
  • TERMS for ​BEOWULF Wyrd
    TERMS FOR BEOWULF ​ Wyrd: a concept in Anglo­Saxon culture roughly corresponding to fate or an individual’s destiny ​ (derived from weorþan, which means “to become.” ​ ​ Comitatus: The bond / contract between the Chieftan/Lord and his vassals. The Lord’s vassals ​ are a band of loyal/noble followers; men who have sworn to defend the Chieftan with their lives in exchange for protection, victory, and spoils. TRADITIONALLY, in this relationship, the vassals promise at least 40 days of military service, money for the Lord’s eldest daughter’s dowry, money if the Lord’s eldest son is knighted, money if the lord goes on a crusade, money for the Lord’s ransom if he is captured, advice if asked. Symbel – a rite of Anglo­Saxon paganism – sometimes referred to as a “drinking rite.” It is a ​ symbolic ritualistic celebration. During this celebration, attendees are seated by order/rank of importance. The ritual begins with a FORESPEECH in which the host welcomes his guests and provides context/reason for the gathering. It is followed by the POURING, which is when the Lady of the house pours mead to the men – in order of rank. She starts by pouring mead into the horn. This act represents the idea of “watering the world tree” and bringing the past to the present. Once the POURING is complete, the FULLS commences. The FULLS is a series of boasts about the three most important gods to the situation at hand. The FULLS is followed by the MINNI, which is a toast to dead ancestors. Next comes the GIFT­GIVING when the host presents important/worthy attendees with gifts to recognize them.
    [Show full text]
  • University Microfilms, a XEROX Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan
    71- 12,581 KELLY, John Thomas , 1937- STUDIES IN BEOWULF CRITICISM. The University of Oklahoma, Ph.D., 1971 Language and Literature, general University Microfilms, A XEROX Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED THE UNIVERSITY OP OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE STUDIES IN BEOWULF CRITICISM A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY BY JOHN THOMAS KELLY Norman, Oklahoma 1970 STUDIES IN BEOWULF CRITICISM APPROVED BY 1 DISSERTATION COMMITTEE .ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My thanks to those who read my dissertation and approved it, to those who typed and proof read it, and to those others who worried over it, about it, and about me. I especially acknowledge the aid of Rudolph C. Bambas, my committee chairman and master; the kindness of the members of my committee: Paul George Euggiers, Jack Lehmer Kendell, Roy Raymond Male, and Roy J. Pearcy; and the endless editorial and secretarial assistance of Gloriana St. Clair. iii TABLE OP CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS........................... Ill Chapter I. THE MANUSCHIPT, EABLY EDITIONS, AND THE BEGINNINGS OP CRITICISM ............ 1 II. THE YEARS BETWEEN THE WA R S ......... 30 III. 1940-19601 THE ERA OP AESTHETICS . 93 IV, 1 9 6 0'S: CONCLUSION................ 157 A SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY.................... 171 STUDIES IN BEOWULF CRITICISM CHAPTER I THE MANUSCRIPT, EARLY EDITIONS, AND THE BEGINNINGS OP CRITICISM The Anglo-Saxon manuscript commonly known as Beowulf probably entered England in oral form with the immigrants, traders, and mercenaries who came to England in the Sixth and Seventh Centuries. In its earliest English form, it prob­ ably consisted of several completely independent lays, at least one of which dealt with a version of the story of the Bear's Son present in several forms in pre-literary Germanic culture.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 3.1 the New Money System
    Chapter 3.1 The New Money System H.G. Wells became a prophet. He felt his apocalyptic vision for mankind could be turned around if society would adopt his plans for a Utopia run by a benevolent dictatorship. This benevolent dictatorship would largely rule through a public-spirited quasi- religious order of technicians who would "pander to all your worst instincts."1 He refers to them as "an elite of intelligent religious-minded people."2 However,religious in what way? A New Religion based on Eastern mysticism. This "new religion" ... would sweep away old institutions and usher in a new world order that would save the human race. "The conspiracy of modern religion against the established institutions of the world must be an open conspiracy..." H.G. Wells saw the religion of the New Order as a less-secret form of Freemasonry. The video "Things to Come" made from the film based on his book The Shape of Things to Come is available for viewing from larger video stores. In the movie, a reference is made to "the science of Freemasonry." Intelligent, often wealthy men who constituted a scientifically trained functional class with a global view would rule as a service-elite. (Where have you heard we are moving toward a service economy before?) Wells describes this, "In its more developed phases I seem to see the new republic as...a sort of outspoken secret society, with which even the prominent men of the ostensible state may be openly affiliated....The new republicans will constitute an informal and open freemasonry." No wonder the Freemasons hail him as their prophet.
    [Show full text]
  • A Concise Dictionary of Middle English
    A Concise Dictionary of Middle English A. L. Mayhew and Walter W. Skeat A Concise Dictionary of Middle English Table of Contents A Concise Dictionary of Middle English...........................................................................................................1 A. L. Mayhew and Walter W. Skeat........................................................................................................1 PREFACE................................................................................................................................................3 NOTE ON THE PHONOLOGY OF MIDDLE−ENGLISH...................................................................5 ABBREVIATIONS (LANGUAGES),..................................................................................................11 A CONCISE DICTIONARY OF MIDDLE−ENGLISH....................................................................................12 A.............................................................................................................................................................12 B.............................................................................................................................................................48 C.............................................................................................................................................................82 D...........................................................................................................................................................122
    [Show full text]
  • A Translation of the Anglo-Saxon Poem of Beowulf
    <36609035.8800 18 /\ - <36609035.8800 18 Bayer. Staatsbibliothek A TRANSLATION OF THE ANGLO-SAXON POEM OF B E O W U L F WITH A COPIOUS GLOSSA R Y PREFACE AND PHILOLOGICAL NOTES BY JOHN M. KEMBLE ESQ. M. A. of TRINITY COLLEGE CAMBRIDGE LONDON WILLIAM PICKERING 1837 Bi is LIOTHECA l{FGLA ViONACENSIS. c. whitti Ngh AM, rooks court, CHANCERY i.A.N.E. TO JAMES GRIMM. ABBREVIATIONS, &c. MADE USE OF IN WOLUME II. AElf. Gen. ......... AElfric's Genesis, &c. in Thwaite's Heptateuch. Agricola............. German Proverbs. Alt Platd. Ged. ... Bruns. Alt Platdeutsche Ge— dichte. Anal. ............... Analecta Anglo-Saxonica, by Thorpe. A. S. ............... Anglo-Saxon. B. F. Bat. F. ...... Battle of Finnesburh. Bed. ............... AElfred's Beda, by Smith. Ben. Beyt. ......... Benecke. Beyträge, &c. Bibl. Publ. ......... MS. in the Cambridge University Library. Boet. Boeth. ...... Alfred's Boetius, by Rawlinson. Caed. Caedm. ...... Caedmon, by Thorpe. Cod. Ex............. Codex Exoniensis, from the copy among the Additional MSS. of the Brit. Mus. Cod. Verc. ......... Codex Vercellensis. Poetical frag ments at Vercelli. Cöln. Reimch....... Reimchronik der Stadt Cöln, by van Groot. D. G. ............... Deutsche Grammatik, by Grimm N.B. this work is sometimes re ferred to by the name Grimm. D. H. S. ............ Deutsche Heldensage, by W. Grimm. ABBREVIATIONs, &c. D. M. ............... Deutsche Mythologie, by Grimm. D. R. A............. Deutsche Rechtsalterthümer, by Grimm. Diut. ............... Diutiska, by Graff. Ed. Sam. ......... Edda Saemundar hinns Froda. 3 vols. 4to. Ed. Snor............. Edda Snorrii. the prose Edda. Falck ............ ... Staatsbürgerliche Magazin, by Falck. Fornald. Sög. ...... Fornaldar Sögur. edited by Rafn for the Antiquarian Society of Copenhagen. Fornm. Sög.
    [Show full text]
  • Affective Criticism, Oral Poetics, and Beowulf's Fight with the Dragon
    Oral Tradition, 10/1 (1995): 54-90 Affective Criticism, Oral Poetics, and Beowulf’s Fight with the Dragon Mark C. Amodio I Affective criticism, as it has been practiced over the last few years, has come to focus upon the reader’s (or audience’s) subjective experience of a given literary work.1 Rather than examining the text qua object, affective criticism (like all subjective criticism) has abandoned the objectivism and textual reification which lay at the heart of the New Critical enterprise, striving instead to lead “one away from the ‘thing itself’ in all its solidity to the inchoate impressions of a variable and various reader” (Fish 1980:42).2 Shifting the critical focus away from the text to the reader has engendered 1 Iser, one of the leading proponents of reader-based inquiry, offers the following succinct statement of the logic underlying his and related approaches: “[a]s a literary text can only produce a response when it is read, it is virtually impossible to describe this response without also analyzing the reading process” (1978:ix). Iser’s emphasis on the reader’s role and on the constitutive and enabling functions inherent in the act of reading are shared by many other modern theorists despite their radical differences in methodologies, aims, and conclusions. See especially Culler (1982:17-83), and the collections edited by Tompkins (1980) and Suleiman and Crosman (1980). 2 The New Criticism has generally warned against inscribing an idiosyncratic, historically and culturally determined reader into a literary text because doing so would lead to subjectivism and ultimately to interpretative chaos.
    [Show full text]
  • Download This PDF File
    epiphany Online Journal of the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences International University of Sarajevo ISSN 1840-3719 / Volume 1 / No. 1 Fall 2008 The Concept of God in Beowulf and The Book of Dede Korkut Hülya Taflı Erciyes University Epic is an extended narrative poem, grand in scope, exalted in style, and heroic in theme, often giving expression to the ideals of a nation or race (Legouis: 1943: 22). Although the locations and the eras of the epics differ, the similarities of conditions bring them into existence. In this article Beowulf, the English epic, and The Book of Dede Korkut, the Turkish epic, are going to be compared in order to depict the similarities and the differences of the concept of God in different locations and eras. The geographical location of Beowulf is in the northwest of England and The Book of Dede Korkut is is in the north of Anatolia. Orchard states that the geographical location of Beowulf is around the Baltic Sea and the North Sea where the Swedes, Jutes, Geats, Danes, Angles, Heathobards and Frisians lived (2003: xiii). When these tribes are compared chronologically, it can be seen that the Angles were highly influenced by the Danes, Geats, and other Germanic and Scandinavian tribes. Cherniss asserts that these tribes may be considered to be the ancestors of the English; the scops may have travelled among the tribes of Germania and the documents of the travels highlight the ancestors of the English (1972: 14). On the other hand the geographical location of The Book of Dede Korkut is around the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea, in what is today Asia.
    [Show full text]
  • Sidelights on Teutonic History During the Migration Period
    SIDELIGHTS ON TEUTONIC HISTORY DURING THE MIGRATION PERIOD M. G. CLARKE ^=00 ICO 'CO GIRTON COLLEGE STUDIES No, III GIRTON COLLEGE STUDIES EDITED BY LILIAN KNOWLES, LITT.D., READER IN ECONOMIC HISTORY IN THE UNIVERSITY OP LONDON No. 3 SIDELIGHTS ON TEUTONIC HISTORY DURING THE MIGRATION PERIOD CAMBEIDGE UNIVERSITY PEESS Edition: FETTER LANE, E.G. C. F. CLAY, MANAGER 100, PRINCES STREET Btrlin : A. ASHER AND CO. leipjifi: F. A. BROCKHAUS #efo 8orh: G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS Bambap. anH Calcutta : MACMILLAN AND CO., LTD. All rights reserved SIDELIGHTS ON TEUTONIC HISTORY DURING THE MIGRATION PERIOD BEING BY M. G. CLARKE, M.A. Cambridge : SEEN BY at the University F ress 1 PRESERVATION 191 SERVICES \\ PR SI PRINTED BY JOHN CLAY, M.A. AT THE UNTVEKSITY PRESS PREFACE following chapters are the outcome of two periods THEof stud}7 undertaken during the tenure of research scholarships awarded by Girton College, and form an attempt to discover the amount of historical truth under lying the allusions to persons and events in the Old English heroic poems. The essay deals with an aspect of these poems, which I has not, so far as know, been treated systematically by- anyone who has previously written on the subject. Thus, in the absence of any model, I have had to work on independent lines, especially as regards the grouping and arrangement of different traditions, and the method of discussion followed in the several chapters. The actual arrangement has been adopted for convenience of discus sion, according to the nationality of the persons concerned, except in cases where a particular section forms a complete epic narrative with a personal (as opposed to a national) interest of its own: in these cases the tradition has been discussed under the heading of the poem in which it is contained, or that of the character round whom the narrative centres.
    [Show full text]
  • Beowulf Thesis Final Draft
    “WHAT KINSHIP SHOULD MEAN:” AN EXAMINATION OF THE ETHNIC AND NATIONALIST THEMES WITHIN BEOWULF ADAPTATIONS An Undergraduate Research Scholars Thesis by CLAIRE NOWKA Submitted to the Undergraduate Research Scholars program at Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the designation as an UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SCHOLAR Approved by Research Advisor: Dr. Britt Mize May 2017 Major: History TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................................1 Thesis Statement ...............................................................................................................1 Theoretical Framework .....................................................................................................1 Project Description ...........................................................................................................1 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .............................................................................................................3 INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................................5 A Question of Kinship .......................................................................................................4 Why Study Adaptations? ...................................................................................................6 Methodology ......................................................................................................................7
    [Show full text]
  • Structure and Unity, by Thomas A. Shippey [Pp. 149-174 in Bjork/Niles 1998)
    Structure and unity, by Thomas A. Shippey [pp. 149-174 in Bjork/Niles 1998) Summary: In the early years of Beowulf scholarship, the poem was seen as so structurally flawed that it must be a product of multiple authorship. Once the poem's unity was conceded, various theories were developed to account for its sud- den changes of time and its many episodes or digressions. It was seen as bipartite, tripartite, arithmetically structured, or deeply affected by folktale; the dominant theory in recent years has, however, been that of interlace, though this approach is still not fully accepted. Chronology 1815: N. F. S. Grundtvig (1815a) declares that the poem is a beautiful and tasteful whole. 1817: On closer inspection, Grundtvig decides that the poem is a spiritual whole but not properly arranged. 1820: Grundtvig criticizes the poem for lack of both external and internal unity and for the use of episodes. 1826: John Josias Conybeare censures the poem for use of digressions and for continuing too long. 1836: John M. Kemble introduces the idea, further repeated in Kemble (1837b), that the poem consists of layers of different date and ori- gin. 1840: Kemble finds further corroboration for his preexisting myth theory in a Wiltshire charter. 1840: Ludwig Ettmüller argues that the poem is an inartistic patchwork and distinguishes original from interpolated lines in his German translation. 1849: Karl Müllenhoff (1849a) attempts to identify the original myth at the heart of the poem. 1862: C. W. M. Grein insists that the poem is the work of a single, skilful poet. 1869: Müllenhoff creates a complex theory of multiple authorship, dis- tinguishing four authors, an author/interpolator A, and a final in- terpolator B.
    [Show full text]
  • Old English Ecologies: Environmental Readings of Anglo-Saxon Texts and Culture
    Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Dissertations Graduate College 12-2013 Old English Ecologies: Environmental Readings of Anglo-Saxon Texts and Culture Ilse Schweitzer VanDonkelaar Western Michigan University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations Part of the Literature in English, British Isles Commons, and the Medieval Studies Commons Recommended Citation VanDonkelaar, Ilse Schweitzer, "Old English Ecologies: Environmental Readings of Anglo-Saxon Texts and Culture" (2013). Dissertations. 216. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations/216 This Dissertation-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. OLD ENGLISH ECOLOGIES: ENVIRONMENTAL READINGS OF ANGLO-SAXON TEXTS AND CULTURE by Ilse Schweitzer VanDonkelaar A dissertation submitted to the Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of English Western Michigan University December 2013 Doctoral Committee: Jana K. Schulman, Ph.D., Chair Eve Salisbury, Ph.D. Richard Utz, Ph.D. Sarah Hill, Ph.D. OLD ENGLISH ECOLOGIES: ENVIRONMENTAL READINGS OF ANGLO-SAXON TEXTS AND CULTURE Ilse Schweitzer VanDonkelaar, Ph.D. Western Michigan University, 2013 Conventionally, scholars have viewed representations of the natural world in Anglo-Saxon (Old English) literature as peripheral, static, or largely symbolic: a “backdrop” before which the events of human and divine history unfold. In “Old English Ecologies,” I apply the relatively new critical perspectives of ecocriticism and place- based study to the Anglo-Saxon canon to reveal the depth and changeability in these literary landscapes.
    [Show full text]
  • Widsith (Text Georgetown.Edu/Labyrinth) Widsiš
    VL OE Literature – Busse – page 1 Widsith (Text georgetown.edu/labyrinth) Transl. soton.ac.uk/~enm/widsith.htm Widsið maðolade, wordhord onleac, Widsith spoke, unlocked his word-hoard, se þe monna mæst mægþa ofer eorþan, he who had travelled most of all men folca geondferde; oft he on flette geþah through tribes and nations across the earth. mynelicne maþþum. Him from Myrgingum Often he had gained great treasure in hall. 5 æþele onwocon. He mid Ealhhilde, He belonged by birth to the Myrging tribe. fælre freoþuwebban, forman siþe Along with Ealhild, the kind peace-weaver, Hreðcyninges ham gesohte for the first time, from the Baltic coast, eastan of Ongle, Eormanrices, he sought the home of Eormanric, wraþes wærlogan. Ongon þa worn sprecan: king of the Ostrogoths, hostile to traitors. 10 "Fela ic monna gefrægn mægþum wealdan! He began then to speak at length: Sceal þeodna gehwylc þeawum lifgan, ‘I have heard of many men who ruled over nations. eorl æfter oþrum eðle rædan, Every leader should live uprightly, se þe his þeodenstol geþeon wile. rule his estates according to custom, þara wæs Hwala hwile selast, if he wants to succeed to a kingly throne. 15 ond Alexandreas ealra ricost Hwala for a time was the best of all, monna cynnes, ond he mæst geþah and Alexander too, the noblest of men, þara þe ic ofer foldan gefrægen hæbbe. who prospered most of all of those ætla weold Hunum, Eormanric Gotum, that I have heard of across the earth. Becca Baningum, Burgendum Gifica. Attila ruled the Huns, Eormanric the Goths, 20 Casere weold Creacum ond Cælic Finnum, Becca the Baningas, Gifica the Burgundians.
    [Show full text]