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Specific Features of English Folklore and Heroism in the Development of English Literature

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Specific Features of English Folklore and Heroism in the Development of English Literature MINSTRY OF HIGHER AND SECONDARY SPECIALIZED EDUCATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN NAMANGAN STATE UNIVERSITY Murodullayeva Sevara Bahodirovna SPECIFIC FEATURES OF ENGLISH FOLKLORE AND HEROISM IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENGLISH LITERATURE 5A120101 – Adabiyotshunoslik (On branches of languages and research) DISSERTATION Presented to obtain master’s degree Namangan – 2014 SPECIFIC FEATURES OF ENGLISH FOLKLORE AND HEROISM IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENGLISH LITERATURE INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………2 CHAPTER I ENGLISH FOLKLORE – MARBLE LINK OF WORLD LITERATURE 1.1. Historical features of English folklore …………7 1.2. The most outstanding folklore examples in English literature CHAPTER II “BEOWULF” – THE EARLIEST EPIC POEM IN ENGLISH FOLKLORE 2.1. Total overview to poem “Beowulf” 2.2. Overview to the literary significance of “Beowulf” 2.3. 2.3. Story of epic poem “Beowulf” CHAPTER III CONCLUSION BIBLIOGRAPHY INTRODUCTION Actuality of theme Under the leadership of our President Islam Karimov great changes happened in social and economical life of our state. On December 6, 2013 in Tashkent, in the Palace of International Forums solemn meeting devoted to the 21th anniversary of the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan was held. The President of Uzbekistan Islam Karimov made a speech at the event and summed up the year - the Year of the welfare and prosperity, as well as he proposed to declare 2014 - the Year of the healthy child (uzb. Sog'lom bola yili). The participants supported the proposal of the head of our state. "Our rapidly changing time, life itself put in front of us more and more extremely important and urgent tasks in the field of education of the young generation" - said in the speech Islam Karimov1. Uzbekistan has entered the Year of the Healthy Child. The government is getting prepared to approve a national program with the priority to medicine, primarily to the services is charge of maternal and child health as fundamentals in strengthening the nation’s gene pool. As Last years’ initiatives will undoubtedly be the platform for the implementation of a new range of measures. Much has been done, and good progress has been made, but there is still much to accomplish, reports Uzbekistan Today News Agency2. This The effectiveness of these measures have already been recognized at the international level. Thus, in a recent statement at the conclusion of the International Monetary Fund noted that Uzbekistan's economy continues to grow rapidly, with strong positions in the fiscal and external sector, stable banking system, low level of public debt, and a cautious approach to foreign borrowing protect the country from negative effects of the global crisis. Stressing that in 2011 the country's GDP grew by 8.3 percent, and for the first nine months of 2012 - up 8.2 percent, the IMF mission among key factors for sustainable economic 1 http://mfa.uz/en/press/news/wellbeing/ 2 http://www.jahonnews.uz/eng/events_and_dates/2014_year_of_healthy_child_2014/ development of Uzbekistan named and economic policy measures with a focus on domestic consumption and investment in leading role of the state. As a result, in recent years, thanks to the full support and strong incentives from the government significantly increased production, expanded the range of food and non-food products and the products manufactured by domestic enterprises. Moreover, not yielding as these products are cheaper than similar, imported by import. And as a consequence, more and more families are getting modern cars, furniture, refrigerators, televisions, washing machines and other household appliances, shoes, clothing, manufactured in Uzbekistan. And recently, as we reported in the country arranged production of mobile phones, the high demand for them is still extremely satisfied by imports3. In consistent realization of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On Education”, National Program of Personnel Training, significant place is reserved for construction of new schools, academic lyceums, vocational colleges, higher education institutions, capital reconstruction and strengthening material-technical base of the existing ones, their provision with modern educational equipment4. The resolution of the President of Uzbekistan “On measures to further improve system of foreign languages teaching” dated from 10 December 2012 is being implemented in whole country. This document serves as an important guideline in development of new textbooks for teaching foreign languages, introduction of advanced teaching methods using modern pedagogical and information-communication technologies, education of a new generation to foreign languages, cardinal improvement of the system of training of specialists, fluent in these languages, creation of conditions and opportunities for wide use of information resources by students. Persistent works on raising awareness of the public concerning the essence and significance of the resolution, ensuring its execution are being carried out. 3 http://ruslanmedia.uz/news/view/606 4 http://www.gov.uz/en/press/society/17255 The interest, rose recently towards English language, the development of international relations on different levels has reasoned the desire to learn as much as possible about the country where this language originated as well as about its culture. Folklore refers to the tradition of telling tales and reliving legends amongst the individuals within a particular country, territory or tribe. This is usually done orally as older generations tell the stories to the younger members of their culture, keeping the traditions alive. As with all folklore, English legends are fantastical in nature, often referring to heroes, villains, ghosts, imps and fairies. England’s folklore has been enriched by several factors. First, its history has been a complex and convoluted one. It has seen many battles, losses, victories, religious revolutions, artistic renaissances and political upheavals. This gives its folklores an element of deep import and nostalgia; some sad, some tragic, and some undeniably comical. Secondly, England has been the land of refuge and desire for many different nations. As each one of these major groups has lived in it, they have left their cultural and historical marks, influencing the locals to a certain degree. With so many influences, the folklore has become a rich source of information, intrigue and resonance. Folklores differ from region to region. Each county has its own brand of fairies, goddesses, heroes, and so on. In times past, folklore was passed down orally, from generation to generation. In this way, it was preserved and protected, and formed an important part of the culture. The storytellers and listeners believed these tales to be true, basing many of their customs and rituals on protecting themselves, appeasing certain gods, keeping imps away, etc...However, as culture has developed and modernized, the folklores are being forgotten and discredited, losing their magical quality. Because it is such an important part of the country’s history, though, many historians are trying to preserve this element by recording as many tales as have been documented or remembered. Some popular folklore tales include: A nocturnal apparition associated with the devil, this character most commonly makes its appearance in the folklore of the British Isles. When the Black Dog ghost was seen, its observers would believe it to be an indication of imminent death. It was larger than a normal dog and its eyes glowed in the darkness of night. It was usually said to be seen in places at which executions had taken place, at crossroads and on old pathways. Tom Thumb is a thumb-sized hero that dates back to the 1500’s. Originally, he was intended to scare children, as horror tales about this tiny mite were told to them by their nursemaids, along with tales of witches, and so on. In the 17th century, tales of him portray him as a hero, rather than as a frightful villain. One of the best known English folklore characters in history, Robin Hood was a hero that stole from the rich and gave to the poor. He lived in Sherwood Forest with his Merry Men. As a gang, they would taunt and terrify the rich aristocrats, who had abused their power to become wealthy and powerful. They would steal their jewels and money and hand it out to those less fortunate. Since this time, many books, films and TV series have been made about this world- renowned folklore hero. The basic purpose of dissertation. Main purpose of research work is to study and research the features of English folklore. Theme of dissertation is included to scientific research plan of chair of English language and lexica and stylistics. Object of research. Main object of research is English folklore. Subject of research is analyses of English folklore in the development pf English literature. Aim and tasks of dissertation. We planned to fulfill the following tasks in research: In the first chapter we decided to make historical overview to role of folklore in the development of world literature. In the second chapter we analyzed the facts about great epic poem “Beowulf” which was the foundation stone of English literature. In the third chapter we planned to learn about literary heroes of English folklore. We tried to analyze some folk ballads/ In conclusion we tried to sum up our opinions. Methods of research. Research was carried on in the method of observation and comparative analyses. Scientific novelty of research. Though considerable scientific researches were carried in the field of literary trends and their history fundamental research on comparative observation of the history English folklore had not been done yet. Theoretical and practical value of research. The results of research can be useful in lessons n the history of literature, poetry theory and others in higher educational institutions. Practical conclusions can be used in further researches. Content of research. Dissertation consists of introduction, three chapters, conclusion and bibliography. CHAPTER I ENGLISH FOLKLORE – MARBLE LINK OF WORLD LITERATURE 1.1. Historical features of English folklore English folklore is the folk tradition which has developed in England over a number of centuries.
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