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A Translation of the Anglo-Saxon Poem of Beowulf

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A Translation of the Anglo-Saxon Poem of Beowulf <36609035.8800 18 /\ - <36609035.8800 18 Bayer. Staatsbibliothek A TRANSLATION OF THE ANGLO-SAXON POEM OF B E O W U L F WITH A COPIOUS GLOSSA R Y PREFACE AND PHILOLOGICAL NOTES BY JOHN M. KEMBLE ESQ. M. A. of TRINITY COLLEGE CAMBRIDGE LONDON WILLIAM PICKERING 1837 Bi is LIOTHECA l{FGLA ViONACENSIS. c. whitti Ngh AM, rooks court, CHANCERY i.A.N.E. TO JAMES GRIMM. ABBREVIATIONS, &c. MADE USE OF IN WOLUME II. AElf. Gen. ......... AElfric's Genesis, &c. in Thwaite's Heptateuch. Agricola............. German Proverbs. Alt Platd. Ged. ... Bruns. Alt Platdeutsche Ge— dichte. Anal. ............... Analecta Anglo-Saxonica, by Thorpe. A. S. ............... Anglo-Saxon. B. F. Bat. F. ...... Battle of Finnesburh. Bed. ............... AElfred's Beda, by Smith. Ben. Beyt. ......... Benecke. Beyträge, &c. Bibl. Publ. ......... MS. in the Cambridge University Library. Boet. Boeth. ...... Alfred's Boetius, by Rawlinson. Caed. Caedm. ...... Caedmon, by Thorpe. Cod. Ex............. Codex Exoniensis, from the copy among the Additional MSS. of the Brit. Mus. Cod. Verc. ......... Codex Vercellensis. Poetical frag ments at Vercelli. Cöln. Reimch....... Reimchronik der Stadt Cöln, by van Groot. D. G. ............... Deutsche Grammatik, by Grimm N.B. this work is sometimes re ferred to by the name Grimm. D. H. S. ............ Deutsche Heldensage, by W. Grimm. ABBREVIATIONs, &c. D. M. ............... Deutsche Mythologie, by Grimm. D. R. A............. Deutsche Rechtsalterthümer, by Grimm. Diut. ............... Diutiska, by Graff. Ed. Sam. ......... Edda Saemundar hinns Froda. 3 vols. 4to. Ed. Snor............. Edda Snorrii. the prose Edda. Falck ............ ... Staatsbürgerliche Magazin, by Falck. Fornald. Sög. ...... Fornaldar Sögur. edited by Rafn for the Antiquarian Society of Copenhagen. Fornm. Sög. ...... Fornmanna Sögur. id. A Gärtner Dict. Prov. Dicteria Proverbialia, by Gärtner. Got. Goth. ......... Gothic. Gr. Ruo. ............ Grave Ruodolf, by W. Grimm. Greg. ............... AElfred's Pastorale Gregorii, MS. Bibl. Publ. Cambridge. Grimm............... Deutsche Grammatik. Grüter. Flor. ...... Florilegium Ethico-Politicum, by Grüter. Hél. Hélj. ......... Héljand, by Schmeller. Hept. ............... Heptateuchus Anglo-Saxonicus, by Thwaites. Hild. L. ............ Hildebrands Lied, either by the Grimms or Lachmann. Howel................ Collection of Proverbs. Jam. Etym. D. ... Jamieson. Etymological Diction ary of the Scottish Language. Ker. .................. The old German Glosses of Kero. J. ........ ... The line of Beöwulf. Ll. A.S. ............ Gesetze der Angel-Sachsen, by Schmit. Laj................... Lajamon. Leibn... ... Leibnitz. Scriptores Rer. Germ. M. E. .......... ..... Middle English, from Chaucertill Henry the VIIIth. ABBREVIATIONS, &c. Men...... ........... Menologium Saxonicum, by Fox. Mhd. ............... Middle high dutch. German from the xiith till the xvth century. Minne Sänger. ... Latin of the lower Empire. Mld....... .... Middle Low Dutch. Mnl................... Middle Netherlandish, the lan guage of Holland in the xvth century. Mone. ............... Mone Quellen und Forschungen &c. Musp. ............... Muspilli, by Schmeller. N. E. ... .... New English. Neoc. ............... Neocorus. Chronicle of Ditmarsh, by Dahlmann. Nhd. ............... New high dutch. German from the time of Luther. Nib. L. Nib. N.... Nibelungen Lied, or Nibelunge Nôt, by Lachmann. Notker. Old English, from the breaking up of the A. S. till the time of Chaucer. O. Fr. ............... Old French. - ... Old Friesic. ... Old high Dutch. German from the viiith till the xiith century. ... Old Norse. Icelandic. Old Saxon, the language of the Nordalbingians. ... AElfred's Orosius, by Barrington. Otfrid's Krist, by Graff. Wolfram v. Eschenbach's Parzn val, by Lachmann. ... Alfred's Pastorale Greg. vid. Greg. ... Pertz. Monumenta Germ. Med. AEvi. ABBREVIATIONS, &c. P. Plow. ... Piers Plowman's Vision. Psalt. .. ... Anglo-Saxon Psalter, by Thorpe. R. F. .. ... Reinhart Fuchs, by Grimm. Ray......... ... Collection of Proverbs. Sal. Sat. ............ Poetical dialogue of Salomon and Saturn. MS. in C. C. C. Camb. Schmel. Wört....... Bºian Dictionary, by Schmel er. Schmit. ............. Anglo-Saxon Laws, by Schmit. Spangenb. Arch.... Spangenberg's Archiv. &c. T. S................... Traveller's Song. Tac.................. Tacitus. Wack. A. D. L.... Alt Deutsche Lesebuch, by Wac kernagel. Wilk. S. ............ Wilkina Saga. There are many other references which require no particular explanation: thus MSS. in the Brit. Mus. are cited by their classmark or number in the Cotton or Harleian Collections. The English Chronicles are enerally quoted from the only printed editions we have. §. Aggonis, the Chronicle of Eric, &c. are found in Langebek Scriptores Rerum Danicarum, and the Sögur of the Heims Kringla are taken from the last great folio edition. Various ballads of the Edda ap pear by their individual names; so also various Sögur which are embodied in the excellent collections of Rafn. POSTSCRIPT TO THE PREFACE. THE object of the preface to the first volume was two-fold; I wished in the first place to give some account of the princes mentioned in the poem, and the more so, because scarcely any one seemed to be aware who they were, or whether any other accounts of them were in existence; next I desired to show that the poem was essentially an Angle one, that is to say, that it belonged to the poetical cycle of the Angles, and that it was founded upon legends far older than the date of the MS. which con tained it, nay which existed previous to the Angle conquest of Britain. Neither of these objects was satisfactorily attained; want of space and the pressure of other matter compelled me to assign very narrow limits to an enquiry of which I at that time hardly saw all the im portance; perhaps I had not defined to myself with sufficient accuracy what the limits of my enquiry ought to be: but that which was most injurious in its operation was that I proceeded upon a basis essentially false. The works which I made use of, and more especially Suhm's History of Denmark, laborious as they are, are subject to one serious reproach: they treat mythic and wºm matters as ascer ii POSTSCRIPT TO tained history; it is the old story of the Mi nos, Lycurgus, or Numa of antiquity, new furbished up for us in the North. The mis chief of this confined and false way of pro ceeding need hardly be dilated upon here; it brings with it, as a necessary consequence, the most violent straining of legends, number less repetitions of traditional heroes, numberless minglings and meltings down of the most hete rogeneous materials, and the poor flimsy whole which thus arises from the sacrifice of invalu able individualities betrays, in its endless seams and crevices, the wretched patchwork of the manufacture. The twelfth century is most dis tinguished for this sort of criticism; the new creed had already destroyed that living interest in the Gods and heroes of our forefathers which tended to keep the minutest details of their legends distinct and free from all confusion: while the God Woden existed, it belonged to his godhead that at various times and places he mingled in the affairs of men, guided their hosts in battle, and appeared as the adviser or threatener of various royal races: once a hero, a magician, a king of Turkey (Tyrkjakontingr) having time and space to confine him, the various legends in which he appeared must be forced together, or half a dozen different Wodens must be assumed, to account for his agency at the different times and places. The last scheme is that adopted by Suhm, who in common with very many of his countrymen, pays a slavish and uncritical homage to the middle-age writers of Denmark. With an in sight expanded by a far more close acquaint - THE PREFACE. iii ance with the mythic history of the North, I cannot suffer the erroneous views developed in my preface to continue as my recorded opinion, uncorrected, and unrefuted: it is due not only to myself, but to those who interest themselves with the antiquities of our native land, to cut away, root and branch, whatever is false in what I have published, and to add what upon maturer consideration seems likely to throw light upon the obscure and difficult subject with which we have to deal. The introductory canto of the poem is de voted to the mythic hero Scyld, the descendant of Sceaf (for the patronymic Scéfing does not of itself imply so near a relationship as that of father and son, although it is probable that this was contemplated by the poet). Both Sceáf and Scyld occur in the mythic genealo gies of the Saxon Kings, among the remote ancestor of Wöden, and it will not be difficult to show that they are the heroes of our poem. Of Sceaf it is related, that he was exposed as a child in an ark upon the waters, with a sheaf (A.S. sceáf) of corn at his head, whence his name: that the waves bore him upon the coast of Slesvig, and that being looked upon as a prodigy, and carefully educated, he finally be came sovereign of the land. The principal passages from which we learn these details are he following: “Ipse Scéf cum uno dromone advectus est in insulam oceani quae dicitur Scani, armis cir cumdatus, erataue valde recens puer, et ab incolis illius terrae ignotus, attamen ab eis sus cipitur, et ut familiarem diligenti animo eum iv POSTSCRIPT TO custodiunt, et post in regem eligunt.” (Aethelw. Bk. 3. ch. 3.) “ Iste (Sceâf) ut fertur, in quandam insu lam Germaniae Scandzam, de qua Jordanes, historiographus Gothorum, loquitur, appulsus navi sine remige puerulus, posito ad caput frumenti manipulo, ideoque Sceâf nuncupatus, ab hominibus regionis illius pro miraculo ex ceptus, et sedulo nutritus, adulta ætate regnavit in oppido quod tunc Slasvic, nunc vero Haithe by appellatur: est autem regio illa Anglia vetus dicta, unde Angli venerunt in Britanniam, inter Saxones et Gothos constituta.” (Gul. IMeld. Bk. 2. c. 2. MS. Bibl. Publ. Cant. Ii. 2. 3. fol. 63, with whom Sim. Dunelm. agrees word for word. MS. Bibl. Publ. Ff. 1. 27. fol. 128.) A still more important, although late MS.
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