BAMAKO (Mali) B) NAFADJI & KOUREMALE (Guinea) to BAMAKO (Mali) C) BAMAKO (Mali) to GAO (Mali) D) GAO (Mali) to TAMANRASSET (Algeria) 3

REGIONAL MIGRATION REPORT

West and Central Africa October – December 2017

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION DTM ACTIVITIES IN Author: Information Management Unit, Regional Office for West and Central Africa THE REGION ARE Contact: [email protected] Website: www.globaldtm.info / www.displacement.iom.int SUPPORTED BY: REPORT #4 — PAGE 1 OCT — DEC 2017

© International Organization for Migration (IOM) March 2018 Permission is required to reproduce any part of this publication. Permission will be freely granted to educational or non-profit organizations.

Please contact: The opinions expressed in the report are those of the authors and do not necessarily Regional Office for West and Central Africa reflect the views of the International Organization for Migration (IOM). The designations Zone 3, Route des Almadies, Dakar - Sénégal BP 16 838 employed and the presentation of material throughout the report do not imply the Tel : +221 33 869 62 00 - Fax: +221 33 869 62 33 expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IOM concerning the legal status of any Email: RO Dakar - DOE Team [email protected] country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning its frontiers or boundaries. This report, additional online content and corrigenda IOM is committed to the principle that humane and orderly migration benefits migrants are available at: [email protected] and society. As an intergovernmental organization, IOM acts with its partners in the international community to: assist in meeting the operational challenges of migration; advance understanding of migration issues; encourage social and economic development through migration; and uphold the human dignity and well-being of migrants.

CONTENT OF THE REPORT

1. DTM Data collection activities in West and Central Africa 2. FMP Route analysis : a) TAMBACOUNDA (Senegal) to BAMAKO (Mali) b) NAFADJI & KOUREMALE (Guinea) to BAMAKO (Mali) c) BAMAKO (Mali) to GAO (Mali) d) GAO (Mali) to TAMANRASSET (Algeria) 3. FMP Dashboard Mali (October to December 2017) 4. FMP Dashboard Niger (October to December 2017) 5. FMP Dashboard Nigeria (October to December 2017) 6. FMP Dashboard Chad (October to December 2017) 7. FMP Dashboard Burkina Faso (October to December 2017) 8. FMP Dashboard Senegal (October to December 2017) 9. FMP Dashboard Guinea (October to December 2017) 10. Methodology and limitations

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION DTM ACTIVITIES IN [email protected] - www.globaldtm.info THE REGION ARE Credentials: When quoting, paraphrasing or in any way using the information mentioned in this report, the source needs to be stated appropriately as follows: “Source: International Organization for Migration (IOM), (month, year), Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM)”. SUPPORTED BY: REPORT #4 — PAGE 3 1. OVERVIEW OCT — DEC 2017 IOM DATA COLLECTION ON MIGRATION IN WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA AND THE CENTRAL MEDITERRANEAN ROUTE ITALY The International Organization for Migration (IOM) has established Flow Monitoring Data collection: Points (FMP) as part of its Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) in areas of significant 1. Flow Monitoring Survey migratory transit in West and Central Africa, Libya and Italy. Two tools are used as part of 2016 and 2017 the FMP methodology: 1) the Flow Monitoring Registry (FMR) collects data from groups of 2. Ministry of the Interior people to provide a better understanding of intra and interregional migration patterns and 2016 and 2017 trends; 2) the Flow Monitoring Survey (FMS) collects individual data on a sample of migrants on their journey. Both tools are implemented in various locations across the Central Mediterranean Route (CMR). The narrative and map on this page provide details on data collection activities for the period between October and December 2017. LIBYA Burkina Faso: An FMP was established in Burkina Faso’s capital city of Ouagadougou in SENEGAL Data collection: 1. Flow monitoring April 2017. FMR reports can be found here. Data collection: NIGER 1. Flow monitoring Registry 2017 Data collection: Chad: Since April 2017, IOM has been collecting FMR data in Chad. FMR reports can be Registry 2017 1. Flow Monitoring found here. Registry 2016 and 2017 Guinea: Since May 2017, IOM has been collecting FMR data in multiple locations in Guinea. MALI 2. Flow Monitoring FMR reports can be found here. Data collection: Survey 2016 and 2017 Libya: DTM has tracked the number of migrants in Libya since the start of 2016. Data 1. Flow Monitoring Registry collection has been conducted over the course of the year and the programme provides 2016 and 2017 updates on a regular basis. Data and reports can be found here. 2. Flow Monitoring Survey 2016 and 2017 Italy: Beginning in October 2015, IOM has been conducting FMS in Sicily, Apulia and CHAD Calabria with the aim of tracking and monitoring populations on the move through the Data collection: Mediterranean and Western Balkan routes to Europe. Data and analysis are available here. 1. Flow Monitoring Additional data on migrants from West and Central Africa, gathered by the Italian Ministry Registry 2017 of the Interior, is available here. BURKINA FASO Mali: FMR and FMS have been conducted since the start of 2017 in main transit areas of Data collection: Mali. Information on both trends and individual data is available. Dashboards and analysis 1. Flow Monitoring are available here. Registry 2017 Niger: FMR and FMS have been conducted since the start of the year in Séguédine and Arlit, two main transit points for migrants going to or coming back from Libya and Algeria. Information on both trends and individual data is available. Dashboards and analysis can be found here. FLOW MONITORING REGISTRY Nigeria: Two FMRs were set up in northern Nigeria in main transit areas in Kano and NIGERIA GUINEA Data collection: Sokoto in Quarter 2 2017. FMR reports can be found here. FLOW MONITORING SURVEYS Data collection: 1. Flow Monitoring Senegal: An FMR was established in Tambacounda, Senegal in April 2017. Data is available 1. Flow Monitoring Registry 2017 Registry 2017 PLANNED DATA COLLECTION here. ACTIVITY REPORT #4 — PAGE 4 2. ROUTE ANALYSIS OCT — DEC 2017

ROUTE-BASED ANALYSIS ALONG WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICAN MIGRATION ROADS

Background: IOM works with national and local authorities, as well as Analysis: This section presents an analysis of some of the major migration community-based organizations, to better understand migration routes in the region, and it is based on data collected at the various Flow movements in West and Central Africa and to support programming Monitoring Points in the region and the Flow Monitoring Registry for safer and better informed migration movements. questionnaire.

Methodology: More than 25 teams of enumerators work in major To perform this analytical work, the data is sorted by direction to and transit areas to monitor intra and interregional migration movements from a location. For example, for the route going from Tambacounda, by using two tools from the Displacement Tracking Matrix: the flow Senegal to Bamako, Mali, only the data collected at Tambacounda were monitoring registry (FMR) and the flow monitoring survey (FMS). The considered to avoid duplication of data collected. In a next step, only the locations of flow monitoring points are defined based on assessments individuals going to Bamako and transiting Tambacounda were selected. previously conducted with national and local authorities along main Thus, the travel considered did not automatically start in Tambacounda, migration routes. but transited through Tambacounda.

The flow monitoring methodology includes direct observations in The following routes are described in this document: places of entry, transit or exit, as well as structured interviews with migrants and key stakeholders in transit points (including 1. TAMBACOUNDA (Senegal) to BAMAKO (Mali) transportation workers, housing workers and migration officials) to 2. NAFADJI & KOUREMALE (Guinea) to BAMAKO (Mali) assess movement trends, routes and countries of origin and 3. BAMAKO (Mali) to GAO (Mali) destination. This methodology has been developed to track movement 4. GAO (Mali) to TAMANRASSET (Algeria) flows of groups and individuals through key points of origin, transit locations and points of destination.

The purpose of flow monitoring is to regularly provide updated information on the scale and profile of population movements. The information and analysis provided by flow monitoring aims to better understand and define shortcomings and priorities in the provision of assistance along the displacement/migratory routes. REPORT #4 — PAGE X 2. ROUTE ANALYSIS OCT — DEC 2017 ROUTE-BASED ANALYSIS ALONG WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICAN MIGRATION ROADS

OVERVIEW OF ROUTES ANALYSED IN THIS REPORT:

1. TAMBACOUNDA (Senegal) to BAMAKO (Mali) 2. NAFADJI & KOUREMALE (Guinea) to BAMAKO (Mali) 3. BAMAKO (Mali) to GAO (Mali) 4. GAO (Mali) to TAMANRASSET (Algeria)

Disclaimer: The maps in this report are for illustrative purposes only. Representations and the use of boundaries and geographical names on these maps may include errors and do not imply judgment of the legal status of a territory, nor official recognition or acceptance of these boundaries by IOM. REPORT #4 — PAGE 5 2. ROUTE ANALYSIS OCT — DEC 2017

75% of the individuals observed passing through Tambacounda and bound for Bamako, came from Senegal, 23% from The Gambia and the ROUTE 1: rest from Guinea Bissau (2%). TAMBACOUNDA to BAMAKO The observed nationalities of 75% of all departures from Senegal were The FMP in Tambacounda is located at a major international crossroads mainly Malians returning to Bamako and Senegalese traveling to Mali, connecting several countries to Senegal. Specifically, this FMP observes highlighting the importance of economic exchange between the two the flows between Mali, Senegal, Guinea, Gambia and Guinea-Bissau countries. and in particular the flows on the Tambacounda-Kedougou axis, which is very much used by international travellers.

The results of the analysis carried out on the Tambacounda FMP indicate that the main destination country is Senegal (for 92% of individuals), Mali (4%) and The Gambia (4%), and the main destination cities outside of Senegal are Bamako and Banjul (the main cities of destination in Senegal are Dakar, Kidira, Kedougou, Manda, Madina Gounass and Diaobe).

Between October and December 2017, 1,628 flows to Bamako were observed at the Tambacounda FMP by three IOM enumerators.

52% of flows observed passing through Tambacounda and heading to Bamako were Malian nationals, 30% were Senegalese and 11% were Gambian.

64% of individuals travelling were male. Bamako Bamako Tambacounda through werenationals Malian(94%). to goingobserved Bamako from 63% Tambacoundathat over of individual to Bamako, travelling4% Mali.at of observedtravellersTambacoundathe individuals FMPto headedBamako 92% and otherto lo that wereat of observedinfographicindividualspresentstheThisprofilethe ROUTE 1: TAMBACOUNDA to BAMAKO 2. ROUTE ANALYSIS errors Disclaimer and : do The not maps imply GUINEA BISSAU in judgment this report of are the legal for illustrative status of a purposes IOM Flow Monitoring Point in Tambacounda in Senegal in TambacoundaPointin MonitoringIOM Flow territory, only nor . official Representations recognition and or acceptance GUINEA the use MAURITANIA of boundaries of these boundaries and geographical MALI by IOM . names cat ions in Senegal (particularly Dakar). Most individuals heading to to ionsSenegal(particularlyheading inDakar). Most individuals on from from these sa me period wereme male. period October to December December October to2017 maps may include

DEPARTING FROM GENDER NATIONALITY REPORT #4 TAMBACOUNDA BAMAKOto Female 23% GAMBIA 23% SENEGAL 75% 11% 11% 30% 52% 4% 4% 3% 2% GUINEA BISSAUGUINEA 2% 37% , , and it focuses on OCT OCT Individuals (Bissau) Thies ; , , Kaolack) OTHERS GUINEANS GAMBIANS SENEGALESE MALIANS — going (Banjul) — (Dakar, DEC 2017DEC PAGE6 from Male 63% ; REPORT #4 — PAGE 7 2. ROUTE ANALYSIS OCT — DEC 2017

ROUTE 2: The flows going to Bamako and passing through Guinea are essentially all (more than 99%) directly from Guinea. Guinea is a country of NAFADJI & KOUREMALE (Guinea) to departure for regional and international migration, and it is not a major BAMAKO (Mali) transit country.

Guinea is an important departure country for migrants to other 99% of the flows from Guinea to Bamako depart from Siguiri (32%), countries in the region and to Europe. To conduct this analysis, the Conakry (29%) and Kankan (22%). data collected in Nafadji and Kourémalé over the last three months was extracted and further filtered to exclusively look at individuals going from (or passing through) Najadji, Guinea or Kourémalé, Guinea to Bamako, Mali.

The results show that the main destination for 54% of individuals from these two FMPs in Guinea are other places in Guinea (Siguiri, Conakry, Kankan). 44% of flows are heading to Mali (Bamako) and less than 1% to Côte d’Ivoire and Senegal.

Between October and December 2017, 2,042 flows to Bamako were observed by 3 IOM enumerators at the FMP in Nafadji and Kouremale. 93% of the people observed at the two FMPs in Guinea and going to Bamako are of Guinean nationality and 3% of Sierra Leonean nationality.

64% of individuals travelling are male. and and in observed travellers of 44% Mali. Bamako,to travelling individuals presents This were that infographic the observed of atthe profileindividuals PointinIOM Monitoring Flow ROUTE 2: NAFADJI & KOUREMALE to BAMAKO Kourémalé were Guinean nationals (94%). 71% of individuals observed going to Bamako from Bamako to going observed individuals (94%). of 71% were Guinean nationals GUINEA BISSAU SENEGAL include Disclaimer 2. ROUTE ANALYSIS errors : The and maps do LEONE SIERRA not in this imply report judgment are for of the illustrative legal Nafadji status purposes of and and MALI a territory, only Kourémalé . Representations nor official FMPs headed to Bamako and 54% to other locations in Guinea. Most heading to Bamako through through to Bamakoheading in Guinea. Most locationsto other 54% and toBamakoheaded FMPs recognition and the Nafadji use or acceptance of boundaries and and Nafadji of Kourémalé these and and boundaries geographical Kourémalé over that same period were were male. period same that over by names IOM ^ . on in Guinea in Guinea October December tofrom focuses 2017, and iton these maps

may BURKINA FASO

DEPARTING FROM GENDER NATIONALITY <1% <1% 99% <1% 94% Female NAFADJI/KOUREMALE NAFADJI/KOUREMALE to 1% 3% 29% REPORT #4 Individuals ; Siguiri, Kankan, Labé) MALI GAMBIA GUINEA MALIANS LIBERIANS LEONESESIERRA GUINEANS OCT OCT BAMAKO (XXX) going (Conakry, (Conakry, (Banjul) — — DEC 2017DEC from PAGE8 Male 71% Nafadji ; REPORT #4 — PAGE 9 2. ROUTE ANALYSIS OCT — DEC 2017

ROUTE 3:

BAMAKO (Mali) to GAO (Mali) All individuals identified in Bamako and going to Gao departed directly from Bamako. This likely shows that migrants observed in Bamako Of all the individuals observed at the various FMPs from October to have stopped in Mali for a little while before continuing their journey. December 2017, Bamako is the main city of destination. Bamako is a point of interest in terms of migration in the region. The following analysis is done using only Bamako’s FMP.

One important note for the FMP in Mali: unlike other points in the region, only long-term migrants are observed and captured by our enumerators using a combination of key informant interviews and direct observations.

The city of Gao constitutes the main city of destination for the individuals observed by our enumerators (77% of individuals) at the Bamako FMP, 10% were heading to Mopti (a city on the road to Gao), 3% to Conarky and 1% to Agadez.

A total of 5,408 individuals were observed by IOM Mali enumerators during the October-December 2017 period going from Bamako to Gao.

Of all the individuals going to Gao from the Bamako FMP, 60% were Guinean nationals, 15% Gambian nationals, 7% Malian nationals and 5% Senegalese nationals.

99% of individuals travelling are male. going to Gao from Bamako over that same period were were male.that period same over Bamako Gao from to going Ba Gao through to heading Most Mali.to Mopti, 10% headed Gao and toFMP Bamako’s in observed travellers77% of Mali.to Gao, presents This were that infographic the observed of atthe profileindividuals Pointfr ininIOM Bamako Mali Monitoring Flow ROUTE 3: BAMAKO to GAO GUINEA GAO To To POINT DE SUIVI DES FLUX DE POPULATIONDESUIVIDESFLUX DE POINT 2. ROUTE ANALYSIS MAURITANIA include Disclaimer errors : The and maps do not in this imply report judgment MALI are for of illustrative the legal - Bamako status purposes of a only territory, BURKINA . Representations FASO nor official recognition and the use or of acceptance boundaries of these and geographical boundaries om by GAO names To To IOM October December travellingto2017, onfocuses individualsand it . mak on these NIGER o were Guinean nationals (60%). 99% of individuals observed observed of individuals 99% were (60%). Guinean nationals o maps from may BAMAKO GAO to

DEPARTING FROM GENDER NATIONALITY 100% 15% 60% 4% 4% 5% 7% REPORT #4 Individuals BAMAKO BAMAKO to GAO MALI OCT OCT Female BURKINABE SENEGALESE MALIANS GAMBIANS GUINEANS 1% (Bamako) Male going 99% ; — ; – DEC 2017DEC from PAGE10 REPORT #4 — PAGE 11 2. ROUTE ANALYSIS OCT — DEC 2017

Of the movements heading to Algeria and passing through Gao, the ROUTE 4: main place of departure is Bamako (for 99% of flows observed in Gao). Less used routes have been identified departing from Niamey, Niger GAO (Mali) to ALGERIA (less than 1%) and Sévaré, Mali (less than 1%).

The analysis below describes the characteristics of the flows observed In terms of nationalities of individuals going through Gao and heading in two locations in Gao (Place Kidal and Wabaria) going to Algeria or to Algeria, 38% of individuals observed were Guinean nationals, 24% representing movements internal to Mali. As previously noted, unlike Malian nationals, 11% Ivoirian nationals and 8% Senegalese nationals. other points in the region, in Mali only long-term migrants are Other nationalities identified were Gambian, Sierra Leonese, Liberian observed and captured by our enumerators using a combination of key and Burkinabe nationals. informant interviews and direct observations.

Given the complexity of the situation (security, access, etc.), flows for the two FMPs in Gao are only observed when going northwards and composed of long-term migrants. These FMPs are therefore not representative of the other flows in the city. Therefore, 97% of individual flows observed in Gao are heading to Algeria and only 3% are heading to Mali.

Over the October – December 2017 period, a total of 8,764 individuals were observed going from Gao to Algeria, most heading toward Tamanrasset (60%), Bordj (29%) or Hallil (6%).

It should be noted that the proportion of female travellers reaches 5% of the total individuals going to Algeria from Gao, which is much higher than the proportion of females observed going from Bamako to Gao (1%). It is possible that alternative routes are used for such movements to Gao. REPORT #4 — PAGE 12 2. ROUTE ANALYSIS OCT — DEC 2017

ROUTE 4: GAO to TAMANRASSET

This infographic presents the profile of individuals that were observed at the IOM Flow Monitoring Points in Gao in Mali from October to December 2017, and it focuses on individuals travelling to Tamanrasset, Algeria. 60% of travellers observed in Gao FMPs headed to Tamanrasset and 29% to Bordj, Algeria. Most heading to Tamanrasset through Gao were Guinean Nationals (38%). 95% of individuals observed going to Tamanrasset from Gao over that same period were male.

Individuals going from GAO to TAMANRASSET

39% GUINEANS 25% MALIANS ALGERIA 10% IVOIRIANS 9% SENEGALESE

5% GAMBIANS NATIONALITY 4% SIERRA LEONESE

Female;

MAURITANIA 5% GENDER

GAO Male; 95%

NIGER 100% MALI (Bamako and

Sévaré) DEPARTING FROM DEPARTING Disclaimer: The maps in this report are for illustrative purposes only. Representations and the use of boundaries and geographical names on these maps may include errors and do not imply judgment of the legal status of a territory, nor official recognition or acceptance of these boundaries by IOM. REPORT #4 — PAGE 13 3. FMP DASHBOARD — NIGER OCT — DEC 2017

Since February 2016, flow monitoring PROFILE OF PERSONS OBSERVED AT FMPs IN NIGER of individuals has been conducted in two locations in the region of Agadez, Niger. DAILY 350 AVERAGE During this quarter, the main INDIVIDUALS RECORDED locations of departure of flows were Agadez and Gatron, including mainly During the last quarter of 5% 95% 2% Nigerien, Nigerian, Malian, Guinean 2017, the number of % of minors among and Cameroonian nationals. The individuals using private individuals recorded majority of flows taking place in Niger vehicles increased slightly were individuals traveling within the compared to the third 80% country. quarter of that year. No Private 17% Between October and December, a decrease in flows at Niger’s FMPs was observed. In the wake variation to be noted on Vehicle Public Bus 3% of the last quarter of 2017, the daily average fell slightly compared to the third quarter. Further the means of transport Truck surveys (FMS) conducted in early January 2018, will provide detailed information on the profile used or in the age and MAIN MEANS OF TRANSPORT (all flows) and socio-demographic characteristics of the population followed at the level of the various FMPs gender distribution. in Niger. NATIONALITY AND DESTINATION OF MIGRANTS OBSERVED IN NIGER DAILY INDIVIDUALS RECORDED AT FMPs IN NIGER

This graph illustrates the daily evolution of the number of individuals observed at Niger's FMPs. Nigerien This does not reflect the totality of individuals passing through these points, but rather an Malian overview of mobility observed from October to December 2017. For this period, a peak was Nigerian Nigeriens (64%), Malians (4%), Nigerians observed in early October 2017 with 818 male and 40 female individuals observed. Guinean (4%), Guineans (4%) and Cameroonians 900 Cameroonese (3%) were the main nationalities 800 Chadian observed during this quarter. Similarly, 700 LybianLibyan those were the main nationalities 600 Sudanese observed during the third quarter as 500 Burkinabese well. The main destination cities of the 400 Senegalese different nationalities were: Agadez, 300 Liberian 200 Gatron, Arlit, Assamaka, Algiers and Ivoirian 100 Bamako. Gambian 0 Bissau Guinean Beninese

Togolese

04/10/2017 07/10/2017 10/10/2017 13/10/2017 16/10/2017 19/10/2017 22/10/2017 25/10/2017 28/10/2017 31/10/2017 03/11/2017 06/11/2017 09/11/2017 12/11/2017 15/11/2017 18/11/2017 21/11/2017 24/11/2017 27/11/2017 30/11/2017 03/12/2017 06/12/2017 09/12/2017 12/12/2017 15/12/2017 18/12/2017 21/12/2017 24/12/2017 27/12/2017 30/12/2017 01/10/2017 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% Male Female LybiaLibya Niger REPORT #4 — PAGE 14 4. FMP DASHBOARD — MALI OCT — DEC 2017

Since June 2016, IOM Mali has captured PROFILE OF PERSONS OBSERVED AT FMPs IN MALI the movement of individuals in the regions of Gao and Segou (in Benena). DAILY In the third quarter of 2017, Mali added 8 451 AVERAGE more flow monitoring points around the INDIVIDUALS RECORDED country to better observe migration flows. Though the total number of 7% 93% 6% observations increased, the daily average A slight increase in the % of minors among flows has not been impacted by these proportion of women in individuals recorded additional points (448 individuals were the population counted at recorded over the third quarter of 2017) the Mali FMPs was against 451 during the fourth quarter. observed over the fourth 67% 25% quarter of 2018 (compared Public Bus Private 7% In the fourth quarter of 2017, the main migration flows in Mali were comprised mainly of to the third quarter). Vehicle Truck Guinean, Malian, Senegalese, Ivoirian and Gambian nationals (same as in the third quarter). The MAIN MEANS OF TRANSPORT (all flows) majority of flows taking place in Mali were individuals traveling within the country or in other countries in the region (Niger, Mauritania, etc.). NATIONALITY AND DESTINATION OF MIGRANTS OBSERVED IN MALI DAILY INDIVIDUALS RECORDED AT FMPs IN MALI The graph below illustrates the evolution of the flows observed at the level of the FMPs of Mali Guinean between October and December 2017. The lines fluctuate very little except for a peak, especially Malian in the number of male travellers, in November 2017. Senegalese 900 Guineans (30%), Malians (27%), Senegalese (9%), 800 Ivoirian Ivorians (8%) and Gambians (6%) were the main 700 Gambian nationalities observed between October and 600 December 2017. At the level of Mali's FMPs, Algeria 500 Sierra Leonean (39%), Mali (37%), Mauritania (9%) and Niger (9%) 400 Nigerien were the main destination countries. 300 200 Bissau Guinean Finally, Tamanrasset (Algeria), Gao (Mali), Bordj 100 Liberian (Algeria), Bamako (Mali), Nouakchott (Mauritania), 0 Sikasso (Mali), Agadez (Niger) and Niamey (Niger), Ghanaian were the main cities of destination.

Burkinabese

01/10/2017 04/10/2017 07/10/2017 10/10/2017 13/10/2017 16/10/2017 19/10/2017 22/10/2017 25/10/2017 28/10/2017 31/10/2017 03/11/2017 06/11/2017 09/11/2017 12/11/2017 15/11/2017 18/11/2017 21/11/2017 24/11/2017 27/11/2017 30/11/2017 03/12/2017 06/12/2017 09/12/2017 12/12/2017 15/12/2017 18/12/2017 21/12/2017 24/12/2017 27/12/2017 30/12/2017 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% Male Female Benin Burkina Fao Niger Mauritania Mali Algeria REPORT #4 — PAGE 15 5. FMP DASHBOARD — NIGERIA OCT — DEC 2017

In March 2017, two FMPs were PROFILE OF PERSONS OBSERVED AT FMPs IN NIGERIA established in Kano and Sokoto, Nigeria, where significant flows of individuals of different nationalities were observed. As part of intraregional migration flows, DAILY individuals travel back and forth 1,065 AVERAGE between Nigeria and neighboring INDIVIDUALS RECORDED countries, mostly for economic and family reasons. Between October and 30% 70% 21% December 2017, the % of minors among individuals recorded The daily average number of individuals proportion of minors and recorded at these two FMPs in Nigeria women observed at the (1,065 individuals) increased by more level of the Nigerian 52% than 100 compared to the third quarter FMPs, continued to 39% Car 3% of 2017 (954 individuals). increase compared to Public Bus Truck During the fourth quarter of 2017, the number of women among the observed individuals the 3rd quarter of the continued to increase compared to the first three quarters of 2017. The FMS 2018 will better same year. MAIN MEANS OF TRANSPORT (all flows) understand and have a more in-depth idea of this type of migration profile.

NATIONALITY AND DESTINATION OF MIGRANTS OBSERVED IN NIGERIA DAILY INDIVIDUALS RECORDED AT FMPs IN NIGERIA

The graph below illustrates the daily evolution of the flows observed at the level of the Nigerian Nigerian FMPs between October and December 2017. During this trimester an increase in flows Nigerien is noted as compared to the 3rd quarter of the year 2017, leading to an increase also of the During this quarter, 62% of observed flows were daily average. Ghanaian leaving Niger and heading to Nigeria. 36% of the 1400 Malian flows were going the other way around. 1200 Cameroonian The main nationalities observed among those 1000 Beninese movements are Nigerian (49%), Nigerien (14%), 800 Ghanaian (8%), Malian (6%) and Cameroonian Chadian 600 (3%) nationals. Togolese 400 Kano (NGA), Maradi (NEG), Zinder (NEG) and 200 Senegalese Sokoto (NGA) were both the main departure 0 LybianLibyan and destination cities of the flows observed.

Sudanese

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

Male Female Niger Nigeria REPORT #4 — PAGE 16 6. FMP DASHBOARD — CHAD OCT — DEC 2017

In Chad, the FMP is located in Kalait in the PROFILE OF PERSONS OBSERVED AT FMPs IN CHAD north of the country, which borders Sudan, Libya and Niger. From July to September 2017, most individuals DAILY transiting Kalait were Chadian nationals. A AVERAGE small number of Sudanese, Libyan and 168 Togolese nationals were also observed INDIVIDUALS RECORDED (not significant enough to be included in Between October and 14% 86% 3% the chart below). December 2017, the % of minors among The main town of destination for Chadian number of individuals individuals recorded nationals leaving Kalait was Abeche — a observed increased slightly compared to the third town close to the Sudanese border with a 63% direct route to both Sudan and quarter of 2017. No Private 37% N’Djamena. variation was noted Truck regarding the means of Vehicle The daily average of individuals traveling through the FMPs has slightly increased this quarter transport used or the (from a daily average of 148 in the third quarter of 2017 to 168 for the fourth quarter). distribution of individuals by MAIN MEANS OF TRANSPORT (all flows) age and gender. DAILY INDIVIDUALS RECORDED AT FMPs IN CHAD NATIONALITY AND DESTINATION OF MIGRANTS OBSERVED IN CHAD The graph below illustrates the daily evolution of the flows observed at the Kalait FMP between October and December 2017. The movements captured are much more erratic than the flows observed during the third quarter. The more erratic movement of the flows reflects changes in regular traffic to and from this FMP. 350 Chadian 300

250

200

150 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 100 50 Fada Faya Abeche Kalait 0 In Kalait, Chadian travellers are the main nationality observed during this quarter. Other

nationalities such as Sudanese and Cameroonians have been identified in Kalait, but in very low

04/10/2017 07/10/2017 10/10/2017 13/10/2017 16/10/2017 19/10/2017 22/10/2017 25/10/2017 28/10/2017 31/10/2017 03/11/2017 06/11/2017 09/11/2017 12/11/2017 15/11/2017 18/11/2017 21/11/2017 24/11/2017 27/11/2017 30/11/2017 03/12/2017 06/12/2017 09/12/2017 13/12/2017 17/12/2017 22/12/2017 27/12/2017 01/10/2017 numbers. The set-up of the two new FMPs in Chad will provide more information on the different nationalities transiting north. Male Female REPORT #4 — PAGE 17 7. FMP DASHBOARD — BURKINA FASO OCT — DEC 2017

Since March 2017, flow monitoring of PROFILE OF PERSONS OBSERVED AT FMPs IN BURKINA FASO individuals has been conducted in Ouagadougou. Most of the flows are between Burkina Faso and the DAILY neighboring countries of Mali, Niger, AVERAGE Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana. 266 INDIVIDUALS RECORDED Based on data captured by 30% 70% 12% interviewing bus/taxi terminal The proportion of women among the travellers observed % of minors among managers, the daily flows of travellers individuals recorded in Ouagadougou have increased at the Ouagadougou FMP between October and December decreased slightly during this (266) compared to the third quarter quarter but remains well above 99% of 2017 (223). the national averages in the Bus

other countries observed in * All flows * All A new FMP will be installed in January 2018, in Dori (border with Niger) for a better this report (Niger, Senegal, MAIN MEAN OF understanding of the migration situation in Burkina Faso. Mali, etc.). TRANSPORT*

DAILY INDIVIDUALS RECORDED AT FMPs IN BURKINA FASO NATIONALITY AND DESTINATION OF MIGRANTS OBSERVED IN BURKINA FASO The graph below illustrates the daily evolution of the flows observed at the Ouagadougou FMP between October and December 2017. While there has been a peek in individual Nigerien movements around the 10th of October, the movements captured have stabilized over the course of this quarter. Similar to the previous slide, these movements reflect changes in regular traffic to and from this FMP. Burkinabese 600

500 Nigerian (41%), Burkinabe (38%), Malian (8%), Ivorian Malian (6%), Senegalese (3%) and Togolese (3%) nationals 400 are the main nationalities observed between October and December 2017. 300 Ivoirian 200 In addition, Ouagadougou is an important transit point for cross-border busses; Niamey, Abidjan, 100 Senegalese Bamako, Lome and Accra, are the main cities of 0 departure and destination of the flows observed

Togolese during this quarter.

04/10/2017 07/10/2017 10/10/2017 13/10/2017 16/10/2017 19/10/2017 22/10/2017 25/10/2017 28/10/2017 31/10/2017 03/11/2017 06/11/2017 09/11/2017 12/11/2017 15/11/2017 18/11/2017 21/11/2017 24/11/2017 27/11/2017 30/11/2017 03/12/2017 06/12/2017 09/12/2017 12/12/2017 15/12/2017 18/12/2017 21/12/2017 24/12/2017 27/12/2017 30/12/2017 01/10/2017 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% Ghana Togo Mali Niger Cote d'Ivoire Burkina Faso Male Female REPORT #4 — PAGE 18 8. FMP DASHBOARD — SENEGAL OCT — DEC 2017

PROFILE OF PERSONS OBSERVED AT THE FM IN SENEGAL Since April 2017, flow monitoring PROFILE OF PERSONS OBSERVED AT FMPs IN SENEGAL data has been collected in Tambacounda, a main transit town in Senegal. DAILY 432 AVERAGE During the period observed, mainly INDIVIDUALS RECORDED Senegalese, Malian, Guinean and Gambian nationals we Tambacounda The distribution of 36% 64% 8% FMP reflecting the role played by travellers observed by % of minors among Tambacounda in regional migration. age and gender individuals recorded re identified at the remains relatively unchanged from last 77% quarter. Bus 23% Private Vehicle The majority of the flows are internal with individuals heading to border towns, including Bakel, Kedougou, Diaobe, Manda, and Kidira. The daily average flow for the fourth quarter MAIN MEANS OF TRANSPORT (all flows) (432) has sharply decreased in comparison to the third quarter (805) of 2017. The third quarter had seen a couple of religious events that increased the daily average.

NATIONALITY AND DESTINATION OF MIGRANTS OBSERVED IN SENEGAL DAILY INDIVIDUALS RECORDED AT FMPs IN SENEGAL

The graph below illustrates the daily evolution of the flows observed at the Tambacounda FMP Senegalese between October and December 2017. As for the previous quarters, regular peaks are noted Malian almost every week which account for important bus arrivals on given days mostly from Mali. Guinean 1000 900 Gambian Senegalese, Malian, Guinean, Gambian and 800 Bissau Guinean nationals are the main Bissau Guinean 700 nationalities observed during this quarter. 600 Ivoirian 500 Bamako, Diaobe, Kedougou, Manda and Dakar 400 Nigerien 300 are the main departure points for individuals 200 Burkinabese transiting through the Tamabcounda FMP, while 100 Dakar, Bamako and Banjul are the main Nigerian 0 destinations. Mauritanian

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

06/10/2017 09/10/2017 13/10/2017 17/10/2017 20/10/2017 24/10/2017 27/10/2017 31/10/2017 03/11/2017 06/11/2017 10/11/2017 14/11/2017 17/11/2017 20/11/2017 23/11/2017 26/11/2017 29/11/2017 02/12/2017 05/12/2017 08/12/2017 11/12/2017 14/12/2017 17/12/2017 20/12/2017 23/12/2017 27/12/2017 30/12/2017 02/10/2017 Gambia Mali Senegal Male Female REPORT #4 — PAGE 19 9. FMP DASHBOARD — GUINEA OCT — DEC 2017

PROFILE OF PERSONS OBSERVED AT FMPs IN GUINEA In Guinea, since April 2017, five flow monitoring points have been installed in the border DAILY areas with Senegal and Mali. 921 AVERAGE During the fourth quarter of INDIVIDUALS RECORDED 2017, three of these points were During the fourth quarter of active, in Kouremale, Nafadji 41% 59% 26% 2017, women and minors (both bordering Mali) and % of minors among accounted for a large share of individuals recorded Bondoufourdou (bordering observed flows. Compared to Senegal). other FMPs in the region, in Guinea, the private vehicle 84% Taxi 9% (taxi) is the main means of Bus transport used by the individuals observed. MAIN MEANS OF TRANSPORT (all flows)

DAILY INDIVIDUALS RECORDED AT FMPs IN GUINEA NATIONALITY AND DESTINATION OF MIGRANTS OBSERVED IN GUINEA This graph illustrates the daily evolution of the flows observed in the three FMPs of Guinea (Kouremale, Nafadji and Bondoufourdou) between October and December 2017. Guinean 1000 Malian 900 800 Senegalese Guinean (87%), Malian (3%), Senegalese (2%) and 700 Sierra Leonean Sierra Leonean (2%) nationals were the main 600 nationalities observed during this quarter. 500 Nigerien 400 Ivoirian During this quarter, Manda (Senegal), Dakar 300 (Senegal), Labé (Guinea), Conakry (Guinea), Labé 200 Burkinabese (Guinea), and Bamako (Mali), were the main 100 departure and destination cities for flows Ghanaian 0 observed at the FMPs. Beninese

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

02/10/2017 05/10/2017 08/10/2017 11/10/2017 14/10/2017 17/10/2017 20/10/2017 23/10/2017 26/10/2017 29/10/2017 01/11/2017 04/11/2017 07/11/2017 10/11/2017 13/11/2017 16/11/2017 19/11/2017 22/11/2017 25/11/2017 28/11/2017 01/12/2017 04/12/2017 07/12/2017 10/12/2017 13/12/2017 16/12/2017 19/12/2017 22/12/2017 25/12/2017 28/12/2017 31/12/2017 Gambia Mali Senegal Guinea Male Female REPORT #4 — PAGE 20 10. METHODOLOGY AND LIMITATIONS OCT — DEC 2017

Flow Monitoring Methodology This tool collects information on the number and frequency of individuals transiting or moving through a particular location. IOM works with national and local authorities, as well as Several techniques of flow monitoring and population movement community-based organizations, to better understand migration tracking are available, and are deployed, depending on the movements in West and Central Africa. context and volume of flows identified.

Using tools from the Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM), the Limitations: flow monitoring registry (FMR) and survey (FMS) teams of enumerators work in major transit areas to monitor intra and Migrants adjust their routes according to opportunities and interregional migration movements. The locations of flow obstacles they encounter along their journey, so their intended monitoring points are defined based on entry, exit and transit transit and destination locations are often subject to change. This point assessments conducted with national and local authorities renders the systematic assessment of their mobility throughout along main migration routes. West and North Africa more complex. Therefore, data collected in destination locations may not always accurately reflect flows The flow monitoring methodology includes direct observations in detected in transit locations. Data variations depends on places of entry, transit or exit, as well as structured interviews migratory movements, FM methodology and the number of staff with migrants and key stakeholders in transit points (including deployed in each FMP and their capacity to capture all transportation workers, housing workers and migration officials) movements. to assess movement trends, routes and countries of origin and destination. This methodology has been developed to track movement flows of groups and individuals through key points of origin, transit locations and points of destination.

The purpose of flow monitoring is to provide regularly updated information on the scale and profile of population movements. The information and analysis provided by flow monitoring aims to better understand and define shortcomings and priorities in the provision of assistance along displacement/migratory routes.

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