S Mali, on the Sahel–Sahara Boundary
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Coronavirus Testing Indicates Transmission Risk Increases Along
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.05.098590; this version posted June 9, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 Coronavirus testing indicates transmission risk increases along 2 wildlife supply chains for human consumption in Viet Nam, 3 2013-2014 4 Nguyen Quynh Huong1¶, Nguyen Thi Thanh Nga1¶, Nguyen Van Long2, Bach Duc Luu2, Alice 5 Latinne1,3,4, Mathieu Pruvot3, Nguyen Thanh Phuong5, Le Tin Vinh Quang5, Vo Van Hung5, 6 Nguyen Thi Lan6, Nguyen Thi Hoa6, Phan Quang Minh2, Nguyen Thi Diep2, Nguyen Tung2, Van 7 Dang Ky2#a, Scott I. Roberton1, Hoang Bich Thuy1, Nguyen Van Long1, Martin Gilbert3,#b, 8 Leanne Wicker1,#c, Jonna A. K. Mazet7, Christine Kreuder Johnson7, Tracey Goldstein7, Alex 9 Tremeau-Bravard7, Victoria Ontiveros7, Damien O. Joly3,#d, Chris Walzer3,8, Amanda E. 10 Fine1,3,&,*, and Sarah H. Olson3,& 11 12 1 Wildlife Conservation Society, Viet Nam Country Program, Ha Noi, Viet Nam 13 14 2 Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Development of Viet Nam, 15 Ha Noi, Viet Nam 16 17 3 Wildlife Conservation Society, Health Program, Bronx, New York, United States of America 18 19 4 EcoHealth Alliance, New York, New York, United States of America 20 21 5 Regional Animal Health Office No. 6, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam 22 23 6 Viet Nam National University of Agriculture, Ha Noi, Viet Nam 24 25 7 One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, 26 California, United States of America 27 28 8 Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria 29 30 31 #aCurrent address: The Animal Asia Foundation Viet Nam, Ha Noi, Viet Nam 32 Page 1 of 29 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.05.098590; this version posted June 9, 2020. -
Rapport Annuel 2016 Etat D'execution Des Activites
MINISTERE DE L’ENVIRONNEMENT DE REPUBLIQUE DU MALI L’ASSAINISSEMENT ET DU ****************** DEVELOPPEMENT DURABLE ************* Un Peuple –Un But – Une Foi AGENCE DE L’ENVIRONNEMENT ET DU DEVELOPPEMENT DURABLE (AEDD) ************* PROGRAMME D’APPUI A L’ADAPTATION AUX CHANGEMENTS CLIMATIQUES DANS LES COMMUNES LES PLUS VULNERABLES DES REGIONS DE MOPTI ET DE TOMBOUCTOU (PACV-MT) RAPPORT ANNUEL 2016 PACV-MT ETAT D’EXECUTION DES ACTIVITES Octobre 2016 ACRONYMES AEDD : Agence de l’Environnement et du Développement Durable AFB : Fonds d’Adaptation CCOCSAD : Comité Communale d’Orientation, de Coordination et de Suivi des Actions de Développement CLOCSAD : Comité Local d’Orientation, de Coordination et de Suivi des Actions de Développement CROCSAGD : Comité Régionale d’Orientation, de Coordination et de Suivi des Actions de Gouvernance et de Développement CEPA : Champs Ecoles Paysans Agroforestiers CEP : Champs Ecoles Paysans CNUCC : Convention Cadre des Nations Unies sur le Changement Climatique DAO : Dossier d’Appel d’Offres DCM : Direction de la Coopération Multilatérale DGMP : Direction Générale des Marchés Publics MINUSMA : Mission Multidimensionnelle Intégrée des Nations Unies pour la Stabilisation au Mali OMVF : Office pour le Mise en Valeur du système Faguibine PAM : Programme Alimentaire Mondial PDESC : Plan de développement Economique, Social et Culturel PTBA : Plan de Travail et de Budget Annuel PACV-MT : Programme d‘Appui à l‘Adaptation aux Changements Climatiques dans les Communes les plus Vulnérables des Régions de Mopti et de Tombouctou PK : Protocole de Kyoto PNUD : Programme des Nations Unies pour le Développement TDR : Termes de références UGP : Unité de Gestion du Programme RAPPORT ANNUEL 2016 DU PACV-MT Page 2 sur 47 TABLE DES MATIERES ACRONYMES ............................................................................................................... -
FINAL REPORT Quantitative Instrument to Measure Commune
FINAL REPORT Quantitative Instrument to Measure Commune Effectiveness Prepared for United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Mali Mission, Democracy and Governance (DG) Team Prepared by Dr. Lynette Wood, Team Leader Leslie Fox, Senior Democracy and Governance Specialist ARD, Inc. 159 Bank Street, Third Floor Burlington, VT 05401 USA Telephone: (802) 658-3890 FAX: (802) 658-4247 in cooperation with Bakary Doumbia, Survey and Data Management Specialist InfoStat, Bamako, Mali under the USAID Broadening Access and Strengthening Input Market Systems (BASIS) indefinite quantity contract November 2000 Table of Contents ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS.......................................................................... i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY............................................................................................... ii 1 INDICATORS OF AN EFFECTIVE COMMUNE............................................... 1 1.1 THE DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE..............................................1 1.2 THE EFFECTIVE COMMUNE: A DEVELOPMENT HYPOTHESIS..........................................2 1.2.1 The Development Problem: The Sound of One Hand Clapping ............................ 3 1.3 THE STRATEGIC GOAL – THE COMMUNE AS AN EFFECTIVE ARENA OF DEMOCRATIC LOCAL GOVERNANCE ............................................................................4 1.3.1 The Logic Underlying the Strategic Goal........................................................... 4 1.3.2 Illustrative Indicators: Measuring Performance at the -
VEGETALE : Semences De Riz
MINISTERE DE L’AGRICULTURE REPUBLIQUE DU MALI ********* UN PEUPLE- UN BUT- UNE FOI DIRECTION NATIONALE DE L’AGRICULTURE APRAO/MALI DNA BULLETIN N°1 D’INFORMATION SUR LES SEMENCES D’ORIGINE VEGETALE : Semences de riz JANVIER 2012 1 LISTE DES ABREVIATIONS ACF : Action Contre la Faim APRAO : Amélioration de la Production de Riz en Afrique de l’Ouest CAPROSET : Centre Agro écologique de Production de Semences Tropicales CMDT : Compagnie Malienne de Développement de textile CRRA : Centre Régional de Recherche Agronomique DNA : Direction Nationale de l’Agriculture DRA : Direction Régionale de l’Agriculture ICRISAT: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics IER : Institut d’Economie Rurale IRD : International Recherche Développement MPDL : Mouvement pour le Développement Local ON : Office du Niger ONG : Organisation Non Gouvernementale OP : Organisation Paysanne PAFISEM : Projet d’Appui à la Filière Semencière du Mali PDRN : Projet de Diffusion du Riz Nérica RHK : Réseau des Horticulteurs de Kayes SSN : Service Semencier National WASA: West African Seeds Alliancy 2 INTRODUCTION Le Mali est un pays à vocation essentiellement agro pastorale. Depuis un certain temps, le Gouvernement a opté de faire du Mali une puissance agricole et faire de l’agriculture le moteur de la croissance économique. La réalisation de cette ambition passe par la combinaison de plusieurs facteurs dont la production et l’utilisation des semences certifiées. On note que la semence contribue à hauteur de 30-40% dans l’augmentation de la production agricole. En effet, les semences G4, R1 et R2 sont produites aussi bien par les structures techniques de l’Etat (Service Semencier National et l’IER) que par les sociétés et Coopératives semencières (FASO KABA, Cigogne, Comptoir 2000, etc.) ainsi que par les producteurs individuels à travers le pays. -
Borassus Flabellifer Linn.) As One of the Bioethanol Sources to Overcome Energy Crisis Problem in Indonesia
2011 2nd International Conference on Environmental Engineering and Applications IPCBEE vol.17 (2011) © (2011) IACSIT Press, Singapore The Potential of Developing Siwalan Palm Sugar (Borassus flabellifer Linn.) as One of the Bioethanol Sources to Overcome Energy Crisis Problem in Indonesia Nisa Bila Sabrina Haisya 1, Bagus Dwi Utama 2, Riki Cahyo Edy 3, and Hevi Metalika Aprilia 4 1 Student at Faculty of Veterinary, Bogor Agricultural University 2 Student at Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Bogor Agricultural University 3 Student at Faculty of Economy and Management, Bogor Agricultural University 4 Student at Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University Abstract. The energy demand in Indonesia increases due to a significant growth in population, this fact has diminished the fossil fuel storage as our main non renewable energy source. Recently, there are a lot of researches on renewable energy; one of the most prominent is the development of bioethanol as a result of fermentation of sugar or starch containing materials. Palm sugar as one of the natural sugar sources can be obtained from most of palm trees such as coconut, aren, nipah, and siwalan. This paper explored the potential of Siwalan palm sugar development to be converted into bioethanol as renewable energy source through fermentation and purification processes. Siwalan palm sugar contains 8.658 ml ethanol out of 100 ml palm sugar liquid processed using fermentation and distillation. Bioethanol can further utilized as fuel when it is mixed with gasoline that called gasohol. In the future, it is expected that gasohol can replace gasoline consumption as an alternative energy that can be competitive in term of price in Indonesia. -
Algeria–Mali Trade: the Normality of Informality
101137 DEMOCRACY Public Disclosure Authorized AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ERF 21st ANNUAL CONFERENCE March 20-22, 2015 | Gammarth, Tunisia 2015 Public Disclosure Authorized Algeria–Mali Trade: The Normality of Informality Sami Bensassi, Anne Brockmeyer, Public Disclosure Authorized Matthieu Pellerin and Gael Raballand Public Disclosure Authorized Algeria–Mali Trade: The Normality of Informality Sami Bensassi Anne Brockmeyer Mathieu Pellerin Gaël Raballand1 Abstract This paper estimates the volume of informal trade between Algeria and Mali and analyzes its determinants and mechanisms, using a multi-pronged methodology. First, we discuss how subsidy policies and the legal framework create incentives for informal trade across the Sahara. Second, we provide evidence of the importance of informal trade, drawing on satellite images and surveys with informal traders in Mali and Algeria. We estimate that the weekly turnover of informal trade fell from approximately US$ 2 million in 2011 to US$ 0.74 million in 2014, but continues to play a crucial role in the economies of northern Mali and southern Algeria. Profit margins of 20-30% on informal trade contribute to explaining the relative prosperity of northern Mali. We also show that official trade statistics are meaningless in this context, as they capture less than 3% of total trade. Finally, we provide qualitative evidence on informal trade actors and mechanisms for the most frequently traded products. JEL classification codes: F14, H26, J46. Keywords: informal trade, Algeria, Mali, fuel, customs. 1 The authors would like to thank Mehdi Benyagoub for his help on this study, Laurent Layrol for his work on satellite images, Nancy Benjamin and Olivier Walther for their comments and Sabra Ledent for editing. -
Study of Genetic Variability of Palmyapalm on the Basis of Tree Morphology and Yield Parameters in Bihar
Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(5): 2522-2528. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 5 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.905.289 Study of Genetic Variability of Palmyapalm on the Basis of Tree Morphology and Yield Parameters in Bihar Soni Kumari1, Ruby Rani1*, Samik Sengupta1, AhmarAftab2, Neha Kumari1 and Ankita Aman1 1Department of Horticulture (Fruit and Fruit Technology), 2Department of Food Science and Post-Harvest Technology, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India-813210 *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Palmyra palm (Borassus flabelliferL ) or commonly called Taad or Tarh is a palm tree of the Sugar palm group. It is an important multipurpose tree of great utility. K e yw or ds There is a rich genetic diversity of palmyrah in Bihar, but no database is available regarding Palmyra. Thus a study was undertaken to study the variability in Palmyra, Palmyra for their plant morphological traits and yield parameters. Sample was Variability , Morphology , Yield collected during fruiting season and plants with diverse in nature for tree characteristics and fruit yield. Among 22 genotypes selected in the area surveyed, Article Info the great variability was noted with respect to plant height (dwarf and Tall) and Accepted: yield parameters. The average height of the palms was 15.22m with a variation 18 April 2020 from 7.10m in PC-7 to 22.50m in PC-12.Trunk girth varied from 137cm (PC-11) Available Online: to 180 cm (PC-6) and . -
Niger Basin Snapshot
Adaptation to Climate Change in the Upper and Middle Niger River Basin River Basin Snapshot Draft for Discussion May 2010 Adaptation to Climate Change in the Upper and Middle Niger River Basin Content Executive Summary............................................................................................................... 3 Part one: Water resources and Climate ................................................................................. 6 The Niger River Basin........................................................................................................ 6 Geography ..................................................................................................................... 6 Water storage ................................................................................................................ 8 Agriculture...................................................................................................................... 9 Navigation...................................................................................................................... 9 Livestock and Fishing................................................................................................... 10 Water quality................................................................................................................ 10 Vulnerability and Relevance of Climate Change and Variability ....................................... 10 Climate Change and Variability....................................................................................... -
Taoudeni Basin Report
Integrated and Sustainable Management of Shared Aquifer Systems and Basins of the Sahel Region RAF/7/011 TAOUDENI BASIN 2017 INTEGRATED AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF SHARED AQUIFER SYSTEMS AND BASINS OF THE SAHEL REGION EDITORIAL NOTE This is not an official publication of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The content has not undergone an official review by the IAEA. The views expressed do not necessarily reflect those of the IAEA or its Member States. The use of particular designations of countries or territories does not imply any judgement by the IAEA as to the legal status of such countries or territories, or their authorities and institutions, or of the delimitation of their boundaries. The mention of names of specific companies or products (whether or not indicated as registered) does not imply any intention to infringe proprietary rights, nor should it be construed as an endorsement or recommendation on the part of the IAEA. INTEGRATED AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF SHARED AQUIFER SYSTEMS AND BASINS OF THE SAHEL REGION REPORT OF THE IAEA-SUPPORTED REGIONAL TECHNICAL COOPERATION PROJECT RAF/7/011 TAOUDENI BASIN COUNTERPARTS: Mr Adnane Souffi MOULLA (Algeria) Mr Abdelwaheb SMATI (Algeria) Ms Ratoussian Aline KABORE KOMI (Burkina Faso) Mr Alphonse GALBANE (Burkina Faso) Mr Sidi KONE (Mali) Mr Aly THIAM (Mali) Mr Brahim Labatt HMEYADE (Mauritania) Mr Sidi Haiba BACAR (Mauritania) EXPERT: Mr Jean Denis TAUPIN (France) Reproduced by the IAEA Vienna, Austria, 2017 INTEGRATED AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF SHARED AQUIFER SYSTEMS AND BASINS OF THE SAHEL REGION INTEGRATED AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF SHARED AQUIFER SYSTEMS AND BASINS OF THE SAHEL REGION Table of Contents 1. -
Rufiji R Niger River
e cast out from the riverbank at dawn. Behind us, Mopti, one of the largest river ports in West Africa, is uncustomarily quiet. The fi rst wooden pirogues of the day, ferrying fi shermen and Wother human cargo, ease their way across the Bani River, waters which will soon merge with those of the Niger. RIVER Sounds are few: the distant racheting of a generator, songs, murmured greetings rippling across the river, the gentle lapping of wood on water. We drift out onto the river, which here at Mopti is sluggish and muddy brown; it carries us away from the AMONG shore, tending north in the accumulating daylight. Still within sight of Mopti, our boat gathers speed as we catch the current and the engine then springs to life, and we join the Niger bound for Timbuktu. The journey from Mopti to Timbuktu spans the RIVERS most celebrated section of the Niger, a river that is one Join Sahara lover Anthony Ham for of Africa’s grand epics. At almost 2600 miles in length and Africa’s third-longest river, the Niger derives its a trip into the desert on the waters name from the Tuareg words ‘gher-n-gheren’, which of the enigmatic Niger River. means ‘river among rivers’. From its source as an innocuous trickle in the Fouta Djalon highlands on the Guinea-Sierra Leone border to its outlet to the sea in the blighted oil-rich lands of Nigeria’s Niger Delta, the Niger carries along on its waters the history of West Africa. It was along the shores of the Niger that some of the greatest empires of African antiquity arose, among them Ghana, Mali and Songhai. -
A Paradigm Shift in Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Studies Related to the Water Sector
Building Tomorrow’s Society Bâtir la Société de Demain Fredericton, Canada June 13 – June 16, 2018/ Juin 13 – Juin 16, 2018 FROM TOP-DOWN TO BOTTOM-UP APPROACHES TO RISK DISCOVERY: A PARADIGM SHIFT IN CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS AND ADAPTATION STUDIES RELATED TO THE WATER SECTOR Seidou, Ousmane1,3 and Alodah, Abdullah1,2 1 University of Ottawa, Canada 2 Qassim University, Saudi Arabia 3 [email protected] Abstract: Healthy water resources are key to every nation’s wealth and well-being. Unfortunately, stressors such as climate change, land-use shifts, and increased water consumption are threatening water availability and access worldwide. The pressure on water resources is projected to increase dramatically in the future and turn into a global crisis unless bold actions are taken. Researchers and practitioners are therefore under great pressure to develop methodologies and tools that can streamline projected changes into adaptation decisions. The vast majority of climate change adaptation studies use a top-down approach, which essentially consists of using of a limited set of climate change scenarios to discover future risks. However, recent research has identified critical limitations to that approach; for instance, even when multi- model multi-scenario projections are used, not all possible future conditions are covered and therefore plausible risks may be overlooked. There is also no established way to evaluate the credibility of a given projection scenario, making it a challenge to include them in a decision or design framework. The bottom- up approach (which consists of identifying risky situations using stochastically generated climate states then use projections to evaluate their likelihood in the future) was recently put forward to address the limitations of the top-down approach, but several issues remain unaddressed. -
Mali Enhanced Market Analysis 2019
FEWS NET Mali Enhanced Market Analysis 2019 MALI ENHANCED MARKET ANALYSIS JUNE 2019 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by Chemonics International Inc. for the Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET), contract number AID-OAA-I-12-00006. The authors’Famine views Early expressed Warning inSystem this publications Network do not necessarily reflect the views of the 1 United States Agency for International Development or the United States government. FEWS NET Mali Enhanced Market Analysis 2019 About FEWS NET Created in response to the 1984 famines in East and West Africa, the Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) provides early warning and integrated, forward-looking analysis of the many factors that contribute to food insecurity. FEWS NET aims to inform decision makers and contribute to their emergency response planning; support partners in conducting early warning analysis and forecasting; and provide technical assistance to partner-led initiatives. To learn more about the FEWS NET project, please visit www.fews.net. Disclaimer This publication was prepared under the United States Agency for International Development Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) Indefinite Quantity Contract, AID-OAA-I-12-00006. The authors’ views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States government. Acknowledgments FEWS NET gratefully acknowledges the network of partners in Mali who contributed their time, analysis, and data to make this report possible. Recommended Citation FEWS NET. 2019. Mali Enhanced Market Analysis. Washington, DC: FEWS NET.