Adaptation to Climate Change in the Upper and Middle Niger River Basin
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Tuareg Music and Capitalist Reckonings in Niger a Dissertation Submitted
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Rhythms of Value: Tuareg Music and Capitalist Reckonings in Niger A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Ethnomusicology by Eric James Schmidt 2018 © Copyright by Eric James Schmidt 2018 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Rhythms of Value: Tuareg Music and Capitalist Reckonings in Niger by Eric James Schmidt Doctor of Philosophy in Ethnomusicology University of California, Los Angeles, 2018 Professor Timothy D. Taylor, Chair This dissertation examines how Tuareg people in Niger use music to reckon with their increasing but incomplete entanglement in global neoliberal capitalism. I argue that a variety of social actors—Tuareg musicians, fans, festival organizers, and government officials, as well as music producers from Europe and North America—have come to regard Tuareg music as a resource by which to realize economic, political, and other social ambitions. Such treatment of culture-as-resource is intimately linked to the global expansion of neoliberal capitalism, which has led individual and collective subjects around the world to take on a more entrepreneurial nature by exploiting representations of their identities for a variety of ends. While Tuareg collective identity has strongly been tied to an economy of pastoralism and caravan trade, the contemporary moment demands a reimagining of what it means to be, and to survive as, Tuareg. Since the 1970s, cycles of drought, entrenched poverty, and periodic conflicts have pushed more and more Tuaregs to pursue wage labor in cities across northwestern Africa or to work as trans- ii Saharan smugglers; meanwhile, tourism expanded from the 1980s into one of the region’s biggest industries by drawing on pastoralist skills while capitalizing on strategic essentialisms of Tuareg culture and identity. -
Algeria–Mali Trade: the Normality of Informality
101137 DEMOCRACY Public Disclosure Authorized AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ERF 21st ANNUAL CONFERENCE March 20-22, 2015 | Gammarth, Tunisia 2015 Public Disclosure Authorized Algeria–Mali Trade: The Normality of Informality Sami Bensassi, Anne Brockmeyer, Public Disclosure Authorized Matthieu Pellerin and Gael Raballand Public Disclosure Authorized Algeria–Mali Trade: The Normality of Informality Sami Bensassi Anne Brockmeyer Mathieu Pellerin Gaël Raballand1 Abstract This paper estimates the volume of informal trade between Algeria and Mali and analyzes its determinants and mechanisms, using a multi-pronged methodology. First, we discuss how subsidy policies and the legal framework create incentives for informal trade across the Sahara. Second, we provide evidence of the importance of informal trade, drawing on satellite images and surveys with informal traders in Mali and Algeria. We estimate that the weekly turnover of informal trade fell from approximately US$ 2 million in 2011 to US$ 0.74 million in 2014, but continues to play a crucial role in the economies of northern Mali and southern Algeria. Profit margins of 20-30% on informal trade contribute to explaining the relative prosperity of northern Mali. We also show that official trade statistics are meaningless in this context, as they capture less than 3% of total trade. Finally, we provide qualitative evidence on informal trade actors and mechanisms for the most frequently traded products. JEL classification codes: F14, H26, J46. Keywords: informal trade, Algeria, Mali, fuel, customs. 1 The authors would like to thank Mehdi Benyagoub for his help on this study, Laurent Layrol for his work on satellite images, Nancy Benjamin and Olivier Walther for their comments and Sabra Ledent for editing. -
Niger Basin Snapshot
Adaptation to Climate Change in the Upper and Middle Niger River Basin River Basin Snapshot Draft for Discussion May 2010 Adaptation to Climate Change in the Upper and Middle Niger River Basin Content Executive Summary............................................................................................................... 3 Part one: Water resources and Climate ................................................................................. 6 The Niger River Basin........................................................................................................ 6 Geography ..................................................................................................................... 6 Water storage ................................................................................................................ 8 Agriculture...................................................................................................................... 9 Navigation...................................................................................................................... 9 Livestock and Fishing................................................................................................... 10 Water quality................................................................................................................ 10 Vulnerability and Relevance of Climate Change and Variability ....................................... 10 Climate Change and Variability....................................................................................... -
Office Du Niger Et Usage Agricole Eaux Souterraines
3ème conférence Africaine de la CIID 29 Novembre 5 Décembre Bamako Sous thème 3 : Productivité de l'eau à usage agricole face aux défis du changement climatique: Titre : L’Office du Niger au Mali : d'une surconsommation des ressources en eau de surface en période d'étiage vers une utilisation agricole des eaux souterraines Bréhima TANGARA 1, Bruno LIDON 2, Amadou Zanga TRAORE 3, Kabirou N’DIAYE 4 1IER Niono Mali, 2 CIRAD UMR G-eau F-34398 Montpellier Cedex France, 3 ENI Bamako Mali, 4Africa Rice St Louis Sénégal. Résumé Depuis sa création l’Office du Niger a progressivement accru ses prélèvements de la ressource en eau du fleuve Niger sous l’effet conjugué d’une faible efficience et d’une demande croissante due au développement des superficies aménagées et de la double culture en particulier de riz. Cette tendance est renforcée par un accroissement de la demande en eau d’irrigation des cultures du fait d’une baisse notoire des pluies (460 mm/an au cours des vingt dernières années contre 600 mm/an au cours des 20 précédentes , des fortes températures, et d’une forte évapotranspiration (2430 mm/an). Face à des débits du Niger qui ont été très variables au cours des 50 dernières années, les prévisions quant aux disponibilités futures en eau pour l’irrigation restent contradictoires. Il est de ce fait difficile d’évaluer l’impact à attendre de l’effet conjugué du changement climatique et de l’intrinsèque variabilité du climat et des effets anthropiques (futurs barrages entre autres). Dans ce contexte, l’augmentation de la demande en eau, particulièrement en contre saison, pourrait, comme dans tous les grands périmètres irrigués du monde, être en partie satisfaite par l’exploitation de la nappe, faisant de sa remontée un atout. -
Taoudeni Basin Report
Integrated and Sustainable Management of Shared Aquifer Systems and Basins of the Sahel Region RAF/7/011 TAOUDENI BASIN 2017 INTEGRATED AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF SHARED AQUIFER SYSTEMS AND BASINS OF THE SAHEL REGION EDITORIAL NOTE This is not an official publication of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The content has not undergone an official review by the IAEA. The views expressed do not necessarily reflect those of the IAEA or its Member States. The use of particular designations of countries or territories does not imply any judgement by the IAEA as to the legal status of such countries or territories, or their authorities and institutions, or of the delimitation of their boundaries. The mention of names of specific companies or products (whether or not indicated as registered) does not imply any intention to infringe proprietary rights, nor should it be construed as an endorsement or recommendation on the part of the IAEA. INTEGRATED AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF SHARED AQUIFER SYSTEMS AND BASINS OF THE SAHEL REGION REPORT OF THE IAEA-SUPPORTED REGIONAL TECHNICAL COOPERATION PROJECT RAF/7/011 TAOUDENI BASIN COUNTERPARTS: Mr Adnane Souffi MOULLA (Algeria) Mr Abdelwaheb SMATI (Algeria) Ms Ratoussian Aline KABORE KOMI (Burkina Faso) Mr Alphonse GALBANE (Burkina Faso) Mr Sidi KONE (Mali) Mr Aly THIAM (Mali) Mr Brahim Labatt HMEYADE (Mauritania) Mr Sidi Haiba BACAR (Mauritania) EXPERT: Mr Jean Denis TAUPIN (France) Reproduced by the IAEA Vienna, Austria, 2017 INTEGRATED AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF SHARED AQUIFER SYSTEMS AND BASINS OF THE SAHEL REGION INTEGRATED AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF SHARED AQUIFER SYSTEMS AND BASINS OF THE SAHEL REGION Table of Contents 1. -
Rufiji R Niger River
e cast out from the riverbank at dawn. Behind us, Mopti, one of the largest river ports in West Africa, is uncustomarily quiet. The fi rst wooden pirogues of the day, ferrying fi shermen and Wother human cargo, ease their way across the Bani River, waters which will soon merge with those of the Niger. RIVER Sounds are few: the distant racheting of a generator, songs, murmured greetings rippling across the river, the gentle lapping of wood on water. We drift out onto the river, which here at Mopti is sluggish and muddy brown; it carries us away from the AMONG shore, tending north in the accumulating daylight. Still within sight of Mopti, our boat gathers speed as we catch the current and the engine then springs to life, and we join the Niger bound for Timbuktu. The journey from Mopti to Timbuktu spans the RIVERS most celebrated section of the Niger, a river that is one Join Sahara lover Anthony Ham for of Africa’s grand epics. At almost 2600 miles in length and Africa’s third-longest river, the Niger derives its a trip into the desert on the waters name from the Tuareg words ‘gher-n-gheren’, which of the enigmatic Niger River. means ‘river among rivers’. From its source as an innocuous trickle in the Fouta Djalon highlands on the Guinea-Sierra Leone border to its outlet to the sea in the blighted oil-rich lands of Nigeria’s Niger Delta, the Niger carries along on its waters the history of West Africa. It was along the shores of the Niger that some of the greatest empires of African antiquity arose, among them Ghana, Mali and Songhai. -
A Paradigm Shift in Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Studies Related to the Water Sector
Building Tomorrow’s Society Bâtir la Société de Demain Fredericton, Canada June 13 – June 16, 2018/ Juin 13 – Juin 16, 2018 FROM TOP-DOWN TO BOTTOM-UP APPROACHES TO RISK DISCOVERY: A PARADIGM SHIFT IN CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS AND ADAPTATION STUDIES RELATED TO THE WATER SECTOR Seidou, Ousmane1,3 and Alodah, Abdullah1,2 1 University of Ottawa, Canada 2 Qassim University, Saudi Arabia 3 [email protected] Abstract: Healthy water resources are key to every nation’s wealth and well-being. Unfortunately, stressors such as climate change, land-use shifts, and increased water consumption are threatening water availability and access worldwide. The pressure on water resources is projected to increase dramatically in the future and turn into a global crisis unless bold actions are taken. Researchers and practitioners are therefore under great pressure to develop methodologies and tools that can streamline projected changes into adaptation decisions. The vast majority of climate change adaptation studies use a top-down approach, which essentially consists of using of a limited set of climate change scenarios to discover future risks. However, recent research has identified critical limitations to that approach; for instance, even when multi- model multi-scenario projections are used, not all possible future conditions are covered and therefore plausible risks may be overlooked. There is also no established way to evaluate the credibility of a given projection scenario, making it a challenge to include them in a decision or design framework. The bottom- up approach (which consists of identifying risky situations using stochastically generated climate states then use projections to evaluate their likelihood in the future) was recently put forward to address the limitations of the top-down approach, but several issues remain unaddressed. -
The Dynamics of Irrigated Rice Farming in Mali
Managing Africa’s Soils No. 12 The dynamics of irrigated rice farming in Mali Loes Kater, Ibrahim Dembélé and Idrissa Dicko February 2000 Managing Africa’s Soils No. 12 The dynamics of irrigated rice farming in Mali Loes Kater, Ibrahim Dembélé and Idrissa Dicko February 2000 About the authors Loes Kater has an MSc in Tropical Crop Science from Wageningen Agricultural University. From 1995 to 1999 she worked as an associate expert for the Farming Systems Research Programme (ESPGRN) of the Institut d’Economie Rurale (IER) in Mali. She can be contacted at Weezenhof 65-40, 6536 BA Nijmegen, The Netherlands. E-mail: [email protected] Ibrahim Dembélé is an agronomist who is currently studying for his MSc at the University of Abidjan in Ivory Coast. He works for the Farming Systems Research Programme (ESPGRN) of the Institut d’Economie Rurale (IER) in Mali, and can be reached at CRRA Niono, BP 12, Niono, Mali, and by E-mail: [email protected] Idrissa Dicko is a research assistant at the IER regional research centre in Niono. His address is CRRA Niono, BP 12, Niono, Mali. E-mail: [email protected] About NUTNET NUTNET stands for Networking on soil fertility management: improving soil fertility in Africa – Nutrient networks & stakeholder perceptions. It is a partnership of fifteen organisations that come from six African and two European countries: INERA, Burkina Faso; SOS Sahel, Ethiopia; KARI, KIOF & ETC East Africa, from Kenya; IER, Mali; Environment Alert & Makerere University, from Uganda; IES, Zimbabwe; IIED & IDS from the United Kingdom; and AB/DLO, LEI/DLO, SC/DLO, ETC & KIT, from The Netherlands. -
Mali Enhanced Market Analysis 2019
FEWS NET Mali Enhanced Market Analysis 2019 MALI ENHANCED MARKET ANALYSIS JUNE 2019 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by Chemonics International Inc. for the Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET), contract number AID-OAA-I-12-00006. The authors’Famine views Early expressed Warning inSystem this publications Network do not necessarily reflect the views of the 1 United States Agency for International Development or the United States government. FEWS NET Mali Enhanced Market Analysis 2019 About FEWS NET Created in response to the 1984 famines in East and West Africa, the Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) provides early warning and integrated, forward-looking analysis of the many factors that contribute to food insecurity. FEWS NET aims to inform decision makers and contribute to their emergency response planning; support partners in conducting early warning analysis and forecasting; and provide technical assistance to partner-led initiatives. To learn more about the FEWS NET project, please visit www.fews.net. Disclaimer This publication was prepared under the United States Agency for International Development Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) Indefinite Quantity Contract, AID-OAA-I-12-00006. The authors’ views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States government. Acknowledgments FEWS NET gratefully acknowledges the network of partners in Mali who contributed their time, analysis, and data to make this report possible. Recommended Citation FEWS NET. 2019. Mali Enhanced Market Analysis. Washington, DC: FEWS NET. -
Climate, Peace and Security Fact Sheet: Mali
May 2021 Climate, Peace and Security Fact Sheet Mali Dormino UN Photo/Marco Photo: RECOMMENDED ACTIONS: Mali is characterised by short-term climate variability, and is vulnerable to long-term climate change due to high exposure to the adverse effects The UN Security Council (UNSC) should task the United Nations of climate change, but also high population growth, diminished resilience Multidimensional Integrated Stabilisation Mission in Mali and multiple violent conflicts. Mali is forecast to become hotter with (MINUSMA) with incorporating climate, peace and security more erratic rainfall, impacting seasonal regularity and increasing the risks as a higher-order priority in its mandate. MINUSMA should risk of droughts and floods. Moreover, conflict, political instability and report to the UNSC on climate security, its effects on the mission weak government institutions undermine effective adaptation to climate mandate, and actions taken to address these problems. change. The UNSC should encourage MINUSMA to work with UN • Climate change may impact seasonal regularity and jeopardise Environment Programme (UNEP) to appoint an Environmental natural resource-based livelihoods. Livelihood insecurity can Security Advisor for prioritising climate, peace and security risks interact with political and economic factors to increase the risk within MINUSMA and for coordinating effective responses with of conflicts over natural resource access and use. the rest of the UN system, the Malian government, civil society, international and regional partners. The Advisor should support • Conflict, agricultural development and changing environmental capacity-building for analysis, reporting and coordinating conditions have affected migratory livestock routes, pushing responses to climate, peace and security risks – particularly in herders into areas where natural resources are under pressure the Malian government and MINUSMA divisions that regularly or shared use is not well defined. -
ECFG-Niger-2020R.Pdf
About this Guide This guide is designed to prepare you to deploy to culturally complex environments and achieve mission objectives. The fundamental information contained within will help you understand the cultural dimension of your assigned location and gain skills necessary for success. The guide consists of 2 parts: ECFG Part 1 introduces “Culture General,” the foundational knowledge you need to operate effectively in any global environment (Photos courtesy of IRIN News 2012 © Jaspreet Kindra). Niger Part 2 presents “Culture Specific” Niger, focusing on unique cultural features of Nigerien society and is designed to complement other pre- deployment training. It applies culture-general concepts to help increase your knowledge of your assigned deployment location. For further information, visit the Air Force Culture and Language Center (AFCLC) website at www.airuniversity.af.edu/AFCLC/ or contact AFCLC’s Region Team at [email protected]. Disclaimer: All text is the property of the AFCLC and may not be modified by a change in title, content, or labeling. It may be reproduced in its current format with the expressed permission of the AFCLC. All photography is provided as a courtesy of the US government, Wikimedia, and other sources as indicated. GENERAL CULTURE CULTURE PART 1 – CULTURE GENERAL What is Culture? Fundamental to all aspects of human existence, culture shapes the way humans view life and functions as a tool we use to adapt to our social and physical environments. A culture is the sum of all of the beliefs, values, behaviors, and symbols that have meaning for a society. All human beings have culture, and individuals within a culture share a general set of beliefs and values. -
UNCLASSIFIED PROJECT PAPER Amenilmnt SABEL REGIONAL
UNCLASSIFIED ... PROJECT PAPER AMENIlmNT SABEL REGIONAL NIGER RIVER DEVELOPMENT PLANNING (625-0915) USAID/NIGER AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT • UNCLASSIFIED T 11IJ'.I!~IUF Y AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT 1. TRANSACTION CODE DOCUMENT A=Add }unendrnentNuoonber CODE PROJECT DATA SHEET GC C=Change 1. ..D- Delete 3 2. COUNTRY/ENTITY 3. PROJECT NUMBER Sahel - Regional Activities [~25-0915 =:J 4. BUREAU/OFFICE 5. PROJECT TITLE (ma:cirrwm,40.characters) AFRICA/Office of Sahel and West African Affairs I 'CO(J O!iger River Development Planning :J 6. PROJECT ASSISTANCE COMPLETION DATE (PACO) 7. ESTIMATED DATE OF OBLIGATION (Under'S:' below, enter 1, 2, 3, or 4) I MM I DD1 YY;I ~ 1 12 31 1 815 A. Initial FY ~ B. Quarter. EJ C.·FioalFY .. 8.COSTS ($000 OR EQUIVALENT $1 = ) FIRST FY 77 LIFE OF PROJECT A. FUNDING SOURCE B.FX C.L/C O. Total E.,FX F. L/C G. Total AID Appropriated Total 1,13U 220 1,350 1,630 220 1,l:S50 (Grant) ( 1.130 ) ( 220 ) ( 1,350 ) ( 1,630 ) ( 220 )( 1,850 ) (Loan) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Other 11. U.S. 12. .' HostCountry 354 354 4l:S4 4l:S4 Other Donor(s) 3.156 230 ". 3,386 6-;575 475 6,990 TOTAL S __ 4.286 804 5,090 8,lli5 1,179 9,324 9. SCHEDULE OF AID FUNDING·($OOO) , .. .. ,. 8. c.PRIMARY A. APP,RO. PRIMARY D. OBLIGATIONS TO DATE E. AMOUNT APPROVED F. LIFE OF PROJECT TEClLCODE PRIATJON PURPOSE THIS ACTION .' CODE 1.Grant 2. Loan 1. Grant 2. Loan 1. Grant 2. Loan 1.