Common Core Writing 6-8.1, Common Core Literacy 6-8.2,4 & 10

Key Concept focus: This close reading will address the geography, economy, religions, government and achievements of the Empire of Songhai.

Askia the Great

Djenne became centers of learning once again. The Gold coins from Gao universities of Songhai were known for their teachings ven while the empire of Mali was still thriving, in mathematics, grammar, law, science and medicine. Songhai started to grow from its capital city of Religion Gao, competing in the very same trade markets E as Mali. Even Mansa Musa noted the potential The empire of Songhai was predominantly (controlling strength of Songhai, attacking and absorbing their influence) Muslim. However, as mentioned before small kingdom into Mali. However, when the Empire of under Sunni Ali’s leadership, to maintain peace and Mali began to weaken after the death of Mansa Musa, stability all religions were tolerated, accepted. Just like the people of Songhai attacked, taking control of most Mansa Musa of Ghana, Askia the Great made a of Mali by the mid 1400s CE. The empire of Songhai pilgrimage, or trip to Mecca as was mandated, expanded even further east and west maintaining Gao directed by the fifth pillar of Islam. As before, frequent as the capital trade city along the Niger River. The new pilgrimages from Muslims of Mali further promoted country of Songhai became the largest country in trade between Asia and West Africa. In addition, Arabic Africa. was widely spoken in West Africa, which meant books Government and knowledge could be shared throughout Africa and East Asia. In order to make the large Empire of Songhai easier to A Trade based Economy govern, it divided itself into five provinces. New leaders were put into places of authority in these provinces to Just like the earlier kingdoms of this region Songhai insure that they would be loyal to the Songhai king. had control of both gold and salt mines. Songhai The king also established a professional army, the first encouraged trading with Muslims, such as the Berbers in west Africa. of the north. Great market places thrived in major cities where kola nuts, gold, ivory, slaves, spices, palm The empire of Songhai was ruled by Sunni Ali. He oil and precious woods were traded in exchange unified, or combined his country by encouraging his for salt, cloth, arms, horses and copper. Just as in people to work together. This unity would seek fairness Ghana and Mali, the Niger River proved to be a major and equity among his people. He promoted peace by resource for the transportation of goods. allowing local religions of animism and ancestor worship to exist and in conjunction with Islam. In fact, Decline he led though example by practicing local religions and The empire of Songhai would only last about 150 years. Islam in his own life. It would fall to the advancement of Moroccan troops. One of the greatest rulers of Songhai was Askia the The Moroccans desired to claim the salt mines Great. Under his leadership the power of Songhai grew controlled by Songhai. These invaders would have a even greater. It was during his reign that Timbuktu and new advantage: guns.

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