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Evaluation of Six Mosquito Traps for Collection of Aedes Albopictus and Associated Mosquito Species in a Suburban Setting in North Central Florida 1

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Evaluation of Six Mosquito Traps for Collection of Aedes Albopictus and Associated Mosquito Species in a Suburban Setting in North Central Florida 1 Evaluation of Six Mosquito Traps for Collection of Aedes albopictus and Associated Mosquito Species in a Suburban Setting in North Central Florida 1 Authors: Hoel, D.F., Kline, D.L., and Allan, S.A. Source: Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 25(1) : 47-57 Published By: The American Mosquito Control Association URL: https://doi.org/10.2987/08-5800.1 BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Complete website, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/terms-of-use. Usage of BioOne Complete content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non - commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Journal-of-the-American-Mosquito-Control-Association on 27 May 2021 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use Access provided by Rutgers University Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 25(1):47–57, 2009 Copyright E 2009 by The American Mosquito Control Association, Inc. EVALUATION OF SIX MOSQUITO TRAPS FOR COLLECTION OF AEDES ALBOPICTUS AND ASSOCIATED MOSQUITO SPECIES IN A SUBURBAN SETTING IN NORTH CENTRAL FLORIDA1 D. F. HOEL,1 D. L. KLINE2 AND S. A. ALLAN2 ABSTRACT. We compared 6 adult mosquito traps for effectiveness in collecting Aedes albopictus from suburban backyards with the goal of finding a more suitable surveillance replacement for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) light trap. Trap selection included 2 commercial propane traps (Mosquito MagnetTM Professional trap and Mosquito Magnet Liberty trap), 2 Aedes-specific traps (Fay- Prince Omnidirectional trap and Wilton trap), 1 experimental trap (Mosquito Magnet-X trap), and a standard surveillance CDC light trap that served as a control. Traps that did not generate carbon dioxide were provided with bottled CO2 at a flow rate of 500 ml/min. Those traps designed for use with chemical attractants (Mosquito Magnet traps) were baited with LurexTM (L-lactic acid) and octenol (1-octen-3-ol) commercial baits, known attractants to Ae. albopictus. Three repetitions of a 6 3 6 Latin square test yielded a total of 37,237 mosquitoes, of which 5,280 (14.2%)wereAe. albopictus. Significantly more (P , 0.05) Ae. albopictus were collected from the experimental and commercial traps (4,244/5,280; 80.3%) than from the CDC light trap and Aedes-specific traps. The Mosquito Magnet Liberty collected the most Ae. albopictus (1,591), accounting for 30.1% of the total take, followed closely by the Mosquito Magnet-X (1,468) and the Mosquito Magnet Pro (1,185). The omnidirectional Fay-Prince trap performed better than the CDC or Wilton trap. Twenty-seven mosquito species were collected during these trials, 9 species in large enough numbers for meaningful analysis. Aedes albopictus was the second most common mosquito trapped. The results of these trials indicate that propane-powered commercial traps would serve as useful substitutes in lieu of CDC traps in Ae. albopictus surveillance efforts. Trap features advantageous for collecting Ae. albopictus and other mosquito species are discussed. KEY WORDS Aedes albopictus, Mosquito Magnet Professional trap, Fay-Prince trap, CDC Wilton trap, Mosquito Magnet-X trap, Mosquito Magnet Liberty trap INTRODUCTION small black and white mosquitoes, weak fliers, mostly silent in flight, and often capable of taking Aedes albopictus (Skuse), a competent vector of a blood meal with no immediate noticeable effect. dengue viruses and dog heartworm, has expanded Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus are the most its range throughout the southeastern and central important yellow fever and dengue virus vectors in portions of the United States from 911 counties in most of the world. Although Ae. aegypti prefer- 25 states in 1999 (Moore 1999), to 1,035 counties entially feeds on man (Harrington et al. 2001) and in 32 states including California (Linthicum et al. breeds almost exclusively in artificial containers, 2003) as of December 2004 (McKnight, personal Ae. albopictus is an aggressive opportunistic feeder communication). Aedes albopictus became estab- (Savage et al. 1993) and breeds in both natural lished in Hawaii approximately a century before and artificial containers (Hawley 1988), facilitat- its introduction into the continental USA (Perkins ing its colonization of suburban and rural areas 1913, Sprenger and Wuithiranyagool 1986). It is while consequently making it more difficult to particularly well adapted for colonizing artificial control than other peridomestic mosquitoes. containers and the forested environs typically Unfortunately, diurnally active mosquitoes do found in suburban settings in much of the USA. not respond well to light traps; such is the case Once established, it rapidly reaches nuisance with most Aedes (Stegomyia) mosquitoes (Thur- population levels and has proven difficult to man and Thurman 1955), making distribution control. Like other Aedes (Stegomyia) mosquitoes and population assessments difficult with com- (including Aedes aegypti L.), Ae. albopictus are monly used adult mosquito surveillance traps such as the New Jersey light trap or the Centers 1 This paper reports the results of research only. of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) light Mention of a proprietary product does not constitute an trap (Service 1993). endorsement or a recommendation by the U.S. Navy or Several traps designed for surveillance of Ae. USDA for its use. 2 aegypti may also be effective for collecting Ae. Naval Research Liaison Officer, Center for Medi- albopictus. Aedes-specific traps rely on key visual cal, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, USDA/ ARS, 1600/1700 SW 23rd Dr., Gainesville, FL 32608. features deemed highly attractive to lure them to 3 Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary these traps, which are often baited with dry ice or Entomology, USDA/ARS, 1600/1700 SW 23rd Dr., bottled carbon dioxide to increase capture Gainesville, FL 32608. (Rudolfs 1922, Gillies 1980). Highly attractive 47 Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Journal-of-the-American-Mosquito-Control-Association on 27 May 2021 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use Access provided by Rutgers University 48 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION VOL.25,NO.1 visual features include alternating black and Professional trap (MM Pro) and Mosquito white stripes and checkerboard patterns (Sippell Magnet Liberty trap (MM Liberty), manufac- and Brown 1953), broad black surfaces, and tured by American Biophysics Corporation enamel surfaces, which are favored over flat (North Kingstown, RI). At the time of this study black-painted surfaces, thought to be because of a (2004), both traps were commonly advertised in mirroring effect of the enamel surface (Peterson print media and over the Internet and were and Brown 1951). Kennedy (1940) showed that among the first carbon dioxide (from catalytic visual cues were as important attractant factors combustion of propane) -generating traps avail- for host-seeking adult female Ae. aegypti as air- able for homeowner use. We optimized attrac- borne animal emanations, and more so when tiveness of these models to Ae. albopictus by movement was added. These behavioral charac- adding both Lurex (L-lactic acid) and 1-octen-3- teristics led to the development of several Aedes- ol (octenol) cartridge baits to their exhaust ports specific traps utilizing black–white color contrast (Hoel et al. 2007). Both baits are formulated in a (Fay and Prince 1970) or black color to serve as gel or matrix slow-release cartridge, which highly attractive visual cues for increased surveil- releases minute quantities of attractant over a lance efficacy (Fay 1968, Wilton and Kloter 2–3-wk period. 1985). Successful experimental traps that were The MM Pro uses propane to generate not commercialized also used color contrast mosquito attractants and to power the unit. (Freier and Francy 1991) and movement (Den- Briefly, propane is continuously converted into nett et al. 2004) to survey for Ae. aegypti and Ae. water vapor, CO2 (520 ml/min, Karen McKenzie, albopictus. Our goal was to compare trap efficacy personal communication), and heat. Heated of a standard-use CDC light trap against 2 CO2- water vapor and CO2 are exhausted to the producing commercial traps, 2 Aedes-specific outside of the trap, providing a plume of traps, and 1 experimental trap for efficacy in mosquito attractants. Catalytic heat is provided collecting Ae. albopictus. to a second device adjacent to the catalyst, the thermoelectric module, which generates electricity to power the fan that exhausts downward the MATERIALS AND METHODS plume of attractants while providing a counter- We tested 6 adult mosquito traps for their ability flow updraft to capture insects. The MM Pro is a to collect Ae. albopictus from backyard suburban heavy (32 kg) standalone unit, somewhat difficult settings. The following is a detailed description of to move over long distances, and should be shut each trap and its chemical baiting regimen. down before being moved to prevent malfunc- A CDC light trap served as a standard for tioning of the thermoelectric module. The collec- comparison against other traps because this trap is tion net is protected by a PVC shell mounted on a routinely used by control and public health black metal stand and base. The trap stands agencies for mosquito surveillance. The CDC light 100 cm high and is supported by an 84 cm 3 trap (model 512; John W. Hock Company, 56 cm stainless steel base equipped with wheels Gainesville, FL) used a 6 V DC motor and a and a storage slot for a 9 kg propane tank.
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