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Late Devonian and Early Carboniferous Rugosa from Western Pomerania, Northern Poland

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Late Devonian and Early Carboniferous Rugosa from Western Pomerania, Northern Poland Acta Geologica Polonica, Vol. 55 (2005), No.4, pp. 393-443 Late Devonian and early Carboniferous Rugosa from Western Pomerania, northern Poland EDWARD CHWIEDUK Institute of Geology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Mak6w Polnych Sfr. 16, PL-61-606 Poznan, Poland. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: CHWIEDUK, E. 2005. Late Devonian and early Carboniferous Rugosa from Western Pomerania, northern Poland. Acta Geologica Polonica, 55 (4), 393-443. Warszawa. The taxonomic description of the Late Devonian and Early Carboniferous Rugosa from the boundaty area of the Precambrian East European Craton and the Palaeozoic platform of Central Europe is presented. Palaeontological analy­ sis and the stratigraphical distribution of the corals in Western Pomerania enabled recognition of several faunistic events, which reflect evolutionaty trends in rugose corals. The pre-crisis Frasnian coral fauna, dominated by colonial forms, both massive [Disphyllia laxa (GURICH, 1896), Hexagonaria hexagona kowalae WRZOLEK, 1992, ?Frechastraea] and branching [Disphyllum kweihsiense YOH, 1937, Peneckiella ?fascicularis (SOSHKINA, 1952), Thamnophyllum monozonatum (SOSHKINA, 1939), Peneckiella szulczewskii ROZKOWSKA, 1979], developed on the carbonate platform extending along the edge of the East European Craton. The similarity of these faunas to Rugosan faunas from southern Poland is significant. The coral fauna was reduced significantly after the Kellwasser crisis. Colonial corals disappeared altogether and soli­ tary dissepimented forms were markedly reduced. The subsequent Late Famennian radiation caused a significant quan­ titative and qualitative differentiation of the coral faunas. In addition to the well-known 'Cyathaxonia fauna', warm and shallow-water solitary corals appeared in the latest Famennian. The stratigraphically important taxa of the latest Famennian include: Campophyllum MILNE-EDWARDS & HAIM, 1850, ?Palaeosmilia aquisgranense (FRECH, 1885), Bounophyllum pomeranicum sp. nov. and Guelichiphyllum kowalense ROZKOWSKA, 1969. The latest Famennian regression caused subdivision of the Pomeranian area into at least two sedimentary basins, sep­ arated by shallows, with peculiar ecological conditions, and the appearance of numerous endemic taxa. This regressive interval contains, however, numerous levels yielding less restricted faunas, which suggest the intermittent appearance of more open-sea conditions. Key words: Rugosa, Late Devonian, Early Carboniferous, Palaeoecology, Palaeogeography, Western Pomerania, Poland. INTRODUCTION selection of the most important species. Identifications and illustrations of an additional seven taxa were sub­ The aim of the present paper is the description of sequently published by MUSZER (1998). [Those identifi­ the Devonian and Early Carboniferous coral fauna of cations are, however, not confirmed herein.] Finally, a Western Pomerania. This fauna is very poorly known preliminaty report with a list of recognised taxa, and and has been only sparsely documented. The first some general stratigraphical and palaeogeographical reports (R6zKOWSKA & FEDOROWSKI 1972; R6zKOWS­ suggestions, was recently published by the author KA 1979), provided illustrations and descriptions of a (CHWIEDUK 1998). 394 EDWARD CHWIEDUK The Upper Palaeozoic strata in Pomerania are 39 boreholes (Text-figs 1, 2, Tabs la-d). It comprises entirely subsurface. Their recognition resulted from 399 specimens (Tab. la-d) from the Upper Devonian geophysical and geological oil and gas prospecting. The and Lower Carboniferous strata; 58 from the Frasnian, first drilling that reached the Carboniferous and/or 261 from the Famennian, and 80 from the Lower Devonian rocks (Chojnice-2 borehole) was carried out Carboniferous. Specimens, thin sections and some in 1958 (TOKARSKI 1959). The Lower Carboniferous unpublished data of Professors Maria RO ZKOWSKA and rocks were first reported from the Bobolice-1 borehole Jerzy FEDOROWSKI were additionally used. (ZELICHOWSKI 1968). The Devonian and Carboniferous The material is dominated by: ?Campophyllum sp. of Western Pomerania have so far been recognized in nov. A (9.0%), Campophyllum fle.xuosum (8.3%), Conilo­ 119 boreholes (Oil and Gas Drilling Company data, phyllum priscum (7.8%), Bounophyllum pomeranicum Pila, 2000), mostly from the Koszalin-Chojnice (abbre­ (5.3%), ?Syringaxon sp. nov. A (5.3 %), Cyathaxonia (C.) viated as K-Ch) structural zone and from the Baltic famenniana (3.3%) and Cyathaxonia (C.) d. rozkowskae Coast, west of Koszalin (Text-fig. 1). (2.5 %). The large representation (19.3%) of new (genera The coral fauna analysed herein was derived from and species), most probably endemic taxa, is noteworthy. 16 18 ....... BALTIC SEA 54 ...llL Teisseyre-Tornquist tectonic line o boreholes /"" Faults D Lower Carboniferous D Famennian] D Frasnian Devonian _ Givetian o 25 km D Lower Palaeozoic L'____ -', 16 18 Fig. 1. Simplified geological map of Western Pomerania (after MATYJA 1998, slightly modified) excluding formations younger than Lower Carboniferous, including borehole locations with Upper Devonian and Lower Carboniferous rugose corals, against the background of the structural geological map of Poland (after BELKA 1998, slightly modified) GEOLOGICA POLONICA, VOL. 55 EDWARD CHWIEDUK, FIG, 2A WIERZCHOWO-11 Miospore Foraminifera l Conodont Zones Zones Zones p V3c 50 ,7 ?Bradyphyflum bojkowskii Cf6 bilineatus 54,4 Rotiphyflum sp. A V3b c GOZO-1 co ' Q) V3a 00BRZYCA-2 (/) Cf5 Tournaisian :> lithostratigraphic Units p """ V2a /------1 texanus 2366 Cf4 V1a - b ~ KARLlNO-1 (/) 1-- Cf3 Drzewiany Fm. BABILON-1 ::J 0 anchoralis-Iatus 3550 0:: Tn3c p UJ u. Cf2 CHOJN ICE-3 2619t~~~~~ 2619,7 ?Campophyllumsp.A typicus ~ ~"'""~ 2622,7 ?Palaeosmilia aqaisgranensis Z Tn3a - b 0 L ?Campophyllum sp. A co 2629 ,5 ?P aquisgranensis 0:: 3600 ..jfi~~ <{ c Tn2c isosticha U ~~~~~1'!1 2678,3 ?P. aquisgranensis u co crenulata - 'iii BIAtOGARO-5 ~~~~: 3645,2 Sa/ee/a5ma cf. delepini 'ro L Sqpolno Fm. Cyathaxonia (C.) cf. rozkowskae Tn2b E sandberai CHOJNICE-5 C. (C.) famenniana ::J Cf1a - y 3350 .......-.--...--x. 3646,5 Sa/ee/85ma cL de/epin; " " 1\ A ~ 3550 1\ 1\ 1\ 1\ ~ Tn2a duplicata -f A p 1\ 1\ A A ? Stratigraphic A A 1\ A 1\ gap 1\ 1\ 1\ A Tn1b sulcata 3400 ~~~~~!:l 3685,5 C. (C,) ct, rozko lVskae F ?Syringaxon sp.nov. A WYSZEB6RZ-1 'c Tn1a Of3& ~ s} . ~ Etroeungt Q.kobeitusana praesulcata ~ :R .E~ Of3 1> L Sqpolno Fm. T ~~ (/) 1950 ~ ~I--...--"" : -~ Of3y 1996 ,0 Disphyllum kweihsiense Je­ 3500 N e_x_p_a_n_s_a __-'::~-l '\ .,; Fa/ ____________ \- ~ 3700 !G 3 800 ~~~~~~ 3741,0 E ~""'"~= Bounophyllum pomeranictfm u.. c / - - - - - - - - - - ___ o -~ \-P_o_s_te_~_a --"-'::~-l c c: ~~~~ 28B4,5 Campophyllum flexuosum .~ ____ ~f~~____ ~ 'Fm . 2050 Q) ~ ~ ? trachytera ~ 2016 ,3 Tem~m sp 3855,0 D.kweihsiense, T.isetense Bounophyllum pomeranicum u. L ~kweihSiense, r isetense 2900 ~::!:!il:&Q] ~5~:::il~ 2914,7?P. aquisgranensis C. flexuosum 3800 ~7a2b -_-_-_ -_~_ ~_~_~_-_ -_-_-_ ~ 2- 3900 marginifera ~ z 3000 ~ L z Fa2a I-----~~-ho-m-b-o-id-e-a~~ ' 1 ~ ~ ~~ Of2 ''''111~1~ .' ~~~~§ ~ .e . ~ ~ ~ crepida Gorzyslaw Mb. 41 16,6 DispllYllum kweihsiense ~ "3 &.~ '"o o E t;>~ <X> 4100 41 23 ,1 Disphyllum kweihsiansa -_.-___ .-:.c.-_-. ~ triangularis <= Jg ~ o~ 41 14 3886 linguiformis u.. !f g~ F3 ~~~~ Of1 Strzeiewo Mb. tf a: ~tf ~ 4188.8 Salee/asmB cf. de/epini 0 f'- rh enana 41 96 ,1 Aristophyflum sp. 0 -0 c» L to ~ 4238 7 Thamnophyllum soshkinae ____________ fLja:::m=ie:..:a:..:e=--__-I 4236 ,8 Disphyllum kweihsien se N N v c ';):~,~ Jlilll ~ v co 3314 ,Om 'c ~ -- ------ (/) hassi ~ ~ F2 L 2914 u. N ~<.l!l punctata 0 '> ~ transitans Unislaw Mb, ~ '" 2350 )s!i5i!i!a:o 3150 falsiovalis ~ I-----<J,'>=----I c L Wyszeb6rz Fm. .~'" ~Iii~i 31 67,0 Temnophyllum sp. (3 4077 ~~~~ 4170.)2~~~~~ 4100 4322,5m O~ 3044,5m 5055,5m ~ 4349.0m 3235,4m 4000 ~ 4006,Om Fig. 2a. Stratigraphical correlation and distribution of the coral taxa of selected columns from Western Pomerania, Only those boreholes were selected where the recognized coral fauna changed the existing stratigraphic ranges or made them more precise (lithostratigraphical units of Upper Devonian according to MATYJA 1993 and 1998, Lower Carboniferous after LIPI EC in MATYJA & ai, 2000; standard conodont division according to SAN DBERG & ai, 1978, LANE & at. 1980, ZIEGLER & SANDBERG 1990, WED DlGE & ai, 1996; Foraminifera and Miospore zones after CONIL & at. 1976 and 1990) DEVONIAN - CARBONIFEROUS RUGOSA FROM WESTERN POMERANIA, POLAND 395 GEOLOGICAL SETIING em Europe (CEP) of Variscan age (GLAZEK 1994). In western Pomerania the basement of the craton is covered Western Pomerania (Text-fig. 1) is located in the 1Ians­ with sedimentary rocks ranging in thickness between 5 and European Suture Zone (abbreviated as TESZ), which cor­ 6 Ian (GUTERCH & al. 1986, GUTERCH & GRAD 2000, responds roughly to the tectonic Thisseyre-Tornquist Zone GLAZEK 1994, GLAZEK & al. 2000). This is demonstrated (TIZ), bounded to the NE by the East European Craton by the models showing the present top surface of the (EEC), along the Teisseyre-Tornquist Line (ZNOSKO 1969). Devonian and/or Carboniferous (Text-figs 3, 4). The sub­ The TIZ varies in width between 50 and 90 Ian and its Permian basement is formed of blocks delimited by NW­ crust thickness between 35 and 50 Ian (GUZEK 1994, SE fault zones (DADLEZ 1978, 1980, 1982; POZARYSKI 1982; GLAZEK & al. 2000, GUTERCH & GRAD 2000). It separates MILACZEWSKI 1982; KARN!<OWSKI 1983). two main structural areas of Central Europe: the stable In the K-Ch Zone, the Devonian-Carboniferous strata
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