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Anchorage Requirements for Grouted Vertical-Duct Connectors in Precast Bent Cap Systems

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Anchorage Requirements for Grouted Vertical-Duct Connectors in Precast Bent Cap Systems Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. FHWA/TX-06/0-4176-1 Accession No. 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Anchorage Requirements for Grouted Vertical-Duct May 2006 Connectors in Precast Bent Cap Systems 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Francisco J. Brenes, Sharon L. Wood, and 4176-1 Michael E. Kreger 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) Center for Transportation Research 11. Contract or Grant No. The University of Texas at Austin Research Project 0-4176 3208 Red River, Suite 200 Austin, TX 78705-2650 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Texas Department of Transportation Technical Report (9/2001 - 8/2005) Research and Technology Implementation Office 14. Sponsoring Agency Code P.O. Box 5080 Austin, TX 78763-5080 15. Supplementary Notes Project performed in cooperation with the Texas Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration. 16. Abstract Bridge projects constructed in Texas which utilize precast bent caps typically employ grouted vertical ducts in the cap-to-column connections. This type of connection is preferred due to the simple geometry and because the volume of grout needed to complete the connections is minimized. A number of questions related to the sensitivity of the behavior of the grouted vertical-duct connectors to design parameters were identified during the design and construction of these bridges. Thirty-two, large-scale pullout tests of connectors grouted in galvanized steel and plastic ducts were conducted to investigate the response of this type of connector. The results indicate that the tensile capacity is sensitive to the type of duct, the embedded length of the connector, the number of connectors tested simultaneously in tension, and the placement of the connector within the duct. However, the results were not sensitive to epoxy coating on the connector or to the presence of spiral transverse reinforcement around the group of connectors. Design equations are proposed for the minimum embedded length of all connectors to satisfy serviceability concerns and for the development length necessary to resist the calculated tensile stresses in the connectors under the design load combinations. 17. Key Words 18. Distribution Statement bent caps, bridge substructures, concrete bridges, No restrictions. This document is available to the development length, connections, ducts, grout, public through the National Technical precast concrete Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161; www.ntis.gov. 19. Security Classif. (of report) 20. Security Classif. (of this page) 21. No. of pages 22. Price Unclassified Unclassified 252 Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) Reproduction of completed page authorized ANCHORAGE REQUIREMENTS FOR GROUTED VERTICAL-DUCT CONNECTORS IN PRECAST BENT CAP SYSTEMS Francisco J. Brenes Sharon L. Wood Michael E. Kreger CTR Research Report: 4176-1 Report Date: May 2006 Research Project: 0-4176 Research Project Title: Development of Precast Bridge Construction Systems Sponsoring Agency: Texas Department of Transportation Performing Agency: Center for Transportation Research at the University of Texas at Austin Project performed in cooperation with the Texas Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration. Center for Transportation Research The University of Texas at Austin 3208 Red River Austin, TX 78705 www.utexas.edu/research/ctr Copyright (c) 2006 Center for Transportation Research The University of Texas at Austin All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America iv Disclaimers Author's Disclaimer: The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official view or policies of the Federal Highway Administration or the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. Patent Disclaimer: There was no invention or discovery conceived or first actually reduced to practice in the course of or under this contract, including any art, method, process, machine manufacture, design or composition of matter, or any new useful improvement thereof, or any variety of plant, which is or may be patentable under the patent laws of the United States of America or any foreign country. Notice: The United States Government and the State of Texas do not endorse products or manufacturers. If trade or manufacturers' names appear herein, it is solely because they are considered essential to the object of this report. Engineering Disclaimer THIS REPORT IS NOT INTENDED FOR CONSTRUCTION, BIDDING, OR PERMIT PURPOSES. Sharon L. Wood, Texas P.E. #83804 Research Supervisor v vi Acknowledgments This research project was funded by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) under Project No. 0-4176. The support of the project director, Lloyd M. Wolf (BRG), and program coordinator, Randy Cox (BRG), are greatly appreciated. The contributions of the Project Monitoring Committee members, Ralph Browne (BRG), Eric Ingamells (BRG), Karl Janak (SCT), and John L. Vogel (HOU), are also gratefully acknowledged. Special thanks are extended to Michael Hyzak (BRG) for assistance in developing the design recommendations. Products Research Product P1, draft specifications for grouted vertical-duct connectors, is included as Chapter 9 of this research report. vii viii TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................1 1.1 PRECAST BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION IN TEXAS ............................................................................1 1.2 PREVIOUS RESEARCH AT THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN............................................4 1.3 CHALLENGES AND NEEDS .........................................................................................................8 1.4 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES.............................................................................................................9 1.5 SCOPE ......................................................................................................................................10 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE SURVEY .................................................................................................11 2.1 GROUTED VERTICAL-DUCT CONNECTIONS ............................................................................11 2.2 PRECAST BENT CAPS...............................................................................................................17 2.3 ANCHORAGE OF REINFORCING BARS......................................................................................20 2.3.1 MECHANICS OF BOND ..............................................................................................20 2.3.2 BOND STRESS ...........................................................................................................27 2.3.3 ANCHORAGE OF BARS IN GROUT .............................................................................29 2.3.4 CODE PROVISIONS ON DEVELOPMENT LENGTH.......................................................33 CHAPTER 3 CURRENT USE AND CONSTRAINTS .........................................................................37 3.1 PRECAST BENT CAP ANALYSIS AND DESIGN PROCEDURES....................................................37 3.1.1 SELECTION OF TRIAL BENT CONFIGURATION..........................................................42 3.1.2 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF BENT .............................................................................43 3.1.3 DETERMINATION OF CONNECTION ACTIONS ...........................................................44 3.1.4 SELECTION OF CONNECTION TYPE...........................................................................44 3.1.5 SELECTION OF CONNECTOR CONFIGURATION .........................................................45 3.1.6 ANALYSIS OF CONNECTOR CONFIGURATION...........................................................45 3.1.7 DETERMINATION OF CONNECTOR TYPE AND EMBEDMENT.....................................46 3.1.8 SELECTION OF TRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENT........................................................46 3.2 CURRENT PRECAST BENT CAP CONSTRUCTION......................................................................46 3.2.1 LAKE RAY HUBBARD BRIDGE PROJECT...................................................................46 3.2.2 LAKE BELTON BRIDGE PROJECT..............................................................................50 3.2.3 DALLAS HIGH FIVE PROJECT ...................................................................................54 3.3 LIMITATIONS AND NEED FOR RESEARCH ................................................................................57 CHAPTER 4 OVERVIEW OF EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM ........................................................59 4.1 TEST PARAMETERS..................................................................................................................59 4.1.1 BAR COATING ..........................................................................................................60 4.1.2 DUCT MATERIAL ......................................................................................................60 4.1.3 EMBEDMENT DEPTH.................................................................................................62 4.1.4 GROUP EFFECTS .......................................................................................................62
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