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Analysis of the State of the Art of Precast Concrete Bridge Substructure Systems

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Analysis of the State of the Art of Precast Concrete Bridge Substructure Systems e SPR 687 OCTOBER 2013 Analysis of the State of the Art of Precast Concrete Bridge Substructure Systems e Arizona Department of Transportation Research Center Analysis of the State of the Art of Precast Concrete Bridge Substructure Systems Final Report 687 October 2013 Prepared by: Joshua T. Hewes, Ph.D., P.E. AZTrans: The Arizona Laboratory for Applied Transportation Research Northern Arizona University Department of Civil Engineering, Construction Management, and Environmental Engineering Flagstaff, AZ 86011‐6050 Prepared for: Arizona Department of Transportation 206 South 17th Avenue Phoenix, Arizona 85007 In cooperation with U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration This report was funded in part through grants from the Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data, and for the use or adaptation of previously published material, presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the Arizona Department of Transportation or the Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. Trade or manufacturers’ names that may appear herein are cited only because they are considered essential to the objectives of the report. The U.S. government and the State of Arizona do not endorse products or manufacturers. Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No. FHWA‐AZ‐13‐687 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Analysis of the State of the Art of Precast Concrete Bridge Substructure Systems October 2013 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author 8. Performing Organization Joshua T. Hewes, Ph.D., P.E. Report No. 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. AZTrans: The Arizona Laboratory for Applied Transportation Research Northern Arizona University 11. Contract or Grant No. College of Engineering and Natural Sciences Civil and Environmental Engineering Department SPR 000‐1 (177) 687 P.O. Box 15600 Flagstaff, AZ 86011‐5600 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report & Period ARIZONA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Covered 206 S. 17th Avenue, Phoenix, AZ 85007 FINAL REPORT . 14. Sponsoring Agency Code 15. Supplementary Notes Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration 16. Abstract Precasting of bridge substructure components holds potential for accelerating the construction of bridges, reducing impacts to the traveling public on routes adjacent to construction sites, improving bridge durability and hence service life, and reducing the environmental impacts that are associated with cast‐in‐place construction operations. Use of precast concrete substructures has been limited in the United States; only recently have state departments of transportation (DOTs) developed and implemented technologies that speed construction through the use of prefabricated columns, cap beams, and footings. In this research, the author gathered relevant information on the use of precast substructures by state DOTs, and analyzed existing technologies for appropriateness of use on typical bridges within Arizona. Drawing from the collected literature, the author makes recommendations for implementing precast substructures. 17. Key Words 18. Distribution Statement 23. Prefabricated, Substructure, Precast Concrete, ABC Document is available to the Registrant's U.S. Public through the National Seal Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia, 22161 Not 19. Security 20. Security Classification 21. No. of 22. Price Applicable Classification Pages Unclassified Unclassified 124 SI* (MODERN METRIC) CONVERSION FACTORS APPROXIMATE CONVERSIONS TO SI UNITS Symbol When You Know Multiply By To Find Symbol LENGTH in inches 25.4 millimeters mm ft feet 0.305 meters m yd yards 0.914 meters m mi miles 1.61 kilometers km AREA in2 square inches 645.2 square millimeters mm2 ft2 square feet 0.093 square meters m2 yd2 square yard 0.836 square meters m2 ac acres 0.405 hectares ha mi2 square miles 2.59 square kilometers km2 VOLUME fl oz fluid ounces 29.57 milliliters mL gal gallons 3.785 liters L ft3 cubic feet 0.028 cubic meters m3 yd3 cubic yards 0.765 cubic meters m3 NOTE: volumes greater than 1000 L shall be shown in m3 MASS oz ounces 28.35 grams g lb pounds 0.454 kilograms kg T short tons (2000 lb) 0.907 megagrams (or "metric ton") Mg (or "t") TEMPERATURE (exact degrees) oF Fahrenheit 5 (F-32)/9 Celsius oC or (F-32)/1.8 ILLUMINATION fc foot-candles 10.76 lux lx fl foot-Lamberts 3.426 candela/m2 cd/m2 FORCE and PRESSURE or STRESS lbf poundforce 4.45 newtons N lbf/in2 poundforce per square inch 6.89 kilopascals kPa APPROXIMATE CONVERSIONS FROM SI UNITS Symbol When You Know Multiply By To Find Symbol LENGTH mm millimeters 0.039 inches in m meters 3.28 feet ft m meters 1.09 yards yd km kilometers 0.621 miles mi AREA mm2 square millimeters 0.0016 square inches in2 m2 square meters 10.764 square feet ft2 m2 square meters 1.195 square yards yd2 ha hectares 2.47 acres ac km2 square kilometers 0.386 square miles mi2 VOLUME mL milliliters 0.034 fluid ounces fl oz L liters 0.264 gallons gal m3 cubic meters 35.314 cubic feet ft3 m3 cubic meters 1.307 cubic yards yd3 MASS g grams 0.035 ounces oz kg kilograms 2.202 pounds lb Mg (or "t") megagrams (or "metric ton") 1.103 short tons (2000 lb) T TEMPERATURE (exact degrees) oC Celsius 1.8C+32 Fahrenheit oF ILLUMINATION lx lux 0.0929 foot-candles fc cd/m2 candela/m2 0.2919 foot-Lamberts fl FORCE and PRESSURE or STRESS N newtons 0.225 poundforce lbf kPa kilopascals 0.145 poundforce per square inch lbf/in2 *SI is the symbol for the International System of Units. Appropriate rounding should be made to comply with Section 4 of ASTM E380. (Revised March 2003) TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 3 BACKGROUND ......................................................................................................................................... 3 SCOPE OF RESEARCH ............................................................................................................................... 4 ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT ............................................................................................................. 5 CHAPTER 2. REVIEW OF CURRENT PRACTICE AND LITERATURE ............................................................ 7 FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION .................................................................................................... 7 Prefabricated Bridge Elements and Systems ....................................................................................... 7 Accelerated Construction Technology Transfer (ACTT) ..................................................................... 10 NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM ................................................................. 11 NCHRP Synthesis 324 (TRB 2003) ...................................................................................................... 11 PCI “GUIDELINES FOR ABC”.................................................................................................................... 12 STATE DOT PRACTICE AND RESEARCH ................................................................................................... 13 Alabama ............................................................................................................................................ 13 California ........................................................................................................................................... 13 Florida ................................................................................................................................................ 16 Michigan ............................................................................................................................................ 17 Oregon ............................................................................................................................................... 18 Texas .................................................................................................................................................. 18 Utah ................................................................................................................................................... 19 Washington ....................................................................................................................................... 20 REVIEW OF PRECAST SUBSTRUCTURE PROJECTS ................................................................................... 24 California ........................................................................................................................................... 24 Florida ................................................................................................................................................ 27 Georgia .............................................................................................................................................. 28 Maine ...............................................................................................................................................
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