THE

Virginia Teacher

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Volume II FEBRUARY, 1921 Number 2

CONTENTS I. "Daekwatee" and ''The Upwaed Path" John W. Wayland 31 II. Giving Intelligent Attention to the Physical Weleaee op Childeen: An Experience Grace Brinton 36 III. Helps poe the Teaching op Yieginia Histoey 38 TV. Home Economics Aids 40 V, Yieginia Association op Women's Colleges and Schools 40 VI. Educational Comment 47 (a) Virginia's Accredited Colleges and Institutions, (b) University of Virginia Summer School, (c) Smith-Towner Bill Makes Progress, (d) Richmond to Borrow Money for Schools, (e) Salaries at State-Supported Higher Institu- tions. (f) Night Schools at Winchester, (g) School Nurse in Shenandoah. VII. A Scholar's Contribution to Education: Cubber- ley's History of Education W. J. Gifford 48 VIH. Recent Books That Should Interest Teachers 7.. 50 IX. School Activities 52 X. News and Notes of the Alumnae 50

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Published December 1,1920

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The Rockingham Nationa I B ank 32 THE VIRGINIA TEACHER [Vol. II, No. 2 clearly a true cross-section of the Afro- in the clever devices of legal disfranchise- American mind. mient, m handicaps to education, and in con- Dr. Kerlin is a student of maturity and stant reminders of racial, social, and in- cosmopolitan training. Born in Missouri in 1866, he received his first academic de- dustrial inferiority. The fact that no Amer- grees from Central College, Fayette, IVdo. ican Negro troops were entered in the great Later he studied at 'Johns Hopkins, Chicago, peace parade in Paris on July 14, i9I9) was Harvard, and \ ale, receiving the Ph. D. attributed to race prejudice; and much dis- degree from Yale in 1906. He was a chap- appointment was later voiced regarding what was hoped for but not realized at the hands lain of Missouri volunteers in the Spanish- of the peace conference and the League of American W ar, and has been a teacher in a Nations. half-dozen institutions of higher learning. From 1905 to 1910 he was associate editor of In igig the tercentenary of Negro life I he Arena. In 1919 he was an instructor in in North America was widely celebrated. the A. E. F. University, Beaune, France. In the various programs the note of pride— Since 1910 he has been professor of English pride in progress—was in the major key, in the \ irginia Military Institute, at Lex- but blended with it was also an insistent ington. minor strain of suffering—of suffering be- cause of souls and bodies wronged. Lucian Regarding race riots and lynchings, the voice of the Negro is not essentially different • Watkins, in the following lines, hardly strikes the chord of pride at all: from the voice of sane white men. It is when such topics as the Negro's reactions "Three hundred years! Lord, these are they. to the World War, his grievances and de- These toil-worn souls brief-sweet with play These dream-charmed people, vision-eyed, mands, and his attitude towards labor union- Whose life-free goal is yet denied. ism and Bolshevism are discussed that our But these have heard the heavens say average citizen is specially interested, be- In answer to the prayer they pray, cause on these topics he lacks definite in- No Christly cause can perish—nay, formation. Though men be martyred, crucified Three hundred years! ' " The valor and sacrifice of the American Negro in the World War are naturally ex- "The indisposition of the Negro to join tolled, while certain real or fancied' dis- labor unions, to participate in strikes, or in criminations during the war and following any way to foment trouble is frequently com- the war are just as naturally complained of. mented upon in his papers." On the other As to valor and sacrifice, the following con- hand, some of the Negro papers and maga- cise summary was widely published: zines have not denied a measure of friend- liness toward Bolshevism and I. W. W. Are you aware that a Negro was the first propaganda. But in defense this is their American to receive the Croix de Guerre with palm and gold star? That three Negro answer; regiments and several battalions and com "If there is the least danger of the Negro pames were cited and had their flags race being influenced by revolutionary prop- decorated for valorous conduct? That Negroes aganda against the existing institutions of placed for the first time in artillery and sig- nal corps units won high distinction? That ureor» (;°thatUIJtiry could' be 18taken? tlle best The preventive answer meas-is so Negroes in the ear'v part of the war held 20 easy that no one really needs to be told. Stop Per ^eni .0f a11 ter,'ltory assigned to Ameri- the lynchings and burnings of Negroes' «nis. Thatn the Negro army was the health- Prove that the law was made for them as well iest on record? That out of 45,000 Negroes other citizens, that the government will engaged in battle only 9 were taken prisoners' Negroes fought to the death rather than sub' rightsH^hto as wellblack as thein white."the most elementary mit to captivity. That the Negroes establish- ed a record for continuous service in the And lest any one should jump to the con- trenches—191 days?" clusion that only black Americans have been As to discriminations, the press asserted infected with Bolshevist germs, let it be said widely and often bitterly that discrimina- that not all white Americans have proved tions during the war have been continued immune. And white men have declared that since the war in the customary lynchings, certain "white" periodicals in this country are dangerously Bolshevistic. February, 1921] TEE VIRGINIA TEACHER 33

Most Negro editors, according to Dr. ca; but when race and color get together in Kerlin's showing, while admitting that ef- America, in free, liberty-loving, humanity- forts are being made to convert our Negro defending America, it is altogether a differ- citizens (along wtith others) to Bolshevism, ent matter. make the admission in order to warn their Mr. Seligmann Was formerly a member readers against such propaganda. It is also of the editorial staffs of the New York Eve- asserted that the most influential leaders of ning Post and the New Republic. In seek- the colored churches are consistent in warn- ing an answer to America's great race prob- ing against dangerous incendiarisms. Tire lems, he has gathered his information at following exhortation, by Bishop George C. first hand—in Chicago, soon after the riots Clement, is cited as typical: there; in Washington, following the two- "I would urge all members of my race to day disgrace; in Omaha, and in other local- obey the law and keep clear of Bolshevism ities. The economic phases of the situation and all incendiary suggestions. We must are emphasized and the treatment as a whole demand protection of life and property by the government, which is guaranteed as the surest is such as to make all Americans think—all antidote for Bolshevism. I believe my people who care to think about things of vital con- should defend their homes and families. Cer- cern. tainly this crisis calls for great moderation and self-control. We still have faith in true "Darkwater" is a classic of its kind— democracy and expect a righteous race adjust- poetical, passionate, rebellious, radical, pes- ment." simistic, yet in many ways so tragically true This address was delivered at Knox- as to make an enemly pause, and in many ville, Tennessee, on September 9, 1919. It parts so sane as to give the philanthropist indicates some of the things that the Negro hope. If its author were not known to be is claimjing at the hands of society: Pro- a Negro, white people would read it as a tection of life and property, protection of sort of wonder book—a revelation in imagi- home and family, and a race adjustment nation and in the power of the English lan- upon the basis of righteousness. guage. Du Bois, in his ability to use the English More specifically, as Dr. Kerlin shows, tongue effectively, has few equals and per- the Negro wants education, he wants the haps no master. The borderland of his ballot, he wants participation in government rhapsodies lies close to the highway of his —representation on school boards, in city reasonings, but one can usually tell which is councils, on the police force, and on the Which without difficulty. If "Darkwater" boards of various public institutions. were his first book, or likely to be his last, "Social equality," as the term is usually em- there would be more need to seek adjectives ployed, is not desired by the majority of the of description; but as it is, he who will Negroes of America, according to their own may read, and so be qualified, perhaps, to press, though here and there it is advocated judge for himself. by small groups. What they do not No part of "Darkwater" is more inter- want is that sort of discrimination that esting than the first part, "Credo"; humiliates them and charges them con- tinually with inferiority and criminal pro- "I believe In God" . . . pensities. "I believe in the Negro Race" . . . "I believe in Service" . . . In "The Negro Faces America" the au- "I believe in the Devil and his angels" . . . thor, Seligmann, intimates that we, the peo- "I believe in the Prince of Peace." ple of the United States, or some of us, "I believe in Liberty for all men" . . . while we have good vision ordinarily and can "I believe in the Training of Children, black even as white" . . . see straight into most questions, have ob- "I believe in Patience" . . , viously a blind spot when color attaches itself to a race question. We may be able to see And yet, in spite of this profession, the cleariy and completely regarding the French, reader of "Darkwater" constantly feels that the Germans, the Turks, the Hindoos, and the writer finds patience a hard faith. For even regarding the Chinese in China, the Du Bois resents bitterly the humiliations put Japanese in Japan, and the Negroes in Afri- upon his race, and in his demands he perhaps 34 THE VIRGINIA TEACHER [Vol. II, No. 2 asks for too much too quickly. He perhaps tells the thrilling story of "Hayti and Tous- does not acknowledge enough the wonderful saint L'Ouverture." upward steps his race has taken in this Other we'll known writers who were laid country in fifty years. He perhaps is not under tribute for "The Upward Path" are duly optimistic over the fact that in Amer- Paul Laurence Dunbar, Booker T. Wash- ica the Whites have been losers and the blacks ington, Charles W. Chesnutt, and Frederick gainers. If he could put his patience faith Douglass. Others less famous, but hardly somewhat more into practice, the gains to less wlorthy of fame, are James Weldon all would probably be enhanced or at least Johnson, Matthew A. Henson, Lillian B. made more secure. Radical blacks are al- Witten, and William Henry Sheppard. most as dangerous as radical whites. Johnson contributes four pieces, among them But in spite of Du Bois's radicalism, a masterpiece, "Behind a Georgia Mule" his rebelliousness, and his pessimism, one can- Henson writes of "A Negro Explorer at the not but admire his vision and revel in his North Pole." Miss Witten tells of "Co- riot of rainbows, thunderstorms, and wind operation and the Latin Class" and "The melodies. "The Princess of the Hither Knighting of Donald." Sheppard describes Isles," following his chapter on "The Hands Animal Life in the Congo" and "A Great of Ethiopia," is a marvelous allegory, even Kingdom in the Congo." if one cannot tell what it means; and the poem, The Prayers of God," following the Sheppard, whose address some years ago chapter "On Beauty and Death," is like the at the University of Virginia was listened cry of a bound but writhing and raging Ti- to with much interest by the reviewer, is a tan. In certain parts of the book, for ex- native of Virginia, born at Waynesboro in ample, in Chapter VI, "Of the Ruling of 1005, who has done a notable work as a Men, the author reveals his power as a sane missionary in Africa. He is a Fellow of the and constructive sociologist. Royal Geographical Society. Booker T. "Darkwater" must be read to be ap- Washington was also a native of Virginia^ as is also John W. Cromwell, who contrib- preciated. Even then it will probably not be understood. And unless the reader is quite utes the interesting history of Paul Cuffe. sane, mature in experience, saasoned with Cromwell was born in Portsmouth in 1846, at least a little suffering, and remarkably r) 1 'r-ia Iawyer and writer of prominence! judicial in spirit and habit, it will most Paul Cuffe was a Negro merchant and phil- probably be misunderstood. anthropist of Revolutionary days. And herein we have perhaps discovered Some years ago I heard Dr. Charles W the most fateful divergence of tendencies, Kent, in one of his lectures at the University of Virginia, say that he believed it not only comparing "Darkwater" with "The Upward Path." The latter is not only likely to be fair but also desirable to put into our school understood, it is also not likely to be mis- readers at least a few pieces about Negroes understood. Possibly the comparison might —such pieces as will let white children know be made more forceful and also more class- that Negroes are human beings and that they ical by a reference to the old fable of the may also be heroes and heroines. It seemls wind and the sun. to me that "The Upward Path" will offer a fine opportunity to those teachers and text- In most of the sixty-five pieces that make book-makers who may entertain similar con- up the sunshine book, the average reader victions. would hardly bother to ask the question, Was the writer white or black?" And if What is the conclusion of the Whole some meddler should volunteer, "That piece matter? What is the solution of the race was written by a nigger," the same average problem in the United States of North reader would probably say, "I don't care if America? It is the same as the solution any- it was," and read on. And it is only fair where else and everywhere else in the world: to say that tw)o of the selections in "The it is the Golden Rule. This means a square deal. It means simple justice. Upward Path" are from the pen of Du Bois. In charming style he writes of "My First But a square deal is square on both sides; and justice is justice only when right and School," and with fine historical balance he duty on one side balance right and duty on FKBBUAnr, 1921] THE VIRGINIA TEACHER 35 the other. Truth and old-fashioned honesty, never will be. It will be possible to start not to say chivalry and honor, will often help another war in this country, but it will never very much in the search after justice and be possible to array ail of any race against right. all of any other race, just because of race. It might be well for the Negro in this And suppose it were possible? Suppose it country to remember that he has gained were possible to array all the white men of racially and socially while the white man this country and other countries against all has lost. It might be well for the white non-white men in this country and all other man to remember that the Negro did not countries, what would be the result? Who come to this country upon his own initiative can tell? If a large majority in numbers —he came at the "urgent invitation" of the would be any determining factor, the wrong white man. It might be well for the Negro party might be eliminated in the final wind- to remember that he is in the majority, so up. That would be too bad. It would be far as his desire for a really square deal is too bad either way. concerned: most white men as well as most And why should it be necessary to talk black men want him to have that. It might of such things when there is a more excellent be well for the white man to remember that way, and that way so plain and easy? Have the large majority of cases of blood-mixing we not had enough of the bitter fruits of in this country are not chargeable to the race prejudice (blindness to justice) in the Negro, but to the white man. In short, if recent war? This War grew out of race we are in danger of "social equality" the prejudice more than from anything else— White men of this country have the chief more than from all things else. cause and the chief cure in their own hands— Several years ago I traveled a consider- without any resort to force or violence. able distance on the trains to hear an eminent This permits one to say a word about a student of sociology lecture on the race recent attempt to organize another Ku-Klux question, the race problem, in this country. Klan. Such a move at this time is At one of the stations, as I neared my des- almost certain to result in misfortune tination, a dear old lady came into the coach rather than in good fortune. Such; and sat down in the seat with me. In our an organization is almost certain to talk I said: exert its activities not on the side of "I am going to C— to hear Dr. D— law and order, but rather in opposition to lecture on the Negro problem." them. Prejudice and passion are almost cer- She smiled and then she answered. This tain to direct it rather than justice and fair- was her answer: mindedness. To be sure, if the aim of our "I think they are doing very well. I civilization be to exterminate the Negro— treat them right and they treat me right." or to exterminate somebody—then a revival And that, I found, was also Dr. D— 's of the Ku-Klux and similar agencies may solution. serve the purpose. It is easy enough to stir Can any one find a better way? Can any up war and massacre. But what is all this one find any other way? talk we have recently heard about a war for Optimism and justice are obviously pre- humanity? Or is it that Negroes are not ferable to pessimism and injustice. human, and that human beings have no hu- John W. Wayland manity toward lower animals? Yes, a war of extermination is always possible, easily possible, where race prejudice has its perfect In 1841 the young woman who taught work. country school received $2.50 a week. This But before any such program is started year the typical teacher in rural schools re- it may be well to ask where it would stop. ceives $17.50 for each week she teaches, an Are the majority of white men in the United increase of 600 per cent. In spite of the in- States willing to exterminate any people creases, however, the average pay for teach- just on the ground of race and color, Ne- ers has never risen as high as wages paid to groes, Chinese, Japanese, or Indians? No, such artisans as blacksmiths, carpenters, and they are not. They never have been and they painters. 36 THE VIRGINIA TEACHER [Vol. II, No. 2

n. if we are to possess a "living state" the children in these homes must grow up to GIVING INTELLIGENT ATTEN- be happy, useful citizens. TION TO THE PHYSICAL Home economics specialists appreciate the fact that the attractive preparation of WELFARE OF CHILDREN wholesomie food is not enough, but that AN EXPERIENCE children must be encouraged to eat these foods with pleasure and with a knowledge Last fall the members of the home eco- of what foods are nourishing for them. nomics department of the Harrisonburg It is estimated by the best authorities State Normal School assembled and discuss- that three out of every four children in the ed plans for the year's work. It was en- country are suffering from some special de- couraging to find that each member had been fect which might be prevented or corrected. following with keen interest the work of the Ibis means that there are, perhaps, 15,000,- Child Health Organizations of the country. 000 such school children in this country to- Ideas were exchanged in regard to the work day. Every one of these children, handi- being done in some of the various health and capped however slightly by some physical nutrition centers in New York City, Chi- defect, is failing to attain quite the physical cago, and Boston, with which some of our and intellectual development of which he is members had been actively associated during capable. When weighed and measured the summer. these children will all be just a little below Some of the states have splendidly or- standard. Moreover, of these 15,000,000 ganized departments; and it was agreed that handicapped children there is a large group, the greatest piece of work our department estimated at possibly 6,000,000, who are in could do during the year was to enlist the such bad physical condition and who fall so interest of the schools of Harrisonburg in decidedly below the normal standard of improving the child health conditions and weight for their age and height that their at the same time give our normal school condition demands immediate ' recognition practice teachers an opportunity to learn of and attention. From one cause or another this important work and carry it into the every member of this great group of child- schools of Virginia as the}' go out to their ren is suffering not merely from one, but respective positions in the coming fall. from many, physical defects. They consti- Everyone is interested in the health of tute the class of "malnourished" children, children, but not all are awakened to the whose great number is a shame to our civi- necessity of teaching health and fixing health lization. Fhese children who do not meas- habits so that they may make for the high- ure up to the standard become, in later years, est degree of physical efficiency in manhood the men and women who do not measure and womanhood. It is not necessary that up the men who are physically unfit to the home economics teacher alone should be bear arms in their country's time of need, responsible for the teaching of health, but the women who are physically unfit to be- every teacher of children should realize come the mothers of men." that a high type of mental work is impossi- Our home economics department has felt ble when the physical condition is below the urgency so keenly that it prepared its normal. Degree Class in dietitics and nutrition to No teacher has a greater opportunity in 'assist in combating all cases of malnutrition this field than the home economics worker. that might exist in the schools of Harrison- Her vision has been broadened, her interest burg. That we might secure the ready co- has been stimulated, to include not only the operation of all the teachers of the training mechanical duties of the house—cooking, school and the parents as well, it wlas thought sewing, and household management—but also advisable to secure the help of an outside the more vital problems of the home; for person who was known to be an authority the house is but the "place in which the upon the subject and an inspiration to her home, the living unit of a living state, is audiences. made." And these 'livingi units" are the Miss Sally Lucas Jean, Director of the children reared in that home. Furthermore, Child Health Organization of America, Fkbruaby, 1921] THE VIRGINIA TEACHER 37 with headquarters at 156 Fifth Avenue, things it should do nor to break bad habits New York City, was extended a very ur- which have been slowly forming. gent invitation to address an open meeting The Child Health Organization gives of the Harrisonburg Educational Associa- only eight health essentials which, it says, tion and we were most happy in having her should be emphasized every school day: accept it. To our great delight every one Was alive A full bath more than once a week. to the merit of the movement. Some of Miss Brushing the teeth at least once every Jean's suggestions were speedily put into ef- day. fect the very next day by Miss Porter and Sleeping long hours with windows open. her third grade, in the Harrisonburg Train- ing School. A Klim Club was organized and Drinking as much milk as possible, but every child agreed to bring a bottle of milk no coffee or tea. each day, to be taken as a forenoon lunch. Eating some vegetables or fruit every Straws were provided for drinking the bev- day. erage, making it both sanitary and a pleasure Drinking at least four glasses of water for the children. Every club must have its a day. own song, yell, and secrets and these the Playing part of every day out of doors. children suggested. A boivel movement every morning. These are some of the yells formulated: It has been found that the easiest method We are strong; We are strong; of interesting a child in his own health con- To the Klim Club dition is to interest him in his weight. Every We belong. child loves to be weighed, and it is for the Two, four, six, eight; teacher to compare the actual weight with What do we appreciate? the standard weight for that height and age. Milk! Milk! Milk! If the child falls below this standard weight Rub, dub, dub; he is below par, and usually he is eager to Rubi dub, dee; resort to any method of restoring himself to We're the Klim Club, Don't you see? normal, if he feels that by so doing he can rival some _ stronger child who has always The following song is to the tune of been an object of envy or fear. "Drink Her Down." Here is where the nutrition expert has Here's to good old milk, drink her down; an opportunity to suggest the right kinds of Here's to good old milk, drink her down- foods, and to recommend the school doctor Here's to good old milk, She will make you well and sound; and nurse if physical defects are apparent. Drink her down, Our nutrition class has begun its work Drink her down. of weighing and measuring the children of Drink her down, down, down. the grades and with the help of the teachers It has been a bit hard to discover the it hopes to repeat this work once every dub secrets. When one small girl said she month. Out of two grades 58 were weighed did not like milk and was going to give it and 41 were found to be under weight; and to her neighbor, she was reminded of one of 26 were found to be 7% below weight, or the club secrets you must not let any one malnourished. The actual weight and the know you don't like milk." This being the standard weight of each child are recorded, case, she had to drink the milk herself—but and both are given to the Child on a tag the secret was out. which he carries home to his parents. Ehe second grade has done some inter- I his is only a very small beginning of esting work in illustrating the health rules the important work we hope to do; but whoi as compiled by the Child Health Organiza- can say that any teacher has failed of her tion. These rules are so simple that even highest good who is instrumental in bringing the youngest child can understand; and if the children of her school up to the highest the habit is fixed in early Childhood, there standard of physical efficiency, thereby mak- will not be the need of the mothers attempt- ing happier homes and more useful citizens. ing to force the child later in life to do those Grace Brinton 38 THE VIRGINIA TEACHER [Vol. II, No. 2

III table of dates HELPS FOR THE TEACHING OF 1492-—Columbus brings over the flag of Spain VIRGINIA HISTORY 1497—The Cabots bring over the flag of England FOURTH INSTALMENT 1584—Raleigh sends over explorers Below' is presented a table of dates. 1585—Queen Elizabeth names our land These dates are interesting and more or less Virginia important in the history of Virginia and 1607—A hundred Englishmen settle James- America. town, May 13 1609—John Smith returns to England It is not expected or recommended that pupil or teacher should memorize this list, 1613—Pocahontas. marries John Rolfe though it is not too much to say that the Governor Dale gives each man a farm well educated teacher will know miost of 1617—Death of Pocahontas, in England the items included therein sooner or later. 1619—A red-letter year: This list is given for convenient reference— First House of Burgesses meets, for such use by teacher and pupil alike—and July 30 also to supplement the textbooks in some Real home life begins in Virginia cases; for it is not probable that any one text A ship load of tobacco is sent to Eng- will chronide every important event that is land tabulated in this list. A shipload of negroes are made slaves For purposes of review, as well as for A college is planned at Henrico daily reference, this list mlay be found use- 1622—First massacre by the Indians ful. It may be utilized with good effect if 1624—Virginia made a royal colony the pupil is required to look it over with a 1634—Eight counties laid out view toward selecting the twenty or the 1642—Civil war breaks out in England thirty dates that are most important in Vir- ginia history. This will be a fine exercise 1644—Second massacre by the Indians for teacher and pupils together. After an 1649—King Charles I is executed approved list of, say, twenty dates has been 1660—The kingship is restored in England made, it will be found that most of those 1676—Bacon's Rebellion selected are already learned. Too much 1682—The Tobacco Rebellion emphasis on dates should be avoided, but at the same time it should be remembered that 1693—College of William & Mary founded 1698—The capital moved to Williamsburg any citizen who cannot recall at least a few I facts and dates in connection cannot be re- I7 6—Spotswood crosses the Blue Ridge garded as very proficient in the history of 1732—Another red-letter year: his country.. George Washington born, Feb. 22 Jost Bite settles near Winchester For any one who wishes to remember John Lewis settles near Staunton dates, the following simple rules are offered: Building of Independence Hall begun 1—Make a select list. Ddd—William Byrd lays out Richmond and Petersburg 2—Learn it. 1736—Virginia Gazette first published at 3—.—Use or review the items occasionally. Williamsburg 1743—Thomas Jefferson bom, April 13 Dates may not be of first importance in 1748—Washington begins surveying for history study, but they are great conveniences Faii'fax for keeping greater things in their proper 1750—Thomas Walker goes through Cum- places and relations. The person who turns berland Gap up his nose at dates probably does not know 1753—Washington carries the Governor's very many. message February, 1921] THE VIRGINIA TEACHER 39

1755—Braddock's army ambushed 1831—McCormick makes his first reaper 1759—The British capture Quebec ][839—Virginia Military Institute established 1763—End of the long war tSsg—John Brown's raid at Harper's Ferry Patrick Henry makes his first great 1861—First battle of Manassas, July 21 speech Richmond made the capital of the 1765—Patrick Henry speaks against the Confederacy Stamp Act 1862—Jackson's Valley Campaign, May- 1774—Continental Congress meets at Phil- June adelphia, September 5 Lee's first defence of Richmond, Battle of Point Pleasant, October 10 May-July 1775—Washington called to be a soldier Second Manassas, August 29, 30 again Battle of Antietam, Maryland, Sep- 1776—A third red-letter year: tember 17 Lord Dunmore leaves Virginia Battle of Fredericksburg, Dec 13 George Mason writes our Bill of 1863—Battle of Chancellorsville, May 2, 3 Rights Death of Stonewall Jackson, May 10 Thomas Jefferson writes the Decla- West Virginia made a state by Con- ration of Independence gress, June 20 1777—Henry Clay bom Battle of Gettysburg, Pa., July 1—3 General Burgoyne surrenders, Oct. 17 1864—Lee meets Grant in the Wilderness, I77S—France recognizes our independence May 5—6 079—Clark conquers the Northwest Death of General Stuart, May 12 1780—Battle of King's Mountain Battle of New Market, May 15 The Crater explosion at Peters- 1781—Surrender of Cornwallis at York- burg, July 30 town, October 19 Battle of Cedar Creek, October 19 1 784—Virginia cedes her northwest terri- 1865—Petersburg and Richmond given up, tory to the Union April 2, 3 '787—Northwest Ordinance framed General Lee surrenders, April 9 Federal Constitution made General Lee becomes a teacher, Oct. 1789—Washington made first President 1868—Maury also locates at Lexington, The Bastille stormed at Paris September 1792—Kentucky becomes a state 1870—Our present public school system 1793—Whitney invents the cotton gin established 099—Washington dies at Mt. Vernon Death of General Lee, October 12 1800—Washington City becomes the 1884—Farmville Normal School established national capital 1902—Virginia adopts her fifth constitution 1 Sox—John Marshall appointed Chief 1907—Jamestown Exposition held near Justice Norfolk 1803—Jefferson buys Louisiana Monument to John Smith erected at 1804—Lewis and Clark start westward Jamestown 1807—Robert E. Lee bom, January 19 1914—Virginia votes 30,000 majority for 1809—Edgar Allan Poe born, January 19 prohibition, September 22 Abraham Lincoln bom, February 12 Tablet to Pocahontas unveiled at 1811—Richmond theatre burns Jamestown, October 24 1918—Women admitted to William and 1819—University of Virginia chartered Mary College 1823—Monroe Doctrine proclaimed 19x9 Founding of House of Burgesses 1824—Lafayette's last visit 1 celebrated at Richmond, August 15 825—University of Virginia opened to 1920—University of Virginia admits women students to certain departments 40 THE VIRGINIA TEACHER [Vol. IX, No. 2

IV Much investigation has been made of late in regard to the textbooks used in home eco- HOME ECONOMICS AIDS nomics subjects. Probably in no other phase The progressive teacher of home econo- of work is it so hard to find a suitable text mics can not limit herself to the use of one as in the ever changing subjects relating to of the available textbooks written upon her the home. As civilization progresses, as the subject nor to her own college notebook, standards of the community rise, so the helpful as either may be, if she would keep methods of teaching must be revised to meet abreast of the times. She must, on the con- these changing conditions. trary, avail herself of the wealth of new The teacher will find it necessary to se- reference material issued daily in pamphlet, magazine, or newspaper form. Home Econ- lect that text which seems most fitted to the omics educators began to realize a few years age of her pupils and then adapt it to the ago that many more homes could be reached needs of the community. If wisely used as and helped if the knowledge they were im- supplementary work an up-to-date recipe parting through the classroom could be pop- book may be placed in the hands of a high ularized and sent broadcast throughout the school student to very good advantage. It country in the various periodicals. Dis- will relieve the necessity of much dictation cretion must be used, it is true, in the choice which steals the time from the regular reci- and selection of such material; but the stu- tation period; and it will give the student dent soon learns what is authentic and what a knowledge of a reliable source for future is not, and is able to collect much valuable reference. source material. The book adopted by the State Text- The Federal Government is able to put book Commission of Virginia as a text in out the information obtained by a number foods and cookery is Elements of Theory of expert research workers in bulletin form and Practise of Cookery, by Williams and at a nominal cost. These bulletins should Fisher, and for textiles and clothing, Shel- be in the hands of every high school student. ter and Clothing, Parts 1 and II, by Kinne The agricultural extension departments of and Cooley. most states contribute much valuable infor- Each home economics teacher should mation for their own localities, although bend every effort to build up her reference many of these bulletins are applicable to other library with the latest and most approved sections of the country as well. No teacher of books and periodicals and keep these in con- home economics should fail to have access to stant use. We are, therefore, glad to recom- a few of the best technical journals and mend a small list of books which the Home magazines. She may increase this number Economics Department of the State Normal by taking one or two herself and adding School at Harrisonburg has found reliable others to the list of library periodicals. and of great value as reference material.

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY OF HOME ECONOMICS TEXTS TEXTBOOKS FOU HIGH SCHOOLS Preferred Texts are Starred Title of Book i Author Publisher | Date [ Price *1. E'ood and Home Cooking- Carlotta Greer - 2. Domestic Science Princi- . ... Allyn and Bacon | 1320 J ples and Application .Pearl L, Bailey. 3. The Science of Home- .Webb Pub. Co, Minn.. 1914 Making 4. A Laboratory Manual of Pirie Scott, Foresman & Co. 1915 .90 Foods and Cookery .Matteson and Newlands. 5. Pood Study Macmillan .... 1916 $1.50 6. A Textbook of Domestic Wellman ..Little, Brown & Co.. 1917 $1.00 Science 7. Foods and Household Campbell Macmillan .... 1913 .90 Management ....Kinne and Cooley..,. Macmillan 1914 $1.10 8. Shelter and Clothing .. ..Kinne and Cooley.... Macmillan .... 1913 $1.10 February, 1921] THE VIRGINIA TEACHER 41 TEXTBOOKS FOR GRADES Title of Book Author I Publisher Date I Price Household Arts for Homei and School. 2 Vol. .Cooley and Spohr. Macmillan 1919 [ $1.50 Food and the Family. .Kinne and Cooley. Macmillan 1917 I .85 Food and Health I .Kinne and Cooley. Macmillan Elements of Theory and! 1916 1 .65 Practice I .Williams and Fisher Macmillan 1 $1.00 NUTRITION FOR HIGH SCHOOLS Title of Book Author Publisher Date | Price Feeding- the Family .... Rose Macmillan 1916 $2.10 The American Home Diet .McCollum and Simmonds. .Frederick C. Mathews. 1920 $3.65 The Care and Feeding of Co. Detroit Children Holt Chemistry of Food and Appleton 1915 .75 Nutrition Sherman Macmillan 1918 $2.00 Dietetics for High School , ...Willard and Gillett.. . , Macmillan 1921 Diet in Health & Disease Freedenwald and Ruhhah. Saunders TABLE SERVICE Title of Book I Author Publisher | Date 1 Price ♦1. The Up-to-date Waitress!. Hill Littlev Brown ....! 1914 $1.50 2. Expert Waitress , Springsteed . . Harpers I 1912 $1.00 ♦3. Table Service I >Allen Dittle, Brown ....] 1915 4. Serving and Waiting ... . j Marchant 5. The Hostess 'of Today..!, ...Dinda Hull Darned.. 6. Etiquette of the Table..|, Manhattan Agri. College. (Manhattan Agric. College .15 COOK BOOKS Title of Book I Author Publisher Date | Price ♦1. Boston Cooking School.. Cook Book Farmer (..Little, Brown & Co... $2.00 ♦2. Practical Cooking and 1916 Serving . Hill j. . . . Doubleday, Page.... $i.a9 3. Cooking for Two . Hill (..Little, Brown & Co... $1.50 TEXTILES AND CLOTHING Title of Book I Author I Publisher Date 1 Price »1. Shelter and Clothing .Kinne and Cooley. Macmillan 1913 $1.10 ♦2. Clothing for Women.... Baldt ♦3. Dressmaking Lippincoth 1917 $2.20 ♦4. Story of Cotton Plant... Pales ...... Scribner . 1917 ♦5. Household Arts for Home and School ....Cooley and Spohr.... Appleton 1915 .50 ♦6. Textiles .Woolman and McGowan. 7. Two Centuries of Cos- Macmillan 1919 $1.50 tume in America Earle . Macmillan 1913 Home Millinery Lessons. Tobey Lippincott | Clothing and Health .Kinne and Cooley. Macmillan | 1916 ♦10. School Needlework ...... Hapgood .... Ginn & Co HOME NURSING Title of Book Author Publisher Date | Price ♦1. Modern Methods in Nurs- ing Sanders ♦2. Home Nurses' Hand Book .W. B. Saunders, Phil.. 1919 of Practical Nursing. .. . Aiken .W. B. Saunders, Phil.. 3. Practical Nursing Maxwell and Pope ♦4. Prevention of Disease....) Winsiow Putnam 1914 $2.00 5. Red Cross Textbooks....) Saunders 1916 $1.75 6. Elementary Hygiene andl Home Care of the Sick..| Delano . 7. Diet in Health & Disease' A. P. Porter Blackiston 1913 $1.75 8. Food and Cooking for the! A. F. Porter . 1920 Sick and Convalescent...] Farmer 9. Human Mechanism„ , . |,. ..Hough and Sedgwick...} .. .Little,G innBrown & Co..& Co. 1912 $1.60 ♦10,, Home and Community] j 1906 $2.00 Hygiene ! Broadhurst ] Lippincott . 11. Home Nursing, Virginia! ( 1918 $2.00 Health Bulletin, No. 10..'State Department of Healthl Richmond 1920 .10 HOUSEHOLD MANAGEMENT Title of Book Author 1 Publisher Date | Price ♦1. Housewifery ! Balderston ] Lippincott 1919 $2.00 ♦2. Business of the Household] Taber ] Lippincott 1918 $2.00 ♦3. A Manual of Homemaking! Van Rensselaer, Rose and Macmillan 1919 $2.25 Cannon 4. The Efficient Kitchen ... I Child .. . McBride, Noth . . . . 1914 $1.25 5. Care of a House [ .... Clark Macmillan 1912 $1.50 Household Engineering..) .. Frederick .Whitcomb & Barrows. Market and Household] 1919 $2.00 Manual I Donham .Whitcomb & Barrows. Increasing Home Efflci-I 1917 $1.75 ency ' Bruire A Family Expense Ac Macmillan 1912 $1.50 count. Including Prob- lems of Investment and Expenditure Brookman | Heath 1914 10. Home Economics Parloa ( Century 1910 $1.50 42 THE VIRGINIA TEACHER [Vol. II, No. 2

REFERENCE BOOKS FOR FOODS AND COOKERY Title of Book I Author Publisher [ Date | Price 1. Food Products I Sherman 2. The Apple Book Commercial Club . Macmlllan 1914 82.25 3. Successful Canning and) Winchester, Va Preserving Ola Powell 4. Principles of Pood Pre-| Lippincott 1917 $2.00 Pa-ration | Chambers 5. The Pood Problem Kellogg and Taylor. .Whitcomb & Barrows. $1.00 6. Source Chemistry and Use| Macmillan 1917 $1.25 of Pood Products | Bailey 7. Pood and the War I..U.S. Pood Admistration.' • P. Blakiston, Phil 1914 8. Everyday Poods in War| . .Houghton Mifflin .80 Time ! Rose Macmlllan 1918 $1.00 HOUSEHOLD "NISHING Title of Rook Author Publisher *1. Interior Decoration for] Date | Price the Small Home Rolfe 2. The Practical Book of ... Macmillan | 1917 $1.25 Period Furniture 3. Interior Decoration McClure and Bberlein . .. Lippincott ... 4. Theory and Practice of Parsons Doubleday. Page 1915 $3.00 Teaching Art 5. The Practical Book of Dow Teachers College, N. Y.. 1912 $1.50 Interior Decoration Eberlein, M.Clure Holloway 6. Color Schemes for the Lippincott Home and Model Interiors IT. Frohne and B. Jackson Lippincott MAGAZINES AND PERIODICALS 1. Journal of Home Economics, 1211 Cathedral St., Baltimore. Maryland. Price 2. Good Housekeeping, 119 West loth Street, New York City Price ?2.00 3. American Cookery Magazine, Pub. by Boston Cooking School Magazine, Bos. Price $3.00 i. Mother and Child, American Hygiene Association. Baltimore, Maryland $1.50 5. The Manual Training Magazine, Manual Arts Press, Peoria, Illinois Price $1.25 6. Ladies Home Journal, Curtis Publishing Company, Philadelphia, Pa. Price $1.50 7. Woman's Home Companion, Crowell Publishing Company, New York Price $1.50 8. House and Garden, McBride and Nash Company ~ Price $3.00 9. House Beautiful, 3 Park Street, Boston, Mass. Price $2.50 10. The Delineator, Butterick Publishing Company, New York 1 Price $1.50 XI. Country Life, Doubleday Page and Company, New York — — - $5.00 12. Vogue, Conde Na'st, 19 West 44 Street, New York City Price 13. The Elite, 71 Suffolk Street, New York City $5.00 11. Bon Ton, Taylor Publishing Company, 16 West 39 Street, New York_-_- Price 15. Teachers College (Record and Bulletins), Teachers College, Columbia UnL, New $3.50 16. The Cornell Reading Course, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York York 17. University of Illinois, Bulletins, Urbana, Illinois. 18. Iowa Agricultural College, Bulletins, Ames. Iowa 19. The Housekeeping Experiment Station, 28 Hoyt Street, Stamford, Conn. 20. The Forecast Magazine, Forecast Publishing Co., 6 East 39th Street, New York

GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS Health, Disease and Sanitation Bulletins Order from the Superintendent of Docu- Publications of States Relation Service, ments, Government Printing Office, Washing- A. C. True ton, D. C. or from various departments. Publications of Office of Home Economies, the States Relation Service, C. P. FEDERAL BOARD FOB VOCATIONAL ED. Langworthy, Chief. Bulletins on vocational homemaking, DEPARTMENT OP INTERIOR Washington, D. C. Division of Home Economics, Bureau of Education, Mrs. Henrietta Calvin, Director DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Home Ed. Bureau, Bureau of Ed., Reading Place name on mailing list for monthly Pub- Courses for Parents lications Bureau of Mines, Saving Fuel in a House Farmers Bulletins Sanitation and other Publications of in- Agricultural Experimental Bulletins terest. HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OP HOME ECONOMICS 1. Education for the Home, Andrews, Part I, II, III, IV; Bureau of Ed. Washington, D. C. 2. History of Home Ec. Movement, Bevier & Voker, Whitecomb & Barrows Price $.75 3. Syllabus of Home Economics, Am. Home Ec. Asso., 1211 Cathedral St., Baltimore, Md. February, 1921] THE VIRGINIA TEACHER 43 EXHIBITS f E. C. Bridgman 86 Warren St. New York Meat Charts J Armour & Co Chicago (. Wilson Company Chicago Cereal Exhibit Postum Cereal Co Battle Creek, Mich. Vanilla Bean Exhibit J. Burnett and Co. '-Boston Mass. Baking Powder Exhibits Royal Baking Powder Co 135 William St., New York Spice Exhibit Stickney & Poor Spice Co Boston, Mass. Laundry Pamphlets Proctor & Gamble Cincinnati, Ohio Flour Exhibit Wash burn-Crosby Minneapolis,' Minn. Cocoa and Chocolate. Huyler & Co 64 Irving Place, Boston Corn Products Exhibit Com Product Refining Co New York Health Literature Child Health Org. of America 156 Fifth Ave., New York

METHODS OF TEACHING HOME ECONOMICS Teaching Home Economics, Cooley, Wlnchell Macmillan, 1919 Spohr, Marshall

EQUIPMENT less equipment, but if the older girls work in The problem of equipment is a difficult groups, they must have a sufficient number one when placed in the hands of an exper- of quantity sized utensils to prepare and ienced home economics teacher, in a regular serve the foods efficiently. laboratory; but what can the one-teacher The necessary towels, dish clothes, school do ? The teacher very possibly has cleaning cloths, holders, and aprons may be no training for this field of work, but many furnished by each student, made in her sew- of her children never have an opportunity to ing classes and kept as her own personal go further and the influence of such work is property at the end of the year, if they can so far-reaching that, despite the already over- not be purchased by the school. crowded curriculum, and lack of space and The preparation and serving of the hot equipment, much may be done if the work is lunch is one of the best ways to introduce centered around the hot lunch. The theore- courses in home-making into the rural school tical work could be given in connect- and, if the work is carefully organized and ion with history, geography, arithmetic, or a administered, it may be the means of im- reading lesson, and a corner of the cloak proving the physical condition of the children room, or even a part of the teacher's platform as well as serving real educational purposes. could be used for a kitchenette. If a kitchen cabinet and a two or three-burner oil stove EQUIPMENT FOR HOME ECONOMICS with a portable oven could be secured all the When considering desks, write to necessary equipment could be easily cared Federal Equipment Co., Carlisle, Pa. for. But a large drygoods box, or a few Kewaunee Mfg. Co., Kewaunee, Wisconsin. shelves and a table top, hinged to the wall so E. H. Sheldon Co., Muskegan, Michigan. C. Christansen, 2219 Grand Ave., Chicago. it may be dropped when not in use, may serve R. A. Fife Corporation, 70 Fifth Ave. very well to start with. A home-made fire- New York. N. Y. less cooker would also be a valuable piece of Leonard Peterson & Co.,1234-48 Fullerton equipment. The supplies, which will Avenue, Chicago, Illinois. probably be very eagerly contributed by the It is possible to have a local carpenter patrons of the school, should be kept in glass make a satisfactory table. This can fre- jars (fruit jars do nicely) or tin cans. A quently be done at less expense than purchas- tin can, painted white and labeled, presents ing the above finished desks. When space must be economized an inexpensive double a very attractive and sanitary appearance. table (students working from each side) can The necessary cooking utensils depend en- be made to accommodate ten students. The tirely upon the number of children and the following dimensions have proven fairly sat- locality. If the teacher does most of the isfactory for children in elementary grades— length, 11 ft; height, 30 inches; width, 34 work as demonstration and just one hot dish inches; burners 7 inches above top in one row is prepared each day, it will require much down center of table. 44 THE VIRGINIA TEACHER [Vol. II, No. 2

Shelf— 8 Inches below top, closed by board 1- 2 salt boxes hinged at shelf, with buttons on edge of top. 1- 2 pepper boxes This board divided into two Sections, each 5% 2- 4 dishpans feet long, hangs down below shelf while class 1- 2 nickel towel rods is at work. 1- 2 vegetable brushes Good finish for top of desks— 1- 4 scrubbing brushes Uni-vamlsh, Murphy Varnish Co., Ne- Sink Equipment wark, N. J. One gallon covers 125 square 1 sink with drain-boards (enamel pre- feet with one coat; four coats are needed. ferred) This is excellent in appearance, easily sink strainer cleaned, is not affected by water nor a towel rack reasonable amount of heat, lasts very well. soap shaker A good gas-humer for top of desks— soap dish garbage pail Vulcan 943, made by "VV. M. Crane Co., 1 hand basin Philadelphia, Pa. Fuel Equipment An ^excellent alcohol stove— For use on top of desk is made by Dangler coal range for Stove Co., Cleveland, Ohio. three or four burner oil rural stoves with portable oven districts For suggestions for arrangement of desks, see or "Equipment for Domestic Science Lab- Individual gas burners ") ratories," Kinne; also, Home Economics gas stove I for cities Journal, May 1920. coal range J coal and wood box How to keep a floor of a laboratory In good coal shovel condition Is a vexing problem. One means oil can which has proved fairly satisfactory is to stove brush start with a reasonably smooth floor, stain dust pan with medium flat walnut stain, follow with tea-kettle and Inset three coats of floor varnish and wax on top match holder of varnish. "Watch wear and re-wax where greatest wear shows once or twice a year.A Supplies Equipment floor treated thus, look's and wears well. 1 bread box The following list of equipment for home- 6 glass Jars (2 qts.) making departments in Virginia High Schools 6 glass jars (1 qt.) has been compiled by Miss Edith Baer, for- 6 small jelly tumblers for spices, etc. mer supervisor of Home Economics in this 1 medium pitcher state: 4 medium bowls (10 In.) 3 plates SUGGESTED LIST OF EQUIPMENT FOR HOME- 2 platters MAKING DEPARTMENTS 1 butter jar VIRGINIA HIGH SCHOOLS 1 flour firkin FOR TWELVE STUDENTS 1 sugar firkin Where two numbers are given, it is possible Utensil Closet to accomplish the work with the smaller num- 1 double boiler (2 qts.) ber of utensils, if group work is done. 1 double boiler (1 qt.) 2-4 saucepans with lids (2 qts.) Desk Equipment 1-2 saucepans with lids (1 qt.) 6-12 shallow layer cake tins (11 In.) 1 soup kettle (8 qts.) 6 tablespoons 1 Iron frying pan (10 in.) 6-12 teaspoons 1 wooden bowl 3- 6 case knives and forks 1 chopping knife 3- 6 paring knives 2-3 rolling pins 12 spatulas (5 in.) 1 bread mixer (Universal) 2- 4 small wooden spoon's 1 coffee pot 4- 6 measuring cups (one-half pint) 1 tea-pot 1- 2 egg beaters 1 scoth bowl and basket 1- 2 bowl strainers (medium sized 1 grater when for group) 1 onion grater 12 double boilers (1 pt.) 1 nutmeg grater 1- 2 saucepans with lids (1 pt) 12 small pi© pans 2- 4 small frying pans 3 large pie pans 6 earthenware custard cups 3 layer cake pans 2- 6 earthenware bowls (1 pt.) 2 sets muffin pans Februaet, 1921] THE VIRGINIA TEACHER 45

1 loaf cake pan Dining-room Furniture 2 baking sheets (Russia iron) 1 sponge cake pan 1 table 1 cork screw 6 or eight chairs 1 apple corer 1 serving table 1 potato rlcer closet for china 1 potato masher (wire) Hecomimended for less expensive equipment 1 potato masher (wooden) but not required. 1 ice pick 1 set Christy knives 1 can opener Sewing-room Furniture 1 carving knife and fork 2 or more tables with foot rest (3 by 1 knife sharpener 8 ft. and 36 Inches high) 1 spatula (6 in.) 1 Singer sewing machine for every 1 pair scissors 6 students at least. 1 bread board and knife 2 lemon reamers 1 long mirror 2-4-6 biscuit cutters closet for supplies 2 cookie cutters lockers for student's' supplies 1 doughnut cutter 12 chairs 1 cake turner blackboard 1 griddle 1 waffle iron China and Silver 3 cake coolers 1 colander 6 tumblers 1 trivet 1 water pitcher 1 large basting spoon 1 sugar and creamer 1 flour dredger 1 covered vegetable dish 1 sugar dredger 6 coffee cups and saucers 1 quart measure 6 teacups and saucers 3 knitting needles for testing vegeta- 2 medium sized platters bles, cakei, etc. 2 open vegetable dishes 1 dover egg beater 1 salad bowl 2 pastry boards (if not on desks) 2 salt shakers 1 ice cream freezer 6 dinner plates 1 casserole or baking dish 12 breakfast plates 1 tea strainer 6 bread and butter plates 1 coffee strainer 6 soup plates 3 asbestos mats 12 fruit saucers 1 roasting pan 2 serving trays 12 knives and forks Cleaning Equipment 12 teaspoons 1 fibre pall 6 tablespoons 1 wet mop 6 fruit knives 1 floor brush 1 broom Linen 1 dust pan and brush floor cloth 12 glass towels dusters 12 coarse towels scrubbing brush 12 small scrubbing cloths 12 dish cloths Kitchen Furniture 2 floor cloths 2 oven cloths 6 cooking tables (2 students each) 1 silence cloth "j 12 stools 1 table cloth 1 desired but could be blackboard 12 napkin's f borrowed in need clock 12 plate doilies j 2 cupboards for supplies 12 finger bowl dollies supply table 12 tumbler doilies 1 centerpiece Laundry Equipment 1 lunch cloth 2 sets wooden tubs 12 napkins 1 set Irons 1 Ironing board and table No provision has been made for the teach- 1 Ironing blanket and sheet ing of home-nursing and the care of the bed- 1 boiler room. but a room in the neighborhood of the sauce pan, etc., for starch school may be secured by the instructor for 1 wringer this work. 4G THE VIRGINIA TEACHER [Vol. II, No. 2

Address— "Progressive Education," Stanwood Cobb, Secretary of The VIRGINIA ASSOCIATION OF WO- Progressive Educational Associa- MEN'S COLLEGES AND SCHOOLS tion. Jefferson Hotel, Thursday, February 17 Friday Business Meeting. Welcome—Dean May L. Keller, West- hampton College. Joint Meeting with Association of Vir- Response for the Association, President ginia Colleges. J. A. C. Chandler, William and Mary Col- Address—"Education for Citizenship," lege. Hon. P. P. Claxton. Remarks by the President, H. S. Holf- singer. Virginia Interment College. ASSOCIATION OF VIRGINIA Correlation of Effort. 1. Means by which Private Colleges and COLLEGES other Institutions may Benefit the Jefferson Hotel, Friday, February 18 Public School System. Superinten- dent Harris Hart. 11:00 A. M.—"Standards of the Com- 2. The Junior College in its relation to mission on Institutions of Higher Senior Colleges. President F. W. Education of the Association of Col- Boatwright, University of Richmond. leges and Secondary Schools of the 3. The Place of Vocational and Techni- Southern States," Dean H. D. Camp- cal Training. Dr. Orie Latham bdll, Washington and Lee Univer- Hatcher. sity. 1. Report of Committee on Standards. 12:00 M. "The Purpose, Aim and Con- Chairman—President D. R. Ander- tent of the Undergraduate College son, Randolph-Macon Woman's Col- Course in Liberal Arts," Dean John lege. Latane, the Johns Hopkins Univer- 2. Report of the Colleges and Schools. sity. 3. What Courses in Home Economics 3 :oo P. M.—"Can the Influence of the should be offered in Virginia Colleges, War Be Properly Interpreted in the and what credit should these receive? College Curriculum?" President 4. What credits should be given Gradu- Julian A. Burruss, Virginia Poly- ates of State Normall Schools upon technic Institute. entering Colleges? 8:00 P. M.—Joint meeting of the Virginia 5. Discussion of 3 and 4, lead by Dean Association of Women's Colleges and K. J. Hoke, William and Mary Col- Schools and the Association of Vir- lege. ginia Colleges, Jefferson Auditor- Present Social Conditions. ium. Address — "Education for 1. Homemafcing, President J. P. Mc- Citizenship," Commissioner P. P. Connel, East Radford State Normal Claxton. School. Saturday, February 19 2. The Need of Religious and Moral 9:00 A. M.—"Should the Content of the Training in Schools and Colleges, High School Course Completed by a Miss Mary Williamson, Hollins Student Be Used as a Basis of De- College. termining His Classification and 1. Latest View of Teacher Shortage, Course of Study in College?" Presi- President J. L. Jarman, Farmville dent J. D. Eggleston, Jr., Hampden- State Normal School. Sidney College. 2. How can the Women's Colleges meet 10:00 A. M.—"How Can the Colleges Co- the New Demands of the Time? operate in Conducting Extension President Emilie W. McVea, Sweet Courses?" President J. A. C. Chand- Briar College. ler, College of William and Mary.

■•'•A ? •> ? u-i <••1* V'* vi '• i; /1-; v February, 1921] THE VIRGINIA TEACHER 47

vard 2,077, Minnesota 2,025, Virginia The Virginia Teacher i,779- Published monthly by the State Normal Ranked according to the number of reg- School for Woman at Harrisonburg-, Virginia. ular full-time students enrolled, the Uni- versity of Virginia stands twenty-seventh Entered as second-class matter March 13, 1920, at the post office at Harrisonburg, Vir- with 1,630 students. California ranks first ginia, under the act of March 3, 1879. with 11,071 regular full-time students. James C. Johnston, Editor Conrad T. Logan, Assistant Editor SMITH-TOWNER BILL MAKES PROGRESS Henry A. Converse, Manager Altho there is not much expectation that Advisory Board it will be brought to a vote before the ad- John W. Wayland Elizabeth P. Cleveland journment of Congress in March,, the Smith- Mary Lancaster Smith Katherine M. Anthony Rosa P. Heidelberg Annette L. Houston Towner bill to create a department of edu- Anna S. Cameron cation, with a cabinet ofhcjr in charge, and proposing a federal appropriation of $100,- 000,000 to supplement State and local ap- VI propriations, has been favorably reported to the House by the committee on educatioi.-. EDUCATIONAL COMMENT Efforts are now being directed to secure a VIRGINIANS ACCREDITED COLLEGES favorable report from the Senate commit- AND UNIVERSITIES tee. But favorable action by the House Com- Virginia ranks first among Southern mittee represents substantial progress. The states for the number of its higher institu- forces which have been lined up to defeat the tions "accredited" by the Southern Associa- bill are rather helping to create sentiment tion of Colleges and Secondary Schools at favorable to its passage.—Randall J. Con- its December meeting in Chattanooga, don, Superintendent of Schools, Cincinnati. Tennessee, according to a recent issue of School Life. Virginia contains 6 such institutions, RICHMOND TO BORROW MONEY FOR, SCHOOLS Tennessee 5; North Carolina, South Caro- A bond issue of a million and a half lina, and Georgia, each 3; Kentucky, Texas, dollars has been authorized by the city coun- Mississippi, Maryland, and Florida, each 2; cil of Richmond, Virginia, for the erection and Alabama, Missouri, and Louisiana, of a new colored high school, an additional each 1. junior high school for white children, and Virginia's accredited colleges and uni- three elementary schools. versities are: Washington and Lee Univer- sity, Randolph-Macon Woman's College, SALARIES AT STATE-SUPPORTED HIGHER University of Virginia, Randolph-Macon College, Richmond College, and Hampden- INSTITUTIONS Sidney College. For 1920-21, out of 64 state-supported UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA SUMMER SCHOOL universities and colleges in the United States, only 13 pay their presidents $10,000 or more "Statistics of Registration of Thirty a year. The University of Virginia is one American Universities for 1920" are present- of the 7 that pay $10,000. In 1915-16, the ed in School and Society for Jan. 29, and University of Virginia paid $8,000. disclose that attendance at only eight sum- Other interesting facts are to be found mer schools in the United States exceeded in the study of salaries in state colleges, pub- that at the University of Virginia. Enrol- lished in School Life for Jan. 15. Out of ment figures for the six weeks term show these 64 institutions, only 9 have not in- that Teachers College had 9,780 students, creased their presidents' salaries since 1915- California 6,436, Chicago 5,406, Wisconsin 16. Among these 9 is the Virginia Polytech- 3,578, Michigan 2,225, Cornell 2,174, Har- nic Institute. 48 THE VIRGINIA TEACHER [Vol. H, NO. 2

In 1915-16 the average salary reported VH for professors was $2,400; this year it is $3,200, or an increase of 33 and one-third A SCHOLAR'S CONTRIBUTION TO per cent. TJie University of Virginia was one of 6 institutions paying a maximum sal- EDUCATION ary to professors of $3,600 or more in 1915- We Americans have been accustomed to 16, when only 2 of these payed $5,000. This look to England and other European coun- year there are 10 state-supported institu- tries all too frequently for texts and source- tions paying $5,000 or more to professors, books of a thorough-going scholarly type. and the University of Virginia is not among But for some time, particularly in the field them. of education and psychology, it has been that the tide is turning; and today scholars NIGHT SCHOOLS AT WINCHESTER and scholarship of no less merit are to be found in our country. Such evidence is Superintendent F. E. Clerk, of the Win- ■found in the recently published History of chester schodls, recently issued a statement Education and Readings in the History of urging citizens of Winchester over 16 years Education from the pen of Professor Cub- of age to enroll in the H'andley Night berley, a well-known author and editor of School, classes in which began January 10. texts in education. These two works are the "The night schools should be an out- logical outcome of a syllabus by the same standing feature of the Handley Schools,'' author published in 1902, but! have been said Mr. Clerk, "particularly since Judge postponed by the appearance of Dr. Paul John Handley himself got his education in Monroe's Scholarly Textbook in the His- the night schools of Washington, D. C.; tory of Education and the later three-volume and undoubtedly his interest in public edu- series of Dr. Frank P. Graves." In the cation was caused largely by the start in life meantime Professor Cubberley's Public Edu- that he received from night school training." cation in the United States had demonstrated the need and demand for the presentation of Courses for as few or as many nights a the whole subject of the history of educa- week as students wish were offered in cook- tion with larger attention to its practical im- ing, sewing, practical English, mathematics, plications and modern trends. auto repairing, typewriting, bookkeeping, The History of Education, itself the mechanical drawing, woodworking, and in product of a score of years of successful any other subject desired by ten or more teaching experience in this field, bears the people. subtitle, "Educational Practice and Progress Considered as a Phase of the Development SCHOOL NURSE IN SHENANDOAH and Spread of Western Civilization." Con- sequently, unlike most discussions, the prim- Shenandoah county boasts a school nurse, tive and Oriental phases are omitted and the who in three months examined 1676 children Greek era, perhaps the first to be character- in 58 different schoolrooms, visited 35 homes, ized by definite progress, is taken as the made 5 public health talks, and held num- starting-point. Similarly the whole work erous conferences with teachers. She also is peculiarly free from any tendency to en- assisted in a clinic held under the direction cyclopedism, rather neglecting these phases of the Red Cross Nursing Committee Dec- both of educational theory and practice that ember 1, when 49 persons were operated on do not suggest in some wiay the place of edu- for the removal of adenoids and diseased cation in social evolution and racial devel- tonsils. opment. Less than one-fourth of the book therefore is devoted to pre-Renaissance edu- Funds sufficient to pay the salary and traveling expenses of the school nurse were TAe History of Education and Readings in provided in Shenandoah county by the local the History of Education, by Dr. Elwood P. Oubberley. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. chapter of the Red Cross, with the assis- (Riverside Textbooks in Education). 1920. tance of the State Board of Health. "849 and 684 pages respectively. (S3.75 each). February, 1921] VIRGINIA TEACHER TEE 49 cation and about one-haW is devoted to the but in most of these cases it is impossible in modern period under the caption, "The Rise even small libraries to turn to the. full text. of Democracy; the State Takes over the The great bulk of the reading s here pre- School." While it is not to be expected that sented are now available for the first time the general reader will make as much use of in any but the larger libraries. the book as will the advanced student of The author has been zealous, and right- education, nevertheless he is certain to find ly so, to include a large number of references interest in such chapters as "The Sources of having to do with actual school practice, in- our Civilization," "The Eighteenth Century cluding school laws and regulations, com1- a Transition Century," "Awakening an raittee and commission reports and memor- Educational Consciousness in the United ials, samples pages of texts, and so forth. States," and "New Tendencies and Expan- To this end about one reference in ten is sions." These chapters alone would give secondary in nature, being in most cases a the average citizen and school director an description of school conditions by the best admirable view of how our present educa- student of the period, this only where the tional institutions and practices came into source materials were not available. A being. splendid feature of the book is the fact that Perhaps the happiest feature of the text about one-fourth of its contents is on Amer- is the splendid collection of figures and plates ican education. The reviewer predicts even numbering over two hundred and fifty. greater use of this book than of the compan- These include pictures of material and ion text in the history of education. equipment, photographs of pages of texts, One picks up, reads, and lays down these maps indicating the widening acquaintance- two volumes with a sense of genuine satis- ship of man with the earth, maps showing faction. Here is a task done well in all the location of educational institutions and important respects. Painstaking scholar- trade-routes, and scores of pictures of per- ship, correct historical perspective, forward- sons and schools. Of little less value are looking .viewpoint, wealth of illustration, the brief scource materials included in the teachaHility, and the usual mechanical ex- body of the text and found on nearly every cellence of this series combine to produce the page. Complete helps are found at the end result noted above. Students in our higher of each chapter, including references and institutions who are working in the field of questions for discussion. education will find these books in all likeli- The Readings in the History of Educa- hood the most satisfactory two books in the tion fills an even more urgent need on the history of education. Former students in the part of students and teachers in our colleges field will turn to these to refresh their for- and normal schools, as its only predecessor mer outlook and to get a new grip on the worthy of mention is the source-book of values of education and of life alike. The Professor Monroe which was restricted to general reader who has any abiding interest selections from Greek and Roman writers. in mankind will find in the books the oppor- The Readings follows the same outline as tunity to grasp in large outline the effort of the History, which bears cross references to the race to consciously determine its own de- the various selections. These number three- velopment—haltingly, it is true, at times— hundred and seventy-five, averaging about but with an ever-increasing assurance of the two pages in length in a rather fine print. practicability of its efforts. Against the criticism that may be urged that However, a larger service still, the writer these are two short, it will be said by the believes, will be served by these volumes, teacher with experience in the field that a and one which the author purposed. The large number of brief readings giving the subject of the history of education was one gist of the thought is more interesting to of the first branches of "pedagogy" to be the student and makes possible a much wider formulated. Perhaps for this very reason it range of contact with original sources. No was destined to lag behind its more practi- doubt there are instances, as in the cases of cal sisters, such as for example, educational Aristotle, Cicero, Luther and Locke when it administration, educational psychology, and might be desirable to read more at length, educational measurements, in which the de- 50 THE VIRGINIA TEACHER [Vol. II, No. 2 velopment has been phenomenal in recent The book is scientific, accurate, and up to years. Recently, therefore, the history of date. The following illustrate some of the prac- education has been minimized as an essential tical problems: course for the training of teachers, even to To criticise and reconstruct specified the point where—once generally required— meals. it became elective in many training schools or To select a luncheon from a school menu. indeed was dropped. This criticism and To plan and prepare a home luncheon. To plan and prepare, for a boy, a day's neglect of the subject was not due to the imeal's with a pint of milk concealed in subject itself, for no thoroly trained teacher cooked food. believes that the sense of values, of per- p. p. M. spective, and of the development of modern purposes and ideals is insignificant; it was Socializing the Child: A Guide to the Teach- ing of History in the Primary Grades, by due rather to inadequate teaching done and Sarah A. Dynes. Boston: Silver, Burdett to inadequate texts, which placed the em- and Co. 1916. 302 pages, (fl.72). phasis upon our vyom or untried philoso- How to adapt history material to the needs phies and theories of education rather than of the primary child is a problem that is be- upon the educational activities of the race. ing worked out through observation and ex- The attention to facts, rather than tenden- perimentation by able teachers, and they are beginning to look more closely to history, cies and principles, made the subject first of sociology, psychology, and ethics for help in all distasteful to many students, and those in the undertaking. charge of teacher-training doubted whether This book treats very concretely the social the subject possessed definite value for the education of children in the primary grades. Special emphasis is placed upon ways and student. Cubberley's books reverse this means of enlarging the child's experience emphasis, and are certain to revive the course through the development of the historic in our normal schools and teachers col- sense. This is done through working out leges, for they show that practical value can the problems of food, clothing, shelter, bear- ing burdens, celebrating holidays, etc. Con- be gotten from the subject and that the crete illustrations, outlines, and cuts for teacher of the history of education who uses work in the first, second and third grades them can hardly do his work ineffectively. are given here. The work has been planned in a very systematic and well organized way. W. J. Gifford It is written so that it is adaptable to both city and rural schools. It should prove sug- gestive, instructive and stimulating to all teachers of primary grades. l. b. b.

VIII The Skyline in English Literature, by Lewis Worthinigton Smith and ESse V. Hathaway. New York: D. Appleton and RECENT BOOKS THAT SHOULD Co. 1920. 257 pages. INTEREST TEACHERS One is disappointed that this book does not measure up to the promise of its title; for Dietetics For High Schools, by Florence as the authors say in their preface, "England Wlllard and Lucy H. Gillett. New York: has gone forward Steadily In the development The Macmillan Company. 1920. 201 pages. of religious, political, civil, social, and intel- The purpose of this book is to teach to lectual freedom," and a running story which high school boys and girls the principles of silhouettes the upstanding structures of Eng- nutrition and their application. Special em- lish literature is a book that young students phasis is put on food values, economical buy- need. ing, and the importance of good food-habits. Both title and preface imply that the au- The problems presented are in the form of thors aim to focus the high school student's practical exercises, and center around the attention on the various epochs of expansion, "Irving familyv" which consists of father, territorial and intellectual, by presenting the mother, baby one year old, three boys,—aged highwater mark of achievement in literature; three, seven, and sixteen years—and two girls but, to the present writer at lea'st, the book of ten and sixteen years. Daily meal plans too often fails in this purpose by following are worked out to meet the needs of each in too close detail the outlines of men and member of the family and of the family as a books so common to all histories of English whole. The teacher has ample opportunity literature. In place of the bold-face headings to go a step farther and carry this over into and block arrangement of type characteristic the home. of textbooks, it is true on© finds her© a run- Fedruaey, 1921] THE VIRGINIA TEACHER 51 nlng story, but it is too liberally sprinkled Its contents are no less pleasing. Dr. with the names of books in italics. Haney's twenty years' experience in teaching Perhaps, however, it is the authors' in- high school pupils has guided him in his tention to present names and dates in the choice of details and in his manner of present- guise of a sugar-coated pill. The book is ing them. Speaking of Barrie he says: quite readable, and contains excellent illus- "Grown-ups who have never seen Peter Pan trations. The chapter on "The World Ex- should borrow a child, if necessary, and take pansion" is particularly good. the youngster to see the wonderful land of c. T. L. make-believe." Treasure Island is "a glori- fied 'dime novel'." "Literature was a mere Effective English Expression, by Edward trade to Southey. . . . His complete works Harlan Webster. New York; Newson and would fill over a hundred volumes." Ruskin Company. 1920. 323 pages. was "coddled and supervised by his parents The strength of this book, as its name well into middle life. . . . His fondness for implies, lies in the fact that it forces tha unusual and misleading titles has undoubted- pupil to look always to the effect to he pro- ly curtailed the circle of his readers. ... No duced by his theme, his letter, his paragraph, one expects a book called Sesame and Lilies his talk. The inevitable "first thing" in the to be about the advantages of reading suggestive assignments is that the pupil him- Misguided farmers who bought Notes on the self shall decide on a definite purpose and Construction of Sheep Folds were justified state it. Then he is led along to work out a in their disgust to find that it is a book advo- plan for achieving this as best he can by cating reform in Church government and has choosing material that is effective and by res- nothing to do with four-legged sheep." olutely leaving out what is ineffective. Both Give high school students the opportunity in the textbook and in the accompanying to use this textbook and watch their enthus- Teachers' Manual the author makes very con- iasm grow. c. T. L. crete these first principles of writing by keep- ing in mind the likeness between organizing English Problems in the Solving, by Sarah a theme and furnishing a room which is to . E. Simons. Chicago: Scott, Poresman and convey a single impression—the old-fashion- Co. 239 pages. ed room, the red room, the sporty room. An extensive bibliography based primarily "Project" Is written large over the book, on professional articles appearing in The Eng- though one 18 not nagged with the word. lish Journal, The English Leaflet, and the Half the space is given to cultivating the Bulletin of the Illinois Association of Teach- power to speak. There are brief chapters on ers of Engli'sh, gives its chief value to this parliamentary procedure and after-dinner book, which had its Inception in a course of speeches. lectures at Johns Hopkins University in the For drills in grammar, choice of words, summer sessions of 1918 and 1919. Miss etc., there are abundant exercises with blanks Simons has made liberal use of the assistance to be filled—so convenient for quick and de- of two teachers under her supervision in the finite testing. The author wisely urges that Central High School, Washington, D. C., the the pupil form the habit of reading aloud any extent of which might well have been indi- passage which is to be corrected or punctu- cated in the table of contents. One is never ated. sure, from the topical arrangement of the The suggestions as to the psychology of text, just how much Miss Sleman and Miss business letters are shrewd, but it seems a de- McColm are responsible for. cided step backward to display end-line punc- A weakness of the book lies In its very tuation in the, address, both outside and in- indefinite treatment of the measurement of side. quality in composition. The book's special Though there are some choice tidbits for usefulness to teachers of English and to pros- stimulating taste for word-derivation, the pective teachers lies in its similarity to a book has throughout an unmistakable com- syllabus, outlining in a general way the mercial flavor and smacks strongly of sales- problems that present themselves and indi- manship and advertising generally. cating where dlscuasion of these problems E, P. C. is to be found. It is not a book of carefully weighed conclusions; probably was not in- English Literature, by John Louis Haney. tended to be. c. t. l. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Howe. 1920. 452 pages. ($1.60). Nervous Children, by Beverley R. Tucker, Thinking to find only one more conven. M. D. Boston: Richard G. Badger. 147 tional history of English literature, the re- pages. viewer opens this book to be caught immed- This is a popular treatment of the man- iately by its charming illustrations, generally agement and treatment of nervousness in of small proportions but clear and distinct. children, Intended not only for the physician Neatness, proportion, and balance character- and intelligent nnrse, but also for the mother ize the mechanics of the book. and the teacher. Its object is to give an un- 52 THE VIRGINIA TEACHER [Vol. II, No. 2

derstandlng of the fundamental principles Pastoral and Agricultural Botany, by John underlying the rearing of children from a H. Harshberger, Ph. D. Philadelphia: P. standpoint of their nervous and psychic de- Blakiston's Son and Co. 1920. 294 pages. velopment, so that their knowledge and judg- ($2.00). ment will lead them not only to understand the child, but to train it to avoid the neuro- This is a very unusual book especially psychopathlc pitfalls which are found every- adapted to the use of veterinary students. where in its path. The book is, in substance, Its chief emphasis is placed on the study of a plea for the prevention of neurotic develop- poisonous plants. These are well illustrated, ment by the application of common sense. described, and discussed with special refer- ence to their phytotoxins and antitoxins. The A. l. j. general discussion of plant poisons is very good as is the treatment of the many common Teaching Manual and Industrial Arts, by poisonous plants among which are certain Ira S. Grifllth. Peorla, Illinois: The Man- mushrooms, silage, lady slipper, larkspur, ual Arts Press. 1920. 230 pages. ($2,00). wild cherry, loco weed, poison ivy, hemlock, This book i's intended as a text for use in and other plants. normal schools and colleges. Its primary About half the book is given to the treat- aim is to assist in the making of necessary ment of forage plants, cereals, legomes, gain connections between the more general courses and loss of nitrogen, weeds, and seed testing. in educational psychology and theory of This phase of the book appears to me to have teaching and the special work of practice been added to round out an economic botany, teaching in manual and industrial arts. and I should prefer Hunt's Forage and Fiber While the discussions of the text largely Crops. As a reference book of poisonous presuppose a knowledge of psychology as a plants, however, it should be In the hands of prerequisite, mature students and experienced every teacher of botany, for most of them are teachers of the manual or industrial arts who rather poorly informed on this topic. The have had no psychology may he expected to subject matter is very technical and the lab- pursue the reading of the text successfully oratory work is rather elementary. by devoting somewhat more time and atten- g. w. o., JR. tion to the reference readings suggested at the close of each chapter. Some experience with manual or industrial arts Subject-mat- ter is necessary for an appropriate apprecia- tion of the discussions of the text. IX This book is the latest work Professor Ira S. Griffith, now of the University of Wiscon- SCHOOL ACTIVITIES sin, has written. He is the author of the well-known series of books on wood-working It is doubtful if any event of the past and manual training. He is looked to as one of the foremost authorities in the field, and month has been more fraught with interest his latest book is already recognized as the than the Junior-Senior basket- best treatment of psychology on the subject. Basket- ball game, or rather games— F. I. M. ball for there was both a tying and an untying! "Junior-Senior Stenciling, by Adelaide Mlckel. Peorla, Illinois: The Manual Arts Press. 1920. Week" was this year limited by common 62 pages. (85 cents). consent to the three days preceding the game This book is of invaluable assistance in on January 22, and the decorating was con- acquiring the technic of stenciling in several fined to the gymnasium. medium's upon various surfaces. Detailed diescriptions are given of the materials and But what a mass of color was there! equipment used; also of the various processes Seniors and those of their sister-class, the employed in using the different mediums for stenciling, together with many excellent Degree class, were dressed in green and drawings and photographs of stenciled ob- white; Juniors and Postgraduates in orange jects, suitable for home and school work. and black. Before the game the Juniors It includes selected problems appropriate for the different grades in the elementary school snake-danced, and the Seniors followed suit and in the high school. between halves. At the end of the contest it The designs illustrated include many at- was hard to know what to do, for a cog had tractive bags, table runners, cushion covers, slipped somewhere and the victory which collars, draperies and table mats, as well as many simpler problems for little folks in the each class had expected was tied in a not. elementary grades. f. i. m. (If you see a pun, blame the proofreader!) February, 1921] THE VIRGINIA TEACHER 53

To the accompaniment of much yelling team of the Harrisonburg Normal School met and singing, enthusiastically indulged in by the Bridgewater College team both bodies of rooters, the Varsity Team on their floor, and won by a Tied opposing teams succeeded in Under Way score of 33 to 13. The first running a pretty even race; half was played under girls and after being three times tied the whistle rules, the last half under boys rules, since blew on a score of 27 to 27. Imagine. Bridgewater is using the latter and Harris- Seniors Position Juniors onburg the former. V. Faulkner R. forward Ruth Ferguson Representing Harrisonburg in this game (Capt.) were: First half—Ferguson, R., Faulkner, Ella Holloran L. forward Catherine Kemp McGaha, Parrott, Hodges, and Upshur; (Capt.) Second half—Steele, Faulkner, Bonney Margaret Martin J. center M. Mageath Roark, and Hodges. Edith Ward S. center Louise Palmer Marion Hodges R. guard Lucretia Upshur The Harrisonburg State Normal School Louise Houston L. guard Grace Tilman basketball team won a decisive victory over the Farmville Normal School The following Thursday the gymnasium 52 to 17 in the first interscholastic was packed with students and townspeople to game ever played between the witness the outcome of a bat- two schools. The score was 52 to 17. Untied tie royal. Every student was Farmville put up a fair fight in the first half when they made 14 points to the Har- lost in the determination to risonburg team's 27. The visitors were able yell a little louder than the opponents at the to make only 3 points during the second other end of the gym. From start to finish half, being completely outplayed at every the teams were on the jump and no one could stage of the game. prophecy What the next moment would bring A return game with Farmville will be forth. Beautiful throws were made by both played at Farmville March II. Harrison- burg's next game in the intercollegiate series sides. The first half ended 14 to 10 in fa- will be at the Fredericksburg State Normal vor of the Seniors, but the second half had School February 25. Radford Normal School scarcely begun when the tie was on again. wlil play in Harrisonburg March 4. And when the final whistle blew the see-saw To Mrs. Johnston goes great credit for was still rocking, but it was the good for- the excellent coaching the team received. tune of the Seniors that it was they whose Every member did steady effective work. feet were on the ground. The line-up: Still no one could claim that a score of Harrison'burg Position Farmville 23 to 22 left the Juniors "up in the air." J. Steele R. forward D. Van Sickler The tie was broken, and the trophy cup was (Capt.) definitely the possession of the Seniors; and V. Faulkner L. forward A. Treakle yet the losers had put up a good fight and R. McGaha J. center S. M. Gray E. Ward S. center S. Moore the winners admitted it. Perhaps it is out of D. Bonney R. guard M. Gray such events that good sportmanship emerges, L. Upshur L. guard E. Bell after all. Referee—Miss Lindsey, of Farmville. Umpire—Mr. Johnston, of Harrisonburg. Seniors Position Juniors Timekeeper—Mrs. T. Brock, of Harrisonburg. June Steele R. forward Ruth Ferguson (Capt) The Senior Tea Room, located in the V. Faulkner L. forwaird Catherine Kemp basement of Harrison Hall at the entrance (Capt) Rita McGaha J. center M. Mageath to the "subway", was opened Edith. Ward S. center Louise Palmer "Your Saturday morning, January Marion Hodges R. guard Lucretia Upshur Order, 12, under the management of F. Hounshell L. guard Grace Tilman Please" Alma Tatum. An artistic color scheme—black enamel The evening .of January 29 a picked tables, chairs with dainty decorations of blue, 54 THE VIRGINIA TEACHER CVor,. n. No. 2 and salmon pink draperies—makes the Tea The Glee Club of H. N. S. has swung Room attractive in itself; and the delicious into its twelfth year, and one looking back odors w|hich come from the Y. W. kitchen to find an enviable history, across the hall add zest to the appetite of Glee Club not only in its activities, but in those students who may be found there each News its members and programs Saturday morning between eight and ten rendered. o'clock. But light lunches are served at odd In 1910 with nineteen members, under hours on school days, and the entire student the efficient guidance of Miss Lida Cleve- body expresses by its patronage the favor in land, it made its initial bow. In turn its which the Senior Tea Room is held. destinies were shaped by Miss Julia Starr Preston (Mrs. W. G. Sprinkel), Mr. Paul The regular quarterly Cotillion Club Hardesty, and Miss Hazel Fay; in 1916 the dance was given January 28. The auditor- management was assumed by Miss Edna ium was very prettily decorat- Trout Schaeffer, under whose splendid lead- Cotillion ed for the occasion, a heart- ership its enrolment was increased to 115 Club and-arrow scheme ) being car- and it attained its present prestige. Dance ried out. The dance contin- For several years a representation of the ued until eleven-thirty, to the club has given programs at Washington and music of the Augusta Military Academy Lee University, Virginia Polytechnic Insti- orchestra. The music included all the latest tute, Augusta Military Academy, and other song hits and was exceptionally good. schools where they were enthusiastically re- Tempting refreshments were served. ceived. Plans for this year include the publica- One bright, somewhat sunny morning tion of the Glee Club song, composed by Dir. last week, the beauty of the campus landscape J. W. Wayland, and a somewhat extensive was further enchanced by concert tour. The club is also anticipating Stratford seven placarded young ladies. a reunion of all Glee Club Alumnae at Com- Initiation The aforesaid placards upon mencement time. closer inspection were seen to The present officers are: Mary Phillips, bear the word "Stratford" and the symbol president; Dorothy Lacy, vice-president; goat. These young ladies at numerous in- Elise Loewner, secretary-treasurer; Mary tervals during the day indulged in very queer Stephens, assistant secretary-treasurer; Rosa antics, such as bending to the ground in Heidelberg, business manager; Virginia humble obeisance. The gymnastics culmi- Greenland, assistant business manager; Anne nated in a dinner given by the old members Gilliam, librarian; Margaret Gill, assistant to the goats, with the honorary and advisory librarian. members present, at which the initiates were attired in costumes to represent persons of the theater. Announcement of the "Schoolma'am" staff has met with the hearty approval of The new members are as follows: Gladys the student body. Already, Halderman, Winchester, as Norma Tal- Editor- under the guiding hand of madge; Vergilia Sadler, Buckingham, as ship Miss Cleveland, the staff is Mrs. Jiggs; Virginia Crockett, Pulaski, as A-ward! busy at its task and will pub- Charles Ray; Ruth Pilcher, Clifton Forge, lish in June an annual that as Nazimova; Mary Hess, Hampton, as compares favorably with all those that have Dorothy Gish; Lucretia Upshur, Cheviton, preceded it here. The qualifications of as Douglas Fairbanks; and Sarah Tabb, the editor are many; her ability and the bus- Portsmouth, as Charlie Chaplin. iness manager's past experience insure a pro- The Stratford Dramatic Club has an duct such as Harrisonburg always aims to enviable record for presenting worth-while turn out—a charming schoolma'am. productions, and it is rumored that in the The staff consists of Edith R. Ward, ed- near future their talents will again be evi- itor in chief; Louise Houston, Dorothy Lacy, denced in another high-class presentation. Louise Moore, Penelope Morgan, and Ver- Pebruart, 1921] TEE VIRGINIA TEACHER 55 gilia Sadler, associate'editors; Ruth-Rodes, -and faculty. The program offered variety and art editor; Virginia Faulkner and Alberta gave an opportunity for the orchestra to Rodes, associate art editors; Grace Heyl and show how thoro its training has been since Frances Sawyer, photograph editors; Elise it was organized last September. Loewner, business manager; Coralease Bot- Selections played were: The American tom and Fannie Lee Woodson, associate bus- Legion March (Vanderloot); Apple Blos- iness managers. soms, waltz, (Fritz Kreisler) ; La Rose, in- termezzo, (Ascher) ; and Old Glory Select- The private dining room in Science Hall ions, medley, (Seredy). was attractively arranged for the formal din- ner in honor of Miss Sallie Another in the series of entertainments Dinner Lucas Jean the evening of being given in assembly by rooms of the For January 16. The decorations training school was offered Miss Jean were pink and white sweet- peas and southern smilax, with Fifth Grade February 1, when Miss Bow- low crystal candlesticks tied with light green Gives Play man's fifth grade pupils gave a play entitled "Bacon's Re- tulle. Twelve covers were laid, the guests bellion." The five acts which pupils had being Miss Jean, President and Mrs. Duke, themselves worked out showed the growing' Mrs. Moody, Miss Brinton, Miss Anthony, feeling before and after the massacre at Miss Day, Miss Wilson, Loudelle Poitts), Jamfestown. Indians in costume smoking the Ruth Rodes, Mary Brown, and Elizabeth pipe of peace and the interview with Lord Murphy. Berkley were scenes especially well done. At a patrons' meeting at Pleasant Hill the evening of February 2, a nine-months A large number of speakers have appear- school term was favored with- ed at assembly during the past month. Rev. Progress at out a dissenting vote and a Dr. B. F. Wilson, of the Pleasant committee was appointed to Interesting H a r r i a' o n b u r g Presby- Hill interview all absent patrons Speakers terian church, addressed stu- and report at the next meet- dents the morning of January ing. This school, where teacher training is 12; Miss Heller, Y. W. C. A. secretary of provided for students of the Harrisonburg the South Atlantic field, told of the needs Normal School under rural conditions, has of the struggling students of Europe and how recently been placed on the junior high we may help them; Major James Buchanan, school accredited list, along with fifteen a magazine writer who had volunteered his others in Virginia. services for the Salvation Army Drive, spoke briefly on the work of the Salvation Army; There has been splendid co-operation be- Father J. J. De Grys spoke January 17, tween teachers, patrons, and pupils, as well comparing art in America with European as between County Superintendent John C. art and emphasizing the importance of an Myers and the State Normal School. Miss American awakening; Dr. J. W. Wayland Lotta Day of the Normal School faculty, spoke on General Robert E. Lee the morn- spoke at the February meeting on the "Values ing of January 19; Dr. W. T. Sanger, of of Home Economics Teaching," and Miss Bridgewater College, the morning of Feb- Katherine M. Anthony and Dr. W. J. Gif- ruary 2, told of his adventures last summer ford also spoke briefly. in climbing to the top of a mountain in Utah; and Hon. Harry St. George Tucker A most pleasing program was rendered spoke in the Citizenship Lecture series on at assembly the morning of January 14, February 4. Mr. Tucker took as his sub- when the fourteen-piece or- ject the "Fundamentals of Government," High School chestra of the Harrisonburg and pointed out the need of rules in any or- Orchestra High School, under the cap- ganization, showing thereby the fundamental able leadership of Miss Eliza- nature of the Constitution and the need of beth Trappe, entertained the student body great care in departing from its provisions. 56 THE VIRGINIA TEACHER [Vol. II, -No. 2

Music recently heard by students has in- Bemice Gay, also of Portsmouth, was elected cluded the very fine entertainment of the treasurer. Bostonia Sextet Club the eve- Sallie Browne, retiring president of Music ning of February 4, this num- Student Government, is to be congratulated ber being one in the Four Star on the successful administration of the organ- Course. The audience was particularly ap- ization during her encumbency. preciative of the cellist's solo, Beethoven's Minuet in G. The evening of January 19 Officers of the Young Women's Chris- Franceska Kasper Lawson, of Washington, tian Association for the year 1921-22 have D. C. gave a recital in Harrison Hall. just been elected as follows: Music was the feature of the University of Y. W. C. A. Louise Bailie, Chatham, N. Virginia play, "The Visiting Girl," present- Election C., president; Roberta Cof- ed in the New Virginia Theatre the evening field, Portsmouth, vice-presi- dent; Sue Raine, Lynchburg, secretary; and of January 13. A large part of the student Celia Swecker, Monterey, treasurer; Mar- body was present. garet Bulloch, Portsmouth, undergraduate representative. Before an audience that hung on every Practically every student in school is a note, Theo Karle, famous tenor, presented member of the Y. W. C. A. and feels that an admirable program at the the "Y. W." plays a large part in giving a Students New Virginia Theatre, the real home atmosphere to the school. The "Y. W." has been especially active during Hear Theo evening of February 18. the past year, and through its agency a num- Karle Karle's pleasing personality ber of excellent speakers have given inspira- won his audience from the tion to the student body. start, and his gracious response to encores caused his audience to call him back again and again. His "Negro Spirituals" met with the most popular enthusiasm. X This was the concluding number in the Four Star series of concerts arranged under NEWS AND NOTES OF THE the joint auspices of the State Normal School and the New Virginia Theatre and lovers ALUMNAE of music were unanimous in their endorse- ment of the privileges which they had thus COMPILING A DIRECTORY enjoyed. It is a big job, and we have only made a In the audience were the members of the beginning; but we are getting results and no Farmville Normal School basket ball team end of joy out of it. To get answers to all which earlier in the evening had played the questionnaires, to ascertain the present names Harrisonburg team. They were guests of and the present addresses of more than 5000 the Normal School. people, is really an impossible task, but with the aid of all the five thousand that we can reach we hope to find most of the others, and New officers of Student Government have thus make our work much worth while. So just been elected and will take office at the please do not overlook the last request on beginning of the third quarter, your questionnaire. It is this: "Give present Student March 22. Alberta Rodes, of name and address of some other old student." Government Greenwood, who has been If you think of some one that we are Officers secretary of Student Govern- not likely to know of, that is the very person ment during the past year, is we want you to tell us about. Do like the new president. Margaret Bulloch, of Mary Early (one of the Twins) did at Portsmouth, was elected vice-president, and Fishersville a few days ago. She filled up febbuart, 1931] THE VIRGINIA TEACHER 57 the whole back of the questionnaire with preserved in these questionnaires; and so in names and addresses—most of which we the face of the pleasures thus derived we for- could not have had correctly otherwise. get the endlessness of the task we have un- It is really lots of fun and lots of pleas- dertaken. And we also take courage in the ure opening the mail as these questionnaires hope that we are laying a sort of foundation come back. With them come memories of for a regular Alumnae Secretary of future fair faces and loyal hearts, of skilful hands days. We ought soon to have one and we and faithful work. From far and near the hope to see an office provided for her in the girls of other days come trooping back to "Home-Coming House," that is to say, the Blue-Stone Hill, thronging again, through Alumnae-Students Building. But we are halls and classrooms, mounting again, with more concerned about the home-coming than those now here, the upward paths of light. we are about the house, much as we desire And many of those whose names we love are it. It is to be a means to the happy ends not content to fill out the blank spaces after most desired. the printed questions with the merest pos- sible answers, but they add a cheering mes- ORGANIZING FOR ACHIEVEMENT sage of one sort or another for good measure. All over the State our girls are forming For instance, Ethel Channing says, "I am local organizations. The immediate object conducting a kindergarten all alone and I'm is to nut over the top promptly the plans for crazy about it ... . but I do get so home- the "home-coming" house on Blue-Stone sick for dear old H. N. S. As soon as you Hill; but another object is to maintain per- give kindergarten P. G. work I'll be back manent associations for co-operation and right there again." good fellowship. Ethel's kindergarten is a part of the Recently Mr. Duke enjoyed the privi- Robert Gatewood School, Norfolk. lege of meeting a number of our Roanoke Mrs. Irene Stokes (Irene Daugherty) girls in an enthusiastic conference. The spirit says that her present wiork is keeping house of the Magic City was clearly in evidence. and looking after two children, and that Plans were laid to raise $1000 in gold (or her annual salary is paid (daily) in apprec- some sort of cold cash) for the new building. iation. She adds, "I hope to do something And we are certain that it is going to be in the way of helping to get that Alumnae- done. But it will not be "cold cash." It Students Building. Few students have will be a warm and vital tribute of love loved Harrisonburg Normal more than I and loyalty. have." From February 3 to 11 Dr. Wayland Hazel Cole answers from Chatham Epis- was on a trip to various Virginia cities to copal Institute and sends along a check to be give the good news from home and to aid applied to the building fund right aw'ay. An local organizations in any way he could. At encouraging number of these returning ques- Charlottesville he found Janie Warner, An- tionnaires are accompanied with new sub- nie Ballard Adams, and Elizabeth Rubush at scriptions or renewals to the Virginia the McGuffey School, and Lemma Snider, Teacher. Harry Daniel of Leesburg, who Rosa Maupin Fuller, Mada Witt O'Rork, was with us in the summer of '19, aids us by Lucy Parrish, and Myrtie Lewis Ballard at giving the names and addresses of five young the Midway School. Myrtle Ballard is plan- ladies. He is holding his present position ning to come back to the Normal to finish for the third year. Mrs. Ernest C. Lacy of up for her diploma, and all of the group Halifax, formerly Marian Chalkley, has named are going to do their good part for also held her present position for three years. the "home-coming" house. She pays no attention to our inquiries about At Richmond, on the evening of Febru- salary, annual or monthly, but emphasizes ary 4, a congenial company of twenty "old her bonus: Ernest C. Lacy, Jr., born June students" met with the visitor in the dub 6, 1920. And we don't blame her a bit. room of the Y. W. C. A. building. In the We could fill pages with interesting group were Miss Gregg, Miss Wooldridge, facts that are being collected through and and Miss Coleman, former teachers. Ed- 58 THE: VIRGINIA TEACHER [Vol. II, No. 2 mpnia Shepperson, Margaret Burke, Octavia careful or he will get the court house lights Goode, Audrey Gerard, and Mary Quigg and the stars mixed up in his field of vision. were among the other loyal spirits present. At Marguerite Shenk's home, close to the The visitor secured a complete list of all lights and the stars, the Harrisonburg group present, but it is deemed too long to print met by appointment. Bessie Leftwich, now here in full. Suffice it to say that the group Mrs. Bailey, come in from Rivermont comprised "summer girls" and "winter School. Ray Hanger, Charlotte Lawson, girls," graduates and non-graduates, and that and Mary Lee Maiden came from their all are full of the Harrisonburg spirit. This schools in other parts of the city. Mary spirit, let it be known, has a power to in- Wallace Buck and Margaret Kinnear, at toxicate, but to do it in a way that accords Randolph-Macon Woman's College, were with law and that is altogether conductive communicated with, as were also Berta Mil- to good citizenship. Mary Lancaster Smith, ler, Carrie Allen, and Elizabeth Galloway, 107 N. Harvie Street, is president of the all of the Rivermont School. Mary Stone, Richmond club. There are nearly one hun- at the J. P. Bell establishment, was present dred of our girls in the city. in the memory of her friends. Alice Lee While in Richmond the visitor saw also Shenk, Marguerite's sister, was a Martha Miss Mary I. Bell, who is at present teach- and a Mary combined in dispensing hos- ing good health by mail, under the auspices pitality and in her contribution to good of the State Board of Health. She likes things of the spirit. Maude Kelly was seen her work but says she "does so miss the next morning at the railway station, as she girls" in the Library. They all miss her, was coming in for an "observation." especially when they do not hear her say We are certain that the girls of the Hill "Sh-h-h-h!" City are with us in every good word and At Chester Helen Ward, Annie Mose- wtork for Alma Mater. We predict for them ley, Dallas Warren, Frances Cole, and An- great success in their individual and their nie Spencer were waiting with a dinner that collective enterprises. was good enough and nice enough for a king. From Lynchburg to Danville the way It was a practical demonstration in house- was toward the Sunny South, and noon that hold arts, of the real Normial kind. Chester day in Danville was indeed an hour of sun- is a beautiful town with a live school. All shine. It seemed as if a land of summer had of which means that live people live there been reached. Helen Browder, Bessie Mill- and work there. ner, Mamie Eppes, and others were on the In the city of Petersburg the duties of lookout for folks from Harrisonburg, so the Saturday afternoon interfered with higher wayfarer was soon made at home. education, but the group that assembled at Helen Browder's new car, with herself the beautiful new high school building was and other members of her family for com- loyal and efficient. Reba Beard, president pany, was made a comfortable and an ex- of the General Alumnae Association, was peditious means of seeing the city with its one presenit. With her, in the pleasant surroundings; and at six o'clock the visitor task of organizing forces in the Cockade landed at the Davis home in North Dan- City, we may count Mabel Rawls, Harriet ville, where more hospitality and more Short, Helen Bowman, Annie Lee Jones, friends were at once in evidence. Virginia Virginia Eppes, Virginia Ridenour (now Wheatley, Louise Crews, Frances Crews, Mrs. Winfield), and many others who have Marie Rison, and Willie Guthrie, are some more than once proved their will and their of our Danville girls who may be counted on power to do things. whenever Harrisonburg is under discussion. From the Cockade City to the Hill Steps are being taken for an effective or- City, by the Norfolk and Western Railway, ganization of Normal girls in Danville, and is an interesting ride. Blackstone, Burke- they are all interested in the fine building ville, High Ridge, Farmville, and Appo- plan that is before us. mattox are some of the places enroute. At Whitmell and Chatham, near Dan- At night in Lynchburg one has to be ville, are other Harrisonburg girls — Hazel Februaky, 1921] THE VIRGINIA TEACHER 59

Cole at Chatham, Veriie Story and Frances I love Carolina, my own dear state," she Rolston at Whitmel'l. declares, "I have found no school in it to Helen Housman, who is now married and equal H. N. S." She is expecting to return endowed with another name, lives in Dan- for graduation. ville. How many more of our "old students" the visitor failed to see because of lack of Carolyn Ruan, now Mrs. Arthur H. time or lack of knowledge we cannot tell. Beebe, writes from her home in Stillman Perhaps when all the questionnaires go out Valley, 111.: "The pleasure given to 'old and come back we shall be able to find more girls' by each number of the Virginia of our friends. Teacher can never be computed in dollars and cents. ... I'm trying to remember Both President Duke and Dr. Wayland (and it isn't hard) all the happy things of have been hearing recently of great things my Harrisonburg life to tell our little six that are being planned by the girls of Nor- months old daughter when she grows up a folk, Portsmouth, and adjacefrtt communi- little more." ties. These aggressive workers of the busy seaside cities have had an organization for a Marion Nesbitt is teaching at South year or two, and they have just lately elect- Boston and is mighty proud of her basket ed officers and laid new plans. Marceline ball teamj, which has been winning some Gatling, 2006 W. Ghent Boulevard, Nor- notable victories recently. folk, is president of the chapter; Alpha Hol- combe is secretary; and Dorothy Spooner is Mary Lancaster Smith, president of the treasurer. ' At this time nobody perhaps Harrisonburg club in Richmond, has recent- knows how many Harrisonbiurg girls are ly compiled an attractive booklet on the living in Norfolk and vicinity, but we know preparation of foods. Her address is 107 that the number is rather large ; and we are N. Harvie Street. listening to hear something from them, 1 Gertrude Royall, now Mrs. J. E. "most any time.' Tbwnes, writes from 1304 4th Avenue, Richmond. She sends greetings to all her friends at Blue-Stone H|ill. ELLA MAY BALLARD Ella May Ballard, of Fairfax, Va., who Geneva Moore, principal of the Fox Hill was a student here in 1913, died December school, near Hampton, is raising money to 11, 1919. This information has just come put a concrete driveway around her school to us through one of the questionaires now buildings. At last report she had. $700 in being sent out. hand. Miss Ballard was a teacher, having re- Rosa Tinder is successfully busy this year ceived most of her advanced training at at Winston-Salem, N. C. She has charge of Rawlings Institute and Columbia College. the lunch room where between 300 and .100 During the world war she was employed in pupils and teachers take their meals and the U. S. War Department. also manages the home where fourteen teachers live and take their meals. She re- ports that several other Harrisonburg girls Elizabeth Greaves is now Mrs. C. W. are in Winston-Salem and that Rachel Speas Page. Her address is Coke, Gloucester drops in to see them all once in a while. County. She says: "I should like to hear Hazel Oldaker, secretary, wants the of all the new things the school is doing and names and addresses of all members of the I would be glad to help all I can I class of 1915. Her address is Box 266, believe firmly in education. I want my Culpeper, Va. Write her if. you are a mem- young son to have all the educational advan- ber of her class. tages possible." Martha C. Cook is earning a handsome Flora Mae Hood writes from Central, salary as home demonstration agent at South S. C., where she is teaching in Six Mile Aca- Boston. She has held this position since demy, a mountain mission school. "Although October, 1919. ^7^? t .-•8 ;• • tv^i-?-";?;-!'^ *• &&T': .••'-• • • i'

60 TIIH VIRGINIA TEACHER [Vol. II, No. 2

Virginia Dudley, who graduated in 1912, witz, writes from 222 48th St., Newport sends in a good report from Mossy Creek. News. She has held her position as a teach- She is a rural supervisor and has missed only er in the city schools four years, but is ex- one or two days in all. It takes more than pecting to retire from the profession next wind and weather to stop her. year. Incidentally, she is drawing a good One of our girls Who teaches near Har- salary, as she deserves to do. She was a risonburg fills out part of our questionnaire star at Blue-Stone Hill. thus: Helen Haight, of Fairfax, is principal "Specials none, of the school at Seven Pines. During the No honors won, year 1918-19 she was in the Red Cross Yet a lot Overseas Canteen Service, serving in a rail- Of hard work done." road canteen in France. Her sister Eliza- Some honor this, say we. beth is now Mrs. T. M. Hamill, and lives Isle Eastham is teaching at Flint Hill. at Fairfax. She was chosen a delegate to the Thanksgiv- Yliriam Buckley, whose home address is ing conference at Richmond by her county still Clifton Station, Va., is department association. clerk in the Civil Service Commission. We Mrs. Arno Friddle (Gladys L. Brown) are well satisfied that she earns her attractive reports from Moorefield, W. Va. She also salary and also the substantial bonus. gives the names and addresses of several of her acquaintances who have been students Lurlene Bruce Clarke, now Mrs. Spain, here. sends in her questionnaire from Church Road, Dinwiddie County. Sarah Brent writes from Hague, Va.: 1 his is my first attempt at teaching but Velma Moeschler is cafeteria director and instructor in dietetics in the Young Women's I am perfectly delighted with my work." She has the primary grades in Cople School. Christian Association, Zanesville, O. We She says further: "During the war I worked should like to tell what a fat salary she is for Dupont, as a truck driver, at Penniman drawing, but fear that she might not for- give us. - very hard work, but a wonderful exper- ience." Anna M. Brunk, who graduated in 1916, has been teaching the last two sessions Jessie D. Conrad and Mary Conrad are m Des Moines, la. Her address is 1305 both students in Randolph-Macon Woman's 22d Street. The city fathers treat her well College, Lynchburg, and are, so far as we and we are not surprised. ave learned, keeping up the standards set there for our girls by Mary Wallace Buck. On February 3, Maude Tyson Wes- Mary Scott, and Margaret Kinnear. cott was married in Baltimore, Md., to Mr. Joseph Leo Brown. After February 15, Henrietta C. Dunlap is teaching in Lex- Mr. and Mrs. Brown will be at home at ington. She has held her present position 1818 Ingleside Terrace, N. W., Washing- for a number of years and is wanted longer. ton, D. C, It is a fine thing to make good in one's own community. OUR CONTRIBUTORS Gertrude Carrier is teaching her fourth year at Herndon, Va. She says:"I try each JOHN W. WAYLAND is the head of the de- partment of history and social science. year to improve the building and yard". This GRACE BRINTON is the head of the depart- week we are giving a chicken pie supper to ment or home economics. get shades for the building. Next month W. J GIFPORD is the head of the department we shall have a T om Thumb wedding for of education and dean of the school. the benefit of the grades—think we shall get books." When contributors are members of the Sallie F. Rome, now Mrs. J. L. More- State Normal School at Harrisonburg, their addresses are not given. THE VIRGINIA TEACHER IV

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lou can have all the conveniences in your country homes that you enjoy at the Normal School. Bright, safe. Electric Lights all through your House and Barn, walks and driveways, DELCO LIGHT also operates a water system which gives you running water for the Kitchen, Bath Room, etc., witn plenty of water for stock in fields or barn. High Grade Pianos and Player Your Home is out of date without these conveniences and the first cost is very reasonable, and the upkeep is only about Pianos at most moderate prices Twenty-Five Cents a week for water and lights. Write us for Literature or ask your neighbor about DELCO-LIGHT, for there is one near you. C. L. FURR DEALER Rockingham County Coiner Furniture Co. Harrisonburg, :: Va. P. O. Box 154 Phone 234 South Main St. Harrisonburg, Va.

Brain Work

possible to use the lsco for natural functions of the brain SlJw fr™, ?in port™ ltt- Yours to glasseshave theare to correct these conditions. Do you not 0 7 0m? fJ I* * lenses made accurately? We have the prescription.• ?I WeAr duplicateE the BEST lenses Optical and repair work allin makesSouth-west of frames Virginia. Send us your 531 McRAIN BUILDING WILLIAM R. HILL ROANOKE, VIRGINIA EXPERT OPTICIAN THE VIRGINIA TEACHER viii

The most complete line of Fancy Groceries, Fruits and Vegetables

CAN BE FOUND AT

THE STA-KLENE STORE A WELCOME ALWAYS AWAITS YOU Phones 122 & 195 LINE WEAVER BROTHERS, Inc. Harrisonburg.Va.

CL

(Formerly known as Weyer's Cave)

' | VWENTY miles south of Harrisonburg and twenty miles A north of Staunton. A natural curiosity unequaled. The largest chambers in any cave that is lighted by electricity. Experienced travelers say it surpasses in colors and forma- tions. The dryest and most accessable of caverns. One and a half hours of amazement and delight. Special low rates for all schools and organizations when in large parties.

Descriptive folder on application

J. M. PIRKEY, Supt. Grottoes, Virginia

THE VEND A 5 & 10c COMPANY The Ideal Shopping Place

We invite all Normal School girls to visit our store. You will find at our store many articles you will need while in our city

You Are Always Welcome 79 North Main Street "The Old 5 & 10c Store" ix THE' VIRGINIA; TEACHER

Information Combined with Experience and YOU CAN Mechanical Skill BE AS CAREFUL /CONSTITUTE a trio which is as you care to be and still be ^—'highly important to every one needing the comforts of Sani- pleased at this store with your pur- tary Plumbing and the best chase. We explain the quality to methods of house warming. you and guarantee all we recom- We are here to serve you in mend. these and kindred lines and feel that we can measure up to D. C. DEVIER your highest ideals and needs. Reliable Jeweler May we serve you? Estimates furnished. Telephone or write HARRISONBURG, VA. REGISTERED OPTOMETRIST and a real lens grinding plant THOMAS PLUMBING and HEATING CO. Broken lenses replaced on short notice. 102 E. Market St. Harrisonburg, Va. At the business twenty years.

BURKE & PRICE The DEAN STUDIO HARRISONBURG, VA. Fire Insurance and Surety Bonds KODAKS

Harrisonburg, Va. National Bank Bldg. Phone 16 Films Developed and Printed

DR. W. L. BAUGHER DENTIST JOHN W. TALIAFERRO Harrisonburg, Virginia JEWELER AND OPTICIAN

HARRISONBURG, :: VA, BLOOM'S The oldest one price store in Court Sq. Next to Fletcher's Drug Store HARRISONBURG, VA. THE VIRGINIA TEACHER x

Feeding It To The Ravens'' iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii Poor printing, besides being a Wiaste of expenditure, gives negative, unfavorable impressions. Money spent for poor printing is like feeding It to the birds. Whereas, printing of quality is effective, economical and lasting. From the printing of the simplest envelope stuffer or card to the most complex order, we aim to imbue a spirit of quality and attractiveness. Why not let us co-operate for a most pleasing result on your next job of printing? You'll And our prices right

NEWS-RECORD JOB DEPARTMENT PRINTERS OF THIS MAGAZINE HARRISONBURG, VIRGINIA

^ Say it with

v Flowers P

Fresh Cut Flowers always on hand. Satis- faction must accompany every sale.

"Will be glad to have you call at our store any time. If you do not find it convenient to come in person, call Phone No. 67, or drop us a line by mail.

Our Service is the kind that pleases.

WETSEL SEED COMPANY, Inc. Phone No. 67 Seeds and Flowers 149 South Main Street ■

Xi THE VIRGINIA TEACHER

SERVICE IS THE BIG VALLEY MUSIC WORD TODAY We are here, not only to sell COMPANY Shoes, but to FIT SHOES In offering to our friends The New Edison Phono- Selby Shoes For Women and graph and Records Bostonian Famous Shoes For Men and seeing that you are PROPERLY FITTED Victor Talking Machines We feel that we are giving you a real service, which we think and Records you will appreciate. YAGER'S SHOE STORE Thos. P. Yager, Proprietor. Agents Phoenix Hosiery SALESMEN Sheet Music 79 N. MAIN ST. Mr. P. B. Garber—Mr. Jas. B. Morris OrMiocpodist. Practipedlst

§ultn & Hartm (Eo. Developing and 1215 F. St., 1214—1216—1218 G St. Printing of WASHINGTON, D. C. iiiiimiiiuiiiimiiMiimi Kodak Films China, Glass, Silver, Kitchen Equipments All work returned in 24 hours iiiiiiiiiniiiimiiiiniiim For Colleges, Hotels and Institutions iiiiu inn inn ii i imiii inn Catalog Sent on Request 10 cts. for developing film Correspondence Solicited 3 cts. No. 2 Brownie prints 4 cts. No. 2A Brownie prints Gift Articles of Sterling Silver, Fine China, Cut Glass, Art 5 cts. for post card size Pottery, Lamps, etc.

Suitable Objects for Prizes, Trophies and College Events Baugher's Book Store Build A Solid Wall

Of Protection

Around Your Family

Fo matter how much money you earn, save some of it for the future pro- tection of your loved ones.

When sickness, misfortune or reverses arise, you are in a position to meet the emergency. Your money is at your command—a solid wall of helpfulness —a bulwark of safety—a solace inde- scribable.

Open a savings account at the First National Bank and enjoy the satisfac- tion of knowing you are doing what you should be doing—protecting your family.

^ a f r 11] 3 it Bt THE VIRGINIA TEACHER

Harrisonburg Normal School

Harrisonburg, Virginia

ANNOUNCEMENT—Session 1921-1922

TWO YEAR COURSES (Leading to Professional Diploma) 1. For Primary and Kindergarten Teachers 2. For Grammar Grade Teachers 3. For Junior High School Teachers 4. For High School Teachers. 5. For Teachers of Home Economics Subjects

Four Year Course Hi Home Economics, under the Smith-Hughes Law, leading to the B. S. degree in Education SPECIAL COURSES In Dietetics and Institutional Management

MUSIC AND EXPRESSION Strong Department of Music and Expression (Six instructors) Opportunities for students needing financial assis- tance through System of Student Service Free State Scholarships State Loan Fund Only candidates for professional courses admitted Mature student body makes for high professional standards and splendid school spirit Exceptional practice teaching facilities in both ur- ban and rural schools Early registration necessary For catalog address SAMUEL P. DUKE, President