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Forest Farming
Forest Farming Ken Mudge CY ROSE N NA Many sections of the Northeast have been reforested over the past century. Extensive forest cover is seen in this view from Wachu- sett Mountain in central Massachusetts. armers harvest crops from their fields, and agroforestry—a multidisciplinary approach to loggers harvest trees from their forests, agricultural production that achieves diverse, Fbut what do forest farmers harvest? The profitable, sustainable land use by integrating answer is an eclectic collection of non-timber trees with non-timber forest crops. forest crops like maple syrup, medicinal herbs, While some other agroforestry practices begin fruits, gourmet mushrooms, and nuts. with planting young trees that take years to Forest farming is an approach to forest man- mature, forest farming involves planting non- agement that combines some of the manage- timber forest crops beneath the canopy of an ment practices of conventional forestry with established forest. In other words, other agro- those of farming or gardening to achieve forestry practices bring the forest to the crops, an environmentally and economically sus- whereas forest farming brings the crops to the tainable land-use system. It is one of several forest. In this regard it is helpful to consider related practices that fall under the domain of the role of forest farming in overall forest man- Forest Farming 27 agement. A forest farm should be designed to bearing trees including walnuts and peaches, emulate as much as possible a natural forest. but there is no evidence of deliberate culti- This includes characteristics of a healthy forest vation of useful crops beneath the canopy of ecosystem such as species diversity, resilience established forest. -
Priscila-IAEA
1 SM/EB-13 E-beam Irradiation of “in nature” Palm: Texture and Color Evaluation Silva, P.V a; Nunes, T.C.F a; Furgeri a, C.; Pitombo b, R.N.M; Hojeije c, K.Y. and Villavicencio, A.L.C.H a a Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), Centro de Tecnologia das Radiações, Laboratório de Detecção de alimentos Irradiados, Cidade Universitária, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes 2242, Butantã CEP 05508-000 São Paulo - SP, Brazil. b Faculdade Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Tecnologia Farmacêutica e Bioquímica, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes 580, Bloco 16 CEP 05508-900 São Paulo – SP, Brazil. c Floresta Indústria e Comércio Ltda. Rodovia Régis Bittencourt BR116, Km 416 Bairro Piúva CEP 118000- 000. Juquiá , São Paulo-SP, Brazil. Email contact of main author: [email protected] [email protected] Abstract The palm tree ( Bactris gasipaes Kunth) is a potential raised species with economic, for the nutritional value of its fruits that can in such way be used in the feeding human being as in the animal, and mainly, for the extraction of the palm that currently has a bigger interest in this culture. Food irradiation is a worldwide technology that aims to improve the product quality, in order to eliminate diverse microorganisms that can spoil the food. Irradiation processing, in the recommended doses, causes very few chemical alterations in foods, nutritional losses are considered insignificant and some of the alterations known found in irradiated foods is not harmful or dangerous. The objective of this work was to evaluate physical characteristics of in nature peach palm, such as color and texture, after combination of e-beam processing and refrigeration. -
A Black Huckleberry Case Study in the Kootenay Region of British Columbia
Extension Note HOBBY AND KEEFER BC Journal of Ecosystems and Management A black huckleberry case study in the Kootenay region of British Columbia Tom Hobby1 and Michael E. Keefer2 Abstract This case study explores the commercial development of black huckleberries (Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl.) in the Kootenay region of British Columbia. Black huckleberries have a long history of human and wildlife use, and there are increasing demands on the resource in the region. Conflicts between commercial, traditional, and recreational users have emerged over expanding the harvest of this non-timber forest product (NTFP). This case study explores the potential for expanding huckleberry commercialization by examining the potential management and policy options that would support a sustainable commercial harvest. The article also reviews trends and issues within the huckleberry sector and ecological research currently conducted within the region. keywords: British Columbia; forest ecology; forest economic development; forest management; huckleberries; non-timber forest products; wildlife. Contact Information 1 Consultant, SCR Management Inc., PO Box 341, Malahat, BC V0R 2L0. Email: [email protected] 2 Principal, Keefer Ecological Services Ltd., 3816 Highland Road, Cranbrook, BC V1C 6X7. Email: [email protected] Editor’s Note: Please refer to Mitchell and Hobby (2010; see page 27) in this special issue for a description of the overall non-timber forest product project and details of the methodology employed in the case studies. JEM — VOLU me 11, NU M B E RS 1 AND 2 Published by FORREX Forum for Research and Extension in Natural Resources Hobby,52 T. and M.E. Keefer. 2010. A blackJEM huckleberry — VOLU me case 11, study NU M inB E RSthe 1 Kootenay AND 2 region of British Columbia. -
The Following Carcinogenic Essential Oils Should Not Be Used In
Aromatherapy Undiluted- Safety and Ethics Copyright © Tony Burfield and Sylla Sheppard-Hanger (2005) [modified from a previous article “A Brief Safety Guidance on Essential Oils” written for IFA, Sept 2004]. Intro In the last 20 years aromatherapy has spread its influence to the household, toiletries and personal care areas: consumer products claiming to relax or invigorate our psyche’s have invaded our bathrooms, kitchen and living room areas. The numbers of therapists using essential oils in Europe and the USA has grown from a handful in the early 1980’s to thousands now worldwide. We have had time to add to our bank of knowledge on essential oils from reflecting on many decades of aromatherapeutic development and history, the collection of anecdotal information from practicing therapists, as well as from clinical & scientific investigations. We have also had enough time to consider the risks in employing essential oils in therapy. In the last twenty years, many more people have had accidents, been ‘burnt’, developed rashes, become allergic, and become sensitized to our beloved tools. Why is this? In this paper, we hope to shed light on this issue, clarify current safety findings, and discuss how Aromatherapists and those in the aromatherapy trade (suppliers, spas, etc.) can interpret this data for continued safe practice. After a refresher on current safety issues including carcinogenic and toxic oils, irritant and photo-toxic oils, we will look at allergens, oils without formal testing, pregnancy issues and medication interactions. We will address the increasing numbers of cases of sensitization and the effect of diluting essential oils. -
Latex Free Claims: a White Paper on the Risks Associated with Latex Allergies and Latex in Healthcare
Latex Free Claims: A White Paper on the Risks Associated with Latex Allergies and Latex in Healthcare Brought to you by: Allergy and Asthma Network: Sue Lockwood and Robert Hamilton, M.S., Ph.D. Avella Specialty Pharmacy: Eric Sredzinski, Pharm.D., AAHIVP and Jenna Vaughn, Pharm.D., PGY1 Executive Summary There is significant confusion as to the meaning of “latex free” in healthcare. The FDA has urged manufacturers to drop the term “latex free” or a ”does not contain latex” claim from labels because of the challenge to ensure a product is completely devoid of natural rubber latex proteins which cause the allergic reactions. While there are no regulations requiring the On December 2, labeling of a medical product to state natural rubber latex was not used as a material in the manufacturing process, the terms “latex free” or 2014, the FDA “does not contain latex” are used too broadly. According to the FDA, these labeling techniques are not sufficiently specific, not necessarily scientifically released the accurate, and may be misunderstood and applied too widely. final latex guidance On December 2, 2014, the FDA released the final latex guidance document document advising [https://www.fda.gov/downloads/MedicalDevices/DeviceRegulationandGuidance/ GuidanceDocuments/UCM342872.pdf] advising firms to use “not made with firms to use natural rubber latex” if no natural (Hevea brasiliensis) rubber latex was used in the "not made manufacturing process. Not all types of latex are from natural rubber latex; for example, products that contain nitrile and polyvinyl chloride, will not cause a with natural natural rubber latex allergy because these are synthetic formulations. -
Huckleberry Picking at Priest Lake
HUCKLEBERRY (Vaccinium Membranaceum) USDA Forest Service Other Common Names Northern Region Blueberry, Big Whortleberry, Black Idaho Panhandle Huckleberry, Bilberry. National Forests Description: The huckleberry is a low erect shrub, ranging from 1-5' tall. The flowers are shaped like tiny pink or white urns, which blossom in June and July, depending on elevation. The leaves are short, elliptical and alter- native on the stems. The bush turns brilliant red and sheds its leaves in the fall. The stem bark is reddish (often yellowish-green in shaded sites). The shape of the berry varies The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) from round to oval and the color var- prohibits discrimination in its programs on the basis ies from purplish black to wine- of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disa- colored red. Some species have a bility, political beliefs, and marital or familial status. dusky blue covering called bloom. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Per- The berries taste sweet and tart, in sons with disabilities who require alternative means the same proportions. of communication of program information (braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's Ripening Season: July-August TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). Early in the season, by mid-July, the berries on sunny southern facing To file a complaint, write the Secretary of Agriculture, Huckleberry slopes and lower elevations are first U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC to ripen. They are most succulent in 20250, or call 1-800-795-3272 (voice) or 202-720- mid-summer. However, good pick- 6382 (TDD). -
Juniperus Communis L.) Essential Oil
Antioxidants 2014, 3, 81-98; doi:10.3390/antiox3010081 OPEN ACCESS antioxidants ISSN 2076-3921 www.mdpi.com/journal/antioxidants Article Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Properties of Juniper Berry (Juniperus communis L.) Essential Oil. Action of the Essential Oil on the Antioxidant Protection of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Model Organism Martina Höferl 1,*, Ivanka Stoilova 2, Erich Schmidt 1, Jürgen Wanner 3, Leopold Jirovetz 1, Dora Trifonova 2, Lutsian Krastev 4 and Albert Krastanov 2 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Division of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria; E-Mails: [email protected] (E.S.); [email protected] (L.J.) 2 Department Biotechnology, University of Food Technologies, Plovdiv 4002, Bulgaria; E-Mails: [email protected] (I.S.); [email protected] (D.T.); [email protected] (A.K.) 3 Kurt Kitzing Co., Wallerstein 86757, Germany; E-Mail: [email protected] 4 University Laboratory for Food Analyses, University of Food Technologies, Plovdiv 4002, Bulgaria; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +43-1-4277-55555; Fax: +43-1-4277-855555. Received: 11 December 2013; in revised form: 26 January 2014 / Accepted: 28 January 2014 / Published: 24 February 2014 Abstract: The essential oil of juniper berries (Juniperus communis L., Cupressaceae) is traditionally used for medicinal and flavoring purposes. As elucidated by gas chromatography/flame ionization detector (GC/FID) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS methods), the juniper berry oil from Bulgaria is largely comprised of monoterpene hydrocarbons such as α-pinene (51.4%), myrcene (8.3%), sabinene (5.8%), limonene (5.1%) and β-pinene (5.0%). -
Use of Undiluted Tea-Tree Oil As a Cosmetic
Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) Use of undiluted tea-tree oil as a cosmetic Opinion of the Federal Insitute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 1th September 2003 Background Recently there has been an increasing amount of reports on contact-allergic eczema in con- junction with the use of tea-tree oil. Tea-tree oil is sold as a pure natural product, highly con- centrated and undiluted in cosmetics. Tea-tree oil is advertised as a universal remedy al- though there is no marketing authorisation as a pharmaceutical product. Concentrated tea-tree oil has been classified as harmful according to the self-classification of the International Fragrance Association (IFRA) and is labelled with R-phrases R 22 (harmful if swallowed) R 38 (irritating to skin) and R 65 (may cause lung damage if swallowed) as well as the symbol Xn (harmful) (IFRA Labelling Manual 1, 2001). These indications of health hazards are also part of the safety data sheets of raw material suppliers. At the 65th and 66th meetings of the Cosmetics Committee at the Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), health risks associated with the use of undiluted and highly concentrated tea-tree oil in cosmetic products were discussed extensively. Result Tea-tree oil is a mixture of various terpenes extracted from the Australian tea-tree. Undiluted tea-tree oil is a pure natural product. In the presence of atmospheric oxygen but also when exposed to light and higher temperatures, oxidation processes occur leading to the formation of peroxides, epoxides and endoperoxides which have a sensitising potency and may trigger allergic skin reactions. -
CASCADE BILBERRY Decorated with Bear Grass and Bitter Cherry Bark
Plant Guide baskets include "Klikitat baskets" of cedar root CASCADE BILBERRY decorated with bear grass and bitter cherry bark. Each family would harvest and store approximately Vaccinium deliciosum Piper four or five pecks (ca. four to five gallons) of dried Plant Symbol = VADE berries for winter use (Perkins n.d. (1838-43), Book 1:10). Hunn (1990) estimates that there were 28-42 Contributed by: USDA NRCS National Plant Data huckleberry harvest days in a year. This resulted in a Center & Oregon Plant Materials Center total annual harvest of 63.9-80.2 kg/woman/year from the Tenino-Wishram area, and 90 kg/woman/year from the Umatilla area. The net result was a huckleberry harvest yield of 31 kcal/person/day in the Tenino-Wishram area and 42 kcal/person/day for the Umatilla area (Hunn 1981: 130-131). Vaccinium species contain 622 Kcal per 100 gm huckleberries, with 15.3 gm carbohydrate, 0.5 gm fat, 0.7 gm protein and 83.2 gm water (Hunn 1981:130-131). In the fall, after the harvest, it was common for the Sahaptin to burn these areas to create favorable habitat (Henry Lewis 1973, 1977). Fire creates sunny openings in the forest and edges that foster the rapid spread of nutritious herbs and shrubs that favors the huckleberries (Minore 1972:68). The leaves and berries are high in vitamin C. The Jeanne Russell Janish leaves and finely chopped stems contain quinic acid, Used with permission of the publishers © Stanford University a former therapeutic for gout said to inhibit uric acid Abrams & Ferris (1960) formation but never widely used because of mixed clinical results. -
Essential Oils As Therapeutics
Article Essential oils as Therapeutics S C Garg Department of Chemistry Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar 470 003, Madhya Pradesh, India E-mail: [email protected] Kingdom. British nurses are insured by the Abstract Royal College of Nurses to use essential Essential oils are the volatile secondary plant metabolites which mainly oils both topically and inhalation for consist of terpenoids and benzenoids. Research in the later half of 20th century improved patient care. Lavender oil with has revealed that many curative properties attributed to various plants in its mild sedative powers is being tested as indigenous medicine are also present in their essential oils. These oils exert a a drug replacement to treat older patients number of general effects from the pharmacological viewpoint. When applied suffering insomnia, anxiety and depression locally, the essential oils mix readily with skin oils, allowing these to attack the and to make terminal care patients more infective agents quickly and actively. Therapeutic properties of various essential comfortable. In New York hospitals vanilla oils based on folklore, experiences and claims of aromatherapists and scientific oil is released under patient’s noses to help studies have been summarised in this review. In vitro studies conducted by the them relax before an MRI scan. Italian author on antimicrobial and anthelmintic properties of some essential oils have research has shown it to relieve anxiety also been discussed. and fear. Keywords: Essential oils, Therapeutics, Aromatherapy, Antimicrobial, Anthelmintic. Modes of essential oil usage IPC Code; Int. cl.7 ⎯ C11B 9/00, A61P/00, A61P 31/00, A61P 33/10 Inhalation for respiratory tract infections and physiological effect, topical Introduction anointments. -
Effect of Ganoderma Lucidum (Reishi) on Hematological Parameters
Available online at www.ijmrhs.com cal R edi ese M ar of c l h a & n r H u e o a J l l t h International Journal of Medical Research & a S n ISSN No: 2319-5886 o c i t i Health Sciences, 2018, 7(3): 151-157 e a n n c r e e t s n I • • IJ M R H S Effect of Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) on Hematological Parameters in Wistar Rats Hammad Ahmed and Muhammad Aslam* Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan *Corresponding e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi), has been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for 5000 years or more. In China and Japan Ganoderma lucidum has been used in folk medicine, commonly in the treatment of neurasthenia, insomnia, hepatopathy, nephritis, gastric ulcers, asthma, and hypertension. In this study we have evaluated the effect of Ganoderma lucidum on hematological parameters in Wistar rats. The extract was given orally by gavage at the dose of 150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg body weight. The result of our study shows extremely significant increase in the hemoglobin level, platelet count and leukocyte count more specifically at a dose of 150 mg/kg of Ganoderma lucidum extract when compare with normal control group. However, at a dose of 300 mg/kg of GLE, significant increase in hemoglobin level and extremely significant increase in leukocyte count were observed. Whereas, insignificant result was observed at both the doses of GLE in case of hematocrit level, MCV, MCHC, MCH and RBC count. -
Oxidative Stress and Parkinson's Disease: New Hopes in Treatment with Herbal Antioxidants
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283728452 Oxidative stress and Parkinson's disease: New hopes in treatment with herbal antioxidants Article in Current pharmaceutical design · November 2015 CITATIONS READS 43 1,053 4 authors, including: Mahmoud Bahmani Hedayatollah Shirzad 219 PUBLICATIONS 2,021 CITATIONS Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences 106 PUBLICATIONS 1,357 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Mahmoud Rafieian-kopaei Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences 337 PUBLICATIONS 5,110 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Genetic mapping of deafness in Iran View project expression of anti-oxidative stress genes in ulcerative colitis View project All content following this page was uploaded by Mahmoud Bahmani on 28 November 2015. provided by shahrekord university of medical scinces The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk CORE brought to you by Send Orders for Reprints to [email protected] Current Pharmaceutical Design, 2016, 22, 000-000 1 Oxidative Stress and Parkinson’s Disease: New Hopes in Treatment with Herbal Antioxidants Amir Sarrafchi1, Mahmoud Bahmani2, Hedayatollah Shirzad1 and Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei1* 1Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran; 2Food and Bev- erages Safety Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder due to dopamine deficit in substatia nigra. PD is mainly a sporadic disease with unestablished etiology. However, exposure to environmental toxins, head trauma, Please provide corresponding author(s) inflammation, and free radicals are potential reasons.