Use of Undiluted Tea-Tree Oil As a Cosmetic
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The Following Carcinogenic Essential Oils Should Not Be Used In
Aromatherapy Undiluted- Safety and Ethics Copyright © Tony Burfield and Sylla Sheppard-Hanger (2005) [modified from a previous article “A Brief Safety Guidance on Essential Oils” written for IFA, Sept 2004]. Intro In the last 20 years aromatherapy has spread its influence to the household, toiletries and personal care areas: consumer products claiming to relax or invigorate our psyche’s have invaded our bathrooms, kitchen and living room areas. The numbers of therapists using essential oils in Europe and the USA has grown from a handful in the early 1980’s to thousands now worldwide. We have had time to add to our bank of knowledge on essential oils from reflecting on many decades of aromatherapeutic development and history, the collection of anecdotal information from practicing therapists, as well as from clinical & scientific investigations. We have also had enough time to consider the risks in employing essential oils in therapy. In the last twenty years, many more people have had accidents, been ‘burnt’, developed rashes, become allergic, and become sensitized to our beloved tools. Why is this? In this paper, we hope to shed light on this issue, clarify current safety findings, and discuss how Aromatherapists and those in the aromatherapy trade (suppliers, spas, etc.) can interpret this data for continued safe practice. After a refresher on current safety issues including carcinogenic and toxic oils, irritant and photo-toxic oils, we will look at allergens, oils without formal testing, pregnancy issues and medication interactions. We will address the increasing numbers of cases of sensitization and the effect of diluting essential oils. -
Juniperus Communis L.) Essential Oil
Antioxidants 2014, 3, 81-98; doi:10.3390/antiox3010081 OPEN ACCESS antioxidants ISSN 2076-3921 www.mdpi.com/journal/antioxidants Article Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Properties of Juniper Berry (Juniperus communis L.) Essential Oil. Action of the Essential Oil on the Antioxidant Protection of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Model Organism Martina Höferl 1,*, Ivanka Stoilova 2, Erich Schmidt 1, Jürgen Wanner 3, Leopold Jirovetz 1, Dora Trifonova 2, Lutsian Krastev 4 and Albert Krastanov 2 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Division of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria; E-Mails: [email protected] (E.S.); [email protected] (L.J.) 2 Department Biotechnology, University of Food Technologies, Plovdiv 4002, Bulgaria; E-Mails: [email protected] (I.S.); [email protected] (D.T.); [email protected] (A.K.) 3 Kurt Kitzing Co., Wallerstein 86757, Germany; E-Mail: [email protected] 4 University Laboratory for Food Analyses, University of Food Technologies, Plovdiv 4002, Bulgaria; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +43-1-4277-55555; Fax: +43-1-4277-855555. Received: 11 December 2013; in revised form: 26 January 2014 / Accepted: 28 January 2014 / Published: 24 February 2014 Abstract: The essential oil of juniper berries (Juniperus communis L., Cupressaceae) is traditionally used for medicinal and flavoring purposes. As elucidated by gas chromatography/flame ionization detector (GC/FID) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS methods), the juniper berry oil from Bulgaria is largely comprised of monoterpene hydrocarbons such as α-pinene (51.4%), myrcene (8.3%), sabinene (5.8%), limonene (5.1%) and β-pinene (5.0%). -
Outpatient Acne Care Guideline
Outpatient Acne Care Guideline Severity Mild Moderate Severe < 20 comedones or < 20-100 comedones or 15-50 > 5 cysts, >100 comedones, or inflammatory lesions inflammatory lesions >50 inflammatory lesions Initial Treatment Initial Treatment Initial Treatment Benzoyl Peroxide (BP) or Topical Combination Therapy Combination Therapy Topical Retinoid Retinoid + BP Oral antibiotic or OR + (Retinoid + Antibiotic) + BP Topical retinoid Topical Combination Therapy or + BP + Antibiotic Retinoid + (BP + Antibiotic) or OR BP Retinoid + BP Oral antibiotic + topical retinoid + +/- or BP Topical antibiotic Retinoid + Antibiotic + BP or Topical Dapsone IF Inadequate Response IF Inadequate Response IF Inadequate Consider dermatology Response referral Change topical retinoid Consider changing oral concentrations, type and/or antibiotic formulation AND or Add BP or retinoid, if not already Change topiocal combination Consider isotretinoin prescribed therapy Consider hormone therapy or and/or (females) Change topical retinoid Add or change oral antibiotic concentrations, type and/or or formulation Consider isotretinoin Additional Considerations or Consider hormone therapy (females) Change topical comination Previous treatment/history Side effects therapy Costs Psychosocial impact Vehicle selection Active scarring Ease of use Regimen complexity Approved Evidence Based Medicine Committee 1-18-17 Reassess the appropriateness of Care Guidelines as condition changes. This guideline is a tool to aid clinical decision making. It is not a standard of care. The physician should deviate from the guideline when clinical judgment so indicates. GOAL: Pediatricians should initiate treatment for cases of “Mild” to “Severe” acne (see algorithms attached). Pediatricians should also counsel patients in order to maximize adherence to acne treatment regimens: 1. Realistic expectations. Patients should be counseled that topical therapies typically take up to 6-8 weeks to start seeing results. -
Formulary Drug Removals
July 2018 Formulary Drug Removals Below is a list of medicines by drug class that have been removed from your plan’s formulary. If you continue using one of the drugs listed below and identified as a Formulary Drug Removal, you may be required to pay the full cost. If you are currently using one of the formulary drug removals, ask your doctor to choose one of the generic or brand formulary options listed below. Category Formulary Drug Formulary Options Drug Class Removals Allergies BECONASE AQ flunisolide spray, fluticasone spray, mometasone spray, triamcinolone spray, Nasal Steroids / Combinations OMNARIS DYMISTA QNASL ZETONNA Anticonvulsants ZONEGRAN carbamazepine, carbamazepine ext-rel, divalproex sodium, divalproex sodium ext-rel, gabapentin, lamotrigine, lamotrigine ext-rel, levetiracetam, levetiracetam ext-rel, oxcarbazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, phenytoin sodium extended, tiagabine, topiramate, valproic acid, zonisamide, FYCOMPA, OXTELLAR XR, TROKENDI XR, VIMPAT Anti-infectives, Antibacterials E.E.S. GRANULES erythromycins Erythromycins / Macrolides ERYPED Anti-infectives, Antibacterials MINOCIN minocycline Tetracyclines DORYX doxycycline hyclate DORYX MPC MONODOX Anti-infectives, Antibacterials MACRODANTIN nitrofurantoin Miscellaneous Anti-infectives, Antivirals VALCYTE valganciclovir Cytomegalovirus * Anti-infectives, Antivirals MAVYRET EPCLUSA (genotypes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), HARVONI (genotypes 1, 4, 5, 6), VOSEVI 1 Hepatitis C * DAKLINZA EPCLUSA (genotypes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), HARVONI (genotypes 1, 4, 5, 6) OLYSIO TECHNIVIE -
Essential Oils As Therapeutics
Article Essential oils as Therapeutics S C Garg Department of Chemistry Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar 470 003, Madhya Pradesh, India E-mail: [email protected] Kingdom. British nurses are insured by the Abstract Royal College of Nurses to use essential Essential oils are the volatile secondary plant metabolites which mainly oils both topically and inhalation for consist of terpenoids and benzenoids. Research in the later half of 20th century improved patient care. Lavender oil with has revealed that many curative properties attributed to various plants in its mild sedative powers is being tested as indigenous medicine are also present in their essential oils. These oils exert a a drug replacement to treat older patients number of general effects from the pharmacological viewpoint. When applied suffering insomnia, anxiety and depression locally, the essential oils mix readily with skin oils, allowing these to attack the and to make terminal care patients more infective agents quickly and actively. Therapeutic properties of various essential comfortable. In New York hospitals vanilla oils based on folklore, experiences and claims of aromatherapists and scientific oil is released under patient’s noses to help studies have been summarised in this review. In vitro studies conducted by the them relax before an MRI scan. Italian author on antimicrobial and anthelmintic properties of some essential oils have research has shown it to relieve anxiety also been discussed. and fear. Keywords: Essential oils, Therapeutics, Aromatherapy, Antimicrobial, Anthelmintic. Modes of essential oil usage IPC Code; Int. cl.7 ⎯ C11B 9/00, A61P/00, A61P 31/00, A61P 33/10 Inhalation for respiratory tract infections and physiological effect, topical Introduction anointments. -
Mechanisms of Action of Azelaic Acid 15% Gel: Assessing Its Broad Antioxidant and Comedolytic Effects Zoe Diana Draelos, MD
CCOSMETIOSMETICC CCONSULTATIONONSULTATION Mechanisms of Action of Azelaic Acid 15% Gel: Assessing Its Broad Antioxidant and Comedolytic Effects Zoe Diana Draelos, MD wo small studies were undertaken to investi- Dermatologic medications can have a similar versatility gate the ability of azelaic acid (AzA) 15% gel of action. For example, tetracyclines are used for their T to function as a comedolytic and as a topical antibacterial and anti-inflammatory qualities to treat antioxidant. The first study compared AzA 15% gel with acne. Sodium sulfacetamide and sulfur combinations are benzoyl peroxide (BPO) 5% gel as a comedolytic. Ten used for antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory participants were randomized to apply AzA 15% gel on purposes for acne, seborrheic dermatitis, and rosacea. one shoulder and BPO 5% gel on the other shoulder One could argue that versatile ingredients can often be twice daily for 4 weeks, with a nontreated site on the more valuable than those that deliver a single, albeit central back serving as the control in all participants. powerful, effect. Comedone counts were obtainedCOS at baseline and week DERM4 An alternate dermatologic prescription that has mul- by examination of cyanoacrylate biopsies taken from tiple mechanisms of action is AzA 15% gel. Also known each site. The AzA 15% gel and BPO 5% gel produced as nonanedioic acid, AzA is a saturated dicarboxylic acid substantial decreases in mean comedones (12 to 0.9 and found naturally in wheat, rye, and barley. It is also pro- 14.9 to 1.6, respectively) from baseline to week 4 as duced by the yeast Pityrosporum ovale, a natural compo- compared with controlsDo (14.6 to 10.9). -
Comparing 2.5%, 5%, and 10% Benzoyl Peroxide on Inflammatory
Pharmacology and Therapeutics Comparing 2.5%, 5%, and 10% Benzoyi Peroxide on Inflammatory Acne Vulgaris OTTO H. MILLS, JR., PH.D., ALBERT M. KLICMAN, M.D., PH.D., PETER POCHI, M.D., AND HARRIET COMITE, M.D. From the Departments of Dermatology, University of Subjects, Materials, and Methods Pennsy/vania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and Boston University School of Medicine, Clinical Studies Boston, Massachusetts The same methods were used to conduct three double- blind studies. After giving informed consent, subjects with mild to moderately severe inflammatory acne vulgaris of the face (minimum of 10 inflammatory lesions) were assigned to one of the three treatment groups. A total of 153 subjects, 74 men and 79 women (average age of 20 years), participated ABSTRACT: A 2.5% formulation of benzoyi peroxide was in the three studies. In the first, 25 subjects used 2.5% ben- compared with its vehicle, and with a 5% and a 10% proprietary zoyi peroxide gel and 25, the gel vehicle for this formulation. benzoyi peroxide gel preparation in three double-blind studies In the second, 26 used the 2.5 gel and 27, a 5% gel. The involving 153 patients with mild to moderately severe acne third study consisted of 25 subjects who used the 2.5% gel vulgaris. The 2.5% benzoyi peroxide formulation was more and 25, a 10% benzoyi peroxide gel. The subjects received effective than its vehicle and equivalent to the 5% and 10% no medications for any reasor\s during \he 4-week period concentrations in reducing the number of inflammatory lesions prior to the start of the study. -
Long-Term Use of Spironolactone for Acne in Women: a Case Series of 403 Patients
Long-term use of spironolactone for acne in women: A case series of 403 patients Vaibhav Garg, BS,a JulianaK.Choi,MD,PhD,b William D. James, MD,b and John S. Barbieri, MD, MBAb Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Background: There are limited data regarding the long-term outcomes of spironolactone use for women with acne and its effect on truncal acne. Objective: To comprehensively describe outcomes of patients treated with spironolactone in routine clinical practice, including long-term outcomes. Methods: We performed a retrospective case series of 403 adult women treated for acne with spironolactone at an academic medical center between 2008 and 2019. Rates of objective, as assessed by Comprehensive Acne Severity Scale scores, and subjective acne clearance were evaluated, as well as rates of treatment discontinuation, dosage changes, and drug survival. Logistic regression was used to assess for association between incidence of menstrual adverse effects and combined oral contraceptive use. Results: As evaluated by Comprehensive Acne Severity Scale scores, at the first follow-up, 75.5%, 84.0%, and 80.2% of patients with available data had reduction or complete clearance of acne on the face, chest, and back, respectively. The mean drug survival was 470.7 days. Menstrual adverse effects were less common among those using combined oral contraception (odds ratio, 0.23; 95% confidence interval, 0.11-0.50). Limitations: This study was conducted at a single academic medical center. Conclusions: Spironolactone improves clinical outcomes and is well tolerated for many adult women with acne using it for an extended duration. ( J Am Acad Dermatol 2021;84:1348-55.) Key words: acne; acne vulgaris; birth control pill; combined oral contraceptive; comprehensive acne severity scale; oral antibiotics; outcomes; spironolactone. -
Homemade Remedies Or Folklore IJAR 2015; 1(2): 71-75 Received: 22-09-2014 Rohit Adhav, Piyush Mantry, G.N
International Journal of Applied Research 2015; 1(2): 71-75 ISSN Print: 2394-7500 ISSN Online: 2394-5869 Impact Factor: 3.4 Homemade remedies or folklore IJAR 2015; 1(2): 71-75 www.allresearchjournal.com Received: 22-09-2014 Rohit Adhav, Piyush Mantry, G.N. Darwhekar Accepted: 12-11-2014 Abstract Folk medicine is the mixture of traditional healing practices and beliefs that involve herbal medicine, Rohit Adhav spirituality and manual therapies or exercises in order to diagnose, treat or prevent an ailment or illness. Acropolis Institute of Folk Medicine may also be referred to as alternative medicine, holistic medicine and Eastern Medicine Pharmaceutical Education and (Named after its historic practice in the countries of Asia, particularly China). Western medicine also Research. Manglia Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. referred to as allopathic medicine, scientific medicine or biomedicine, uses healing practices based on scientific evidence and research. Today, this is referred to as conventional medicine. This review paper Piyush Mantry includes various homemade remedies and folk lore which are still used to cure various disease and Acropolis Institute of disorder. Pharmaceutical Education and Research. Manglia Indore, 1. The mustard oil along with rock salt is used as a dental solution for the gum Madhya Pradesh, India. disease. G.N. Darwhekar The seeds contain two antithiamine compound, flavonol glycosides and p-OH benzoic acid. Acropolis Institute of Extraction procedure of extraction of flavonoid: Pharmaceutical Education and Research. Manglia Indore, 2. The mustard oil is taken as digestive in small amount. Madhya Pradesh, India. p-OH benzoic acid use as digestive causes GIT irritation which simulates the walls of GIT. -
Head and Shoulders ® Tea Tree Oil Shampoo Men Old Spice
HEAD AND SHOULDERS TEA TREE OIL DAILY- pyrithione zinc lotion/shampoo The Procter & Gamble Manufacturing Company Disclaimer: Most OTC drugs are not reviewed and approved by FDA, however they may be marketed if they comply with applicable regulations and policies. FDA has not evaluated whether this product complies. ---------- Head and Shoulders ® Tea Tree Oil Shampoo Men Old Spice ® Pure Sport Drug Facts Active ingredient Pyrithione zinc 1% Purpose Anti-dandruff Uses helps prevent recurrence of flaking and itching associated with dandruff. Warnings For external use only. When using this product avoid contact with eyes. If contact occurs, rinse eyes thoroughly with water. Stop use and ask a doctor if condition worsens or does not improve after regular use of this product as directed. Keep this and all drugs out of reach of children. If swallowed, get medical help or contact a Poison Control Center right away. Directions for best results use at least twice a week or as directed by a doctor. for maximum dandruff control, use every time you shampoo. shake before use. wet hair, massage onto scalp, rinse, repeat if desired. Inactive ingredients Water, sodium laureth sulfate, cocamide MEA, sodium xylenesulfonate, zinc carbonate, glycol distearate, sodium lauryl sulfate, cocamidopropyl betaine, fragrance, sodium chloride, dimethicone, menthol, guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, sodium benzoate, stearyl alcohol, magnesium carbonate hydroxide, cetyl alcohol, polyquaternium-76, mentha piperita (peppermint) oil, mentha arvensis leaf oil, melaleuca -
Therapeutic Drug Class
BUREAU FOR MEDICAL SERVICES WEST VIRGINIA MEDICAID EFFECTIVE PREFERRED DRUG LIST WITH PRIOR AUTHORIZATION CRITERIA 04/01/11 This is not an all-inclusive list of available covered drugs and includes only Version 2011.9 managed categories. Refer to cover page for complete list of rules governing this PDL. • Prior authorization for a non-preferred agent in any category will be given only if there has been a trial of the preferred brand/generic equivalent or preferred formulation of the active ingredient, at a therapeutic dose, that resulted in a partial response with a documented intolerance. • Prior authorization of a non-preferred isomer, pro-drug, or metabolite will be considered with a trial of a preferred parent drug of the same chemical entity, at a therapeutic dose, that resulted in a partial response with documented intolerance or a previous trial and therapy failure, at a therapeutic dose, with a preferred drug of a different chemical entity indicated to treat the submitted diagnosis. (The required trial may be overridden when documented evidence is provided that the use of these preferred agent(s) would be medically contraindicated.) • Unless otherwise specified, the listing of a particular brand or generic name includes all legend forms of that drug. OTC drugs are not covered unless specified. • PA criteria for non-preferred agents apply in addition to general Drug Utilization Review policy that is in effect for the entire pharmacy program, including, but not limited to, appropriate dosing, duplication of therapy, etc. • The use of pharmaceutical samples will not be considered when evaluating the members’ medical condition or prior prescription history for drugs that require prior authorization. -
Proof of Safety Challenges Facing Essential Oil Therapy
Proof of Safety Challenges Facing Essential Oil Therapy Robert Tisserand AIA Conference 2007 Denver CO © Robert Tisserand Proof of Safety, Page !1 Proof of Safety Challenges Facing Essential Oil Therapy In any healing modality, evidence of both efficacy and safety are a reasonable expectation. Some of the challenges of current essential oil therapy practice include: * What is “proof of safety”? * Can essential oils be harmful as used in essential oil therapy? * Essential oil quality and integrity * Is there any benefit from essential oil therapy? * Balancing risk and benefit * Misinformation & bias * Legislation 1. What is “proof of safety”? Evidence that the real-world use of an essential oil presents either negligible or acceptable risk. Because there is little clinical information for many essential oils, extrapolation from constituent data is often undertaken. However, this can result in misleading conclusions. Dose or concentration is a useful guide to safety, since greater amounts always increase risk, but this is pointless if it results in no effect. In addition to dose, at-risk groups such as young children, and individual health status, may affect outcome. Proof of absolute safety does not exist, because nothing is absolutely devoid of risk. For example, everything we eat, drink and breathe contains substances that, as single © Robert Tisserand Proof of Safety, Page !2 chemicals, are toxic. Contact with potentially harmful chemicals is a fact of modern life, though not necessarily hazardous. Acetaldehyde, for example, an alcohol metabolite, is a carcinogen (Seitz & Stickel 2007), but it is also found in many fruits, vegetables and other foods; also very few essential oils.