The Lovely Ohio (Late 1700S to Early 1800S)

Elementary Teaching w/docs Lesson4.indd 63

© 2018 The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, New York. Westward Migration page 63. Source: TheBalladofAmerica,www.balladofamerica.com When we settle on the banks of the lovely Ohio When we settle on the banks of the lovely Ohio When we settle on the banks of the lovely Ohio When we settle on the banks of the lovelyOhio There’s every kind of game,buckboys, myalso theand doe There’s tall and lofty sugar canethat givewill to us its juice Thereare fishes inthe river, fitted just for our use When we settle on the banks of the lovely Ohio When we settle on the banks of the lovely Ohio you can For and sew,knit loves, my while we do reap and mow Tokeep ourselvesusclothing warm some nice maketo Come all you pretty fair maids, spin us some yarn lovelyOhio We’ll the banksof the on settle And we’ll settle on the banks of the lovely Ohio All in some foreign counteree along with me to go All in some foreign counteree, a long way from home roamfellowsto briskyoung a mind all ye have who Come (late 1700stoearly1800s) The LovelyOhio

6/7/18 2:54PM Elementary Teaching w/docs Lesson4.indd 64 Other Western Verses (BostonandNewYork: HoughtonMifflinCompany, 1917),1. Source: ArthurChapman, “Out Where the WestBegins,” OutWhere theWest Beginsand “Out Where the West Begins” (1917) That’swhere West the begins. And man a makes friendshalf withouttrying— Where there’s more givingof buying,of and less Where there’s more singingof sighing,of and less That’swhere West the begins; Wheredespairareheartsin fewer aching, Outwhere the world in is the making, That’swhere West the begins. Where there’smore reapingof sowing, of less and Where there’slaughter in every streamlet flowing, Out where a fresher breeze is blowing, That’swhere West the begins; whereOut the friendship’struer, alittle Outwhere the skiesare a trifle bluer, That’swhere West the begins. bitWhereof are tighter,homebonds a wee the Where the snows thatfall are atrifle whiter, wherelittle brighter,Outis a the sun That’swhere West the begins; Out where the smile dwells a little longer, Out where the handclasp’s a little stronger, Arthur Chapman,

© 2018 The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, New York. Westward Migration page 65. The GilderLehrmanInstitute ofAmericanHistory, GLC00608 Source: Letter from Horace Greeley to R. L. Sanderson, November15,1871, R.L. Sanderson, West! Yours, anewcountry.in masteredHaving gatherfamily, these, upyour and Go requiredand dexterity industry efficient ofout-door the conservation for everydevote spare hour yourselffamiliarthe tomaking with conditions there. rude very are as to.of living such havebeenaccustomed conditions work you The up corn?reckon cut I you Indian not.And West the in it is hard find to you Can the mow? plow? you rest? you Can – Can chop? And you mother, I infer,an effectiveas out becounted worker.to is of But what allto Of Isay whoarecourse, want in of work,West! Go where men areand where employment wanted, is not bestowed asalms. they c Dear Sir: an do.Yet this is pivot whereinthe all mustturn. Horace GreeleytoR.L.Sanderson Duxbury, Mass whole say,On the I staywhere are; and you as can; doaswell you But can what you do? and how can family help your Youryou? eachplace his make believe that ofuswhohas to I should go do; askme few people shall so they tell So many what mewhat (November 15,1871) New-York Tribune. Horace Greeley. New York, New Nov. 1871. 15,

6/7/18 2:54PM Elementary Teaching w/docs Lesson4.indd 66 ______Restate inyourownwords: ______Key Words andPhrases ______Document Title Name______Period______Summary Organizer:TravelingWest Date______6/7/18 2:54PM © 2018 The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, New York. Westward Migration page 66. Elementary Teaching w/docs Lesson4.indd 67

© 2018 The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, New York. Westward Migration page 67. to rejoin . the train. quarters. This caused delay in recovering them and weary,a forced march confiningthe air we breathed. us totie down the wagon covers, andincreased so our sickness by before we got used to the seasick motion. Rain came down and required the oldest boy, hardly old enough to be any help. girls boys,and two ranging frombornthegirltobe baby the on way to firstThe encampments were a great pleasure us children. to We were five nearmoved St. Joseph, and in April, 1844, westarted across theplains. we decided startto for Oregon. Late in 1843 father sold his property and placeone longa time.. at fatherMy was one of the restless ones who are not content to remain in stones until they were glad cometo to terms. Itwasfurnished the goodby captain refractorypelting the steers with troubleday with these untilone he called Captainon for Shawassistance. young of andnot well-broken Fatherwas no ox driver,ones. and had recovered. . nightand drove offnumbercattle.a of They werepursued,never but Our cattlerecrossed in the nightbacktoand went their winter . The motion of the wagon usmade all sick, and was it weeks Wehad one wagon, steadytwo cattle, yokeof old and several Catherine SagerPringle, “On the Plainsin 1844”“On the

. Soon afterstarting Indians raided ourcamp one . .Immigration themewinter,was the all and (ca. 1860)

6/7/18 2:54PM Elementary Teaching w/docs Lesson4.indd 68 Archives oftheWest, NewPerspectivesontheWest, PBS,www.pbs.org Source: CatherineSagerPringle,“On the Plains in 1844” inAcross thePlainsin1844, confinedme tothe wagonthe remainderof the long journey. same night to Laramie, where we arrived aftersoon dark. This accident surgeoncalled. A foundwas limb then set;pushed andthe we theon all pieces!”newsto soon The spreadhaltalong thetrainanda was limb hung danglingair.in the team. Hepicked up me and saw the extent the of injury when the injured passedand badly before over limb crushedmy fathercould stop the caught on an axle helve and I was thrown under the wagon wheel, which when in motion. When performing this feat that afternoon dress my Platte. We had by this time got usedclimbing to in and out of the wagon the occasion. greatlyinjuring our mother. Shelay long insensible inthetent put up for South Platteunwieldy the ran a and oxen on bank overturned wagon,the and thatarenot often shotby ordinary marksmen. Soon crossingafter shoulder his on the timid antelopehad fallenthat at unerring his aim, such sport. Henot onlykilled the greatbison, butoften broughthome drivehisteam and the start on hunt,forwas enthusiastiche hislove in of In brokena voicehe exclaimed: “Mydear child, your leg isbroken August wenoonedinabeautiful1st grove thenorth on of side the buffaloReaching the country, father our would getsomeone to 6/7/18 2:54PM © 2018 The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, New York. Westward Migration page 68. Name______Period______Date______

“On the Plains in 1844” Critical Thinking Questions

What were the Textual Evidence: greatest difficulties ______and dangers in making ______the journey?

Summary Sentence: ______

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What skills did a Textual Evidence: pioneer settler need to ______successfully make the journey? ______

Summary Sentence: ______

______

How did these Textual Evidence: pioneers help each other along the way?

Summary Sentence: ______

Elementary Teaching w/docs Lesson 4.indd 69 6/7/18 2:54 PM Elementary Teaching w/docs Lesson4.indd 70 Oh wife, Oh let’s don’t oh, stay go; us let For the stone keeps that rolling will gather moss no you’ll suffer farmand loss the no on stay Oh, you’ll scarcely beforesettled And get must die you Wherehorses, hogs sheep, and cattle, are buy to year a many labor of the you cost will Which husband, Oh remember clearis to land that summer yield winter consumes doth the the And all While here must I labor each day in the field die? I before that be may Some governor While who – and knows some I you but lady rich great there;be be long to to long I oh, I Oh, wife, Oh let’s don’t oh, wait go; us let For the stone keeps that rolling will gather moss no you’ll suffer farmand loss the no on stay Oh, your new And Sunday suit is now every on day Your sheepare disordered; run random they at You’ve cart your and plough, neglected oxen,your your Oh husband, I’ve noticed with sorrowful heart summer yield winter consumes doth the the And all While here must I labor in the each day field Todo folks other as fortune our double And away to Wisconsin, a journey we’d go Of leaving mycart my oxen, and my plough, heart true my hard,areSince times thought, so I’ve The Wisconsin EmigrantThe 6/7/18 2:54PM © 2018 The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, New York. Westward Migration page 70. Elementary Teaching w/docs Lesson4.indd 71

© 2018 The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, New York. Westward Migration page 71. For the For the stone keeps that rolling will gather moss no We’ll the farm, suffer and stayon loss no dear wife, aremy you, more But precious all than dear children, loveare my although they smallI before dying your of thought never had I Now wife, you’ve convinced me; argue I’ll more no For the stone keeps that rolling will gather moss no the farm, you’ll and Oh, stay on suffer loss no childrenyour murdered wife While lie your and around Your ground tothe burn and house willplunder they Is surrounded Indians by who murder night by husband, rememberOh delight of land that summer yield winter consumes doth the the And all While here must I labor each day in the field buffalofat we’ll on feast year And the of half Where horses, hogs and sheep, cattle, are dear not way the cleared is by farm that me a buy will I Source: TheBalladofAmerica, www.balladofamerica.com 6/7/18 2:54PM Elementary Teaching w/docs Lesson4.indd 72 mostcommon promise wasthe of something better Westout than they families to make journey? this There are many reasons. Among the resting place ofa pioneerdid not who survive the journey. mile length there would bea tombstone every eighty yards mark to the way. the gravesIfwere evenly spacedOregon along the Trail’s 2,000- five-to eight-month ordeal. One in every travelers died seventeen along 55,000 pioneers hazardous madethe crossing asingle in season. Oregon and California. Atthe peak this westwardof migration more than more than350,000 emigrants traveled on foot andbywagon to reach From the1841 until completion of transcontinentalthe railroad in 1869 Oregon.bound forMissouriand headedwest,pioneers left sixty-nine of across the MississippiRiver and everwestward. In 1841the first group Ocean, andAmericansagreement demonstratedtheir by migrating Destiny” to settle North America from Atlanticthe Ocean to the Pacific was opened.Fur trappers, traders, and finally settlersfollowed. and Clark Expedition reached Pacificthe Ocean andthe way to the West what Unitedthe Stateshad purchased. OnNovember7, 1805, Lewisthe Congress sent MeriwetherLewis and William Clark findto outjust exactly 885,000 square milesStates of territory Northin America for $15 million. On April30, 1803, Napoleon BonaparteFrance of sold United to the Why did the pioneers risk their own lives and the lives of theirof lives Why didthe pioneersand the lives risktheir own The 2,000-mile journey from toMissouri Oregon was a grueling President James Polk stated that it was America’s “Manifest The Great Western Migration 6/7/18 2:54PM © 2018 The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, New York. Westward Migration page 72. Elementary Teaching w/docs Lesson4.indd 73

© 2018 The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, New York. Westward Migration page 73. countrymen.” did notbelievethatsomethinglikethis is the prevailing tendency my of westward I go free. . Ishouldnotlaysomuchstress onthisfact,ifI 1862 Atlanticessay“Walking,” wrote, “Eastward I go only by force; but many others followed the reasoning Henryof David Thoreau who,inhis Lake valley Utah.of Adventurers, missionaries, land speculators, and practice theirreligion withoutfear of persecution and settled thein Salt Jesus Christof Latter-day IllinoisSaints, left in 1846 findto a placeto religious freedom. The Mormon pioneers, members ofChurchthe of come to the Atlantic shoresof America previousthe over two centuries: more 50,000 than deaths thein United States in 1850alone. cholera, which had arrived from Asia thein 1830s, and accounted for of the eastern United States. Perhaps the most devastating of allwas tuberculosis,scarletfever, yellow malaria,fever—swept and many parts ruined many farmers. In addition, several epidemics—typhoid, dysentery, East.series A of financial crises,the in first 1837, led to adepression and emigrate West the choosing to to try their luck. to California 1848created in in hugesurge peopleMill a number the of in worth the discovery goldrisks.The of Sutter’s at journey thatmade the you hadto dowas getthere It and claim yourwasthis prospectland. healthy babies.” currants, gooseberries, strawberries, apples, peaches, pears, or fatand beans, potatoes, turnips, cabbages, onions, parsnips, carrots, beets, cannotbe outdone whetherin wheat, oats, rye, barley, buckwheat, peas, reported that “asfaras itsproducing qualitiesare concerned Oregon virtuesthe time of Oregon extolled andCalifornia. One ofthese books could have Popularpublications in the East. guide and books of the Settlers emigrated to West the for the same reason thatmany had contributedtotheexodusfrom the factors other of number A Oregon seemed, from accounts, all to beparadise onEarth. All 6/7/18 2:54PM Elementary Teaching w/docs Lesson4.indd 74 ______Prepared response toQuestion#2: #2: Moderator Question ______Prepared response toQuestion#1: base youransweronevidencefrom thetexts.) What isthebestargument supportingyourviewonwesternmigration?(Makesure to #1: Moderator Question Name______Period______Prepared response toQuestion #3: #3: Moderator Question Debate Script Date______6/7/18 2:54PM © 2018 The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, New York. Westward Migration page 74.