Texts Checklist
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Alonso De Leon: Pathfinder in East Texas, 1686-1690
East Texas Historical Journal Volume 33 Issue 1 Article 6 3-1995 Alonso De Leon: Pathfinder in East exas,T 1686-1690 Donald E. Chipman Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ethj Part of the United States History Commons Tell us how this article helped you. Recommended Citation Chipman, Donald E. (1995) "Alonso De Leon: Pathfinder in East exas,T 1686-1690," East Texas Historical Journal: Vol. 33 : Iss. 1 , Article 6. Available at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ethj/vol33/iss1/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the History at SFA ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in East Texas Historical Journal by an authorized editor of SFA ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. EAST TEXAS HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION ALONSO DE LEON: PATHfl'INDER IN EAST TEXAS, 1686-1 . ;;; D. I by Donald E. ChIpman ~ ftIIlph W .; . .. 6' . .,)I~l,". • The 1680s were a time of cnSiS for the northern frontle ewSliJrSl1' .Ibrity ..:: (Colonial Mexico). In New Mexico the decade began with a ~e, coor- ~~ dinated revolt involving most of the Pueblo Indians. The Great Rev 2!!V Z~~\(, forced the Spanish to abandon a province held continuously since 1598,"~~':;:"-~ claimed more than 400 lives. Survivors, well over 2,000 of them. retreated down the Rio Grande to El Paso del Rio del Norte. transforming it overnight from a way station and missionary outpost along the road to New Mexico proper into a focus of empire. From El Paso the first European settlement within the present boundaries of Texas. -
Federal Research Division Country Profile: Bulgaria, October 2006
Library of Congress – Federal Research Division Country Profile: Bulgaria, October 2006 COUNTRY PROFILE: BULGARIA October 2006 COUNTRY Formal Name: Republic of Bulgaria (Republika Bŭlgariya). Short Form: Bulgaria. Term for Citizens(s): Bulgarian(s). Capital: Sofia. Click to Enlarge Image Other Major Cities (in order of population): Plovdiv, Varna, Burgas, Ruse, Stara Zagora, Pleven, and Sliven. Independence: Bulgaria recognizes its independence day as September 22, 1908, when the Kingdom of Bulgaria declared its independence from the Ottoman Empire. Public Holidays: Bulgaria celebrates the following national holidays: New Year’s (January 1); National Day (March 3); Orthodox Easter (variable date in April or early May); Labor Day (May 1); St. George’s Day or Army Day (May 6); Education Day (May 24); Unification Day (September 6); Independence Day (September 22); Leaders of the Bulgarian Revival Day (November 1); and Christmas (December 24–26). Flag: The flag of Bulgaria has three equal horizontal stripes of white (top), green, and red. Click to Enlarge Image HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Early Settlement and Empire: According to archaeologists, present-day Bulgaria first attracted human settlement as early as the Neolithic Age, about 5000 B.C. The first known civilization in the region was that of the Thracians, whose culture reached a peak in the sixth century B.C. Because of disunity, in the ensuing centuries Thracian territory was occupied successively by the Greeks, Persians, Macedonians, and Romans. A Thracian kingdom still existed under the Roman Empire until the first century A.D., when Thrace was incorporated into the empire, and Serditsa was established as a trading center on the site of the modern Bulgarian capital, Sofia. -
FULLTEXT01.Pdf
http://www.diva-portal.org This is the published version of a chapter published in Handbook of Pre-Modern Nordic Memory Studies: Interdisciplinary Approaches. Citation for the original published chapter: Williams, H. (2019) North American Perspectives: Suggested Runic Monuments In: Jürg Glauser, Pernille Hermann & Stephen A. Mitchell (ed.), Handbook of Pre- Modern Nordic Memory Studies: Interdisciplinary Approaches (pp. 876-884). Berlin/ Boston: Walter de Gruyter N.B. When citing this work, cite the original published chapter. Permanent link to this version: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-410929 Henrik Williams II: 62 North American Perspectives – Suggested Runic Monuments 1 Introduction The most renowned runestone in the world is not found in Denmark, Norway, or Sweden, the runic heartland with over 95% of all the inscriptions. The most famous (some would say infamous) runic monument is, in fact, the Kensing ton stone from western Minnesota (cf. Williams 2012) (see fig. 1). It was claimed to have been found in the roots of a tree by the SwedishAmerican farmer Olof Ohman (Swedish Öhman) in the fall of 1898. It soon made the news and became intensely discussed among scholars as well as laymen. Almost all of the former have consistently declared the inscription to be modern, whereas a substantial number of nonacademics implicitly believe that the monument is medieval. The inscription on the Kensington stone is quite sensational. It reads in translation: Eight Götalanders and 22 Northmen on (this?) exploration/acquisition journey from Vinland westwards(?): We had a camp by two huts(?) one day’s journey north from this stone. -
London and Middlesex in the 1660S Introduction: the Early Modern
London and Middlesex in the 1660s Introduction: The early modern metropolis first comes into sharp visual focus in the middle of the seventeenth century, for a number of reasons. Most obviously this is the period when Wenceslas Hollar was depicting the capital and its inhabitants, with views of Covent Garden, the Royal Exchange, London women, his great panoramic view from Milbank to Greenwich, and his vignettes of palaces and country-houses in the environs. His oblique birds-eye map- view of Drury Lane and Covent Garden around 1660 offers an extraordinary level of detail of the streetscape and architectural texture of the area, from great mansions to modest cottages, while the map of the burnt city he issued shortly after the Fire of 1666 preserves a record of the medieval street-plan, dotted with churches and public buildings, as well as giving a glimpse of the unburned areas.1 Although the Fire destroyed most of the historic core of London, the need to rebuild the burnt city generated numerous surveys, plans, and written accounts of individual properties, and stimulated the production of a new and large-scale map of the city in 1676.2 Late-seventeenth-century maps of London included more of the spreading suburbs, east and west, while outer Middlesex was covered in rather less detail by county maps such as that of 1667, published by Richard Blome [Fig. 5]. In addition to the visual representations of mid-seventeenth-century London, a wider range of documentary sources for the city and its people becomes available to the historian. -
Female Wits” Controversy: Gender, Genre, and Printed Plays, 1670–16991
Plotting the “Female Wits” Controversy: Gender, Genre, and Printed Plays, 1670–16991 Mattie Burkert Utah State University [email protected] At the end of the 1694–95 theatrical season, a group of actors defected from the United Company, housed at the Theatre Royal in Drury Lane, to begin their own cooperative. The split of London’s theatrical monopoly into two rival playhouses—Christopher Rich’s “Patent Company” at Drury Lane and Thomas Betterton’s “Actors’ Company” at Lincoln’s Inn Fields—generated demand for new plays that might help either house gain the advantage. This situation cre- ated opportunities for novice writers, including an unprecedented number of women. Paula Backscheider has calculated that more than one-third of the new plays in the 1695–96 season were written by, or adapted from work by, women, including Delarivier Manley, Catherine Trotter, and Mary Pix (1993, 71). This group quickly became the target of a satirical backstage drama, The Female Wits: or, the Triumvirate of Poets at Rehearsal, modeled after George Vil- liers’s 1671 sendup of John Dryden, The Rehearsal. The satire, which was likely performed at Drury Lane in fall 1696, was partially the Patent Company’s re- venge on Manley for withdrawing her play The Royal Mischief during rehearsals the previous spring and taking it to Betterton. However, The Female Wits was also a broader attack on the pretensions of women writers, whom it portrayed as frivolous, self-important upstarts reviving the overblown heroic tragedy of the 1660s and 1670s with an additional layer of feminine sentimentality.2 1 This research was made possible by a grant from the Andrew W. -
The Extent of Indigenous-Norse Contact and Trade Prior to Columbus Donald E
Oglethorpe Journal of Undergraduate Research Volume 6 | Issue 1 Article 3 August 2016 The Extent of Indigenous-Norse Contact and Trade Prior to Columbus Donald E. Warden Oglethorpe University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/ojur Part of the Canadian History Commons, European History Commons, Indigenous Studies Commons, Medieval History Commons, Medieval Studies Commons, and the Scandinavian Studies Commons Recommended Citation Warden, Donald E. (2016) "The Extent of Indigenous-Norse Contact and Trade Prior to Columbus," Oglethorpe Journal of Undergraduate Research: Vol. 6 : Iss. 1 , Article 3. Available at: https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/ojur/vol6/iss1/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Oglethorpe Journal of Undergraduate Research by an authorized editor of DigitalCommons@Kennesaw State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Extent of Indigenous-Norse Contact and Trade Prior to Columbus Cover Page Footnote I would like to thank my honors thesis committee: Dr. Michael Rulison, Dr. Kathleen Peters, and Dr. Nicholas Maher. I would also like to thank my friends and family who have supported me during my time at Oglethorpe. Moreover, I would like to thank my academic advisor, Dr. Karen Schmeichel, and the Director of the Honors Program, Dr. Sarah Terry. I could not have done any of this without you all. This article is available in Oglethorpe Journal of Undergraduate Research: https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/ojur/vol6/iss1/3 Warden: Indigenous-Norse Contact and Trade Part I: Piecing Together the Puzzle Recent discoveries utilizing satellite technology from Sarah Parcak; archaeological sites from the 1960s, ancient, fantastical Sagas, and centuries of scholars thereafter each paint a picture of Norse-Indigenous contact and relations in North America prior to the Columbian Exchange. -
(King Philip's War), 1675-1676 Dissertation Presented in Partial
Connecticut Unscathed: Victory in The Great Narragansett War (King Philip’s War), 1675-1676 Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Major Jason W. Warren, M.A. Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2011 Dissertation Committee: John F. Guilmartin Jr., Advisor Alan Gallay, Kristen Gremillion Peter Mansoor, Geoffrey Parker Copyright by Jason W. Warren 2011 Abstract King Philip’s War (1675-1676) was one of the bloodiest per capita in American history. Although hostile native groups damaged much of New England, Connecticut emerged unscathed from the conflict. Connecticut’s role has been obscured by historians’ focus on the disasters in the other colonies as well as a misplaced emphasis on “King Philip,” a chief sachem of the Wampanoag groups. Although Philip formed the initial hostile coalition and served as an important leader, he was later overshadowed by other sachems of stronger native groups such as the Narragansetts. Viewing the conflict through the lens of a ‘Great Narragansett War’ brings Connecticut’s role more clearly into focus, and indeed enables a more accurate narrative for the conflict. Connecticut achieved success where other colonies failed by establishing a policy of moderation towards the native groups living within its borders. This relationship set the stage for successful military operations. Local native groups, whether allied or neutral did not assist hostile Indians, denying them the critical intelligence necessary to coordinate attacks on Connecticut towns. The English colonists convinced allied Mohegan, Pequot, and Western Niantic warriors to support their military operations, giving Connecticut forces a decisive advantage in the field. -
Nicolas, Raretes Des Indes, 1670
* Louis Nicolas, . S.J. Les Raretés des Indes (Unique Features of the [West] Indies) ca. 1670 A selection of the 180 drawings of the inhabitants, flora, and fauna of New France (eastern Canada) created by Fr. Louis Nicolas, S.J., published as Codex canadiensis (Paris, 1930). Original drawings in the collections of the Gilcrease Museum, Tulsa, Oklahoma. Reproduced by permission of the Gilcrease Museum. * National Humanities Center, 2006: www.nhc.rtp.nc.us/pds/tblibrary.htm. Pages cropped as noted to maximize image size. Translation from the French by Dr. Sahar Amer, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; National Humanities Center Fellow, 2005-06. View all Nicolas drawings at Library and Archives Canada at www.collectionscanada.ca/codex/index-e.html. Louis Nicolas, Les Raretés des Indes (Unique Features of the [West] Indies), New France (eastern Canada), 1670s, p. 10 [blank portion at page bottom cropped] Sauuage de La Nation des onneiothehaga Indian of the Oneida Nation Il fume de tabac a Lh’onneur du soleil He smokes tobacco in honor of the sun qu’il adore comme son genie particulier whom he worships as his personal deity National Humanities Center. Reproduced by permission of the Gilcrease Museum, Tulsa, Oklahoma. 2 Louis Nicolas, Les Raretés des Indes (Unique Features of the [West] Indies), New France (eastern Canada), 1670s, p. 11 [blank portions at page top and bottom cropped] Cet Icy un depute du bourg de gannachiou avé (?) This is a deputy/representative of the village of pour Aller inviter au Jeu les Messieurs de ganda- Gannachiou to go and invite the men of Ganda- ouagoahga. -
Racializing American “Egyptians”: Shifting Legal Discourse, 1690S–1860S
Racializing American “Egyptians”: Shifting Legal Discourse, 1690s–1860s Ann Ostendorf [email protected] Professor of History, Gonzaga University ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9421-9385 Ann Ostendorf is an historian of colonial North America and the early United States and the author of Sounds American: National Identity and the Music Cultures of the Lower Mississippi River Valley, 1800–1860. Her recent work has been to investigate the lives of diverse Romani people who lived on the North American continent from the late seventeenth through early nineteenth centuries. She is especially interested in their experiences related to racial formation and the imperial and national state. Vol. 2. No. 2. 2019, 42-59 • DOI: 10.29098/crs.v2i2.50 Abstract Keywords This article situates the historical “Egyptian,” more commonly referred to as “Gypsy,” into the increasingly racist legal structures • Race formed in the British North American colonies and the early • Law United States, between the 1690s and 1860s. It simultaneously • Gypsy considers how those who considered themselves, or were • Egyptian considered by others, as “Egyptians” or “Gypsies” navigated life • United States history in the new realities created by such laws. Despite the limitations of state-produced sources from each era under study, inferences about these people’s experiences remain significant to building a more accurate and inclusive history of the United States. The following history narrates the lives of Joan Scott, her descendants, and other nineteenth-century Americans influenced by legal racial categories related to “Egyptians” and “Gypsies.” This is interwoven with the relevant historical contexts from American legal discourses that confirm the racialization of such categories over the centuries. -
Life in the Colonies
CHAPTER 4 Life in the Colonies 4.1 Introduction n 1723, a tired teenager stepped off a boat onto Philadelphia’s Market Street wharf. He was an odd-looking sight. Not having luggage, he had I stuffed his pockets with extra clothes. The young man followed a group of “clean dressed people” into a Quaker meeting house, where he soon fell asleep. The sleeping teenager with the lumpy clothes was Benjamin Franklin. Recently, he had run away from his brother James’s print shop in Boston. When he was 12, Franklin had signed a contract to work for his brother for nine years. But after enduring James’s nasty temper for five years, Franklin packed his pockets and left. In Philadelphia, Franklin quickly found work as a printer’s assistant. Within a few years, he had saved enough money to open his own print shop. His first success was a newspaper called the Pennsylvania Gazette. In 1732, readers of the Gazette saw an advertisement for Poor Richard’s Almanac. An almanac is a book, published annually, that contains information about weather predictions, the times of sunrises and sunsets, planting advice for farmers, and other useful subjects. According to the advertisement, Poor Richard’s Almanac was written by “Richard Saunders” and printed by “B. Franklin.” Nobody knew then that the author and printer were actually the same person. In addition to the usual information contained in almanacs, Franklin mixed in some proverbs, or wise sayings. Several of them are still remembered today. Here are three of the best- known: “A penny saved is a penny earned.” “Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.” “Fish and visitors smell in three days.” Poor Richard’s Almanac sold so well that Franklin was able to retire at age 42. -
21 Lc 44 1700S H. B. 647 (Sub)
21 LC 44 1700S House Bill 647 (COMMITTEE SUBSTITUTE) By: Representatives Smith of the 133rd, Smith of the 70th, Washburn of the 141st, Williams of the 145th, and Dickey of the 140th A BILL TO BE ENTITLED AN ACT 1 To amend Part 1 of Article 2 of Chapter 8 of Title 12 of the Official Code of Georgia 2 Annotated, relating to general provisions relative to solid waste management, so as to 3 provide for post-closure ground-water monitoring at closed coal combustion residual 4 impoundments; to provide for definitions; to provide for ground-water monitoring reports; 5 to amend Part 3 of Article 2 of Chapter 7 of Title 16 of the Official Code of Georgia 6 Annotated, relating to criminal trespass and damage to property relative to waste control, so 7 as to provide for a conforming cross-reference; to amend Part 1 of Article 3 of Chapter 8 of 8 Title 48 of the Official Code of Georgia Annotated, relating to county special purpose local 9 option sales tax, so as to provide for conforming cross-references; to provide for related 10 matters; to repeal conflicting laws; and for other purposes. 11 BE IT ENACTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF GEORGIA: 12 SECTION 1. 13 Part 1 of Article 2 of Chapter 8 of Title 12 of the Official Code of Georgia Annotated, 14 relating to general provisions relative to solid waste management, is amended in Code 15 Section 12-8-22, relating to definitions, by adding new paragraphs and renumbering existing 16 paragraphs to read as follows: H. -
Leisure Activities in the Colonial Era
PUBLISHED BY THE PAUL REVERE MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION SPRING 2016 ISSUE NO. 122 Leisure Activities in The Colonial Era BY LINDSAY FORECAST daily tasks. “Girls were typically trained in the domestic arts by their mothers. At an early age they might mimic the house- The amount of time devoted to leisure, whether defined as keeping chores of their mothers and older sisters until they recreation, sport, or play, depends on the time available after were permitted to participate actively.” productive work is completed and the value placed on such pursuits at any given moment in time. There is no doubt that from the late 1600s to the mid-1850s, less time was devoted to pure leisure than today. The reasons for this are many – from the length of each day, the time needed for both routine and complex tasks, and religious beliefs about keeping busy with useful work. There is evidence that men, women, and children did pursue leisure activities when they had the chance, but there was just less time available. Toys and descriptions of children’s games survive as does information about card games, dancing, and festivals. Depending on the social standing of the individual and where they lived, what leisure people had was spent in different ways. Activities ranged from the traditional sewing and cooking, to community wide events like house- and barn-raisings. Men had a few more opportunities for what we might call leisure activities but even these were tied closely to home and business. Men in particular might spend time in taverns, where they could catch up on the latest news and, in the 1760s and 1770s, get involved in politics.