International Waterlily & Water Gardening Society

International Waterlily & Water Gardening Society Water Garden Journal Volume 19, No. 1 Spring 2004 Water Garden Journal

Volume 19, Number 1 Spring 2004

The Official Publication of the INTERNATIONAL WATERLILY AND WATER GARDENING SOCIETY www.iwgs.org

EDITOR OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY James Allison PRESIDENT Wayne Davis VICE PRES. Tom Tilley EDITORIAL BOARD TREASURER Tish Folsom Paula Biles SECRETARY Robert (Bob) Burns Roseanne Conrad EXEC. DIR. Paula Biles Barre Hellquist BOARD OF DIRECTORS 2003-2004 Walter Pagels Robert Burns Barre Hellquist Betsy Sakata Rowena Burns Brad McLane DISTRIBUTION Roseanne Conrad Rolf Nelson Susan Davis Jim Purcell Paula Biles Wayne Davis Sue Speichert LAYOUT/DESIGN Tish Folsom Tom Tilley Cathy Green Charles Thomas Sue Speichert (ex-officio)

Address Administr ative and EDITORIAL ADDRESS Subscription Enquiries to FOR THE NEXT ISSUE ONLY, 6828 26th St W PLEASE SEND ITEMS VIA THE Bradenton, FL 34207 USA ADMINISTRATIVE ADDRESS (Left) Voice & Fax 941-756-0880 E-MAIL [email protected] Email [email protected]

MISSION STATEMENT Th e International Waterlily and Water Gardening Society (IWGS), is a non-proﬁ t organization of multi-national membership dedicated to the furtherance of all aspects of water gardening and their associated plants. As an organization we support and promote education, research, and conservation in these areas.

Volume 19, Number 1. The IWGS Water Garden Journal (ISSN 1069-5982) is published quarterly by The Interna- tional Waterlily and Water Gardening Society (The Society), 6828 26th St W, Bradenton, FL 34207, U.S.A. Voice & Fax 941-756-0880, Email [email protected] All rights reserved. © 2004. Bulk rate postage paid at Bradenton FL, USA and additional mailing offices. Basic subscription/ membership rate for one full year is $30. Further details and back issues are available from the administrative office in FL or from the website www.iwgs.org. All changes of address and incidents of non-arrival of journals should be notified to the office in FL. Opinions expressed by authors and any products reviewed are not specifically endorsed by The Society, nor does The Society accept any liability arising from the contents of this journal.

2 Th e Water Garden Journal Spring 2004 Table of Contents

Volume 19, Number 1 Spring 2004

Feature Articles 10 Toronto 2004 – It’s Worth the Wait Details of our upcoming Symposium

14 Denver’s Lily of the Lake from Joe Tomocik and Trey Styler

16 A Visit to Th ailand by Cathy Green

22 Bog Gravel Filtration – Th e Power of Plants by Anita Nelson

27 Th e Long and Short of It – Complementary Planting by Anita Nelson

34 Patently Confusing by James Allison with Perry Slocum

41 Waterlilies and Beetles from an article by Finn Ervik and Jette Knudsen

42 Tales from the Lotus Trail (Part 3) by Grant Mitchell

45 Book Review: Encyclopedia of Water Garden Plants by James Allison

Departments 4 From Your President 8 News Snippets 5 From Your Editor 33 Committee News

6 News and Updates 44 Alien Invaders

7, 9 Members in the News 46 Commercial Members &15

On the Cover Nymphaea ‘Denver’s Delight’, artwork by Susan Fisher See the article ‘Denver’s Lily of the Lake’ on page 14

Th e Water Garden Journal Spring 2004 3 From the President

s we look optimistically toward the University’s Herbarium where our speci- Aspring and the start of a new growing mens will be housed. season, we also, as an organization, have much reason to be optimistic about the fu- Another important initiative is the Interna- ture. Since assuming my position last sum- tional Waterlily Preservation Repository in mer, I’ve worked with our board of directors San Angelo, Texas. This project, headed by towards our immediate goal of bringing our Ken Landon, is receiving specimen plants and members together to advance the aims and seeds from around the world on a regular ba- ambitions of this society. A number of key sis. The City of San Angelo recently received people have returned to our board, and to a substantial federal grant and $150,000 is serve on important committees, and new ones earmarked to build more ponds and research have also joined to help. We look forward to facilities for this collection. In a matter of just even greater participation from our member- a few months this project is at full speed. ship at large. Our symposium committee has been hard Before going any further, we want to ac- at work putting together an exciting pro- knowledge with grateful appreciation the gramme for Toronto this summer. We expect outstanding job done by our editor, James a record attendance this year and look for- Allison. James assumed this position back ward to meeting friends we haven’t seen for in 1996 under less than ideal conditions and a few years. Hopefully, you are making plans has restored the journal to its present state. to participate. A schedule of events is listed Soliciting articles, dealing with contributors in this journal and details will be made avail- from around the world, and trying to meet able on the website and in a brochure. deadlines, is quite a chore and James has done a magnificent job. His contributions Again this year we are a sponsoring organi- to our industry and hobby, both through his zation for National Water Gardening Month work with our journal, in writing, and in his in the USA. This program started last year extensive knowledge, willingly shared, is ap- and was very successful. We are hopeful of preciated by all who have had the privilege support for this project from our commercial to work with him. He is exceedingly profes- members and we will be sending informa- sional in all that he does. Thank you, James. tion concerning this when final details are (Our task force has been working at locating received. a new editor and publisher and they will announce this shortly.) Once again, we ask you to volunteer for one of the many tasks ahead of us. Volunteers are We are now well established with our registra- always required, and we hope that you will tion program at the University of Connecti- share your special skills on one of our com- cut. This is conducted by our registrar An- mittees. drew Doran and supervised by Dr. Don Les who two years ago was elected to our Hall of Happy Pondering and Early Spring, Fame. We now have use of the BG-Base soft- ware (a database designed to manage biologi- W. Wayne Davis, Jr. - President cal information in collections) and space in [email protected]

4 Th e Water Garden Journal Spring 2004 From the Editor

nce again, I hope that there whilst the journal has been in my hands. Bet- Ois something to interest everyone in sy Sakata and Paula Biles for their encourag- this issue. We have articles and news from ment as assistant editors; and Walter Pagels around the world, some technical and some and Barre Hellquist for their supportive re- more trivial. As a very diverse group we have views, helping to check the accuracy of our equally diverse interests, but through it all, feature articles and suggesting useful supple- that common watery thread persists. mentary information. Many others have been involved over the years, writing articles, sup- It has been a privilege to work alongside so plying photos, helping with layout, printing, many gifted contributors over my years as ed- packing and posting, many thanks again. It itor. Our membership collectively holds one is also good to see new faces on the team. of the largest repositories of knowledge on aquatics in the world. It is great to transfer It really was time for a change and I hope some of that knowledge whilst networking at to free up some space for writing and other symposia, but it would be really appreciated aquatic work. I look forward to bumping into by all of us, if just some of that knowledge many of you at future symposia, no doubt in made its way onto paper. Please do help our the mad rush to investigate some intriguing next Journal editor by passing on some of new plant specimen. your hard-earned tips and knowledge so that we can all benefit from your experience. Best Wishes,

The journal could not reach you without James Allison - Editor others’ input and I have been blessed with a [email protected] great team. I am very grateful to the edito- (Please continue to send editorial items to rial board for all their personal help to me [email protected])

20 Years On Stop Press he “National Water Lily Society” ur apologies for the late arrival of Twas offi cially announced on the 22nd Sep- Oyour journal which has been held up due to tember 1984. It grew from an idea promoted by unforseen complications in our changeover to new Charles Th omas of Lilypons. Within a short while layout design & printing. it became the International Water Lily Society, and is now the International Waterlily and Water Both the Annual Waterlily Competition and the Gardening Society. We shall be celebrating this sig- opportunity to ‘Name a New Nymphaea’ (pages nifi cant milestone in various ways over the coming 6 & 7) were publicised on the Society website. A months - keep an eye open for more details to be number of tropical and hardy lilies have been re- notifi ed shortly. ceived for the competition. However, the bids for naming the new Nymphaea did not meet expecta- tion, and the lily will now be held in reserve.

Th e Water Garden Journal Spring 2004 5 News & Updates

Opportunity to Name a (named for his mother), N. ‘Rhonda Kay’ New Nymphaea Hybrid (named for his two sisters), and N. ‘Texas he IWGS is pleased to announce its Dawn’, highly rated as one of the best yellow T second annual special fundraiser – the lilies. right to name a new waterlily hybrid. Naming rights for this autumn- colored tropical Nym- The soft-spoken and very modest Landon phaea (see our back cover) will be auctioned, makes good use of the impressive collection thanks to the generosity of a Society member. of waterlilies at San Angelo’s Civic League The winning bidder will name this beauti- Park as ingredients for his hybridization ef- ful waterlily and receive one of the plants. As forts. He works to create new color combina- the International Registrar of Nymphaea, the tions and improved characteristics and this IWGS will register the chosen name to make auction lily is a perfect example. After in- it official for posterity and for use when the tense flower color, the two most highly desir- hybrid enters the trade. able waterlily traits are compact growth and very mottled leaves. Landon was able to de- This beautiful cultivar is as colorful and velop these attributes in an enhancement of multifaceted as its creator, waterlily spe- the popular N. ‘Albert Greenberg’. The result cialist Kenneth Landon. Landon has also is the 2004 waterlily, which has a full-sized formulated special waterlily fertilizers, and sunset-colored bloom on a compact plant, is a pyrotechnics wizard who designs and with highly mottled leaves. Now an adored produces some of the finest fireworks dis- lily has been made even better. plays in Texas. He also produced the fireworks used at Ronald Reagan’s presidential Ever since Monet’s time, waterlilies have inauguration. Several of Landon’s hybrids been hybridized. Even then the hybridizers have become very popular, including Nym- named certain cultivars to honor loved ones, phaea ‘Jennifer Rebecca’, N. ‘Ineta Ruth’ others to immortalize themselves, and yet others to revere their friends. In many cases The new waterlily these eponymous hybrids are still popular after a century and a half. Browsing through waterlily catalogs brings the viewer face to face with unseen individuals who somehow shaped the water garden world and continue to live on in its beauty – Trudy Slocum, Tina, and Director George T. Moore.

Naming this waterlily is a wonderful way to recognize a family member, friend, home- town, or to get some unique publicity for your business, all while supporting the IWGS. (Check with your accountant regarding tax deductibility within the USA.) The revenue generated will help the Society continue its work of research, education, and conservation of aquatic plants.

6 Th e Water Garden Journal Spring 2004 The bidding will begin at the end of April and www.nelsonwatergardens.com. Hardy water close on May 5th, 2004. Details and more lilies should be sent to Green and Hagstrom, information about the waterlily and the hy- attention Cathy Green. Again, all contact in- bridizer will be available on the IWGS web- formation is on their website: www.green- site, www.iwgs.org. If you have any questions andhagstrom.com. email [email protected] or call 941-756-0880. Rich Sacher at American Aquatic Gardens is IWGS Annual Waterlily supervising the competition. His e-mail ad- Competition dress is [email protected]. s noted in our last issue, this A competition will be run on slightly dif- Nymphaea Registration ferent lines in future. Those interested in en- ur registrar Andrew Doran notes tering waterlilies for this year’s competition Othat the Register of Nymphaea can now be must contact the growing sites directly for browsed on the web. Further details and updates to details before sending lilies. The dates for the website are still in progress, but when complete submitting lilies for trials are from 1st April it will be possible to link right through to herbar- to the final deadline of 1st May 2004. ium specimen details or pictures, and also to pass back comments on the information. Registration Tropical water lilies should be sent to Nelson application forms can also be downloaded from Water Gardens, attention Rolf Nelson. Their here. http://collections2.eeb.uconn.edu/collections/ address and email info is on their website: herbarium/reghome.html

Members in the News Ken Landon all of Fame member Ken Landon, Hwho also heads up our International Water- lily Preservation Repository, has had some in depth coverage in the San Angelo Standard Times. He has been the driving force behind the waterlily display in San Angelo’s Civic League Park since its incep- tion over ﬁ fteen years ago.

Th is acclaimed collection of waterlilies focuses pri- marily on waterlily species, though it also includes many hybrids. Ken Landon will no doubt be delighted that this world-class collection has received See the original articles for full details: the funding requested from the U.S. Senate. Th is http://web.gosanangelo.com/archive/03/decem- will permit further ponds to be built, allowing a ber/8/20031208000.html and greater variety of lilies to be displayed at any one http://web.gosanangelo.com/archive/04/janu- time. ary/30/20040130000.html

Th e Water Garden Journal Spring 2004 7 News Snippets

French Waterlily Barley Straw Catalogue given the OK he Victoria-Adventure Website e recently reported that un- T (which can be reached directly through W der new legislation, the EU might the IWGS site), continues to add to its im- ban barley straw as an algae control agent. pressive array of water gardening materials. It had been thought that every one of bar- A recent addition is a complete copy of the ley straw’s breakdown products might need 1912 Lagrange Catalogue. Antoine Lagrange to be tested and approved. Fortunately, fol- and his family ran a water gardening business lowing representation, this threat was lifted in France that competed with the famous after researchers assured that there was just Marliac nursery, and the catalogue gives one principle active agent released on break- descriptions of a wide number of waterlily down, hydrogen peroxide. cultivars and other aquatics available at the time. (http://www.victoria-adventure.org/ Fish Virus Concerns water_gardening/history/lagrange_1912/in- here continue to be worries over dex.html) T the impact of two viral diseases of fish, SVC (Spring Viraemia of Carp) and KHV (Koi Herpes Virus), both reported on in re- Heat from Flower Power cent issues of this journal. KHV has now cience Magazine carried a detailed been found in many countries, with recent S article on the production of heat by cer- reports from China, Taiwan and South Afri- tain plants, and their ability to maintain ca. In Japan, KHV is reported as found in 23 temperatures considerably higher than their of Japan’s 47 prefectures. Newspaper Asahi surrounds. The heat is generally thought to Shimbun reports that four prefectures plan help attract pollinating insects, also drawn to destroy all farmed carp (black koi used for in by the strong aromas that can be released food) in an attempt to clear the virus. as the plant warms. Many arums fall into this category, but Nelumbo nucifera has also been So far the virus, which can kill over 80% of shown to maintain its flowers up to 26°C affected fish, has only been confirmed on one warmer than its surrounds. The complete ornamental koi farm in Japan and producers article can be found at http://www.science- have started testing stocks to maintain con- news.org/articles/20031213/toc.asp. fidence and to ensure that any outbreaks are dealt with. A meeting in Japan in late Feb- Similar research confirms this heat produc- ruary confirmed that 153 ornamental koi tion (thermogenesis) in plants such as Vic- farms/businesses are being tested for KHV toria and Nelumbo (‘Hot Sex in Water Lilies’ (by PCR), and of the 104 results received so Water Garden Journal Vol VI(4): 41-51; and far, all have been negative. ‘A Hunka, Hunka, Burnin’ Buds’ Discover magazine, Vol.18, Feb 1997, p 12). See also A workshop was held in Florida in October the article on waterlilies and beetles on page 2003 to discuss the impact of these emerging 31 of this issue. diseases in the USA, two of the handouts are

8 Th e Water Garden Journal Spring 2004 linked below. In mid-February a UK govern- ment department (DEFRA) hosted a work- Sources shop with 45 scientific and industry represen- tatives from eight countries to discuss KHV. SVC Handouts and Information Sheet (USA) The report has yet to appear in full, but one http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/VM106 http://www.aphis. major recommendation was that imported koi usda.gov/vs/ceah/cei/sv_us0702.htm and other varieties of carp (Cyprinus carpio) should be held for an absolute minimum of http://www.aphis.usda.gov/lpa/pubs/fsheet_faq_ 14 days at 23°C before being moved on. Test- notice/fs_ahcarp.html ing should be used to determine the status of suppliers, either by use of PCR (which tests Asian Fisheries Society, Jan/Feb Fish Health News- for the virus or parts of destroyed virus, and letter http://afs-fhs.seafdec.org.ph is more effective on fish displaying symp- toms) or ELISA (which tests whether the fish New self-auditing organisation for koi health has been exposed to KHV in the past). How- http://www.koibiosecurity.org ever, no system can give absolute assurance that any source is clear of KHV. Weblinks are also repeated in the journal section on the IWGS website at www.iwgs.org Anecdotal reports of increased survival of affected koi if kept at very high temperatures, should be tempered with the fact that any survivors are likely to be carriers of the disease.

Members in the News

Walter Pagels and the librarian, he oversees a wide array of reference IWGS library books and specialist articles. Photocopies can be n informative article on the many made for a nominal fee, and for the first time, Atalents of Walter Pagels appears on Kit and the list of available articles is now available on Ben Knott’s Victoria-Adventure website. the web.

Walter was the first President of our Society Follow the links through from the IWGS web- when it was founded in 1984, and he has ex- site or go to: http://www.victoria-adventure. celled in collecting and disseminating plants org/more_than_links_images/walter_pagels/ and information on water gardening. As IWGS walter_pagels_profile1.html

Th e Water Garden Journal Spring 2004 9 Toronto 2004

It’s Worth the Wait A large number of our members live within anada is renown for its diversity, 400 miles of Toronto. They may have already C so it is very fitting that our multi-talent- seen the sights and want to conserve their ed international Society’s 2004 Symposium is pocketbooks. (The Canadian exchange rate in one of the world’s most multicultural cit- is very favorable for Europeans and Ameri- ies. In this 20th anniversary year we’re excit- cans). Therefore we have scheduled all our ed about celebrating the variety and strength seminars on a single day (Saturday, July 24) of our membership – people and businesses at the Toronto Botanical Garden and are from all aspects of the water gardening field offering a one-day rate. That rate will also and all regions of the world. We look for- include our world famous auction and hope- ward to visiting Toronto and other areas of fully an aquatic plant sale as well. Ontario. For those who would like to make our Sym- Many members were disappointed that we posium the center of a longer vacation, our had to skip last year’s Symposium. They’re local committee (the Ontario Water Garden long overdue for catching up on the latest Society) is putting together a directory of news from IWGS friends. With this in mind other places that you may want to visit. We’ll and after reading survey comments from be mailing a copy of it along with registration members about their favorite things about confirmations, to help with your travel plans. the Society, we’re allowing plenty of time for In addition, the special hotel rate is good for socializing. “The best part of the IWGS is the five days before and after the Symposium. networking – sharing of techniques/news/advice from others around the world – many of The host hotel, Inn on the Park, is surrounded whom are now friends. Symposia have played by parkland and close to the Toronto Botani- a vital part in this.” In fact we’re starting off cal Garden, the site for Saturday’s seminars. the Symposium with a welcome reception on It is known for fine service, more like a re- Wednesday evening. Food and friends, what sort, and even includes complimentary child a great way to set the stage after being “off” day care. Our special rate is $135 CAN. for a year.

Main Symposium Post Symposium Host Hotel Inn on the Park Registration Includes tours, some breakfasts Special rate is $135 CAN for five Includes opening reception, & lunches, workshops, and BBQ days before and after Symposium. breakfasts (Thu-Sat), tours, dinner Deadline 6/20 for special rate. lunches (Thu-Sat), dinners (Wed- $175 US (by 6/20) Hotel email [email protected] Fri), and seminars (Sat) $235 US (after 6/20) Hotel phone 877-644-4687 $375 US (by 6/20) Mention “Waterlily” to receive the $475 US (after 6/20) Seminars only IWGS discount. Hotel website: Banquet Only Includes continental breakfast, www.innontheparktoronto.com $65 US (by 6/20) lunch, all sessions, and auction/ – use their online discount rate. $85 US (after 6/20) sale $90 US (by 6/20)* These rates are for members. Late registration on-site $110 US (after 6/20)* To become a member contact for seminars only $145 US *Special discount for Affiliated [email protected] or 941/756-0880, Society members: 1 free with 6 or add $30 US each. paid

10 Th e Water Garden Journal Spring 2004 Symposium Schedule

Wednesday, July 21 Saturday, July 24 Registration will be in the afternoon, fol- Our education day is at nearby Toronto Bo- lowed by a welcome reception, complete with tanical Garden, also home to the city’s larg- the fine food for which Inn on the Park is est horticultural library. The day will start known. For people arriving earlier in the day, with registration for the folks just joining us. there will be a hospitality suite to meet oth- In addition to the seminars and panel dis- ers. Attendees can also drop in on the Board cussions, aquatic related materials will be of- meeting, which will begin in the morning. fered for auction and sale, from classic books to jewelry to artwork. We also hope to have Thursday, July 22 aquatic plants for sale, complete with an in- We will travel to Niagara Parks Botanical spector providing necessary paperwork for Garden & School of Horticulture. We’ll have international travelers. The annual general garden tours, lunch, learn about the horti- meeting will be held on Saturday. Dinner cultural programs from the students, and will be on your own with IWGS friends. visit the Butterfly Conservatory. Then it’s on to Niagara Falls, with free time to explore. Folks can visit local attractions and the more Saturday Seminars adventuresome can take a boat ride or go behind the Falls. Dinner and socializing will New Raves and Old Faves: Aquatic Plants be at the Park Superintendent’s home. We’ll Greg Speichert (he’ll also sign his new book, have at least two special visitors, Wolfgang see the review in this journal) Oehme (co-author of Gardening With Water) and Allan Armitage (horticultural professor Planning Choices in Water Garden Design and prolific award winning author). After Cla Algood (Wakoola Water Gardens) dinner we’ll have our informal “Shirt Sleeve Sessions” where folks brainstorm projects for Favorite Plants for Filtration the coming year. (This is the perfect time to Kelly Billing (Maryland Aquatic Nurseries) get involved with a small task or a big respon- & Anita Nelson (Nelson Water Gardens) sibility.) Aquatic Plant Cook-In The early birds will return to Toronto. Those Cathy Wilkinson Barash (Pres., Garden who want to see the spectacular view of lights Writers Association) on the Falls will wait until after dark to head back. It will make for a long day, but well Panel Discussions worth it. Water Quality: Getting and Keeping It Friday, July 23 James Allison (Aquapic Solutions, England), Deb Spencer (Water’s Edge, KS), & At the Royal Botanical Gardens in Hamilton Gary Jones (Aquarium Pharmaceuticals, PA) we will see the continent’s largest wetland restoration project. We’re working on arrang- Plants for Unusual & Difficult Situations ing a behind the scenes tour of their aquatic Keith Folsom (Springdale Water Gardens, VA) nursery and visit the Fishway (a two-way fish and two other experts path with a carp barrier). After lunch we will return to the hotel for the Banquet.

Th e Water Garden Journal Spring 2004 11 Post Symposium

Sunday, July 25 Tuesday, July 27 Burns Water Gardens in Baltimore, Ontar- Leaving the hotel, we have plans to visit an io, will be the location for most of the day’s aquatic research facility and/or a picture events. They include lunch and a round robin perfect garden with ponds, an aquatic plant of demonstrations on aquatic propagation, grower, and a retail center. The final itiner- just the thing to learn new tips and tech- ary will be confirmed in the registration bro- niques. We’ll then head to the private gar- chure. Attendees will then be dropped off at dens of a professional photographer to view an airport hotel. They can fly out that eve- his water gardens and koi pond (indoors and ning or stay on to see more of Canada. outside). After an informal barbecue we’ll head back to Toronto. MISCELLANEOUS A Registration Brochure with complete de- Monday, July 26 tails will be mailed to all members shortly. After checking out of the hotel, we will visit Information will also be posted on www. Moore Water Gardens in Port Stanley for iwgs.org. lunch. Afterwards there will be some free time at the beach for shopping, relaxation, Volunteer! and swimming. Following dinner on your Please contact the office if you would like own, there will be a short drive to a hotel in to volunteer during the Symposium, share a London. (Of course folks will stay up ‘til the room, or be a sponsor. This is a major Soci- wee hours, sharing their favorite tips to get ety fundraiser, so we gladly accept items for the best blooms on Nymphaea.) the auction, products for attendee handouts, cash donations, and event sponsorships. In addition, this year we plan to obtain sponsorships for aquatic studies students to attend the Saturday Seminars.

Silent Auction

n addition to the Great Pond Stuff This year our auction includes two stunning IAuction items we will be holding our usu- oil paintings by celebrated Colorado artist al silent auction of rare and unusual books, N. Ross Hutchins and represents an excep- prints, plants and aquatic memorabilia tional opportunity to own one of only a few which help to fund other important IWGS remaining limited-edition oils. work. We also have some great T-shirts on offer with a detailed aquatic scene. Lotus (44”w x 22”h) Deep shades of indigo contrast with the pristine elegance of delicate lotuses. Lilies (30”w x 36”h) A brilliant profusion of flowers in shimmer- ing shades of golden orange against deep violet blues.

12 Th e Water Garden Journal Spring 2004 Great Pond Stuff Auction

he IWGS is having an exceptional Americo -- Filter Media Tsummer fundraiser. Th anks to the generosity Aquarium Pharma. -- Water Treatment Products of industry businesses, the pond products listed be- Aquascape Designs -- HD Wide-Screen TV low will be up for bid and all proceeds from these Coastal Pond -- Gift Certifi cates particular items will go to applied aquatic research Doc Johnson -- 25 Autographed Koi Health Books and a new student scholarship fund. Th is is a win- Firestone – 20’x100’ PondGard EPDM liner win-win situation: the industry benefi ts from the FL Aquatic Nurseries -- Aquatic Plants research, the bidders get good deals, and the IWGS Green & Hagstrom -- Fertilizer achieves its mission of aquatic education and re- Rolf C. Hagen / Laguna -- Pumps search. Jim’s Water Gardening -- Gift Certifi cates Maryland Aquatic Nursery -- Floating Islands Th ese generous participants each donated items Mid-Lakes / Loki Nets -- Pond & Koi Nets with a retail value of over $1000, and the items Nelson Water Gardens -- Gift Certifi cates include free shipping to winners in the US or Can- Nursery Pro -- Fish Retailing & Quarantine System ada. (Arrangements can be made for any additional Nursery Pro Canada -- Pressurized Filters shipping costs to other countries). Patio Garden Ponds -- MultiFilter II & Liner Repair Kits Our website www.iwgs.org will shortly carry details Pondkeeper Magazine -- Full Page, 4-color Ad about each item plus procedures for registering and Savio – 1500-gal Pond Kit bidding. Proxy bids (via fax or Internet) will be ac- Springdale Water Gardens -- Back-Up Bacteria cepted from those who cannot attend the IWGS Tetra -- Fish Food Symposium in Toronto, where the auction will be held on July 24. Internet bids will be accepted from 1st to 16th July and bids will be kept in reserve, so if no one bids higher on-site, a pre-bidder could Th ank you to all the generous companies who sup- still win the item even though they are not pres- port the IWGS Great Pond Stuff Auction and to ent. Th e HD wide-screen TV will be sold by raffl e the fundraising coordinator who made it possible, ticket at $10 each with 100 tickets to be sold online Steve Stroupe. You too can help by being generous before July 16 and 100 to be sold in Toronto. Th e with your bids. Please call or click for info about odds of winning will be 1 in 200 (or better if all the IWGS and auction details -- [email protected] or tickets aren’t sold). 941-756-0880.

SILENT AUCTION, cont. About the Artist N. Ross Hutchins paintings are currently held in nu- These distinctive oil paintings are presented merous private and corporate collections, and he is a as a flat canvas, ready to be framed. The past member of the board of directors of two distin- richly painted, double-primed canvas can guished American art museums. Ross is well-known either be dry-mounted or stretched on a for his small, exclusive limited editions, and collec- frame prior to adding a traditional framing, tors rest assured that once an edition has sold out, no or hung very inexpensively. other originals or prints can be made.

Th e Water Garden Journal Spring 2004 13 From Joe Tomocik & Denver’s Lily of the Lake Trey Styler

uniform, stable, and unique. But the en- chanting ‘Lily of the Lake’ arrived from quite a different source.

In 1995, Joe Tomocik took a trip over to northwest Denver’s Berkeley Lake. For a number of years, members of the Colorado Water Garden Society had suggested to him that he might want to go and examine a very special waterlily gracing the lake’s west bank. Locals recall seeing this delicate jewel as long as 30 years ago, perhaps having been introduced by one of the local residents. To Mr. Tomocik’s delight, he discovered a population of hybrid waterlilies in shades of ranging from pure white to blazing fuchsia. This beautiful lily had survived despite hungry Canadian geese, frozen lake conditions, curious and neophyte collectors, and wading dogs and children.

ne of the Denver Botanic Having never seen a group like it, Mr. To- mocik brought cuttings back and introduced Gardens (DBG) most significant them to the Gardens’ pools in 1996. Today, collections is their waterlilies, O this unnamed lily graces every pool at Den- which comprise one of the largest cultivated ver Botanic Gardens, presenting not only a collections of the genus in the world. DBG winsome beauty but also the ability to thrive along with the Colorado Water Gardening in all conditions. The waterlily has also been Society (founded in 1983 and now with over recently introduced to the City Park Lake. 300 members) has hosted IWGS/IWLS Sym- posia in both 1987 and 1997. Joe Tomocik is the Aquatic Plants Curator with over twenty In the meantime, northwest Denver’s sus- years of experience at the Gardens, and he pended gem remained unnamed. Its white-to- works closely with prominent national and pink-to-fuchsia colored blooms rest on bright international hybridizers in evaluating and green leaves, each a small suspended jewel. introducing new hybrids. DBG usually car- Mr. Tomocik stated, “It is certainly one of ries out trial and assessment of lilies sent in, the most promising waterlilies I have seen in including the essential criteria of being my twenty years at the Gardens.”

14 Th e Water Garden Journal Spring 2004 It was with great pleasure that DBG offered energy, and skills in collecting and prepar- one special patron the right to name this re- ing the herbarium specimens to be used in cently discovered marvel. Though the hybrid- registering the plant. The IWGS Nymphaea izer names most lilies, the ‘Lily of the Lake’ Registrar Andrew Doran will oversee the reg- was an exception. So at the 2001 Fête-des- istration. Fleurs, as part of the celebration of the 50th Anniversary of Denver Botanic Gardens, the Susan Fisher, of the School of Botanical Il- privilege of naming this new waterlily culti- lustration at DBG, has created an outstand- var was awarded to Carol Purdy, in recogni- ing scientific and artistic botanical illustration of her generous contribution to Denver tion [on our cover]. Archival giclée print Botanic Gardens, and her many other efforts reproductions of the illustration are to be on behalf of the Gardens. included as part of the Registration Voucher, maintained both by the IWGS (at the Torrey Carol Purdy selected a specific pink culti- Herbarium at the University of Connecticut) var from the Berkeley Lake collection, which and here at DBG in the Kathryn Kalmbach she has named Nymphaea ‘Denver’s Delight’. Herbarium. That same cultivar was sent to Florida Aquat- ic Nurseries for propagation and a limited At Denver Botanic Gardens, N. ‘Denver’s number of plants will be available over the Delight’ has continued to show exceptional next year or two. vigor, being one of the first waterlilies to es- tablish itself in spring. It flowers consistent- Nancy Styler, along with DBG’s Horticul- ly, is a medium/large plant and has exhibited tural Interns and staff, donated their time, an ability to naturalize. Members in the News

Dr. Donald Les The Styler family Don Les has recently completed ‘Th e Biology of Trey, Nancy and Will Styler, are all involved with Aquatic Plants’ a translation of Heinrich Schenck’s the IWGS Victoria Conservancy. Th ey appeared 1886 original, considered a classic in its ﬁ eld. Th e in an HGTV broadcast during January, speaking book is available from www.koeltz.com. about their cultivation of the Victoria waterlily as part of a programme on giant plants. Th e link to the HGTV web article:http://hgtv.com/hgtv/ gl_plants_other/article/0,1785,HGTV_3609_ 2480349,00.html

Th e Water Garden Journal Spring 2004 15 By Cathy Green Visit to Thailand Photos by Jack Green

n the summer of 2003 the Thai- international representative from the IWGS I land Agricultural Science Foundation, the would benefit the profile of the seminar. The National Research Council of Thailand and prestige of this first seminar was enhanced the Thai Waterlily Lovers’ Club honored me by the presence of H.R.H. Princess Maha with an invitation to Thailand as a repre- Chakri Sirindhorn who presided over the sentative of the IWGS. The purpose was to opening ceremony. participate in their first seminar and exhibi- tion for waterlily and lotus. It was held in Chiang Mai July at Kasetsart University, and the theme of Following a stop-off in Phuket, our main trip the seminar was The Economic Development started from Bankok where my husband and of Nelumbo and Nymphaea for the National I met our liaisons for the trip, Pensiri Duds- Economy. deemaytha (who owns a waterlily nursery and was a coordinator of the seminar), Dr. This invitation arrived through Betsy Sakata N. Nopchai Chanslipa (a professor in Plant and her dear Thai friend Dr. Sam Wasuwat Science and a hybridizer of waterlilies) and [Both are members of the IWGS Hall of Fame Chaipol Tamsuvan (hybridizer of Nymphaea and you can read more about Dr. Wasuwat in ‘Queen of Siam’). The three escorted us to the Water Garden Journal Vol 18 (2): 12-13]. Chiang Mai in Northern Thailand as guests Dr. Wasuwat is a researcher and hybridizer of Queen Sirikit Gardens. Pai San, a manager of waterlilies and author of the book ‘How to of the Gardens, welcomed us and we visited Propagate Victoria’ (in Thai). He developed Chiang Mai market on route to the Gardens. this seminar for the growers of Thailand to Some of the marginals sold in the market promote the economic benefits of growing included Egyptian papyrus, red stem thalia, waterlilies and lotuses, and realized that an cattails, Nymphoides and Sagittaria japonica.

Cathy Green presents HRH Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn with a copy of Conard’s ‘Waterlilies’ on behalf of the IWGS

16 Th e Water Garden Journal Spring 2004 RIGHT Nymphaea sp. known as ‘Jongkolnee’

FAR RIGHT Market display of waterplants in Chiang Mai

BOTTOM RIGHT Jack and Cathy Green, Dr. Wasuwat and Dr. Vajrodaya

The next day we began our tour of the gar- botanic residence, with its open pavilion and dens with a stop at the museum and we were spectacular view of the mountains. We found joined by Dr. Weerachai, the Director, who Dr. Weerachai to present him with a copy of was gracious enough to show us through some Conard’s “The Waterlilies”, before finishing of the conservatories, the herbarium and the the day with more tours through the Gardens laboratory. This is where students and faculty and the orchid house. conduct research on plant cultivation, tissue culture and plant taxonomy. They are also in Back to Bangkok the process of cataloging all the plant speci- We flew back to Bangkok, arriving in the mens of Thailand and surrounding areas and late evening and noting the lively nightlife. Dr. Weerachai showed us many of the speci- We were amazed to see an elephant on the mens that he had collected himself. road amongst the traffic and Dr. Nopchai explained that they were trying to outlaw the At the water plant house we saw both tropical elephants as tourist rides, mostly because of and hardy waterlilies. On display were Victo- the harm to the elephants themselves. The ria lilies and Nymphaea ‘King of Siam’. Two following day we were greeted by Dr. Srunya of the best varieties we saw were N. ‘Queen of Siam’ and Dr. Nopchai’s N. ‘Mang Kala U Bol’, a beautiful hardy waterlily with a soft yellow flower and dark leaves. We also saw the unusual N. ‘Indian Goddess’ [Nang Kwak] in all colors including white and yellow. One of my favorites was N. ‘Jongkolnee’, with its multi-petalled pink flower. It will only reproduce viviparously, and although mistakenly called a hybrid, it is actually a native of Thailand found in their ponds and lakes.

Dr. Weerachai departed to greet his new librarian, while we enjoyed lunch back at the

Th e Water Garden Journal Spring 2004 17 Vajrodaya (a professor of Botany at the Ka- Princess Chulabhorn and her husband would setsart University), who had the driver take be visiting the symposium display that after- us to the Bangkok Market. We were truly noon, we made a mad rush to meet her. The amazed at the size (one can get easily lost) people of Thailand hold their royal family in and the immense selection of goods to buy, genuine respect and reverence. featuring anything from waterlilies and an- tiques, to flying squirrels. The Seminar and Displays At lunchtime we met Dr. Wasuwat, accompa- Early the next morning we were driven nied by his son and daughter, at a restaurant through the congested traffic to the Audi- on the river. Dr. Wasuwat told us to call him torium at Kasetsart University, the Agricul- Sam and he first asked us about everyone he tural University in Bangkok. This marvelous knew from the Society. He explained his great campus has exquisite architecture and many appreciation for the Princesses’ acknowledg- gardens displaying cannas and orchids. The ment of their very important seminar. After Thai Waterlily Lovers’ Club had made a phe- another fine meal Sam took us to his home nomenal display of blooming lilies and lo- where he grows and hybridizes many water- tuses in terracotta tubs lining the driveway liles. He has even dug a dirt bottom pond of the auditorium. A wide variety of exhib- to grow Victorias. Sam describes his work as its were displayed in front of the auditorium one of research for the improvement of the including one on the medicinal use of lilies. country’s education on waterlilies, and he be- Another exhibit displayed the dyeing of lotus lieved that this seminar would advance the leaves. The leaves are colored a beautiful blue growth and production of waterlilies and and maroon using some sort of vegetable dye, lotuses to assist the economics of Thailand. and a secretive Italian process that I had not Following a phone call with news that the heard of before.

Conference display In the front entrance were tasteful exhibits of waterlilies and lotuses in traditional Thai flower arrangements, alongside displays of various types of foods, such as sweets and wines, made from lotus roots and seeds. A young women dressed in traditional clothing demonstrated how to fold the flower petals of the lotus as used in the arrangements. These extraordinary displays revealed the country’s wealth of knowledge in the production and use of waterlily and lotus.

The seminar opened with a greeting from Princess Sirindhorn, followed by a film about the waterlily growing industry in Thailand. I presented the Princess with a gift of Henry Conard’s ‘The Waterlilies. A monograph of the genus Nymphaea’ on behalf of the IWGS,

18 Th e Water Garden Journal Spring 2004 before giving a presentation on ‘The Develop- of water plants. He is always looking for ment of the Water Gardening Industry in the better ways for his country to develop their United States’. This was followed by a lecture waterlily production. The first nursery had on the ‘Medicinal Qualities of Lotus’ arising a large variety of beautiful plants, both nurs- from studies in Vietnam. It gave details of ery stock and waterlily, lotus, and marginals. the chemical composition and pharmacologi- They used concrete tubs to display the water cal actions of the seeds and plumules, leaves, plants, which were mostly sold bare root. Ev- filaments, receptacles and rootstock. The lec- eryone was in great spirits as the owner gave ture concluded with a summary of the thera- the tour of his nursery. Many varieties of lil- peutic uses of Nelumbo and various recipies. ies were beautiful chance-hybrid tropicals, Dr. Wasuwat then presented his talk on ‘The unnamed and sold by color. I would ask him Economic Potential for Waterlily and Lotus the names of these lilies and he would say, in Thailand’ (in Thai). At lunch we had the “What is your name?... We will name it after opportunity to visit the former President of you” and we would laugh. the Kasetsart University who told us that he had visited Knoxville, Tennessee. There is For lunch we enjoyed traditional Thai dishes an exchange program with the agriculture using water plant ingredients. One was pre- students between University of Tennessee at pared with Victoria rhizome, another with Knoxville and Kasetsart University. After the waterlily night-bloomer stems. Waterlily seminar, many of the students introduced night-bloomer stems are a very popular com- themselves and informed me that they too modity in Thailand and many producers sell had visited Tennessee. (A little piece of home the stems to markets and stores. They are on the other side of the world.) harvested in very deep water to get the most amount of stem from the plant. Each stem The seminar concluded in the afternoon with has the outer skin peeled off to reveal the a panel discussion on ‘How to make Bau an white interior, which is chopped and cooked economic crop’ and ‘Wealthy by Bau’ [Bau is with other ingredients. The stem itself has a a term used to refer to both the waterlily and neutral taste on its own but when prepared lotus.] As Jack and I could not understand Conference display the discussions we were taken on a tour of the grounds of the University. The orchid garden was in full color with multiple specimens of each variety making a dramatic presentation. A display of Canna was developed following one of the many trips to Knoxville by the former President of the University. Many different Canna varieties, all in bloom, lined their parkway as far as the eye could see.

The following day we had an excursion to waterlily nurseries across the huge city of Bangkok. We spent the time caught in the traffic delays, discussing with Sam the trials and tribulations of commercial growing

Th e Water Garden Journal Spring 2004 19 with a dish it picks up the flavors of the other and two of everything good. We spent time ingredients and enhances the overall dish. discussing the possible benefits of holding an IWGS symposium in Thailand. The country When we could eat no more (customary for will host an International Flower show in Thai family dining) it was back on the bus Chiang Mai from November 2006 through to the next stop, ‘Water Lily Heaven’. What a to January 2007. The success of their first name! This is the nursery of the accomplished water gardening seminar encourages them to hybridizer, Chaipol Tamsuvan, who showed have another one in the future. They are will- us new varieties he was working on. We had ing to host an IWGS symposium the same not seen Chaipol since our trip to Chiang Mai year with the flower show event following. and he was delighted to welcome his guest and Both Jack and I agreed that the mutual ex- showed us all his latest creations. One called change of ideas between symposium attend- ‘A Thousand Petals’ would be a real contender ees, and Thailand’s rich heritage in waterlily in the new waterlily competition. production, could provide opportunities for everyone involved. It would be an experience Chaipol described the difficulties of repro- not to be missed. ducing tropical waterlilies in his region. They have no cold exposure to force the tropical to Both Jack and I greatly appreciated the chance set a tuber, so instead he lets lilies dry out un- we were given to visit Thailand this past til almost dead, then places them back into the summer. This ancient culture has a wealth of water. If it forms a tuber, all the better, but if knowledge and experience in the production it dies then “oh well”. He even risks this pro- of waterlilies and lotuses. They exhibited en- cedure on the only existing specimens of his thusiasm for continued growth in the indus- best creations to see if they will propagate. try and a willingness to share their enthusi- asm with other water gardeners. Any water We had a sleepy ride back to the university in gardener would benefit from taking this trip the plush bus and that evening we enjoyed one and enjoying the beauty and bounty of water gardening in Thailand. Growing lotus in Thailand Postscript In a later note to the IWGS, We saw tropical Thai varieties of lotus being Dr. Wasuwat reported on the success of the grown in large concrete containers. They do seminar, which had around 300 participants not produce the yellow lotus in Thailand. Club and more wanting to attend the following ex- member Vichai Puri was attempting this chal- cursion than they had room for. Before the lenge, but noted that the problem was not so seminar ended the Director of Kasetsart Uni- much the lack of cold climate, but the lack of versity offered land and co-operation to es- short days required during the Nelumbo lutea tablish a Waterplant Research and Develop- growth cycle. ment Center, a tremendous step forward for all those concerned.

last meal with our host, liaisons and their col- leagues. This was my first sushi experience in Cathy Green is on the Board of Directors of the IWGS Thailand with more sushi then I’d ever seen and runs Green and Hagstrom Nursery near Nashville, at one sitting. There were new dishes to try Tennessee, with her husband Jack.

20 Th e Water Garden Journal Spring 2004 Top Places to Visit Gun’. Several of these remote islands are only in Thailand accessible by small boats during the low tides. athy and her husband Jack (who We traveled out by speedboat followed by a C acted as photographer on the trip) list- flotilla in sea-kayak around the islands’ lime- ed the following recommendations for future stone caves. At certain points we were forced visitors to Thailand. to lie down in the boat to get through the entrance to a secret lagoon. We were amazed Queen Sirikit Gardens to be able to photograph mudskippers (a fish The Queen Sirikit Gardens are in the Chi- that walks), and wild orchids growing out of ang Mai province of northern Thailand, and the rock bluffs. The lagoons had mango trees were established in 1992 by royal decree. The growing in the waters and limestone forma- mission of the Gardens is to preserve the tions that gave the whole place a Jurassic Park plant resources of Thailand, especially rare feeling. and endangered species. The 2600 forested acres are in the mountainous regions where Phuket the climate is temperate. Some of the area is We began our trip on the Island of Phuket used for crop development and education for (pronounce poo-ket) for a little time to re- the local farmers. There is a natural museum cover from the long airline flight. The direc- displaying a collection of agricultural prod- tor of the Nashville Zoo recommended the ucts including over 70 different varieties of island to Jack and the resort has beaches of wine made from fruits of Thailand. There are white sand with calm, warm water. We found four conservatories: a rain forest collection, the local people to be very friendly and Pa- aquatic plant collection, cacti and succulent tong Beach was the happening shopping area collection and an orchid and fern house. at night. Many of the other tourists were from Australia on their winter holiday. We Chiang Mai Market particularly enjoyed the show and dinner Chiang Mai city is in the north of Thailand, at the Phuket FantaSea, a 140-acre cultural and its impressive outdoor market is a beau- theme park. tiful place with sellers’ stalls full of plants, from orchids and dieffenbachia, to waterlilies, lotuses, and marginals. Statues and ce- ramics are put on display with the plants in the gardens. Jack asked about fish and we were taken to a huge pet store carrying a wide assortment of live ornamental fish from red arowana to lionhead goldfish. Unlike the Bangkok market, this one is open seven days a week and is not nearly as crowded.

Phang-Nga Bay National Park The park, near Phuket, includes 120 small uninhabited islands, the most famous known as James Bond Island as it was used during the filming of ‘The Man with the Golden

Th e Water Garden Journal Spring 2004 21 by Anita Nelson Bog Gravel Filtration Photos by Anita Nelson

The Power Of Plants Building inside the pond Our first step was to drain and clean the Retrofitting filtration pond. Next we blocked off our bog filtra- any new pond constructions tion area with cinder blocks [standard con- M are being built with Bog Gravel Fil- crete building blocks, treated to reduce lime tration, it really works. But what do you do if seepage e.g. by pre-soaking; brushing with you already have an existing pond. Can you lime neutraliser; or sealing with waterproof retrofit your pond with a bog filter? The an- paint]. The floor of our pond was not level, swer is a resounding yes. It’s an easy process most ponds aren’t, but no matter. By using and fully within the capabilities of the aver- pavestone and flagstone (all flotsam and jet- age pond owner. sam from various previous landscaping projects) we managed. Peter built the wall up to With the help of my son Peter we tested two about pond level. The level of the wall is not different retrofitting techniques. The rule of as critical as you may think. Since the wall is thumb is to allow for 10 to 20% of the pond porous, with lots of cracks between the vari- surface to be devoted to a bog filter. Thus ous building materials (cinder blocks, bricks, a 10’ x 15’ pond, total of 150 square feet, flagstone), water will be able to flow freely should have a bog anywhere from 15 to 30 between the bog and the pond itself. Any square feet set aside as the bog filter. Here in oversized gaps can be filled with expanding Texas, with our long hot summers, we always foam. There is usually no need to cement err on the larger size, often constructing bog anything into place, unless the wall is higher filters larger than the 20% allowance stated than 18”/45cm. While constructing the wall, above. Always calculate a larger bog if you Peter laid in a length of 1”/25mm rigid PVC are planning on an extensive fish collection. pipe, to join the bog filter to the pump outside the filter.

The power of plants and their ability to improve Our next step was drilling the rigid PVC pipe water quality has been taken for granted for for the distribution network. The size of the many years. Recent years have seen the emer- pipe (in this case it was 1”/25mm) is deter- gence of some more specific ways of using plants mined by the size and flow of the pump. The to filter ponds. ‘Bog gravel filtration’, ‘plant fil- pump is determined by the size of the pond. ters’ and ‘reed-bed filters’ are all variations on Choose a pump that will circulate the entire this theme. Rolf and Anita Nelson, of Nelson Wa- volume of the pond anywhere from once an ter Gardens at Katy in Texas, have been strong hour to two to three times an hour. Here in proponents of their style of Bog Gravel Filtration. hot, humid South Texas we always go to the Its success has led to it being used in many new higher end of the spectrum and use pumps ca- pond setups and Anita Nelson describes here pable of turning over the entire volume of the how easily this system can be added to existing pond two to three times an hour; plants don’t ponds. Anita will also be making a presentation seem to mind this flow rate. In our demon- (with Kelly Billing, Maryland Aquatic Nurseries) stration pond, which holds 1700 gallons, we at this year’s Symposium on Aquatic Plants for only chose a 1200 g.p.h. pump, and despite Filtration. The article is a revised version of one being smaller than our recommendations it which first appeared in Water Gardening maga- still worked fine. Keep in mind though, that zine, May/June 2003. this pond was heavily stocked with plants and

22 Th e Water Garden Journal Spring 2004 lightly stocked with fish. Our 1200 g.p.h. hooked to the pipe we had embedded into the pump was equipped with a 1”/25mm outlet, wall previously. Using flexible hose, we con- therefore 1”/25mm PVC pipe was used. Larg- nected the other end of this embedded pipe er pumps could use larger connecting hose, to the pump, which was positioned at the op- but the distribution grid might still be in the posite end of the pond to facilitate good cir- smaller size rigid pipe to maintain pressure culation. throughout the pipeline. Since our gravel is 3/8”/10mm in diameter we drilled ¼”/6mm Gravel holes to prevent the gravel from dropping We then shoveled in the 3/8”/10mm gravel. into the pipework. Drill holes 4” to 6” (10- This was gravel scrounged up and recycled 15cm) apart. from a pathway that had been replaced with flagstone. We always use a rounded pea-grav- The pipe matrix The next step was to construct a matrix of the drilled pipe, using PVC T’s and elbows, to evenly distribute the water pumped into the bog gravel bed. We allow anywhere from 18 to 30” (45-75cm) between runs of pipe in larger pools, but in our smaller demonstration pond our runs were only 6” (15cm) apart. Don’t forget to cap the ends. If you forget to cap the ends, the water will not flow through all those carefully drilled holes. Instead it will take the path of least resistance and flow directly out of the ends and not distribute evenly. After the pipes were all elbowed and teed and glued together, the matrix was placed in the bottom of the filter area and

LEFT The pipe matrix is constructed in the walled off area of the pond, and the pipe con- nected to the pump with ﬂ exible hose.

ABOVE The pipe matrix is tested to check water ﬂ ow, ensuring that the ends of the pipe are capped.

Th e Water Garden Journal Spring 2004 23 el type [very angular types are more likely to damage liners and can pack down too firmly, clogging more rapidly]. Coarser gravel can be used, though it may be more difficult to plant into. We used the absolutely most dirty, filthy gravel you could possibly imagine. We washed it, hosed it, did everything we could, but it was still dirty. Clouds of brown dirt flowed through the cracks of the bog wall into the clear water of the pond. It looked like a disaster.

Be sure when shoveling the gravel into the filtration bed to stop when the bed is half

TOP LEFT After half filling with gravel, the plants are positioned and then backfilled with further gravel.

LEFT Pipe maxtrix positioned in the bottom of the filter pool, adjacent to the pond.

ABOVE Clear water, good enough to paddle in. full. This step simply makes it easier for the use common and aesthetic sense, have tall- next step; adding the bog plants. If you’ve er plants to the back, creeping plants to the ever dug in gravel you’ll know what I mean front and create interest by contrasting foli- – as soon as you dig a hole, most of the gravel age color and texture. After everything is ar- will roll right back into the depression. ranged just so, carefully fill in the voids with gravel. Next, knock the pots off your bog plants and place them roots, soil and all into the filtra- Make sure that the pump has a suitable pre- tion bed. Do not wash the soil off the plant filter, especially if you have koi, otherwise roots. Let me say this again, do not rinse the coarse sediments can get into the distribu- soil off the plant roots, there is simply not tion matrix and clog it. We often use a pre- enough nutrition in a virgin bog filter to screening mesh around the pump intake. sustain the plants [and the leftover soil re- Turn on the pump and now your bog garden duces plant transit shock]. I promise the soil is in business. Overnight the ugly brown wa- will not wash into the pond. When planting ter from our dirty gravel turned clear in our

24 Th e Water Garden Journal Spring 2004 solid footing such as a concrete pad or a plat- form of cinder blocks. The rest of the project is completed using the preceding construction techniques.

The last step is disguising the edges of a pre-formed pond/bog filter. If the filter was sunk into the ground till only an inch or two showed above the water level, the edges can be covered with flagstone. For taller filters, use plants that will cascade over the sides of the filter, we used Sweet Potato Vine (Ipo- moea batatas variety ‘Marguerite’) which isn’t officially a bog plant but still worked fine. Parrots feather (Myriophyllum aquaticum) also works well [this is considered an invasive in some states]. Another technique is to put chicken wire around the outside of the preformed pond and plant vines to grow up and cover the sides of the filter. pond. Cloudy muddy water often occurs at If you used a liner material to construct your start-up in Bog Filter Construction even us- bog filter then the same techniques for liner ing the cleanest of gravel, don’t worry, it will pond construction would be followed. I sug- clear up. gest that you elbow the pipe from the pump over the edge of the pond or between flag- Outside bog filters stone, instead of using a bulkhead fitting and The second retrofitting technique is to use running the pipe through the liner. It just an outside bog filter. Think of this as not makes everything easier [and less likely to only adding filtration but also enhancing the leak.]. appearance of your water garden with the lush plants that a filter will produce. We ac- Maintenance complish this by building a second pond next Annually, plants should be cut back when to, and higher than, the original pond. Pond they have died back, and every two years the water is pumped into the bog filter and flows surface of the gravel should be ‘fluffed up’. by the power of gravity back to the water gar- The bog can be kept looking more interesting den. The bog filter can be constructed out of during the winter by using some semi-ever- EPDM liner or using a pre-formed pond. We green plants like the Louisiana iris. A com- took the easy way out and used a preformed plete stripdown of the filter bed might only pond with a lip. There are several different be necessary every seven years or so, though sizes and shapes of preformed ponds on the this will vary on the loading on the filter and market that have waterfall lips and are ideal- the extent of the plant growth. We have had ly suited for bog filtration purposes. Be sure to strip one filter down sooner because of Cy- to provide the outside bog filter with a good perus roots growing into the pipe matrix.

Th e Water Garden Journal Spring 2004 25 If you have a power outage/cut and your Alternative Bog Filter Ideas pump is on a non-resetting trip-switch you Cla Allgood of Wakoola Water Gardens in might not remember to reset it when the Atlanta, Georgia also places “leakey pipe” power comes back on. When this happened used in irrigation in his bog filters. Once a to us we didn’t realize until the water started year when servicing his customers’ ponds he to go green two or three days later. We found hooks the end of the leaky pipe to an air com- that the water cleared in only 12 hours once pressor and blows out the filter. the filter was restarted. A raised bog filter might benefit from a non-return flap valve A nursery in the Kansas City area uses grav- in the supply hose to prevent water draining ity to run water through the bog. Water falls back into the pond if the pump stops. from a three foot high waterfall and into the Hints and Tips for Bog Filters: bog filter, before flowing through the gravel and then out into the pond through the re- Size: taining wall. The rule of thumb is 10 to 20 or 25% of the surface area of the pond should be bog. We always err on the [Walter Pagels notes a simple and effective 25% side especially in koi ponds and in our hot Texas way to filter water: “Pass the pond water climate. through a bed of floating water hyacinths. No construction is required. Just use a rope Flow rate: to hold the hyacinths to the edge of the pond. Choose a pump that will re-circulate the volume of This water hyacinth method was published the pond at least once an hour, preferably two to three in the Aquarist and Pondkeeper over 30 years times an hour. ago. That is also the way the city of San Di- ego cleans up sewage water and recycles it for Which plants? use in irrigation”. However, water hyacinth Any clumping bog plant will do, avoid bog plants with is considered invasive in many countries, and “running root systems” such as cattails, horsetails and will not grow as well in cooler climates.] mints. Mother Nature is very forgiving and will ad- Experiment. We had a customer at Nelson Water Gar- just your filter for you. For example, if you den who successfully grew tomatoes in his bog and add more fish (thus adding more fertilizer in said they were the sweetest, juiciest ever. the form of fish food) the plants in the bog will grow bigger and greener. The opposite Remember: holds true as well. - Don’t forget to cap the ends of the pipe matrix. - Fill the bog only halfway with gravel before plant- Please note: both of the projects pictured ing. were built on a small scale for demonstration - Leave the soil intact on the bog plants when planting purposes only, later on the entire pond was in the bog. dismantled. In real life the bog area would have been much larger.

26 Th e Water Garden Journal Spring 2004 by Anita Nelson The Long & Short of It

rouping plants to create a The Tables pleasing composition is as much an Beneath each tall plant (first row) you will G art as it is a science. The follow- find suggested companion plants for the un- ing tables aim to help you create attractive derstory which can be planted in the same groupings of marginal and moisture-loving/ container or area with the tall plants. Plant bog plants, in pots, in the bog garden, water three to five of the tall plant towards the cen- garden and plant filter beds. One of the easi- ter of the area with eight to twelve understory est and most logical approaches to take is the plants around the edges. long and short of it (or rather the tall and short of it). Low-growing plants should be planted along with taller specimens. Not only do the low-growing understory plants fill in areas, cover bare soil and disguise pot edges, but they complement their tall companions too! For example, the bright yellow-green leaves of Creeping Jenny really highlight and contrast with the stems of red-stem Thalia!

BELOW Canna ‘Ra’

RIGHT Understory moisture loving plants in a framed border above a pond

Th e Water Garden Journal Spring 2004 27 Taller Plants and Suggested Understory Plants to Complement Them

Really tall plants (1.5 to 2 metres high) Cattail Egyptian paper reed Red-stemmed Thalia White bulrush Alternanthera Alternanthera Creeping Jenny Aquatic mint White snowflake Aquatic mint Aquatic mint Chameleon plant Yellow snowflake Chameleon plant Chameleon plant Parrot’s feather Parrot’s feather

Medium tall plants (1 to 1.5 metres high) Red-leaved Canna Red-stemmed Sagittaria Violet-stemmed Taro Variegated Canna Water clover Water clover Water clover Alternanthera Aquatic mint Aquatic mint Aquatic mint Aquatic mint Sensitive plant Sensitive plant Sensitive plant Sensitive plant Creeping Jenny Creeping Jenny Creeping Jenny

Medium plants (0.5 to 1 metre high) Blue rush Dwarf Lizard’s tail Variegated Taro Black Taro Black papyrus sweetflag Magic Princess Alternanthera Alternanthera White snowflake Aquatic mint Aquatic mint Aquatic mint Creeping Jenny Creeping Jenny Sensitive plant Sensitive plant Sensitive plant Chameleon plant

Low/Short plants (20 to 50 cm high) Bog lily Dwarf golden sweetflag Dwarf variegated sweetflag Melon sword Creeping Jenny Alternanthera Alternanthera Creeping Jenny Alternanthera Water clover Water clover Alternanthera Aquatic mint Aquatic mint

Lysimachia nummularia

28 Th e Water Garden Journal Spring 2004 Contrast and Complement other on the color wheel: green/red, blue/or- Another way to look at plant groupings is to ange, and yellow/purple. Colors that comple- think about contrasting and complementing ment each other reside next to each other on their foliage colors. the color wheel: purple-blue-green-yellow- orange–red. Although many marginal and bog plants are lacking in showy flowers or consistent Here’s a breakdown in foliage color going blooming periods, they more than make up from the shortest to the tallest plants. for it with their lush foliage. Foliage comes E = evergreen in mild climates in many colors and forms of variegation as T = tender in colder zones well as a variety of forms and textures. Colors V = vigorous, containerize or prune that contrast are those that are opposite each regularly

Yellow Green/ Golden Foliage Marginal Botanical Name Height Creeping Jenny, golden Lysimachia nummularia aurea 7 cm E Sweetflag, micro-mini Acorus gramineus ‘Minimus Aureus’ 10 cm E Sweetflag, dwarf, Oborozuki &golden Acorus gramineus ‘Oborozuki’/‘Ogon’ 30 cm E Golden spears Baumea rubiginosa variegata 30 cm E Rush, gold strike Juncus effusus ‘Gold Strike’ 30 cm E Gold rush/reed Phragmites australis ‘Variegatus’ 75-120 cm Canna variegated, ‘Pretoria’ Canna sp. 120 cm T Canna ‘Striped Beauty’, yellow flower Canna sp. 120 cm T

Medium Green Foliage Marginal Botanical Name Height Water purslane Bacopa monnieri 7 cm T Bacopa, lemon Bacopa caroliniana 7 cm T Bacopa, fuzzy Bacopa lenagera 7 cm T Creeping Jenny Lysimachia nummularia 7 cm E Water clover Marsilea spp. 10 cm T Fiber-optic grass Scirpus cernuus (Isolepis cernua) 15 cm Star grass, white-top sedge Dichromena/Rhynchospora colorata 20 cm T Water orchid Cypella aquatilis 25-40 cm T Aquatic mint Mentha aquatica 30-40 cm V Rush, soft rush Juncus effusus 30-45 cm E Dwarf papyrus Cyperus prolifer (haspan Hort.) 45 cm T Taro, green Colocasia esculenta 60 cm T Pickerel rush, white Pontederia cordata var. alba 75 cm Pickerel rush Pontederia cordata 75 cm

Th e Water Garden Journal Spring 2004 29 Dark Green Blue moneywort Lindernia grandiflora 10 cm T Horsetail, dwarf Equisetum scirpoides 10 cm Pennywort Hydrocotyle umbellata 15 cm Ruellia, dwarf pink Ruellia brittoniana sp. 15 cm T Ruellia, ‘Katie’ dwarf blue Ruellia brittoniana ‘Katie’ 15 cm T Ruellia, dwarf white Ruellia brittoniana sp. 15 cm T Sweetflag, green Acorus calamus 40-90 cm Sweetflag, licorice Acorus gramineus ‘Licorice’ 20 cm E Bog lily Crinum americanum 30 cm T Rush, corkscrew Juncus effusus spiralis 30 cm Rush, ‘Bad Hair Day’ Juncus effusus spiralis ‘Bad Hair Day’ 30 cm Lizards tail Saururus cernuus 30 cm Bulrush, soft stem Scirpus validus Hort. 30 cm Iris, miniature yellow Iris pseudacorus ‘Minima’ 45 cm Umbrella palm, dwarf Cyperus alternifolius ‘Gracilis’ 45 cm T Ruellia ‘Chi Chi’ pink Ruellia brittoniana rosea 45 cm T Ruellia, blue Ruellia sp. 45 cm T Ruellia, white Ruellia sp. 45 cm T Ruby-eyed arrowhead Sagittaria montevidensis 45 cm T Umbrella palm, medium Cyperus alternifolius ‘Medium’ 75 cm T Butterfly ginger Hedychium coronarium 75 cm T Canna, Longwood red Canna ‘Endeavor’ 90 cm T Canna, Longwood yellow Canna ‘Ra’ 90 cm T Canna, Longwood pink Canna ‘Erebus’ 90 cm T Canna ‘Banana’ Canna ‘Banana’ 150 cm T Iris, yellow Iris pseudacorus 1.2-1.5 m Umbrella palm Cyperus alternifolius 1.2-1.5 m T Cattail/Reedmace, medium Typha laxmanii 1.5 m V Bulrush, giant Scirpus (Schoenoplectus) californicus 1.8 m Cattail/Reedmace, giant Typha latifolia 2 m V Egyptian paper reed Cyperus papyrus 2 m T Mexican papyrus Cyperus giganteus 2.4 m T

30 Th e Water Garden Journal Spring 2004 Blue Grey Foliage Parrot’s feather Myriophyllum aquaticum 10 cm V Carex, dwarf blue Carex glauca 10 cm Rush, blue gray Juncus glauca 30 cm Iris, Louisiana (mixed) Iris spp. 90 cm Powdery thalia Thalia dealbata 1.5 m Taro, violet-stemmed Colocasia esculenta ‘Fontanesii’ 90 cm T

Plants with White Variegation Pennywort, variegated Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides variegata 10 cm Chameleon plant Houttuynia cordata ‘Chameleon’ 15-25 cm Melon sword, ‘Marble Queen’ Echinodorus cordifolius ‘Marble Queen’ 20-30 cm T Sweetflag, dwarf variegated Acorus gramineus ‘Variegatus’ 15-25 cm Sagittaria, ‘Crushed Ice’ Sagittaria graminea ‘Crushed Ice’ 20 cm Water celery, variegated Oenanthe javanica ‘Flamingo’ 20 cm Ribbon grass ‘Strawberries ‘n Cream’ Phalaris arundinacea ‘Strawberries ‘n Cream’ 30 cm Ribbon grass ‘Dwarf Garters’ Phalaris arundinacea ‘Dwarf Garters’ 30 cm Sweetflag, variegated Acorus calamus variegatus 45-90 cm White bulrush Scirpus albescens Hort. 1.5 m Cattail/Reedmace, giant variegated Typha latifolia variegata 1.5 m Mediterranean reed, variegated Arundo donax variegata 2.4 m

Plants with Red/Purple Foliage Ruby runner Alternanthera reineckii 20 cm T Taro, ‘Black Magic’ Colocasia esculenta ‘Black Magic’ 90 cm T Taro, ‘Black Princess’ Colocasia affinis var jeningsii 90 cm T Sagittaria, red-stem Sagittaria lancifolia form ruminoides 90 cm T Violet-stemmed taro Colocasia esculenta ‘Fontanesii’ 90 cm T Canna, red-leaved Canna spp. 90 cm T Red-stem thalia Thalia geniculata form ruminoides 2.4 m T

Aquatics Snowflake, white Nymphoides cristata 5 cm T Snowflake, yellow Nymphoides geminata 5 cm Sensitive plant Neptunia spp. 15 cm T

Th e Water Garden Journal Spring 2004 31 Favorite combinations Black Magic Taro and Creeping Jenny Black Magic taro looks great paired up with The large dark velvety leaves of Black Magic parrot’s feather. This plant group is unified taro are highlighted by an under planting by the gray cast that exists in both of their with Creeping Jenny. Creeping Jenny is op- foliage, and their color hue which is in the posite to Black Magic taro in every way: cool range. Contrast is provided by the bold Form: Taro is tall whilst the Creeping texture of taro and the fine texture of parrot’s Jenny is short feather. Texture: Taro has a coarse texture whilst the Creeping Jenny is fine Louisiana Iris and variegated water celery Color: Taro is a warm deep purple color I make up several tubs of these plants to put whilst Creeping Jenny is a bright yellow- on my front porch for the winter months green. since both laugh in the face of a mild freeze. Their foliage colors complement each other Creeping Jenny is also an excellent under- while the textures contrast. story plant for plants with reddened stems or foliage such as the red-stemmed version of thalia and the red-leaved cannas.

Ruby runner, a low-growing, red-foliaged marginal, is excellent paired with any of the dark green or medium green plants.

Plants to beware of in Mixed Plantings We call these aquatics the bullies in the garden, plants that will “muscle out” all other plant companions; they simply won’t behave and will run rampant over their neighbors. These plants really need to be grown in their own container if used anywhere beside other plants. Plants in this category include horsetail, aquatic mint, curly mint, and all cattails except variegated cattail. [Always check your local regulations concerning plants that are considered invasive or indeed prohibited.]

Saururus cernuus (Lizard’s Tail)

32 Th e Water Garden Journal Spring 2004 IWGS Committee News

Trials & Collections ByLaws A draft of the requirements to become/re- This committee is compiling electronic files main a certified collection has been prepared of the last ten years of board and Annual and the application form has been modified General Meeting minutes and reviewing the to reflect these requirements. A provisional bylaws for possible update and tidying. certificate has been sent to a new lotus collection in Italy. Certified and provisional Fundraising collection holders will be contacted shortly The Name That Lily Auction has been ar- for a status report. ranged for this year, with the new hybrid donated by Ken Landon. Journal Task Force Membership Committee This group has been working on making ap- pointments for the positions of editor and Address lists have been compiled and con- graphics/layout person. Cost-saving measures firmed for Pond Societies and Botanical Gar- have been investigated and the journal con- dens in preparation for future mailings. tents and printing procedures evaluated. Public Relations Registration A press release has been sent to promote the Symposium. Discussion for future plans is All of the entry work on the Preliminary ongoing, including a rethink of the Society Check List of Nymphaea has now been en- Logo. IWGS members can always be of help tered into the database (BG-Base), and a new by submitting information and news items of registration form is being finalised. interest to the wider water gardening world Victoria Conservancy to Roseanne at [email protected] or by fax at 814-695-1722. Photos are always welcome The conservancy is currently performing re- and are always appreciated. Send high-resolu- search, comparing techniques of seed bank- tion digital files (jpeg) to the email address. ing, germination, and horticulture along Be sure the photographer is given as well as a with continuing genetic studies in conjunc- description of the photo. tion with Alfred University in New York State. They have been able to provide seeds to German Branch Botanical Gardens; have provided advice on The German Branch had a successful meet- the Victoria waterlily for the renovated San ing last summer for their waterlily days at Francisco Conservatory www.conservato- Walderbach, and they hope to repeat these ryofflowers.org and they have also worked to on a three yearly cycle. Members are now re- educate people about Victorias, from school ceiving the quarterly commercial magazine children to adults. Gartenteich along with the branch’s news- letter. Their ‘waterlily of the year’ for 2004 Honors and Awards has been proposed as Nymphaea ‘Fritz Junge’, Past submissions have been reviewed and in- with large stellate flowers flushed with icy formation gathered on the new nominees. pink, and hybridized by Junge in 1975.

Th e Water Garden Journal Spring 2004 33 By James Allison Patently Confusing with Perry Slocum

f you have been fortunate enough • The plant must not have been advertised/ I to hybridise a new variety of plant, or an promoted/sold for more than a short period unusual and attractive sport has turned up in of time (in some countries, one year) before your watergarden, how do you go about mak- the protection was applied for. ing the most of it? The most common way is to use some form of patenting. The USA • Often the application can only be made by has a system of plant patents and many other the original inventor/finder. In some cases countries have various forms of Plant Breed- this right can be assigned to someone else, ers Rights (PBR). These give the originator who can then make the application. exclusive rights over a set period of time. The normal procedure is to licence other growers What does it cost? to produce the plant and to charge a royalty The actual fees vary, upwards from $270 in for each plant sold. Waterlily hybridiser Per- the USA, from £145 ($275) in the UK, and ry Slocum has given us a summary of how he €900 in Europe ($1150). However, the pa- went about patenting some of his plants (see perwork and processes can be quite daunt- box ‘Lily Patents’). ing, and most people will use the services of a patent agent or a similar professional to What are the requirements? carry out this work for them. This could add The requirements for protection (patenting considerably to the cost. As well as filling in or PBR) vary according to the laws present in various forms, a colour photograph is usu- each country, but some of the typical require- ally required. In some countries, for certain ments are: plants, a live specimen might also be required to allow it to be grown on, to test its dis- tinctness. Plants which have been genetically • The plant must be a new ‘invention’ or have modified are likely to have extra hurdles to been found growing in among other cultivat- cross, e.g. in the EU. ed plants. Plants found growing in the wild cannot normally be patented. Most growers want to make it clear that the plant is their right, and usually spend some • The plant must be capable of reliable prop- money on promoting the plant in advertis- agation by asexual means, giving rise to more ing, through coloured display boards, or plants with the same characteristics, e.g. a in catalogues. Also, to monitor sales by li- stable and uniform variety. cencees, and simplify the royalty procedure, some growers produce distinctive pot labels • The plant must have enough distinct char- and stipulate that every authorised plant sale acteristics to allow it to be distinguished from be accompanied by one of the labels to prove other varieties. These differences should not that the royalty has been paid. The labels are be due merely to differences in growing con- then sold to the licensee at the royalty rate. ditions (temperatures, soils or fertilizers). The labels might also make clear to purchas-

34 Th e Water Garden Journal Spring 2004 ers that the plant is protected. All these items The protection offered lasts a set period, e.g. will incur some costs. twenty (USA) or twenty-five (EU) years, after which the plant enters the public domain. What is the gain? It may be possible to apply for a further pe- The scale of royalty is likely to vary accord- riod of protection, though this is not always ing to the likely selling price of the finished possible. After this time, the plant is also plant and the numbers that might be sold. As likely to be well distributed, and it may be noted elsewhere, a $3 fee is not untypical for difficult or impossible to reliably control fu- a waterlily. Marginal and herbaceous plants ture dispersion. might have a royalty anywhere from 10 or 15 cents up to one or two dollars. If large num- If another grower illegally produces and sells bers are sold, the royalty received could be plants without paying royalties, it is up to the substantial. However, any patented plant has rights owner to take them to court and gain to be able to justify its surcharge by having recompense. As with anything involving law- unique selling points that will attract cus- yers, this can be a lengthy and expensive pro- tomers, such as a very unusual flower colour, cedure! Some of the hurdles that crop up are especially distinctive foliage, or exceptional discussed elsewhere (See the box ‘You Canna blooming performance. This is particularly do that!’). important in a crowded market, when there may be many other good varieties on offer at As with all legal issues, the situation is constantly cheaper prices. changing, and the area of patenting has seen more that its fair share of changes over the past few de- What protection is offered? cades. It is important to check on the current state Usually the protection only covers asexual of play in your own country. The references below reproduction for sale. A home hobbyist who may be of some help. wanted to divide and multiply the plant for their own personal use would not be liable US Office of Plant Patents: to pay royalties. Also, a royalty would not be http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/plant/ liable on distinctly different offspring result- ing from a cross made with the plant, even CPVO: European Community Plant Variety if produced and sold commercially. However, Office: http://www.cpvo.eu.int the protection offered to seed is an area of debate (see box ‘Patent History and Current UPOV: The organisation which coordinates Issues’). In some countries you cannot refuse international regulations for plant breeders rights: a licence to other growers who agree to pay http://www.upov.int you the royalty. They may have the right to compulsorily purchase a licence. UK Plant Breeders Rights: http://www.defra.gov.uk/planth/pvs/pbrguide.htm

Th e Water Garden Journal Spring 2004 35 Patent History and Current Issues he earliest known English patent Many other countries decided not to patent T for invention, was granted by King Hen- plants but to offer instead Plant Breeder’s ry VI to the Flemish-born John of Utynam Rights (PBR). With the increase in world in 1449. This patent gave John a twenty-year trade, many of the countries using PBR sys- monopoly on a particular method of making tems cooperated in 1961 to form the Interna- stained glass not previously used in England. tional Union for the Protection of New Vari- Earlier forms of protection, for franchising eties of Plants (UPOV). This was an attempt industrial methods of cloth production, had to provide a more standardised approach to been recorded in 1326. However, it was the the legislation involved. The USA joined this industrial revolution of the 1700’s and 1800’s group in 1981. UPOV’s mission statement is that really drove the development of patent- “To provide and promote an effective system ing procedures. of plant variety protection, with the aim of encouraging the development of new variet- The USA patent office was founded in 1790, ies of plants, for the benefit of society.” and in England, a confusing plethora of patent offices and procedures was simplified by Global Issues the introduction of UK wide patents in 1852. The whole issue of protecting rights has be- The whole impetus behind patenting was to come considerably more complicated with protect the intellectual property rights of the development of genetic engineering, and those producing new inventions, literary and attempts to patent the methods used to in- artistic creations. In most cases the levels of corporate new genetic material into plants. protection provided by patents, copyrights, Another issue raised, is the method by which designrights, and trademarks allowed for ex- originating countries might be compensated clusive rights for use, over a variable length for the exploitation of their plants and plant of time. Usually this involved the payment technologies used in other countries. of royalties to rights-holders by parties using the protected property. In the past, crops like maize, tomatoes and potatoes, were transported around the world Plant Patents to become major cash crops in new countries. As far as plants are concerned, plantsmen In these cases the originating countries re- have always attempted to maximise the val- ceived little or no benefit. With the drive to ue of novel plants. The search for the elu- produce new, more disease resistant crops, sive ‘black tulip’ in the 1600s led to a public researchers are often returning to these origi- eager for new varieties and prepared to pay nating countries to find ‘wild type’ variants enormous prices for them. However, it seems of the crops. These can be used to provide that the United States was the first country new genetic material to boost the existing to introduce plant patents, with 16 patents commercial varieties. Naturally, the originat- awarded in 1930, the first year of operation. ing countries (often in the developing world) By 2000, typically 800 patents were being are much more keen to have a share of the awarded each year. benefits this time round, but how can this

36 Th e Water Garden Journal Spring 2004 be controlled? Research into this topic uses cially in food crops of world importance. the terminology Access and Benefit Sharing Some have interpreted these developments (ABS), and recent reports on the subject have as unwelcome. Although they may in theory been produced by the UN University. benefit society, the technology and plants arising from GM technology are under mo- Bio-Piracy nopoly control, and are unlikely to be afford- The raiding of third world countries for the able by the developing countries who might value of their plants and animals has been even have provided the original seed stock in called ‘bio-piracy’, and it touches the aquatic the first instance. trades too. Governments, such as Brazil, now usually require plant and fish collectors to have some type of permit before collecting References and exporting novel specimens. They will no doubt look towards some form of compensation in the future. Pharmaceutical com- Current Issues & Bio-Piracy panies have compensated remote tribes for Access and Benefit Sharing - work by the UN information regarding the medicinal uses University, Tokyo of local plants, but what happens after this? http://www.ias.unu.edu/switch.cfm/lang/EN Does that tribe (and other tribes nearby who received no compensation), now have to pay Barton, John H.; Berger, Peter, ‘Patenting a royalty to use their old traditional treat- ments? The European Patent Office recently Agriculture’ in, Issues in Science & Technology, revoked a patent on the use of neem (a plant Summer2001, Vol. 17 issue 4, p43-50. extract with valuable insecticidal and fungi- cidal properties), because it has been shown Hoque, Anwarul; Skully, David, ‘One Plant, Patent that the neem plant has been used in this way Pending’ in, Choices, Spring 2002, p39-42. (A very for over 2000 years in India. However, this useful overview of the current world situation) leaves some confusion surrounding the patented, artificially produced pesticides that have been developed around the neem plant’s ‘Seeds of wrath’, in New Scientist, 14 February active ingredient, azadirachtin. 1998, Vol. 157 issue 2121, page 14

Worldwide Controls Neem patents Issues such as these are being examined http://www.twnside.org.sg/title/revoked.htm under new agreements made by members of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) Patent history who brought in the Trade-Related Aspects http://www.myoutbox.net/pohulme.htm of Intellectual Property Rights Agreement (TRIPs) during 1994. Many of the standards http://www.ladas.com/Patents/ they aimed to introduce have yet to be fully USPatentHistory.html implemented. This is exacerbated by further http://www.patent.gov.uk developments in genetic engineering, espe-

Th e Water Garden Journal Spring 2004 37 This similarity came to a head in 2001 when You Canna the owners of the PBR prosecuted another do that! South African grower for selling the plant any of the issues around the without paying a royalty. Initially, the courts M application of Plant Breeders Rights upheld the South African PBR. However, in (PBR) have been highlighted by a recent case 2002, the canna specialist Keith Hayward, where the rights over an ornamental plant from the UK, decided to petition the Europe- were disputed. The plant in question was a an Community Plant Variety Office (CPVO) Canna with distinctly reddish-plum leaves over this issue, despite a lack of support from striped pink, and orange flowers. A South other commercial growers who were likely to African took out plant breeder’s rights on the benefit from the petition. variety which was sold in the late 1990’s under the names ‘Phasion’ (pronounced Passion) Investigations led to the conclusion that the or ‘Tropicanna™’. Some questions were raised plant in question originated in Zimbabwe in both South Africa and the UK, where a in the 1950’s, and that the original South very similar, if not identical plant, had been African Plant Breeder’s Rights should not sold for a number of years under the names have been awarded, as the application failed ‘Durban’ and ‘Variegated Pink Stripe’. to meet the necessary criteria. DNA evi- dence also confirmed that cannas ‘Phasion’ and ‘Durban’ were identical. The European Canna ‘Durban’ CPVO took the decision in November 2003 to void the breeder’s rights for ‘Phaison’. This decision no doubt aided the South African appeal court’s decision, during the following weeks, to terminate the plant breeder’s rights for ‘Phaison’ in that country, in support of the grower who was defending the right not to pay royalties. However, this case lingers on, as the rights holder for ‘Phaison’ intends to appeal.

The details in this intriguing case can be investigated further on Keith Hayward’s en- lightening website at: http://www.hartcanna. co.uk/phasion.htm

The site also carries many other useful links on the issues surrounding PBRs. DNA fin- gerprinting was discussed in three articles in the Water Garden Journal 15(1):12-21.

38 Th e Water Garden Journal Spring 2004 Waterlily Patents Costs: In 1986, the plant patents cost me $1,000 Well-known hybridiser Perry Slocum sup- each; in 1996, the cost had jumped up to plied this useful summary (in 2002) of his $1,700 each. For someone like me who is over experiences on patenting waterlilies follow- 65 years old, the waiting period is shortened ing a request from IWGS founding member to a few months. However, if one is under 65 Charles Thomas. Perry was one of the first years old, I was told that one or more years to receive a patent for a waterlily, though could be involved. two others received patents before him, George Pring for Nymphaea ‘St. Louis’ in Royalties: 1933 (see the box on the following page), The fee charge that the grantee receives for and Martin Randig for N. ‘Mrs. Martin E. a U.S. patented plant is up to the person or Randig’ in 1938 (Masters). company receiving the patent. I have always charged $3.00 for a plant propagated and sold. It can range from a few cents to several “I received my first patent in 1946 for Nym- dollars, according to my attorney. phaea ‘Pearl of the Pool’ (U.S. Plant Patent #666). Back then the procedure was relative- What is involved: ly simple. I contacted the U.S. Patent Office My plant patent attorney asked for 8” x 10” directly. They recommended an artist who sharp color photographs of every stage in the drew and painted the flower and I was soon development of the flowers and leaves includ- awarded the patent. ing a shot of an overturned leaf to show the underside. The plant must have been sexu- Now, one must work through a plant patent ally crossed (that is, pollen from one flower is attorney - not a regular attorney. How does placed on the stigma of the other). The new one find a plant patent attorney? I asked our plant should be different from all other simi- county agriculture agent who gave me the lar plants on the market. name and address of a local one. He has since secured five U.S. plant patents for me. Nymphaea ‘Peaches and Cream’ In 1986, I was granted three plant patents for Photo by James Allison lotuses, which I had hybridized. They are: Nelumbo ‘Charles Thomas’ (#5794) (on the cover of the Water Garden Journal 18:4); N. ‘Maggie Belle Slocum’ (#5798); and N. ‘An- gel Wings’ (#5799).

Plant patents issued then were valid for 17 years. In 1996, I was granted two plant patents for waterlilies that I had hybridized. These patents are now valid for 20 years. The water lilies patented in 1996 were: Nymphaea ‘Black Princess’ (#09,662); and N. ‘Peaches and Cream’ (#09,676).

Th e Water Garden Journal Spring 2004 39 Regarding sales: [Charles Thomas adds, that for plants that Here is where honesty is very important. he has patented, he has always charged $3.00 Make sure that the buyer knows that he or she royalty per plant propagated and sold by oth- is purchasing a patented plant. Only plants ers.] that are grown and propagated by the buyer require the royalty charge. And this is where Masters, Charles (1974), Encyclopedia of the the patent owner has to depend on the hones- water-lily, T.F.H. Publications 1974 (out of ty of the grower who propagates and sells the print), p99&102, has full details about the plant. Only plants that he or she propagates first waterlily patents in the USA. and sells require the royalty charge. The National Association of Patent Practi- Is getting a U.S. plant patent on a new plant tioners (NAPP) might be able to direct you worthwhile? It has been for me! to an appropriate patent agent if you live in the USA. Alternatively, ask other local plant breeders for personal recommendations. http://www.napp.org/

George H. Pring was the re- ‘St.Louis’ was one of the first commercial outlet (Tricker’s nowned waterlily hybridist fruits of fifteen years of hy- in Arlington, NY) was given from Missouri Botanic Gar- bridisation efforts, and the the rights to sell the lily with den (MBG), and in an intrigu- very first yellow tropical 17½% of their sales revenue ing taped discussion with his hybrid. Pring argued “Why making its way back to MBG. son-in-law, Russ Seibert (of should we turn it loose and Alongside those plants sold Longwood Gardens) made in let everyone get the benefit by MBG, this netted a sub- the 1970’s, he discussed the from it? ... The commercial stantial sum of money for patenting of Nymphaea ‘St. men will just simply make the gardens. Nevertheless, Louis’. Pring noted that the money out of it”. The garden’s Pring’s driving force was not founder of MBG, Henry Shaw, Director, George Moore, took commercial “...it was a work had set a policy of not sell- up the case with Judge Hitch- of love and I enjoyed it and ing plants, and it took some cock, President of the Board of one of the pleasures I have of persuasion to encourage the Trustees at MBG, and he gave that work is to go to foreign trustees of the time (about the go ahead to having the countries and see my waterlil- 1930) to take a more commer- plant patented through a law- ies in these foreign pools.” cial route. yer in Washington D.C. One

40 Th e Water Garden Journal Spring 2004 Waterlilies & Beetles

aterlilies have been partnered The scarab beetle found in this case (Ru- W with beetles for over 100 million teloryctes morio closely related to the South years. It has been known for some time that American scarab), tended to arrive on the first there is a very close relationship between the night of opening, usually dusted with pollen, night blooming lilies of South America (such probably from other Nymphaea lotus. They as Victoria and species of Nymphaea in the usually mated inside the flower, ate some subgenera Hydrocallis and Lotos) and the petal tissue, and moved about the flower so scarab beetle Cyclocephala. These nocturnally transferring pollen to the stigma. The beetles active beetles aid pollination in the plants. stayed overnight in the flower and throughout the following day (avoiding desiccation Recently published research (aided by an and predation), generally leaving the flower IWGS Research Grant) looked into similar as it opened on the second night, and taking associations in Africa. Nymphaea lotus was fresh pollen with them. No other insects were studied in Senegal in West Africa. The flow- noticed as significant pollinators. Fertilized ers of N. lotus generally opened for three flowers sank below the water after the third nights, functioning as receptive female flow- day of flowering, whereas flowers bagged in ers for the first night, and as pollen pro- mesh (and unfertilized) opened again on the ducing male flowers on the subsequent two fourth night, indicating that fertilization nights. Compared to ambient temperatures, triggered flower withdrawal. the temperature within the flowers increased The researchers concluded that the most slightly at night, and probably aided the re- likely reasoning for the similarities, on both lease of scent. The scent was analysed and 23 continents, of such a sophisticated relation- different chemicals isolated, the four most ship between lily and beetle, was due to the significant being a methoxylated benzenoid, relationship starting before Africa and South a fatty acid derived ester, a terpenoid, and America were parted by the Atlantic Ocean, a saturated hydrocarbon. Such scent chemi- around 130 million years ago. cals, though unusual for most flowers, are commonly found in flowers of those plants visited by scarab beetles.

Information taken from the article by Ervik, Finn & Knudsen, Jette T., Water lilies and scarabs: faithful partners for 100 million years? Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2003, 80, 539-543.

Photo of N. lotus, right, by Janina Pasaniuc.

Th e Water Garden Journal Spring 2004 41 Tales from the Lotus Trail

Part 3 by Gr ant Mitchell the sky takes on a beautiful hue, which is re- flected on the oil like surface of the lake... Continuing Grant’s travels through China the lotus... the dragonflies... the traditional in search of lotus, in the summer of 2001 music floating on the breeze from the locals playing in the park beside the lake... words 18th August - aren’t good enough. Back To Hangzhou 14th Sept - A Green, Red, ’m glad all that mountain climbing Gold And Pink Splotched is over! I have just returned from Huang I Canvas Shan, the Yellow Moun-tains, truely one of the natural wonders of the world. Unfortu- left Beijing via the new gargantuan nately someone told the whole of China and IWest Station after three days in Beijing, they are all there right now, or so it seems. a very quick trip, but I wanted to get back to Kunming. Autumn was stalking the hills The next day I got the bus back to Hangzhou around the villages and most of the lotus and the day after I went to my friend’s lo- ponds we passed had been drained and left tus nursery. She said that most of the flowers to dry out, some so that they could harvest were finished. When I had been here a couple the roots. of weeks ago they were damaged by the ty- phoon! We went there anyway and there were In 1999 I revisited Lijiang to have some still enough for me to get repetitive strain in- woodcarvings made. It is a very picturesque jury in my shutter finger, clicking off photos, town situated over towards Tibet in a glacier- so many beautiful varieties, from huge double gouged valley with a huge, usually cloud cov- whites splashed with wine-red to fat petaled ered mountain as a backdrop. On that visit, singles in various shades of pink to small, when I left to return to Kunming I decided delicate, ice-white tubes of half opened buds, to get the day bus for a change. To my delight the tips of which seemed to reach up towards and chagrin in the next town, He Qing (Ch- the sun in supplication! ing), there were huge fields of red / pink lotus which I had missed in the night on the way After another sumptuous lunch overlooking up! It’s still the only place I’ve been where the night bloomer pond I took a quick walk the commercial crop is of the double per- around the Lotus Flowers Swaying In The suasion!!!!! If I had only known while I was Breeze Park (Breeze Ruffled Lotus Park) and twiddling my fingers in Lijiang, but it was then headed off around the lake’s edge salivat- too much trouble to get off with all my stuff ing over the huge dark pink singles and light ... there’s always next time” I muttered to pink singles tipped with almost red, watching myself, already in plotting mode. This year, lost petals from spent flowers wandering the after spending a couple of days in Kunming... lake like little pink rudderless boats, some again, again!! I bought a sleeper bus ticket to laden with cargos of golden stamens. They Lijiang ... Dawn (with a little help from the say that there are 14 varieties growing around bus) shook us awake on the outskirts of He the lake but I don’t think I saw that many, Qing, surrounded by fields of red and pink but then I didn’t go everywhere as the lake lotus…things are in full swing here! The sea- is huge. It’s so picturesque, especially in the son must be late due to the colder climate… evening as the sun sinks behind the hills... it’s quite high here.

42 Th e Water Garden Journal Spring 2004 ... The just opening buds are red and upon getting the spark of life, their once spongy opening, the outer petals are broad and dark tissues never engorged with the juices of re- pink with a host of narrower, dark veined generation. “There must be some ripe ones petals in the centre…. long pink fingers sup- somewhere !!!” porting and protecting a brilliant, sun-like pod attended by a corona of blazing stamens. ... Spying a peasant heading my way from the The driver and conductress dropped me at a opposite side, I think that I will be able to huge new impressive gate of carved stone and elicit some useful info from him, depending painted wood and said, “Up there are the lo- on the language… “Do you have a boat?”… tus!”. “Of course!”….”Will you take me out to look for some seeds?... I’ll give you some cash!”…. In a ditch beside the road were lots of long “Sure!” At the end of the clear lake are a leafed water plants of some sort… “I’ll grab few acres of lotus, wild rice and other water some of those on the way back!” In this area plants including a golden carpet of variegat- they have some sort of Otellia which can ed leafed Nymphoides. We passed a couple grow in quite deep water, I’ve seen it grow- of other small rafts which I had noted before ing in Black Dragon Park. It has long sinu- as possible prospects, the occupants all called ous stems and creamy white, yellow centered out to my new friend asking what the crazy flowers about 1” across which they roll up in foreigner was up to, laughing at the reply. We bundles and cook…. very nice…. “Sea Flow- stepped on to his almost submarine punt, he er” they call it. bailed out most of the water, gave me a small stool with a lotus leaf cover and told me to On both sides of the road appeared huge sit. He struggled us out into the pink sea lakes of lotus. I tried to get a picture of a bird with his bamboo pole, gradually gaining mo- sitting on a luscious bud, but it was camera mentum…thousands of flowers…hundreds of shy and flittered off. A local directed me to pods, but hardly any seeds! “ These are good!” a the lake on the left for some reason, so off he says, but they are good for eating only…. I squelched up the muddy track, my shoes juice filled almost to bursting…..sticking up quickly sopping wet and slipping off in all out of their maroon topped pods .... On and directions with minds of their own, acting on we push and pull through the swamp, but independently. On one side of the track was not one dried seed to be found, not even one a seemingly barren lake stretching away to- that’s remotely likely to grow… I pull out a wards the valleys side, on the other, a green, few of the golden Nymphoides, which I have red, gold and pink-splotched canvas of lotus... been after for years. Disappointed, (only me) The promising parcels of pink are very close we slap the shore and I give him some money, to the edge, but I couldn’t see any ripe seeds, which he laughingly accepts without a hint of only the occasional plump green ones, tan- greed…. “Lay dodo may….Jo bay say” (good- talizingly out of reach. Some of the blooms bye…thank you) I call out, as he is already on are battered from some recent storm; others his fish chase. are bowing their heads in contemplation of slipping off their skirts to lighten their load, Grant Mitchell is based in NSW Australia and has yet others have died as infants, their suns travelled extensively throughout China over the last 20 never glowing. There are also a lot of small years. He grows many aquatics at his nursery: dried pods, barren wombs, their seeds never http://www.geocities.com/lianglianwatergarden/

Th e Water Garden Journal Spring 2004 43 Alien Invaders

International Euhrychiopsis lecontie, is being investigated as The Convention on Biological Diversity a potential biocontrol agent. (CBD) had an international meeting (COP) in Kuala Lumpur in February where discus- In Maine, a survey of 10,000 boats on lakes sion continued on the possible control mea- and ponds, found that 2.6% carried plant sures for invasive alien species. fragments, a proven route for the spread of invasive plants. The state is enforcing a boat USA warning-sticker and fine regime for boaters The latest issue of ‘Aquaphyte’ notes that the caught transferring invasive plants. Center for Integrated Pest Management has set up an Agricultural Internet Monitoring An insect, Hydrellia pakistanae has been used, System (AIMS), which web-crawls in order with some success, to control Hydrilla in to find retailers selling banned species online. the southern USA. http://www.aquatic-inva- They will initially warn retailers to stop sales, sive-species-conference.org/powerpoint_pdf/ with possible prosecution as a back up. Session%20B/Wednesday/michael_grodow- itz.pdf Research last year by the University of Minne- sota involved placing 40 orders with vendors Oregon Department of Agriculture is to add across the USA for aquatic plants (from gen- the popular garden plant, the butterfly bush eral and specialist water garden or aquarium Buddleja davidii, to its noxious weed ‘B’ list. outlets). 10% of the orders had unintention- It is not prohibited, but control measures will ally included aquatic nuisance species which start to remove it from the wild. Cultivars are had not been ordered, and 75% of orders had not yet affected, but officials will be monitor- fragments of duckweed adhered to plants. In ing their invasiveness. 13 out of 14 cases where plants ordered were on the federal or Minnesota prohibited list, UK they had still been supplied. It clearly suggests ‘The Scotsman’ reports the continued spread that retailers need to take such risks more seri- of Crassula helmsii in both Scottish lochs and ously. http://www.glc.org/ans/ansupdate/pdf/ the English Lake District. Update08-03.pdf Last year’s UK review of non-native species Eurasian water milfoil Myriophyllum spicatum, policy is available on-line: http://www.defra. continues to spread in the USA and is now gov.uk/wildlife-countryside/resprog/findings/ found in 45 states. A North American weevil, non-native/

44 Th e Water Garden Journal Spring 2004 Book Review

Encyclopedia of Water Garden Plants, by Greg Speichert and Sue Speichert. Tim- ber Press Portland US/Cambridge UK, 2004, 386pp, $49.95/£35.00.

Significant new books on ornamental water plants are few and far between, and the arrival of this weighty addition has been much anticipated. The authors, Greg and Sue Speichert, are well known for their wealth of experience gained running both their specialist nursery, Crystal Palace Perennials, and Water Gardening magazine. such detail before. There is plenty of helpful The book opens with a useful selection of information on cultivation, soil types, hardi- chapters introducing the different categories ness and propagation techniques. A compan- of water plants, planting methods, soil types ion chapter on irises gives brief descriptions and fertilizers. The chapter on hardy water- on over 110 selections with 18 different vari- lilies gives relatively short descriptions on eties pictured. around 160 cultivars and species, with over 70 different varieties pictured. A matching Subsequent chapters offer coverage on over chapter on tropical waterlilies covers around 50 species of waterlily-like, floating and sub- 120 cultivars and species, with 25 different merged aquatics, though how plants are allo- varieties pictured. The final chapter in this cated within these categories is questionable group describes around 90 varieties of lotus, in places. Practical advice is given liberally, with 15 different varieties pictured. There is and the invasive nature of certain plants is plenty of practical advice on planting, sea- cautioned. The book concludes with an in- sonal care, tuber types and propagation of formative summary of pests and diseases and the lilies and lotus, backed up with useful various listings of plants by flower colour pictures. The emphasis throughout is on the and suitability for particular places. ornamental cultivars, rather than the species, and a significant number of the varieties list- In its strengths, this book is aided by its ac- ed are recent ones that will not be found in complished breadth of coverage and general older books. care in naming of plants. There are a few points on descriptions and naming that I The following chapter titled ‘Marginals’ deals question, but bearing in mind the sheer num- with both true marginal aquatics and mois- ber of plants that this book attempts to deal ture loving plants. This is a very substantial with, these are minor gripes. Despite the ex- chapter approaching half of the book’s con- cellence of many of the photographs, some tent and incorporating over 400 species and did notably lack clarity. selections, with pictures of over 270 different plants. Greg Speichert is well known for Overall this is likely to be a most welcome his eagerness to seek out new, different, and addition to the bookshelves of all aquatic interesting plants, and some of the varieties enthusiasts, appealing to both new fans and included here will not have been described in old hands alike. – James Allison

Th e Water Garden Journal Spring 2004 45 Commercial Members

ur commercial members are Commercial members’ complete details O among the finest retail and wholesale (full address; telephone/fax; web details; sources of waterlilies and companion plants, and a key to products and services) are in- products and services. A portion of all com- cluded in our Membership Directory due to be mailed with this issue. These details are mercial membership dues go to support the also available on the ‘Commercial Members’ Research Awards program. In addition, the section on the Society’s web site, with useful categories listed after each member’s name web and Email links reached through www. indicate additional support to the Society. iwgs.org.

Member Name Contact Person City County State Country Phone Category American Aquatic Gardens Rich Sacher & Bill Dailey New Orleans LA USA 504-944-0410 Bronze

Aquaﬂ ora Vinkeveen b.v. Frank Riechelman Vinkeveen NETHERLANDS 31-297-286709 Bronze

Aquapic Solutions James Allison Cheltenham, Glos. UK 44-1242-244636 Bronze

Aqua Productions SPRL Bruno Jurdant Limal BELGIUM 32-10-411256 Gold

Aquarium Pharmaceuticals, Inc James Layton, Gary Jones Chalfont PA USA 215-822-8181 Silver

Aquascape Designs, Inc Jim Wullschleger, Melissa Lyons Batavia IL USA 630-326-1700 Platinum

Aquatics & Exotics Donna & Th omas Kiehl Largo FL USA 727-397-5532 Silver

Bee Fork Water Gardens Craig Williamson St Louis MO USA 314-962-1583 Silver

Bergen Water Gardens & Nursery Larry & Sherry Nau Churchville NY USA 585-293-1639 Bronze

Bittersweet Hill Nurseries Hildreth Morton Davidsonville MD USA 410-798-0231 Silver

Briggs Nursery Jason Hills North Attleboro MA USA 508-699-7421 Bronze

Burns Water Gardens Bob & Rowena Burns Baltimore, Ontario CANADA 905-372-2737 Bronze

Charleston Aquatic Nurseries Brian & Stuart Schuck John’s Island SC USA 843-559-3151 Gold

CreatekStone/FiberTech Norm Cloutier Southbridge MA USA 508-764-7501 Silver

Dietter’s Water Gardens Rob Dietter North Haven CT USA 203-2390128 Bronze

Emperor Aquatics Scott Paparella Pottstown PA USA 610-970-0440 Gold

Epic Plant Company Mark Denee Niagara-on-the-Lake ONT CANADA 905-468-5191 Platinum

Florida Aquatic Nurseries, Inc. Brad McLane Fort Lauderdale FL USA 954-472-5120 Platinum

Flower Barn G. Griﬃ th, T. O’Brien Johnstown PA USA 814-536-4433 Bronze

Fourth Generation Nursery Rip & Ginger Sokol Mendon MA USA 508-634-1914 Platinum

Th e Garden’s Edge Mark Willoughby York PA USA 717-747-9266 Bronze

Green & Hagstrom, Inc. Jack & Cathy Green Fairview TN USA 615-799-0708 Platinum

Green Vista Water Gardens Stephen C. Blessing Springﬁ eld OH USA 937-324-5039 Silver

Th e Growing Place Nursery & Flower Farm Kathy Th omas Naperville IL USA 630-355-4000 Bronze

Hazorea Aquatics Danny Benjamin Kibbutz Hazorea ISRAEL 972-4-9899137 Silver

Hill’s Water Garden Center John & Barbara Hill Perr ysville OH USA 419-938-7208 Bronze

Hyannis Country Garden Michael Preston Hyannis MA USA 800-352-GROW Silver

Hydrosphere Water Gardens & Fisheries Chris Dahl Bradford, Ontario CANADA 905-715-2447 Bronze

Lake Placid Water Gardens Bruce McLane Parkland FL USA 954-309-6201 Bronze

Liberty Landcrafters & Pond Plants Peggy Carney Liberty TWP OH USA 513-755-6335 Bronze

LilyBlooms Aquatic Gardens Bob & Curt Larson North Canton OH USA 330-499-6898 Silver

Th e Lily Pond Sylvia & Larry DeVisme Phoenix AZ USA 602-273-1805 Silver

Lilypons Water Gardens Richard & Margaret Koogle Buckeystown MD USA 301-874-5133 Platinum

Maryland Aquatic Nurseries Richard Schuck Jarrettsville MD USA 410-557-7615 Platinum

McDonalds Aquatic Nurseries Randy & Jill McDonald Reseda CA USA 818-345-7525 Silver

Moore Water Gardens Farley & Susan See Port Stanley, Ontario CANADA 519-782-4052

Muddy Waters Aquatic Nursery Trish & Greg Wheat Beaufort NC USA 252-728-6049 Bronze

46 Th e Water Garden Journal Spring 2004 Member Name Contact Person City County State Country Phone Category Nelson Water Gardens & Nursery, Inc. Rolf & Anita Nelson Katy TX USA 281-391-4769 Platinum

Nest Egg Farms Belinda Maynard Miami FL USA 305-251-7400 Bronze

Opal Horticulture Co. , Ltd. Suwanna & Rainer Gaide Tungkruh, Bangkok THAILAND 662-426-2591 Bronze

Oriental Aquarium (S) PTE Ltd. Eu It Hai Singapore R. O. SINGA- 65-679-37566 Silver PORE

Paciﬁ c Water Gardens Erik Gilson Molalla OR USA 503-651-3302 Silver

Paradise Water Gardens Paul W. Stetson, Sr. Whitman MA USA 800-955-0161 Bronze

Patio Garden Ponds Joe & Louise Villemarette Oklahoma City OK USA 405-634-7663 Silver

Picot Co., Inc. William Knowles Needham, MA USA 781-455-0060 Bronze

Plantabbs Products Wayne Davis Hunt Valley MD USA 410-771-1996 Gold

Th e Pond Place/Scenic Harbor Nursery Mary E. Paulsen Hoquiam WA USA 360-532-0602 Bronze

Pondbiz.com Ken Becker Woodland Hills, CA USA 818-887-7722 Bronze

Pondkeeper Magazine Roseanne Conrad Duncansville PA USA 814-695-4727 Bronze

Pontasia J.B. & Linda Philips Austin TX USA 512-258-7817 Bronze

Reimer Waterscapes Henry & Carole Reimer Tillsonburg, Ontario CANADA 519-842-6049 Silver

Roadhouse Nursery Jan & George Bahr Poulsbo WA USA 360-779-9589 Bronze

Scherer Water Gardens Bob Scherer Northport NY USA 631-261-7432 Gold

Shady Lakes Water Lily Gardens Jan Phillips Alameda NM USA 505-898-2568 Silver

Springdale Water Gardens Inc. Keith & Tish Folsom Greenville VA USA 540-337-4507 Gold

Strawn Water Gardens LLC Dean & Cindy McGee College Station TX USA 979-696-6644 Silver

Super Fresh Co., Ltd. Sujin Nopjaroenwong Bangkok THAILAND 661-816-6226 Bronze

T.H.F. Ornamentals Ruth Ann Schultze Poteet TX USA 830-742-4148 Bronze

Tilley’s Nursery, Inc./Th e Waterworks Tom & Rick Tilley Coopersburg PA USA 610-282-4784 Silver

Valley View Farms Punkey Foard, T. McQuaid Cockeysville MD USA 410-527-0700 Gold

Wallis Creek Watergarden Nola Fenech Mulbring, NSW AUSTRALIA 02-49-380230 Bronze

Wasatch Koi & Water Gardens Dennis Steed Salt Lake City UT USA 801-487-1363 Bronze

Water and Garden Creations Frank & Carole Schwartz Raleigh NC USA 919-662-7677 Bronze

Th e Water Garden Erik & Randall Tate Chattanooga TN USA 423-870-2838 Platinum

Water Garden Gems, Inc. Burt & Sally Nichols Marion TX USA 210-659-5841 Gold

Water Gardening Magazine Sue Speichert St. John IN USA 219-374-9419

Water Tropicals Katharine & Robert Lune West Palm Beach, FL USA 888-545-4374 Bronze

Water’s Edge Deb Spencer & Susan Davis Lawrence KS USA 785-841-6777 Platinum

Windy Oaks Aquatics Marilyn Buscher Eagle WI USA 262-594-3033 Bronze

Yileen Garden Co., Ltd Yuesheng Ding Nanjing, Jiangsu CHINA 86-25-888-5422 Bronze

NEW MEMBERS

Florida Pond Plants Steve Brooks Arcadia FL USA 863-491-0959 Bronze

Jim’s Water Gardening Jim Purcell & Verena Liechti Eugene OR USA 541-461-5537

Lone Star Aquatics John & Andrea Loggins College Station TX USA 979-779-6600 Bronze

Select Stone Company Deborah Fry Monclava OH USA 419-861-9600 Bronze

Shadow Valley Aquatic Plant Nursery Brion & Pat Sincaglia Red Bluﬀ CA USA 530-527-8949 Bronze

Send changes or additions to commercial (or any other) membership to: IWGS c/o Paula Biles 6828 26th St W Bradenton, FL 34207 Fax 941-756-0880 E-mail [email protected] with a copy to the journal at [email protected]

Th e Water Garden Journal Spring 2004 47 A B

CLOCKWISE FROM UPPER LEFT A T-shirt art on offer at this year’s symposium B Chiang-Mai street display of water plants, Thaliand C Waterlily painting on offer at this year’s symposium D Crystal clear bog ﬁ lter, the natural way E This year’s ‘name the lily’ candidate E C

48 Th e Water Garden Journal Spring 2004