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Cyperaceae of Puerto Rico. Arturo Gonzalez-Mas Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College

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Cyperaceae of Puerto Rico. Arturo Gonzalez-Mas Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1964 Cyperaceae of Puerto Rico. Arturo Gonzalez-mas Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Gonzalez-mas, Arturo, "Cyperaceae of Puerto Rico." (1964). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 912. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/912 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This dissertation has been 64—8802 microfilmed exactly as received GONZALEZ—MAS, Arturo, 1923- CYPERACEAE OF PUERTO RICO. Louisiana State University, Ph.D., 1964 B o ta n y University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan CYPERACEAE OF PUERTO RICO A Dissertation I' Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Botany and Plant Pathology by Arturo Gonzalez-Mas B.S., University of Puerto Rico, 1945 M.S., North Carolina State College, 1952 January, 1964 PLEASE NOTE: Not original copy. Small and unreadable print on some maps. Filmed as received. UNIVERSITY MICROFILMS, INC. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The author wishes to express his sincere gratitude to Dr. Clair A. Brown for his interest, guidance, and encouragement during the course of this investigation and for his helpful criticism in the preparation of the manuscript and illustrations. Particular appreciation is extended to Dr. S. J. P. Chilton for his encouragement. Thanks are also extended to Mr. Carlos J. Pietri and Mr. Manolo Diaz Sierra for their assistance in taking the photographs, and to Miss Myrta Ponce for her assistance in the preparation of the herbarium specimens• The following institutions and personnel have materially aided this investigation by the loan of specimens and advice; Dr. Basset Maguire, Dr. Arthur Cronquist, Dr. H- S. Irwin and Mr. Frank MacKeever, all of the New York Botanical Garden; Dr. Lyman B- Smith and Dr. Velva E- Rudd, of the Smithsonian Institution; Dr. Reed C. Collins and Dr. Lorin I. Nevling, Jr. of the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University; Dr. Ismael Velez, of the Interamerican University and Mr. Milton Cobin and Mr. Roe Woodbury of the Puerto Rico Agricultural Experiment Station. Thanks are also extended to Dr. Robert Krai, from Louisiana Polytechnic Institute, for his assistance in the verification of cer­ tain specimens identified. The writer is profoundly indebted to the University of Puerto Rico and in particular to Dr. Juan Rivero, Dean of Art and Science and Dr. Jenaro Maldonado, Director of the Biology Department, at the College of Agriculture and Mechanical Arts in Mayaguez, for sending him to undertake graduate work at Louisiana State University. Special gratitude is due to Edith, the author's wife, for her invaluable aid and loving encouragement during the course of this s t ud y . i ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENT...................................................... ii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.............................................. vi ABSTRACT............................................................. xii INTRODUCTION........................................................ 1 AREA STUDIED........................................................ 2 Location and Extent.............................................. 2 Topography and Geology ........... ..... 2 The Mountainous Region....................................... 3 The Coastal Plains R e g i o n .............. 4 The Playa Plains........................................... 5 Climate.......................................................... 6 Soils of Puerto R i c o ........................................... 7 HISTORICAL REVIEW .................................................. 14 PROCEDURE................................. 25 MORPHOLOGY OF THE CYPERACEAE....................................... 27 FAMILY DESCRIPTION.................................................. 36 KEY TO THE GENERA .................. ' . 39 1. Cyperus.......................... 41 2. Eleocharis .................................................. 147 3. Bulbostylis.................................................. 175 4. Fimbristylis................................................ 181 5. Abildgaardia................................................ 200 6. Scirpus........ .............................................. 204 7. Fuirena....................................... 209 iv Page 8. D i c h r o m e n a ...................................... 213 9. P s i l o c a r y a .............. 221 10. Rhvnchospora ............................................ 224 11. Cladlum ....................................... 268 12. Remirea ........ ......................................... 273 13. Lagenocarpus ................... 274 14. Scleria ................................... 277 15. Carex. ........................... 305 BIBLIOGRAPHY .............................. 308 VITA. ............................................................... 316 v LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1. The Geographic Regions of Puerto Rico (Map and list, after Pico 1950) ....................................... 9 2. Topographic Map of Puerto Rico (after Pico 1950)........... 10 3. Mean Annual Temperatures in Puerto Rico (Map, after Pico 1950).................................................... 11 4. Mean Annual Rainfall in Puerto Rico (Map, after Pico 1950).......... 12 5. Simplified Geologic Map of Puerto Rico (after Pico 1950)......................................................... 13 6. Inflorescence of Cyperus esculentus var. leptostachyus, showing the terminology of the various parts (after Kuekenthal 1936)............................................. 31 7. Fuirena umbellata, showing flower, stigma, perianth scale and achene (after O'Neill 1940) ............. 32 8. Fimbristylis dichotoma, showing spikelet, bract, scale and achene (after Standley and Steyermark 1958) ........... 32 9. Abildgaardia monostachya, showing flower, spikelets, bract, scale and achene (after Oliver 1875)................ 32 10. Eleocharis interstincta, showing sheath, spikelet, bristles and achene (after Clarke 1909)... .............. 32 11. Remirea maritima, showing leaf, bract, spikelet, flower and achene (after Clarke 1909)..... ............ 33 12. Cladium jamaicense, showing portion of leaf blade, bract, umbel-like panicle and achene (after Muenscher 1944)......................................................... 33 13. Scirpus validus, showing spikelet, scale, filament, bristle and achene (after Barros 1935)...................... 33 14. Bulbostylis capillaris, showing bract, spikelet, achene and tubercle (after Standley and Steyermark 1958)......................................................... 34 15. Scleria pterota, showing bract, inflorescence, portion of inflorescence, scale and achene (after Standley and Steyermark 1958) ....................... 34 vi Figure Page 16. Carex polystachya, showing portion of inflorescence, spikelet, scale and perigynium (after Standley and Steyermark 1958)................................................ 34 17. Dichromena colorata, showing bract, head, achene and tubercle (after Small 1953) ..... ....................... 34 18. Psilocarya nitens, showing plant with cymes, spikelet, scale, achene and tubercle (after Small 1953) .............. 35 19. Ehynchospora globularis var. recognita, showing bristle, achene and tubercle (after Gale 1944)........................ 35 20. Rhynchospora alba, showing bristles, achene and tubercle (after Gale 1944)... ........................................ 35 21. Lagenocarpus guianensis. showing scales and achene (after Clarke 1909)..................................................... 35 22. Cyperus alternifolius; Gonzalez-Mas 2148 (CAMA) ........... 137 23. Cyperus articulatus; Gonzalez-Mas 127 (CAMA)................ 137 24. Cyperus brevifolius; Gonzalez-Mas 534 (CAMA)................ 137 25. Cyperus compressus; Gonzalez-Mas 843 (CAMA) ................. 137 26. Cyperus confertus; Gonzalez-Mas 2112 (CAMA) ................. 138 27. Cyperus densicaespitosus; Gonzalez-Mas 500 (CAMA) .......... 138 28. Cyperus difformis; Gonzalez-Mas 2131 (CAMA). ........... 138 29. Cyperus digitatus; Danforth 15 (NY)........................... 138 30. Cyperus distans; Gonzalez-Mas 1185 (CAMA).................... 139 31. Cyperus eggersii; Velez 2799 (IAU)............................. 139 32. Cyperus elegans; Gonzalez-Mas 649 (CAMA)...................... 139 33 > Cyperus esculentus; Gonzalez-Mas 1769 (CAMA)................ 139 34. Cyperus flavescens; Britton and Britton 7534 (NY) .......... 140 35. Cyperus f lavus; Gonzalez-Mas 361 (CAMA)....................... 140 36. Cyperus fuligineus; Britton 7172 (RPS)........................ 140 37. Cyperus giganteus; Gonzalez-Mas 1140 (CAMA) ................. 140 vii Figure ! : Page 38. Cyperus globulosus; Gonzalez-Mas 1048 (CAMA). ...... 141 39. Cyperus haspan; Gonzalez-Mas 338 (CAMA). • . 141 40. Cyperus imbricatus; Gonzalez-Mas 1500 (CAMA).............. 141 41. Cyperus iria; Gonzalez-Mas 508 (CAMA)..................... 141 42. Cyperus laevigatus; Gonzalez-Mas 663 (CAMA). ..... 142 43. Cyperus ligularis; Gonzalez-Mas 620 (CAMA). ......
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