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Estudos Anatômicos De Cyperaceae (Poales) Com Ênfase Na Anatomia Kranz

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Estudos Anatômicos De Cyperaceae (Poales) Com Ênfase Na Anatomia Kranz UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA “JÚLIO DE MESQUITA FILHO” INSTITUTO DE BIOCIÊNCIAS - RIO CLARO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS BIOLOGIA VEGETAL Estudos anatômicos de Cyperaceae (Poales) com ênfase na anatomia Kranz Shirley Martins Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Biociências do Campus de Rio Claro, Universidade Estadual Paulista, como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Doutora em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Vegetal). Junho - 2012 UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA “JÚLIO DE MESQUITA FILHO” INSTITUTO DE BIOCIÊNCIAS - RIO CLARO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS BIOLOGIA VEGETAL Estudos anatômicos de Cyperaceae (Poales) com ênfase na anatomia Kranz Shirley Martins Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Vera Lucia Scatena Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Biociências do Campus de Rio Claro, Universidade Estadual Paulista, como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Doutora em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Vegetal). Junho - 2012 i Dedico Minha mãe Silvia Martins por seu exemplo de luta e superação e pelo amor incondicional. ii Agradecimentos A Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), pela bolsa concedida no primeiro ano de doutorado (Processo: 33004137) e a Fundação de Apoio a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) pela bolsa concedida nos três últimos anos de doutorado (Processo: 2008/09380-2). Ao Departamento de Botânica do Instituto de Biociências, UNESP/Rio Claro, pela infraestrutura disponibilizada para o desenvolvimento dessa pesquisa. Aos funcionários da Seção de Pós-Graduação, da Biblioteca e do Departamento de Botânica, pela ajuda e atenção, especialmente a secretária Célia Hebling e ao técnico Ari Pesce, pela atenção e amizade. Agradeço aos professores do Departamento de Botânica da UNESP/Rio Claro pelo enorme aprendizado durante as disciplinas e pelas importantes conversas científicas ou não científicas nos corredores. Aos funcionários do Centro de Microscopia Eletrônica da UNESP/Botucatu pelo auxílio e atenção, em especial a Ligia Costa e Claudete Tardivo. Ao Dr. Marccus Alves (UFPE) pelo incentivo antes e durante o doutorado, pela ajuda nas coletas, identificação das espécies, parceria e aprendizado contínuo. A Dra. Silvia Rodrigues Machado (UNESP – Botucatu) pela parceria e discussões sobre ultraestrutura. A Dra. Vera Lucia Scatena pelo enorme aprendizado sobre morfologia vegetal e sobre profissionalismo. Serei eternamente grata pela oportunidade concedida, pela paciência e por ter acreditado em mim e no meu trabalho. Aos amigos do Curso de Pós-graduação pelas discussões científicas ou não científicas, amizade e companhia em congressos, em especial a Eliana Ramos, Graziela Dias, Paulo Roberto, Henrique Tozzi, Fernando Moraes, Felipe Daibes e as meninas do Lab. de Fenologia. A todos os membros do Labotório de Morfologia Vegetal (antigos e novos) pela troca de experiências, aprendizado, paciência, amizade, companhia nas viagens de campo e alegria, especialmente a Aline Oriani, Orlando Cavalari, Odair José, Letícia Poli, Elaine Lopes, Paula Alves, Leandro Gallo, Rita Andreota, Renata Ferrari, Angela Daltin e Blanca Dugarti. iii Agradeço especialmente a Mayra Eichemberg “madrinha” (Lab. Morofologia Vegetal) e Camila Kissmann (Lab. Fisiologia Vegetal) pela amizade e companheirismo que serão eternos. Obrigada pela amizade em praticamente todas as fases do meu doutorado e pelo apoio, incentivo e alegria. Vocês são verdadeiras irmãs para mim. Agradeço imensamente aos amigos de Rio Claro que me apoiaram desde o início de minha chegada a cidade, facilitando muito minha vida longe da família e dos amigos, em especial a Regina Santana, uma verdadeira mãe que me acolheu como filha. Agradeço aos meus familiares, especialmente a minha mãe Silvia Martins, por aceitar minha decisão de mudar de cidade para crescer profissionalmente. Sei que não foi fácil esse período longe, principalmente diante de tantos acontecimentos que exigiam a minha presença. Obrigada por ser forte e sempre me incentivar a ir mais longe, correr atrás dos meus sonhos e apoiar sempre as minhas decisões. A senhora é meu exemplo de força e determinação. Te Amo. Ao meu esposo André Andrade, pelo incentivo, apoio constante e por alegrar a minha vida durante boa parte do doutorado. A paz e a tranquilidade que você me trouxe foram fundamentais para o desenvolvimento desse trabalho. Te Amo. A menos que modifiquemos nossa maneira de pensar, não seremos capazes de resolver os problemas causados pela forma como nos acostumamos a ver o mundo. (Albert Eistein) iv ÍNDICE 1. RESUMO .............................................................................................................................................01 2. ABSTRACT .........................................................................................................................................02 3. INTRODUÇÃO GERAL....................................................................................................................03 4. LITERATURA CITADA ...................................................................................................................05 CAPÍTULO 1. Developmental anatomy of Cyperus laxus (non-Nranz) and Fimbristylis dichotoma (Kranz) (Cyperaceae, Poales) and tissue continuity ..........................................................10 Abstract ....................................................................................................................................................11 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................11 Materials and methods ...........................................................................................................................12 Results ......................................................................................................................................................13 Discussion.................................................................................................................................................15 Resumo .....................................................................................................................................................19 References ................................................................................................................................................19 Figures ......................................................................................................................................................25 CAPÍTULO 2. Do leaves of Cyperoideae (Cyperaceae) have a multiple epidermis or a hypodermis? ............................................................................................................................................31 Abstract ....................................................................................................................................................32 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................32 Materials and methods ...........................................................................................................................33 Results ......................................................................................................................................................34 Discussion.................................................................................................................................................35 Conclusion ...............................................................................................................................................37 References ................................................................................................................................................38 Table .........................................................................................................................................................42 Figures ......................................................................................................................................................43 v CAPÍTULO 3. Bundle sheath ontogeny in Kranz and non-Kranz species of Cyperaceae (Poales) .....................................................................................................................................................49 Abstract ....................................................................................................................................................50 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................50 Materials and methods ...........................................................................................................................52 Results ......................................................................................................................................................52 Discussion.................................................................................................................................................55 References ................................................................................................................................................59 Tables .......................................................................................................................................................64
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