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291196 Fredrik Egefur Gränslösa rörelser för fred 1889–1914 Aktörskap, strategi och begreppsvärld hos socialistisk och liberal fredsaktivism Egefur, Fredrik 2020 Document Version: Förlagets slutgiltiga version Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Egefur, F. (2020). Gränslösa rörelser för fred 1889–1914: Aktörskap, strategi och begreppsvärld hos socialistisk och liberal fredsaktivism. (1 uppl.). Lund University (Media-Tryck). Total number of authors: 1 General rights Unless other specific re-use rights are stated the following general rights apply: Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Read more about Creative commons licenses: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. LUND UNIVERSITY PO Box 117 221 00 Lund +46 46-222 00 00 STUDIA HISTORICA LUNDENSIA Gränslösa rörelser för fred 1889–1914 – AKTÖRSKAP, STRATEGI OCH BEGREPPSVÄRLD HOS SOCIALISTISK OCH LIBERAL FREDSAKTIVISM Fredrik Egefur I denna avhandling i historia undersöker Fredrik Egefur de omfattande sociala rörelser som formades under decennierna före första världskrigets utbrott 1914 för att kämpa för fred och internationalism, mot krig och militarism. I fokus står en jämförelse mellan den liberala, eller borgerliga, fredsrörelsen med paraplyorganisationen Internationella fredsbyrån som grundades 1891 och den socialistiska och antimilitaristiska arbetarrörelsen med organisationen Andra internationalen som grundades 1889. I avhandlingen analyserar författaren dessa båda organisationers agenda och verksamhet utifrån de tre variablerna aktörskap, strategi och begreppsvärld. Inte minst belyses åtskilliga likheter mellan de båda organisationerna, som inte lyfts fram i tidigare forskning. Men han visar också varför de båda inte kunde samarbeta, ens när ett storkrig var på väg att drabba Europa. Fredrik Egefur är historiker vid Lunds universitet och knuten till Nationella forskarskolan i historia. Han är även verksam vid Arbetarrörelsens arkiv i Skåne. Gränslösa rörelser för fred 1889–1914 är hans doktorsavhandling. 9 789188 STUDIA HISTORICA LUNDENSIA 899873 HISTORISKA INSTITUTIONEN ISBN 978-91-88899-87-3 GRÄNSLÖSA RÖRELSER FÖR FRED 1889˗1914 Gränslösa rörelser för fred 1889˗1914 – aktörskap, strategi och begreppsvärld hos socialistisk och liberal fredsaktivism Fredrik Egefur STUDIA HISTORICA LUNDENSIA NR 33 Studia Historica Lundensia kan beställas via Lunds universitet: www.ht.lu.se/serie/shl e-post: [email protected] Bilden på framsidan är hämtad från den amerikanska tidskriften Puck som föreställer sig avslutningen av den stora fredskonferensen i Haag 1907. ”Illustration shows representatives from many foreign nations converging on the figure of Peace who is returning weapons to each ruler; Edward VII, King of Great Britain, Emile Loubet, and William II, Emperor of Germany are walking away with their arms full. Andrew Carnegie stands off to the left handing out sheets of paper labeled "Words & Music of the Conference". Upphovsman Carl Hassmann, tidskrift, Puck, 7 augusti, 1907. Källa: Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/pp.print Copyright Fredrik Egefur, 2020 Forskarskolan Historiska institutionen Humanistiska och teologiska fakulteterna Studia Historica Lundensia 33 ISBN 978-91-88899-87-3 (tryckt) ISBN 978-91-88899-88-0 (PDF) ISSN 1650-755X Tryckt i Sverige av Media-Tryck, Lunds universitet, Lund 2020 Till Jacob Innehållsförteckning Förord .................................................................................................................... 11 1. Inledning ............................................................................................................ 15 Utgångspunkter ................................................................................................... 15 Syfte .................................................................................................................... 17 Forskningsläge ..................................................................................................... 18 Forskning om den Internationella fredsbyrån och den borgerliga fredsrörelsen .............. 19 Forskning om internationalism ...................................................................................... 21 Forskning om sociala rörelser ........................................................................................ 23 Forskning om Andra internationalen och den antimilitaristiska rörelsen ........................ 24 Utgångspunkter ............................................................................................................ 27 Undersökningsmodell och frågeställningar ........................................................... 29 1. Aktörskapets innebörd: individ−rörelse−organisation ................................................. 29 2. Teoretiska och praktiska överväganden för fredskampen – utarbetandet av ett taktiskt ramverk ......................................................................................................................... 30 3. Krig, fred och internationalism – begreppens innebörd .............................................. 31 Disposition .......................................................................................................... 32 2. Teori och metod ................................................................................................. 33 Sociala rörelser ..................................................................................................... 34 Teoretiska utgångspunkter ............................................................................................ 34 1. Kollektivt konfrontativt handlande ........................................................................... 35 2. Täta informella nätverk ........................................................................................... 35 3. Solidaritet och kollektiv identitet .............................................................................. 36 Aktörskap ...................................................................................................................... 37 Contentious politics och repertoarer för påverkan ............................................................ 40 Skärningspunkter .......................................................................................................... 42 Begreppshistoria .................................................................................................. 43 Korsningar och maktrelationer ............................................................................. 47 Källor .................................................................................................................. 53 Den borgerliga fredsrörelsens material ........................................................................... 54 Arbetarrörelsens material ............................................................................................... 55 Komparativa studier ............................................................................................ 57 Transnationella undersökningsobjekt ................................................................... 60 Precisering av undersökningen ............................................................................. 63 Undersökningens avgränsningar .......................................................................... 64 3. Organisationernas utveckling 1889–1914 ........................................................... 67 Utsiktspunkt 1889 ............................................................................................... 67 Vetenskapliga utgångspunkter ....................................................................................... 70 Borgerlig pacifism och Internationella fredsbyrån ............................................... 71 Struktur ........................................................................................................................ 78 Medlemsbas och ideologi .............................................................................................. 80 Resurser för fredskampen .............................................................................................. 84 IFB vid tiden för krigsutbrottet ..................................................................................... 87 Socialistisk antimilitarism och Andra internationalen .......................................... 88 Struktur ........................................................................................................................ 89 Resurser för fredskamp .................................................................................................. 93 Medlemsbas och ideologi ............................................................................................ 101 AI vid tiden för krigsutbrottet ....................................................................................
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