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Journal of Wine Research Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t713436778 The concept of terroir in viticulture Cornelis Van Leeuwen; Gerard Seguin

Online Publication Date: 01 April 2006 To cite this Article: Van Leeuwen, Cornelis and Seguin, Gerard (2006) 'The concept of terroir in viticulture', Journal of Wine Research, 17:1, 1 - 10 To link to this article: DOI: 10.1080/09571260600633135 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09571260600633135

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(E-mail: France Gradignan-cedex, 33175 Sgi,18) iiutr sahmnatvt.Tehsoyo h socio-economic the socio- of history, history as The terroir of such activity. part human factors, also a are Human is techniques, vine. in oenological Viticulture and considered 1986). the viticultural be (Seguin, as with to or well have depth interaction as environment soil economics, their content, natural lime the of or of clay terms factors pebble, soil possible These of best terms content. rainfall the in temperature, mineral define wines of one terms can high-quality it Nor in growing climates, radiation. wines for that various solar fine in factors or for grown distribution), climate the and are ideal among (amount terroir the wines interactions define way quality to the high the place, impossible account very is understand given into While To a terroir. take 1988). in to to contribute (Seguin, ecosystem, essential of vine interactive is hierarchy the it an the functions, and as explain soil defined to climate, be used these including can frequently influence It is might wines. which terroir high-quality origin, of geographic concept its The and characteristics. agricultural style) an of taste, characteristics (quality, the between product relationship the with concerned is Terroir Introduction socio- when only emerges terroir are production. great supplies wine quality-orientated nitrogen However, of and establishment wines. water the white to vine favourable stony quality excessive are or not conditions high shallow economic but on produce met Regular wines, frequently to climates. red most deficit needed full dry are quality water that conditions high moderately moderate These way of in through supply. production a either soils, nitrogen the the such low vigour, For when in through vine season. or conditions achieved moderate growing stress climatic induce is the local should of terroir the end conditions and of to the environmental cultivar expression by suited soil, reached is best climate, is variety The ripeness including grapevine to interact. involved, difficult the are factors is of terroir factors these precocity However, many and terroir. because by hierarchy practices, basis explained Quality human be scientific grown. extent, are a considerable grapes on a the study to which may, in style conditions wine environmental and the to wine of attributes A 2006 January received, manuscript Revised 2005 June received, manuscript Original SEGUIN GERARD and LEEUWEN VAN CORNELIS Viticulture in Terroir of Concept The 1, No. 17, Vol. 1–10 2006, pp. Research, Wine of Journal O:10.1080/09571260600633135 DOI: online/06/010001–10 1469-9672 print/ISSN 0957-1264 ISSN Unite Leeuwen, van Cornelis BSTRACT eri sahgl motn ocp nvtcluebcuei eae h sensory the relates it because viticulture in concept important highly a is Terroir ´ eVtclue NT eBreu,1 or uGe du Cours 1, Bordeaux, de ENITA Viticulture, de # 06Isiueo atr fWine of Masters of Institute 2006 ´ ne ´ a eGul,B 201, BP Gaulle, de ral Downloaded By: [HEAL- Link Consortium] At: 11:07 9 September 2007 ie foii.SneteMdl gs iewssl nBreu ytenm of name the by Bordeaux in sold was wine Ages, Middle the Since origin. of wines Melbourne. consumption. of and inhospitable centres in Adelaide from developing and of far areas Barossa wine-growing areas, vicinity famous remote the the of and examples in wine from few via Later, vineyards very benefited growing. are cuttings although largely There wine vine sites, also for in favourable Valleys ideal more from brought Yarra far to who is the extended settlers, in climate growing growing early humid wine the by Australia, although In introduced beauty Sydney, investors. was the for Mediter- site by Valley the attractive explained and Hunter an be Montpellier it of largely vicinity makes can the emergence sea, Languedoc with ranean The the combined wine. which, in countryside, of where area the production Loup develop of Saint the vineyards Pic for new the favourable even today, of suitable conditions is Even survived, particularly context environmental wines. were socio-economic Bordeaux high-quality the Bordeaux the of around at because used production vineyard significance, cultivars the dis- the the for economic growing, and port; in vine climate) and for lost the (soil favourable port of particularly its decline not when the are with soils at vineyard the appeared The Holland. where and England Rochelle, to of La overseas, because France, wine Ages transporting of Middle of the South possibility during the the developed Rochelle vineyards from La flourishing Around Paris nine- growing. two wine to the Bordeaux, for and of wine favourable more half transport were second crisis to conditions For climatic the possible phylloxera where ripeness. in it the attain railway made after to Paris-Lyon-Marseille century of Paris difficult the teenth around part of is decreased that opening it the sharply in since when growing conditions growing wine climatic wine wine reason, However, for of this optimum 1988). hectolitres million not (Logette, 4.8 are 1820 to France in up produced ha which 24,000 capital, devel- on in French region the wine-growing (and established to flourishing wines was a close were quality Paris wine-consumption, oped Because of that growing centre disappeared. Vineyards for important locations, an favourable river. favourable, is) less was navigable consu- other, environment a while of natural survived, concentration or a the should harbour of past where vicinity a the locations the in near in beverage or arose liquid vineyards mers, a Many transporting overlooked. of be difficulty not The growing. wine for hi blt opouehg-ult ie,bcuenn ftecretycultivated currently the increase of to none varieties were because grapevine played they wines, of also of because high-quality selection Mankind varieties produce either through slopes. to steep evolution soils, ability on the poor their located in on were role they soils vines essential richer because an planted reserve or to stony, and used or farmers grazing shallow supply, and exists water and cereals vineyard agro- mineral low for no of have trees) terms drink- because olive and in (like eating terroir needs vines in nomic Because in element regions. essential Mediterranean factor an in is especially human Wine ing, mankind. the of consider intervention the to without important is It Factors Human paper. is (1983), this Lombard of environmental and scope natural Jackson the by the treated of within extensively potential not is the which wine practices point, the oenological last in and This optimise viticultural factors. to of order Mastery in prospered. in necessary has emerged is it has why vineyard and given site a given why a understanding in important be may environment 2 twsdet h rd ihEgadta odaxdvlpdtepouto of production the developed Bordeaux that England with trade the to due was It favourable are conditions socio-economic the where locations in emerge Vineyards ONLSVNLEWNADGRR SEGUIN GERARD AND LEEUWEN VAN CORNELIS ii vinifera Vitis xse nnature. in existed Downloaded By: [HEAL- Link Consortium] At: 11:07 9 September 2007 lmt n olwr o ietytknit con ntecasfiaino 85 the 1855, as of classification such the the in factors for account Me basis into terroir-related the the taken from Although directly was not wines which 1997). were prices, soil (Markham, selling and climate in 1855 hierarchy of sophisticated pro- wines classification a the among to differences avail- Qualitative led selection. was site duced knowledge efficient empirical for time enough that Apparently, at region. able that Me in vines famous with most planted today’s of Some century. eenth utvtdvn pce o ult iemkn is main wine-making The conditions. quality climatic of for range wide species a to vine adapted plant cultivated perennial a is vine The interaction vine–climate and Macroclimate Climate Environment Natural the of Factors of made bottle was production. wine a its the in when enjoyed involved know people who fruit, the the meet consumer produced and had which a bottled vines always and ago, the have visit wines centuries could Terroir Lafite agro-business. Three today’s traceability. oeno- in Trace- to issue demand. excellent meet characteristics important variety to their Branded an increased a owe be is from They can investment. ability volume year. and Their to speculative areas blending. year larger and to from processes can from logical vary grapes which prone may or which increased, wine very or sources, blending be of wines wines by cannot estate of produced terroir wines are are influence wines Examples famous these the quality. of to some wine characteristics volume make and remains specific The behaviour which their wines. vine location owe single-vineyard on specified They soil a years. and in the climate produced over are same wines the Terroir wines’. the ‘branded where vineyards, own years. their the in over grown invariable grapes remains from soil exclusively wines their produce hssget hta al stescn afo h eetet etr h olwas Me soil Bordeaux. the the in in century quality estates seventeenth wine large the in of factor half important an second be the to as thought early already as that suggests This works complete his in John visit philosopher this the to brought refers Locke This 1677. England. 358). in of 1980: became Haut-Brion (Pijassou, capital soon visit prices. Haut-Brion the higher to London, in in justifying Locke tavern wine Pessac, a of acclaimed opened wines son an other Pontac’s to de the Arnaud superior that convinced When were was He Haut-Brion century. cha of seventeenth was the name wines in own Pontac, its de others. under Arnaud than wines of means wines its ownership better sell which to produced commune, origins estate the some first of that The name acknowledged the already to was it according that varied prices Selling parish. the ntdyswn rdcin itnto hudb aebten‘eri ie’and wines’ ‘terroir between made be should distinction a production, wine today’s In nprdb h xml fCha of example the by Inspired ol oapaac,pretytesm,wsb omass good. the so and means between, no ditch by a was Mr. growing only same, at wine was the that perfectly there the soil, appearance, where that to the vineyards, me soil, in next assured particularity very think merchants the a would the in one much which Bordeaux so gravel, near is little Pontac’s a there to with but open mixed rising nothing; sand a bear white on grown a England, in in West, esteemed the much so Pontac, de vine The ´ o cha doc ´ o ewe h n ftesvnenhcnuyadteeight- the and century seventeenth the of end the between doc ˆ eu a ecniee trorwns.Teecha These wines’. ‘terroir considered be can teaux H OCP FTRORI VITICULTURE IN TERROIR OF CONCEPT THE ˆ euHu-ro,rc odaxmrhnscreated merchants Bordeaux rich Haut-Brion, teau ´ o sae eeaogtefis obe to first the among were estates doc ii vinifera Vitis ˆ euHu-ro,udrthe under Haut-Brion, teau hc a survive can which , ˆ teaux 3 Downloaded By: [HEAL- Link Consortium] At: 11:07 9 September 2007 rdc leye n abnlcmonsdrn aoatcfermentation malolactic during bacteria compounds Lactic temperatures. carbonyl low at and chardonnay acetate) place World isobutyl aldehydes takes New acetate, most fermentation isoamyl produce are (e.g. alcoholic esters examples the aromatic Good when highly grapes. lack produce they the Yeasts content), of wines. compensate acid neutrality can organic technology ripeness the low wine-making attain wines, and for aromatic easily sugar produce grapes high To Me aromas. the in specific red Although (resulting a conditions requirements. to produce these technical (chardonnay to in for reasons sauvignon con- as marketing cabernet con- climatic wine) for wine, warm style local much Burgundy-style relatively the as white in to a chosen planted produce relation were were in varieties varieties cultivars These early-ripening of ditions. cases, choice most the In to ditions. regard at with autumn. conditions, early growers cool the in is in occurs climate or grapes the summer the the because of of necessarily ripening end viti- not the the of viticulture’, because type but This climate Spain. cool, ‘cool differences in particularly called Alicante climatic generally and also huge Germany picking is despite in culture grape October, Mosel the 10 Europe, example, and in for September between, regions 10 wine-growing between traditional place takes in result, a As oti miia nweg,goeshv lne aerpnn aite uha Gre- as such According varieties wines”. late-ripening great planted Mourve of and have finesse nache growers the makes knowledge, with that empirical ripen- essences produced this quick the if to are reduces as burned wines conditions, grapes climatic grapes best the local of “the the Ribe the ing under that by ripeness of wrote achieve observed just who ripening already that 122), cultivars was grapes Quick (1960: This warmer, Peynaud summer. produced. and is wines the Gayon climate the in in the expression early where aromatic ripeness latitudes, lower attain At might ripeness. correct attaining aini h ri.Frti esn al ieigvreissc spntni,chardon- noir, grapes pinot as Unripe such varieties grapes. gewu ripening early the and accumu- reason, sugar insufficient this of nay of For result for ripeness fruit. a factor the as of levels, in limiting alcohol lation level low the with latitudes, the wines, acidic high green, is At give wines the conditions. climatic high-quality of local ripeness producing to of vines is moment the it adapt the vineyard, between same varieties. lag ripening the time latest in the two-month and grown a earliest are observe cultivars to hundred common several where (ENSAM), cultivars. among variable highly 10 of is base ripeness days full degree attain 1200 to least grapes At for needed load heat eprtrsa o s–15 as low as temperatures 4 et o ag ag fclias(ulnadShedr 98.I h ampelo- the In 1998). Supe Schneider, Nationale require- and Ecole load (Huglin the heat cultivars the of of calculated collection range has large graphic Huglin a another. for to ments cultivar some one and In from hemisphere. 35th variable southern the latitude. and between low for northern is compensate the grapes can both altitude appears high-quality on high it growing not cases, latitude, limitations, to does parallel these regions, suited conditions 50th account most equatorial the these into zone in under Taking simul- the potential. grown possible that exist oenological fruit is high stages production, viticulture a reproductive grape Although have the table plot. equatorial all for In same latitudes. especially and the high continuous in at is cultivation taneously vine vegetation on vine limitation regions, another is which vars, niserysae,NwWrdvtclueddnthv h xeineo l World Old of experience the have not did viticulture World New stages, early its In ntaiinlwn-rwn ein nErp,goeshv sdti rpryto property this used have growers Europe, in regions wine-growing traditional In rccosesfrfutrpnn sagntclydtrie rpryta shighly is that property determined genetically a is ripening fruit for Precociousness ONLSVNLEWNADGRR SEGUIN GERARD AND LEEUWEN VAN CORNELIS ¨ zrmnraegona ihlttds ootms h hne of chances the optimise to latitudes, high at grown are rztraminer ` r cle oate nSan nwre lmtsa o latitudes. low at climates warmer in Spain) in Monastrel (called dre 8 Cto–20 8 r eesr o h oteryrpnn culti- ripening early most the for necessary are C 8 dpnigo h utvr nwne.The winter. in cultivar) the on (depending C ´ iuedArnmed Montpellier de d’Agronomie rieure ´ reau- ´ doc- Downloaded By: [HEAL- Link Consortium] At: 11:07 9 September 2007 ult ie a nyb rdcdo te,suhfcn lps nBrud,the Germany, Burgundy, in In Valley Co slopes. Mosel the south-facing the in steep, produced In on topo- are produced factor. called wines be terroir is best only major it can a slope), wines ripe- grape aspect, be quality achieve to (altitude, can difficult is relief topoclimate it mesoclimatic where of ness, regions, as cool result in described the Especially be variability. is climatic can it region When wine-growing variability. a within variability Climatic when topoclimate be and can Mesoclimate variety New this regions. aromatic developing conditions. powerfully quickly cool how in are Valley shows grown Australia Yarra blanc cool Western Valley, sauvignon relatively Napa and the Zealand the Australia, in Melbourne) than In of greater Monterrey. is (north near bay region the of coastal of north the influence region and Carneros cool the the are where examples expres- good Francisco, wines California, experi- San where In historical areas, made. cooler greater be finding to can now terroir due are wine, sing only World is New of lack the this in World, type they Viticulturists Old ence. the this compounds, in terroir, in aroma expressing chardonnay”. wines occurs of but taste “anything level out but in high seek controlled, to standardisation a many is certain leads contain technology which A not wine-making during expression. do the (especially terroir when grapes climates good the warm be because in can varieties aromas. ripening) vanilla early-ripening grape gives oak from new in produced Fermentation Wines butter). like smells which diacetyl, (e.g. nteHautes-Co the In ope,bcuetesi nune iemnrlntiinadwtruptake water and nutrition mineral is vine composition grape influences and behaviour soil vine culti- on the are soil the vines because of the effect when and The complex, vigorous produced are soils. generally vines poor soils, are on rich wines deep, vated In better soils. but of variety productive, huge highly a on grown be can Vines this but for specific Soil 1991), essential through paper. Robinson, this is improved of and which scope be the Smart zone, within also not 1980; fruit can (for is the subject (Carbonneau, vigour Microclimate on management vine fruit. and canopy low quality canopy inducing high the Soils growing inside and ripening. water penetration fruit low light delay of because to low training vine instance, preferred, high area), suscepti- varieties, given early-ripening be vine Bordeaux with the increases climates, should the it warm in In although in frost. quality, ripening spring day improving to sauvignon in bility to but contribute cabernet difficulties ground, can has instance, training the vine cultivar and (for to soils a close conditions wet When cooler than climatic quickly are higher. more temperatures are up Night warm temperatures vine- do ripening. a soils) of early through stony performance and quality instance induce type the (for on soil soils impact the Dry great by a yard. induced have be can can It management. zone canopy fruit the in in variation found Microclimatic be can growing Microclimate vine but for good, soils generally fine is Burgundy. quality that of wine fact part and this the days, despite 10 by outstanding, delayed rarely is Picking ripeness. plete oee,atog hr smr olciaevtclue n,a eut more result, a as and, viticulture, cool-climate more is there although However, ˆ e,weeteattd shge,i shre o rpst ec com- reach to grapes for harder is it higher, is altitude the where tes, H OCP FTRORI VITICULTURE IN TERROIR OF CONCEPT THE ˆ edO,a prxmtl 0 bv e level. sea above m 300 approximately at d’Or, te / rntoe viaiiyfrtevns improve vines) the for availability nitrogen or 5 Downloaded By: [HEAL- Link Consortium] At: 11:07 9 September 2007 elwt h ersieefc fcvrcoso ientoe upy hc can which production supply, wine nitrogen red vine in technique on this crops of cover effect quality-improving of the effect explain depressive partly the with deal neo aiu eeso irgnfriiaino hs aaees(lee,17;Bell 1971; (Kliewer, parameters these on fertilization al. influ- the nitrogen et with of deal levels studies various Many ripening. of grape ence ripen and to yield vigour, difficult vine is influences it most where Valley, Loire import- vintages. the an high be cool in is can in as precocity zone franc climates, Vine root cabernet cool soils. the humid in deep, in factor in temperature quality low Soil ant and zone. soils shallow root and the dry in in temperature through soil and to related zone, root the in vine temperature supplies. influences water the Soil and through approach). the mineral (agronomic quality account vine into wine take the and to and necessary behaviour is soil it the viticulture, in between soil interaction the of effect the understand for To potential quality of approach map Agronomic a with region given generally a is 1989). of It Leeuwen, map Blanc). (van soil Cheval wine-growing a (Petrus, neutral equate soils to (Lafite-Rothschild), clay possible heavy soils different not a or as gravely soils Blanc) on acidic on (Cheval produced grown soils (Ausone), are gravely soils are wines top producing limestone wines area, for alkaline Bordeaux outstanding suitable the as less In world, soils. being the others, of for variety while known throughout huge are wines, However, logging, quality wines. water high to quality generally subject producing soils as such as for types, such soil known Some are classification. pedological soils, a on limestone based Entre- mapped, be the can types in Soil type rock same Pedology the on made are limestone Asteries wines region. Oligocene lesser Deux-Mers on produced while are Saint-Emilion, wines geological finest in of the variety alluvium of Quaternary large Some and a 1983). limestone (Seguin, of Oligocene sediments, sediments clay on heavy produced Oligocene origin: are wines good very 1998). Bordeaux, harder (Wilson, is ripeness it complete where attain altitudes, Portlandian higher to harder at grapes The located region. chardonnay slopes exposition plateaux, Chablis for wind-exposed east-facing good the on providing and of found marl, climate South- is and cool rock region. the limestone the for Kimmeridgian influence of compensating soft the petit and geomorphology the on famous the in based probably less on shaped is are type the relation rock limestone produce the the case, Kimmeridgian limestone this of cited on Portlandian In often planted 1989). on most are (Pomerol, vineyards example Chablis vineyards The while famous it. devel- marl, geological the on has the and all produced it between which wines where correspondence on the Chablis, good rock of is rather of quality a sort the is the and to there sediment related regions, also some is In acts type indirectly oped. Geology soil strata. The sedimentary of topography. dating on and be types rock can with deals Soils Geology zone. perspective. root agronomic Geology the an in or pedological temperature a and geological, a depth from rooting studied also but conditions, 6 mn h ieastesi upist h ie irgni biul h n that one the obviously is nitrogen vine, the to supplies soil the minerals the Among Barbeau In obvious. less is quality wine and geology between link the regions, other most In ONLSVNLEWNADGRR SEGUIN GERARD AND LEEUWEN VAN CORNELIS 99 Delas 1979; , tal. et 19a )soe htvn rcct,epcal tbdra,is budbreak, at especially precocity, vine that showed b) (1998a, tal. et 91 Spayd 1991; , tal. et 93 Spayd 1993; , tal. et 94.Ohrpapers Other 1994). , Downloaded By: [HEAL- Link Consortium] At: 11:07 9 September 2007 nwiewn rdcin hr ientoe upysol ea es oeaeto moderate Gachons true least des at not (Peyrot be is grapes should This it in supply potential content. because nitrogen aroma phenolic production vine high wine wine where obtain and production, red wine berry in white increases quality in and increases vigour parameters vine soil reduces to due vines the opnn ftroradi shgl aibedpnigo h oltp (van type soil the a on as depending considered variable be can highly a vines is As the limestone. it to active supply and of nitrogen Leeuwen presence terroir soil the of by natural moisture down of component soil slowed level and organic much pH the Soil very soil result, implemented. also aeration, is is soil cover temperature, It as soil crop content. such on or parameters depends fertilization turnover soil nitrogen matter to no relation when even in over, considerably C content, vary matter to organic soil likely is uptake nitrogen (Soyer esovos sln snihrecs o eeedfiinyatr iephysiology vine alters deficiency severe Leeuwen nor van excess by confirmed neither was as This 1983). long (Seguin, as obvious, less eut nhge rp ult oeta o e iemkn u oe yields lower but wine-making red which is for deficits, size water potential berry face quality conditions, vines water field grape when moderate unirrigated higher (Duteau increased but In are in regular 1975). phenolics a results total (Seguin, to and vines related decreased was the Haut-Me potential to neutron the a quality supply of interact of grape means soils and that by involved the studied showed are first in on was terroir factors probe uptake the terroir water moisture of Vine main effect grapevine). the the soil, understanding because (climate, in potential, factor key quality a grape Vine are area). leaf conditions soil and uptake architecture evapotranspiration), (canopy water potential system training and and (rainfall capacity) climate holding (water on depends status water Vine Conditions Uptake Water Vine eecnre nirgto rasb atesadAdro 18)adOjeda and (1988) Anderson and Matthews Leeuwen by trials al. irrigation et in confirmed were eeewtrdfii tes(ertdsGachons des (Peyrot stress deficit water severe Chone niaosuetevn sa niao fisonwtrsau.Aogphysiological Among status. water own its (Chone of potential Physiological indicator water indicators. an stem physiological as of indicators, vine means the by use or content indicators water soil in variations il.I r amdvnyrsi r ra,ecletrdwnscnb aefrom made on be can dependent wines highly red is excellent potential areas, The dry quality expression. in grape terroir vineyards modify to farmed to Only regard dry likely dilution. In with is in yield. Irrigation status result poten- regions. might water quality than dry high which ideal very with increased basis, yields in rapidly acceptable vine grapes economically per tial more in yield a result generally can also on irrigation but is phenolics deficit vine, Yield skin per phenolics and 1988). skin sugar and Anderson, sugar and of production (Matthews the only studies not terroir increases in status water vine indicate to efficient particularly (Tregoat Leeuwen be (van to proved sugar have grape on measured nation h feto te ieaso iedvlpetadgaeqaiyptnili much is potential quality grape and development vine on minerals other of effect The iewtrutk odtoscnb oioe ihrb esrn rmodelling or measuring by either monitored be can conditions uptake water Vine iewtrutk odtoscnb oie ymaso riain Irrigation irrigation. of means by modified be can conditions uptake water Vine 20) er ieigsedi nrae hnvn ae ttsi o (van low is status water vine when increased is speed ripening Berry (2002). ´ tal. et tal. et tal. et tal. et tal. et tal. et 96.Mc esdcmne nsinicltrtr stefc htvine that fact the is literature scientific in documented less Much 1996). , 01;Tregoat 2001a; , 2002). , 00.Chone 2000). , 91 a eue n eun 94 Koundouras 1994; Seguin, and Leeuwen van 1981; , 03.Aoaptnilo ht rpsmgtb erae under decreased be might grapes white of potential Aroma 2003). , ´ / H OCP FTRORI VITICULTURE IN TERROIR OF CONCEPT THE tal. et ai fsi rai atradogncmte turn- matter organic and matter organic soil of ratio N tal. et 02 a Leeuwen van 2002; , 20a hwdta iie irgnspl to supply nitrogen limited that showed (2001a) ´ tal. et ´ o Sgi,16) h aeauthor same The 1969). (Seguin, doc 01)adcro stp discrimi- isotope carbon and 2001b) , tal. et tal. et 2005). , 01 Gaudille 2001; , tal. et tal. et (2004). tal. et 04.Teeeffects These 2004). , 2005). , ` re tal. et tal. et 2002), , 1999; , 7 Downloaded By: [HEAL- Link Consortium] At: 11:07 9 September 2007 C D C B C B iiigfco sml ae ect ihrbcueteciaei r hg ET (high dry increases is is climate this and the performance, production size because quality either wine berry high deficit, their red and water for mild vigour for known is terroirs vine quality factor most limiting reduces grape In factor phenolics. High skin limiting summer. grape a in the place when take of not obtained does part ripening grape var- that warmest late-ripening so and climates, the ripeness, warmer full in obtain varieties chosen to be Early-ripening growing order should the hemisphere). in ieties of climates, northern cool end the in the in chosen at be September fruit should of its pre- end ripen the the to when it (at viticulture, allows season cool-climate variety in grapevine obtained the of is cociousness terroir of expression highest The Conclusions areas. which mild, dry is in deficit higher irrigation water For when deficit low. obtained very through are is obtained quality yield be of the terms might as in long results as best vines, the stressed yield, water severely on grown fruit 8 B References proofreading. for Harding Julia thank We nitrogen negatively Acknowledgements and can quality water stress a severe production, because be wine moderate, also least white can at potential. aroma be parameters For grape should of soil affect production. vines because of the wine or to result or supply content red stony a Soil either pebble as in are low. high supply soils factor is viticultural of nitrogen capacity potential Low because quality holding high shallow. low water Hence, be depth. soil soil can the reduced capacity because or holding rainfall) water low moderately or ELL ARBEAU ARBEAU HONE HONE ARBONNEAU ELAS ONLSVNLEWNADGRR SEGUIN GERARD AND LEEUWEN VAN CORNELIS . O A., , og n Viticulture and lolgy oeta sasniieidctrfrgaeiewtrstatus, water grapevine for indicator sensitive a is potential emnain n ieqaiyo irgnfriiainon fertilization nitrogen grapevines, of seedless quality wine and fermentation, erise a eLieslnu nied pre de indice un selon Loire de l’O.I.V. Val en terroirs el in tcmoiindsbisd iesce divers de baies des Viticole composition et vigne la de h nentoa ypsu nNtoe nGae n Wines and Grapes in Nitrogen Viticulture. and on Enology Symposium International the neo ae ttsadntoe ttso o riae aentSuinn( Sauvignon Cabernet irrigated non of status nitrogen and status vinifera water on ence umcolmte el lneentie plante la de et microclimat du The h il n ult fteco of crop the of quality and yield the . M J., , ´ ´ X., , X., , . 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