LORDS OF THE LAND, LORDS OF THE SEA VERHANDELINGEN VAN HET KONINKLIJK INSTITUUT VOOR TAAL-, LAND- EN VOLKENKUNDE 273 HANS HÄGERDAL LORDS OF THE LAND, LORDS OF THE SEA Conflict and adaptation in early colonial Timor, 1600-1800 KITLV Press Leiden 2012 Published by: KITLV Press Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde (Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies) P.O. Box 9515 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands website: www.kitlv.nl e-mail:
[email protected] KITLV is an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) [LOGO KNAW] Cover: Creja ontwerpen ISBN 978 90 6718 378 9 © 2012 Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde KITLV Press applies the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/) to selected books, published in or after January 2011. Authors retain ownership of their copyright, but they permit anyone unrestricted use and distribution within the terms of this license. Printed editions manufactured in the Netherlands Contents list of maps, figures, tables and illustrations ix preface xi 1 timor and historical research 1 2 the first contacts 15 Early reports 15 The Solor connection 21 Missionary activity on Timor 29 Arrival of the Dutch 33 The hunt for sandalwood 41 3 traditional forms of power 51 Tantalizing shreds of evidence 51 Chiefs or kings? 52 Wehali – the centre 60 Sonbai 68 The elusive eastern liurai 77 4 establishments and clashes, 1641-1658 83 Makassarese inroads, Portuguese