Pahlawan-Pahlawan Suku Timor

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Pahlawan-Pahlawan Suku Timor TIDAK DIPERJUALBELIKAN Proyek Bahan Pustaka Lokal Konten Berbasis Etnis Nusantara Perpustakaan Nasional, 2011 PAHLAWAN-PAHLAWAN SUKU TIMOR oleh I.H. DOKO Perpustakaan Nasional Balai Pustaka R e p u b l i k I n d o n e s i a Penerbit dan Percetakan PN BALAI PUSTAKA BPNo. 2847 Hak pengarang dilindungi Undang-undang Cetakan pertama 1981 Gambar kulit: B.L. Bambang Prasodjo. KATAPENGANTAR Bahwa perjuangan menentang kaum penjajah di Timor sudah ada sejak bangsa asing berusaha berkuasa di bagian Tanah Air kita ini, mungkin belum banyak yang mengetahuinya. Bacaan yang memperkenalkan para pahlawan bangsa kita yang ada di wilayah ini dapat dikatakan tidak ada. Kalau pun ada mungkin hanya terbatas di Pulau Timor dan sekitarnya saja. Kami sajikan pada kesempatan ini episode-episode perjuangan para pahlawan kita di Timor dan dilengkapi pula dengan ilustrasi-ilustrasi historis. Kami yakin bacaan ini akan sangat besar artinya bagi para remaja dan masyarakat umumnya di seluruh Tanah Air kita. Taktik serta strategi perjuangan dapat berbeda-beda, tetapi yang jelas sama ialah: Setiap suku bangsa kita sejak dulu menolak segala bentuk penjajahan oleh siapa pun. PN Balai Pustaka PENDAHULUAN Ahli sejarah J. Toynbcc menyatakan bahwa dengan mempelajari jalan sejarah, kita akan lebih memahami keadaan kita sekarang dan masalah kita yang akan datang. Memang tepat sekali ucapan itu, karena tidak ada hari esok tanpa melalui hari ini dan demikian pula tidak ada hari ini tanpa melewati hari kemarin. Di dorong oleh keyakinan inilah, maka buku mengenai "Para Pahlawan Suku Timor" ini disusun sebagai bahan bacaan untuk masyarakat umum, khususnya untuk para siswa dan pemuda bangsa kita di daerah Nusa Tenggara Timur, yang pasti ingin lebih banyak mengetahui tentang kisah kehidupan dan perjuangan tokoh-tokoh di daerahnya, sebagai bagian mutlak dari perjuangan Bangsa Indonesia dalam mencapai Kemerdekaan Tanah Air dan Bangsa. Bahan-bahan mengenai Sonbai, tokoh utama pejuang fisik suku Timor ini, selain diangkat dari tulisan beberapa ahli sejarah bangsa Barat, se- perti G. Heimering, Prof. P.J. Veth, Dr. S. Muller, dan dari Memori yang ditulis oleh beberapa Anggota Pamong Praja Hindia Belanda antara lain Prof. H.G. Schulte Nordholt, adalah hasil wawancara dan catatan dari cerita dan mithos rakyat, yang masih banyak hidup dan beredar di desa- desa hampir di seluruh Pulau Timor. Demikian juga mengenai sejarah perjuangan Bill Nope, Raja Kerajaan Amanuban. Bahan-bahan ini diperoleh dari rakyat Aminuban dan dari anak cucunya yang masih dapat menceritakan dengan penuh rasa bangga, sejarah perjuangan Bill Nope dalam perang Niki-N'ki itu. Sedang mengenai H.A Koroh. tokoh pejuang politik Suku Timor pada pertengahan abad XX ini, bahan-bahannya kebanyakan merupakan catatan hasil pengalaman pribadi penyusun sendiri, yang selama ber- tahun-tahun hidup dan bergaul secara akrab deangan tokoh tersebut, ditambah dan dilengkapi dengan bahan-bahan yang diperoleh dari lingkungan keluarga almarhum, yang masih menjadi penghuni kota Kupang sekarang ini. Sebagai sebuah Negara Kepulaan yang besar dengan ribuan pulaunya yang terpisah satu sama lain oleh lautan yang besar dan kecil, pada masa lalu setiap pulau ataupun daerahnya telah berkembang dengan sejarah masing-masing yang berbeda-beda. Dari sejarah ini ada yang pernah ditulis, tetapi banyak sekali yang terpendam dan hanya tetap hidup dan dimunculkan dalam mithos serta cerita-cerita rakyat. Maka untuk dapat mengenal dan mencintai ber- bagai daerah yang merupakan bagian mutlak dari Tanah Air Indonesia kita yang tercinta ini, menjadi kewajiban kita untuk dengan tekun meng- gali dan mengumpulkan cerita dan sejarah perkembangan dan perjuangan setiap daenh itu. Tentu dengan nama-nama tokoh-tokoh pelakunya guna disumbangkan sebagai unsur penting dalam penyusun- an sejarah nasional kita. Sejarah perjuangan Kaisar Sobe Sonbai III dari dinasti Sonbai yang terkenal di Pulau Timor, demikian juga sejarah perjuangan Bill Nope yang dengan mati-matian mempertahankan wilayah kerajaannya terhadap rongrongan kaum penjajah, baru saja berlalu beberapa puluh tahun. Pedalaman Pulau Timor baru pada tahun 1915 dapat ditenangkan dan diamankan segera menyeluruh oleh kaum penjajah Belanda. Generasi masa peluangan itu masih dapat dijumpai di sana- sini. Mereka dapat mengisahkan betapa hebatnya peluangan yang dila- kukan oleh Kaisar Sobe Sonbai III dan oleh Raja Bill Nope melawan kaum penjajah. Mungkin sekali oleh para pembaca akan dijumpai hal-hal yang agak berbeda dari tulisan-tulisan yang pernah dibaca, ataupun didengar dari cerita-cerita yang lain. Hal demikian merupakan soal biasa. Dalam ilmu sejarah memang sering terjadi, orang yang satu mempunyai pendapat yang berbeda dari yang lain, apalagi kalau penulisan itu berasal dari kaum penjajah yang mencap setiap tokoh perjuangan bangsa kita seba- gai pengacau, perusuh, dan pemberontak. Semoga buku para "Pahlawan Suku Timor" ini akan dapat mem- bangkitkan minat dan semangat para sejarawan khususnya para lulusan Fakulatas Keguruan Jurusan Sejarah pada Universitas Nusa Cendana di Kupang, untuk terus menerus menggali dan lebih banyak mengumpulkan data asli yang dapat berbicara tentang tokoh dan peristiwa dalam sejarah Tanah Air dan Bangsa kita di Pulau Timor ini. 7 Apalagi dengan mengetahui, bahwa sebuah patung Sonbai yang gagah perkasa itu telah terpancang dengan megahnya di pusat kota Kupang sekarang ini. Sedang jasad almarhum H.A. Koroh yang telah ditetapkan sebagi pahlawan daerah, telah dimakamkan kembali di Dharma Loka Kota Kupang. Sudah tentu tulisan senantiasa bersedia menantikan saran dan petunjuk serta kecaman dari mereka yang lebih ahli dan berhasil lebih banyak mendapatkan data asli. Hal itu perlu mendekatkan tulisan ini kepada keadaan yang lebih sesungguhnya. Dengan demikian, kiranya dapatlah segala bahan ini dijadikan sebahagian dari sejarah peluangan nasional Bangsa Insonesia. Penulis DAFTAR ISI Halaman Kata Pengantar dari Penerbit Pendahuluan dari penulis Peta propinsi DATI I Nusa Tenggara Timur I. TOKOH SOBE SONDAI III, KAISAR OENAM-(E) DARI DINASTI SONBAI (PEJUANG FISIK) 1. Asal mula nama Sonbai 11 2. Mithos tentang kedatangan Liurai Sonbai dari Belu 13 3. Masa Jaya Sonbai "Let ais am Bijela 17 4. Sonbai "Kauniki" penentang kaum penjajah 20 5. Kaisar Sobe Sonbai III dikucilkan 25 6. Kaisar Sobe Sonbai III ditangkap secara tipu muslihat .... 28 II. PAHLAWAN BILL NOPE, TOKOH DALAM PERANG NIKI-NIKI (TIMOR TENGAH SELATAN) 1907-1909 1. Pendahuluan 32 2. Asal mula pertikaian 33 3. Pecahnya Perang Niki-Niki 35 4. Gugurnya Bill Nope secara Ksatria 37 III. TOKOH H.A. KOROH, RAJA AMARASI DARI DINASTI NAI NAFI RASI (PEJUANG POLITIK) 1. Memerintah adalah melihat jauh ke depan 40 2. Masa pendudukan Jepang 47 3. Ke Konferensi Malino sebagai Utusan PDI (TIMOR) 50 4. Mempersatukan para raja dalam perjuangan kemerdekaan 52 5. Perjuangan membentuk Negara Kesatuan 56 6. Dipilih sebagai Kepala Daerah/Ketua DPD pertama dari Daerah Timor 69 PNRI PETA WILAYAH KEGIATAN KETIGA TOKOH PAHLAWAN PNRI L TOKOH SOBE SONBAI KAISAR OENAM [E] DARI DINASTI SONBAI [PEJUANG FISIK] 1. Asal mula nama Sonbai Seperti halnya dengan bangsa-bangsa atau suku-suku bangsa lain, suku Timor pun mengenal pahlawan-pahlawannya. Terutama para pahlawan kemerdekaan, yaitu putra-putra Timor yang berjuang mati-matian, turut seta mengusir penjajah dari tanah air kita. Tercatat pahlawan-pahlawan Sonbai dalam sejarah peijuangan fisik melawan penjajah Portugis dan Belanda di Timor, tokoh-tokoh bangsa- wan kenamaan dari dinasti Sonbai. Jauh sebelum kedatangan orang-orang Portugis dan Belanda di sebelah barat dan selatan Pulau Timor, Liurai Sonbai merupakan penguasa yang paling berkuasa atas semua raja-raja di sebelah barat Pulau Timor. Oleh beberapa penulis Penulisan pada Monumen Pahlawan Sonbai. PNRI Belanda diungkapkan antara lain bahwa semua kerajaan yang berada di dalam lingkungan kekuasaannya, "Seolah-olah terbang memenuhi segala keinginan Kaisar Besar itu dan mematuhi segala titah perintah- nya dengan ketaatan seorang hamba." Terdapat banyak tafsiran mengenai Sonbai ini. Orang-orang Belanda sering menyebutnya "Sonnebait", Sonbait, Sonbai, dan lain-lain. Menurut ucapan rakyat, ia harus ditulis Sonba 'i, tapi untuk mem- permudah cara menulis dan mengucapkannya, kita mempergunakan sebutan "Sonbai". Salah satu tafsiran yang diungkapkan dalam cerita-cerita rakyat, ialah bahwa Sonbai berasal dari perkataan-perkataan "sonaf' (istana) dan "ba 'i" (palungan). Menurut penjelasan, Sonbai itu berasal dari Belu Selatan, yakni dari keturunan pengungsi Melayu yang datang dari semenanjung Malaka. Ia mendirikan "Sonafnya" menurut model rumah Minangkabau. Oleh karena atap runah itu berbentuk palungan, maka istana itu dinamakan "Sonaf Ba'i" (istana palungan) dan kemudian dialihkan menjadi gelar penghuninya Sonba'i atau Sonbai. Tafsiran lain yang kita dengar dari cerita-cerita rakyat mengungkapkan, bahwa menurut cerita rakyat di Mollo, Liurai yang pertama datang dari Wehale, bernama "Nai Laban". Dari nama inilah berasal sebutan " Dawan" oleh orang-orang Tetun (Belu) terhadap rakyat Nai Laban, sampai sekarang. Nai Laban ini belum bergelar Sonbai. Liurai yang kedua adalah Nai Nati. Pada zaman Nai Nati inilah datang dua orang pembantunya dari Belu, yaitu Fai Belek dan Iuf Belek yang kemudian berganti nama menjadi Kono leluhur raja kerajaan Miomafo di Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara dan OEmatan leluhur raja kerajaan Molo, di kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan. Juga Nai Nati belum bergelar Sonbai. Liurai ketiga bernama Nai Faluk. Ia pun belum bergelar Sonbai. Liurai berikut bernama
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