Protests Held in Iran Against Saudi Arabia

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Protests Held in Iran Against Saudi Arabia INTERNATIONAL SATURDAY, JANUARY 9, 2016 Two refugees arrested in US over IS links LOS ANGELES: US authorities said two peo- affiliate Ansar al-Islam (Partisans of Islam), citizenship or naturalization unlawfully and From Refugee to Radical ple with ties to the Islamic State group were which previously operated under its own making false statements. Hardan, who lives in Houston, was due in court yesterday in California and banner in Iraq and Syria. Listed as a terrorist Texas Governor Greg Abbott and other granted legal permanent resident status Texas, including a refugee from Syria organization by the United Nations and the local officials said Hardan’s arrest backed in 2011, two years after entering the accused of returning there to fight alongside US, its Iraqi faction has since merged with their calls for a refugee ban. “This is precisely United States. According to the indict- IS. The arrests come amid heightened securi- the Islamic State group, though some of its why I called for a halt to refugees entering ment, he provided training, expert advice ty in the United States following last month’s Syrian fighters rejected IS. US Attorney the US from countries substantially con- and assistance to IS. He also lied on his assault by a radicalized Muslim couple in Benjamin Wagner was careful to stress that trolled by terrorists,” he said. The state’s formal application to become a natural- California that left 14 people dead and the “while (Jayab) represented a potential safety Attorney General Ken Paxton called the ized US citizen, saying he was not associa- November terror attacks in Paris. The attacks threat, there is no indication that he planned arrest a “troubling revelation,” using the tion with a terror group despite having added to pressure for more scrutiny of any acts of terrorism in this country”. occasion to take a swipe at President Barack been associated with IS members and refugees from war-ravaged Syria. Another Iraqi-born Palestinian, Omar Obama. “The arrest in Houston of an Iraqi sympathizers throughout 2014. During an Aws Mohammed Younis Al-Jayab, an Faraj Saeed Al Hardan, was indicted refugee for suspicion of terrorist activities is a Oct 2015 interview, Hardan is also said to Iraqi-born Palestinian arrested Thursday Wednesday in Texas for providing material troubling revelation - especially in light of have falsely claimed he had never who came to the United States from Syria as support to the IS group. He is due to make the president’s insistence on placing further received weapons training of any kind a refugee in 2012, traveled to Syria the fol- an initial court appearance yesterday. refugees in Texas,” he said. “My office will when he had in fact learned to use lowing year where he fought for various ter- Hardan, 24, was charged with one count continue to press for the right of Texans to machine guns. He faces up to 53 years in ror groups, according to a criminal com- each of attempting to provide material sup- ensure that terrorists are not being placed in prison and a $250,000 fine if convicted on plaint. One of those groups was Al-Qaeda port to ISIL (Islamic State), procurement of our communities.” all charges. — AFP Princess Ashraf, shah’s twin sister, dies aged 96 DUBAI: Iranian Princess Ashraf Pahlavi, the twin sister of the country’s deposed shah whose glamorous life epitomized the excesses of her brother’s rule, has died after decades in exile. She was 96. Many in Iran before the country’s 1979 Islamic Revolution believed Princess Ashraf served as the true power behind her brother, Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, and pushed him into taking power in a 1953 coup engineered by the US. Immortalized in her royal prime by an Andy Warhol portrait with bright red lips and raven-black hair, Princess Ashraf’s years out of power more resembled a Shakespearean tragedy. Assassins killed her son on a Paris street just after the Islamic Revolution, her twin brother died of cancer shortly after, while a niece died of a 2001 drug over- dose in London and a nephew killed himself in Boston 10 years later. Still, she always defended her brother’s rule and held onto her royal past. “At night, when I go into my room, that’s when all the thoughts come flooding in,” the princess told AP in a 1983 interview in Paris. “I stay up until 5 or 6 in the morning. I read, I watch a cassette, I try not to think. But the memories won’t leave you.” Reza Pahlavi, a son of the shah, announced his aunt’s death in a Facebook post on Thursday night. Her personal website said she died Thursday, without elaborating. A longtime adviser to Princess Ashraf in New York could not be immediately reached for comment yesterday. In Iran, local media reported her death relying on international reports. State television reported she died in Monte Carlo and described her as being famous for being corrupt. Born Oct 26, 1919, ISLAMABAD: Pakistani Sunni Muslims shout slogans during a protest yesterday against Iran and in support of Saudi Princess Ashraf was the daughter of the monarch Reza Shah, who Arabia. — AFP came to power in a 1921 coup engineered by Britain and later was forced to abdicate the throne after a 1941 invasion by Britain and Russia. By 1953, America helped orchestrate the coup that overthrew Protests held in Iran Iran’s popularly elected prime minister, Mohammad Mossadegh, over fears he was tilting toward the Soviet Union. That brought her brother to power and set the stage for decades of mistrust between against Saudi Arabia the countries. — AP Row smolders between rivals TEHRAN: Anti-Saudi demonstrators took to of anger across the Shiite world. Relations news agency IRNA. Nimr was executed along the streets of Tehran yesterday to protest between the longtime adversaries hit a fresh with 46 other prisoners that Riyadh said were Riyadh’s execution of a prominent Shiite cler- low Thursday when Iran accused Saudi war- “terrorists”. ic and after Iran accused its rival of bombing planes of deliberately targeting its embassy In response, protesters in Iran stormed its embassy in Yemen. The festering diplo- in Sanaa, damaging the property and seri- and set fire to the Saudi embassy in Tehran matic crisis between the Middle East’s lead- ously wounding a security guard. The and consulate in the second city of Mashhad. ing Sunni and Shiite Muslim powers has Yemeni conflict, which pits the rebels known Iran denounced those attacks, but the reper- raised sectarian tensions across the region as Houthis against pro-government forces cussions quickly rippled across the region and complicated efforts to resolve conflicts backed by Riyadh and other Gulf Arab states, with Saudi allies Bahrain, Djibouti, Somalia in Syria and Yemen. In a development that is one of the main sources of dispute and Sudan also cutting diplomatic ties with could further strain relations, Saudi media between Saudi Arabia and Iran. Tehran. At the same time, the United Arab reported yesterday that four Iranians would Emirates has downgraded relations with Iran, go on trial in the kingdom, one for spying ‘Crimes against Muslims’ while Kuwait and Qatar have recalled their and the other three for “terrorism”. During weekly prayers in Tehran, influen- ambassadors. Iran hit back Thursday by Around 1,000 protestors marched tial cleric Ayatollah Mohammad Emami announcing a ban on imports from the king- through Tehran chanting “death to America” Kashani told worshippers that Riyadh, along dom, which will reportedly affect goods and “death to Israel”, frequent rallying cries at with Israel and the United States, was respon- worth about $40 million. The latest crisis demonstrations in Iran. Some carried plac- sible for “all crimes committed against threatens a fragile UN-backed initiative to ards with the picture of Nimr Al-Nimr, the Muslims”. “The Zionist regime plans, the US end the war in Yemen, where the world body NEW YORK: In this April 17, 1980 file photo, Ashraf Shiite cleric and activist whose execution by supports and Saudi Arabia sources the neces- says at least 2,795 civilians have been killed Pahlavi, twin sister of the deposed Shah of Iran, is inter- Saudi Arabia on Saturday unleashed a wave sary funds,” Kashani said, according to state since March. — AFP viewed for ABC-TV’s “Good Morning America”. — AP .
Recommended publications
  • Study of the Divorce of Mohammad Reza Shah with Soraya Bakhtiari
    WALIA journal 30(1): 128-130, 2014 Available online at www.Waliaj.com ISSN 1026-3861 © 2014 WALIA Study of the divorce of Mohammad Reza Shah with Soraya Bakhtiari Hatam Mosaei *, Danesh Abasi Shehni, Hasan Mozafari Babadi, Saeed Bahari Babadi Department of History, Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar Branch, Iran Abstract: One of the key factors that led to the separation of Soraya, Mohammad Reza Shah was of another. Soraya inability to get pregnant and give birth to a succession of Crown Prince Mohammad Reza, Pahlavi series to the throne hereditary monarchy to maintain. The great rivalries of the 23 Persian date March 14, 1958 we were separated. Key words: Soraya Bakhtiari; Mohammad Reza Shah 1. Introduction December 1954 Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi and Soraya launched a three-month trip to America and * After August 28 at 1953 coup and overthrow Europe, Advisors and specialists in a hospital in New Mosaddegh. Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi was able York who had infertility, Soraya was examined, after to restore the absolute monarchy, After a while the numerous experiments and concluded, and Soraya is King and Queen Soraya decided to travel to America the problem of infertility, After some rest and leisure and Europe, Work has already begun planning the and to avoid apprehension and concern in recent ambush had happened, but his work ,In the years will be charged. Some believe that the visit of November 1954. Shah poor Ali Reza only brother the Shah and Soraya in Boston Services Shah Reza. According to the constitution and the gynecological consultation with the physicians mother of his brother Shah Qajar.
    [Show full text]
  • UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Mosaics of Identity: Reading Muslim Women's Memoirs from Across the Diaspora Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/31k7n070 Author Pazargadi, Leila Publication Date 2012 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Mosaics of Identity: Reading Muslim Women’s Memoirs from Across the Diaspora A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Comparative Literature by Leila Pazargadi 2012 © Copyright by Leila Pazargadi 2012 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Mosaics of Identity: Reading Muslim Women’s Memoirs from Across the Diaspora by Leila Pazargadi Doctor of Philosophy in Comparative Literature University of California, Los Angeles, 2012 Professor Nasrin Rahimieh, Co-chair Professor Jenny Sharpe, Co-chair Mosaics of Identity: Reading Muslim Women's Memoirs From Across the Diaspora addresses Muslim women’s life writing in transit since 9/11. This project follows the memoir boom fueled by many Middle Eastern women writers publishing in the U.S., Australia and Europe. By studying contemporary Arab and Iranian women’s memoirs and autobiofictional works, this project investigates the expression of life writers who are trying to influence their local and global communities through the form of the confessional. This research project focuses on modes of self-representation in Middle Eastern women’s personal narratives, paying careful attention to the narrative strategies they use to negotiate art and meaning within memoir. ii The first chapter, entitled, “True Lies: Reviving Orientalism in Honor-Killing Hoaxes” argues that the two so-called “honor killing” memoirs, Forbidden Love and Burned Alive, were successfully believed as genuine memoirs for over two years, despite the fact that they were hoaxes, because of the political post-9/11 climate resurrecting Orientalist attitudes about the Middle East.
    [Show full text]
  • Iranian Espionage in the United States and the Anti-SAVAK Campaign (1970-1979)
    The Shah’s “Fatherly Eye” Iranian Espionage in the United States and the Anti-SAVAK Campaign (1970-1979) Eitan Meisels Undergraduate Senior Thesis Department of History Columbia University 13 April 2020 Thesis Instructor: Elisheva Carlebach Second Reader: Paul Chamberlin Meisels 2 Table of Contents Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 5 Historiography, Sources, and Methods ......................................................................................... 12 Chapter 1: Roots of the Anti-SAVAK Campaign ......................................................................... 14 Domestic Unrest in Iran ............................................................................................................ 14 What Did SAVAK Aim to Accomplish? .................................................................................. 19 Chapter 2: The First Phase of the Anti-SAVAK Campaign (1970-1974) .................................... 21 Federal Suspicions Stir ............................................................................................................. 21 Counterintelligence to Campaign ............................................................................................. 24 Chapter 3: The Anti-SAVAK Campaign Expands (1975-1976) .................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Historical Relationship Between Women's Education and Women's
    The Historical Relationship between Women’s Education and Women’s Activism in Iran Somayyeh Mottaghi The University of York, UK Abstract This paper focuses on the historical relationship between women’s education and women’s activism in Iran. The available literature shows that education is consid- ered to be one important factor for Iranian women’s activism. The historical anal- ysis of women’s demand for education helps us to gain an understanding of the past in order to relate it to the future. This paper analyzes Iranian women’s active participation in education throughout the Safavid period (1501-1722) and the Qajar period (1794-1925). Women’s demand for education continued into the twentieth century and by the time of the constitutional revolution (1905-1911), during which Iranian women participated immensely in political affairs, the alliance of elite and non-elite women was clearly visible around educational issues. Women’s demand for education gained particular visibility; however, the focus shifted from modernization based on Westernization during the Pahlavi period (1925-1979), towards Islamization from 1979 onwards. This paper analyzes the ways in which, during different eras, women have been treated differently regard- ing their rights to education and at some points they faced difficulties even in exercising them; therefore, they had to constantly express their demands. Key words Iran, Education, Women’s movement, Historical perspective Introduction The historical analysis of women’s activism in Iran shows that educa- tion has always been considered an important factor for Iranian women and something that they have always demanded. The right to education is non-negotiable, embedded in the teaching of Islam as well as in hu- ㅣ4 ❙ Somayyeh Mottaghi man rights provisions.
    [Show full text]
  • Notes and Documents - United Nations Centre Against Apartheid, No
    Notes and Documents - United Nations Centre Against Apartheid, No. 8/70 http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.SFF.DOCUMENT.nuun1970_06 Use of the Aluka digital library is subject to Aluka’s Terms and Conditions, available at http://www.aluka.org/page/about/termsConditions.jsp. By using Aluka, you agree that you have read and will abide by the Terms and Conditions. Among other things, the Terms and Conditions provide that the content in the Aluka digital library is only for personal, non-commercial use by authorized users of Aluka in connection with research, scholarship, and education. The content in the Aluka digital library is subject to copyright, with the exception of certain governmental works and very old materials that may be in the public domain under applicable law. Permission must be sought from Aluka and/or the applicable copyright holder in connection with any duplication or distribution of these materials where required by applicable law. Aluka is a not-for-profit initiative dedicated to creating and preserving a digital archive of materials about and from the developing world. For more information about Aluka, please see http://www.aluka.org Notes and Documents - United Nations Centre Against Apartheid, No. 8/70 Alternative title Notes and Documents - United Nations Centre Against ApartheidNo. 8/70 Author/Creator United Nations Centre against Apartheid Publisher Department of Political and Security Council Affairs Date 1970-04-00 Resource type Reports Language English Subject Coverage (spatial) South Africa, Sweden, Iran, Islamic Republic of, Somalia Coverage (temporal) 1970 Source Northwestern University Libraries Description Address by the Secretary-General, U Thant; Address by Princess Ashraf Pahlavi (Iran), Chairman of the Commission on Human Rights Address by Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • One Revolution Or Two? the Iranian Revolution and the Islamic Republic
    ONE REVOLUTION OR TWO? THE IRANIAN REVOLUTION AND THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC By Val Moghadam Introduction The bicentennial of the French Revolution happens to coincide with the tenth anniversary of the Iranian Revolution. While the first has been widely regarded as the quintessential social and transformative revolution, the sec- ond is problematical both theoretically and politically. Whereas the October Revolution was in many ways the vanguard revolution par excellence, the Iranian Revolution appears retrograde. In the Marxist view, revolution is an essential part of the forward march of history, a progressive step creating new social-productive relations as well as a new political system, consciousness and values. In this context, how might events in Iran be termed 'revolutionary'? Precisely what kind of a revolution transpired between 1977 and 1979 (and afterward)? Surely clerical rule cannot be regarded as progressive? In what sense, then, can we regard the Iranian Revolution as a step forward in the struggle for emancipation of the Iranian working classes? Clearly the Iranian Revolution presents itself as an anomaly. The major revolutions that have been observed and theorized are catego- rized by Marxists as bourgeois or socialist revolutions.1 This is determined by the revolution's ideology, leadership, programme, class base and orientation, and by changes in the social structure following the change of regime. Fur- ther, there is a relationship between modernity and revolution, as discussed by Marx and Engels in The Communist Manifesto, suggested by Marshall Berman in his engaging All That Is Solid Melts Into Air, and elaborated by Perry Anderson in a recent essay .2 Some academic theorists of revolution and social change (Banington Moore, Theda Skocpol, Charles Tilly, Ellen Kay Trimberger, Susan Eckstein, taking their cue from Marx) have stressed the modernizing role played by revolutions.
    [Show full text]
  • Peking Review, No.' 17
    ffffi L7 April 23, l97l n'Gombine Theory 0f Two lnto 0lre" ls eh Reaetionary Phllosophy for Restoring Capitalism 4" Koreon People's Stnuggle for Unificction of Fstherlond wil! \Min {e "Renmin Riboo" editoriol China's Cotton Output in Great Cultural ,W Revolution Hits a New Record Y/ 0uotalioms From te,nin Marx's philosophy is a consummare phi- losophical matetiaLism which has provided mankind, 'and es,pecially the working class, with powerful instruments of knowledge. fa:D Y-, The splitting of a sir"gle whole and the.cog- :' nition' of its, contradictory part$ is the, e $sence : of dialectics. v- E"ffiE WEEK Cqmbodion New Yeor's Doy Congress Kuo Mo-jo'met the distin- the Chinese people har,'e always fol- Bonquet guished Iranian guests the same day. lowed '"vith interest and attention the Premier Chou gave a banquet in franian people's efforts in their Samdech Norodom Sihanouk, Head their honour the same evening. s'rruggle against foreign aggression of State of Cambodia, and Madame and for national construction. In At the banquet Premier Chou and Sihanouk gaYe a banquet on April order to safeguard state sovereignty Frincess Ashraf proposed toasts to 13 in honour of Chinese leaders on and proteet their national resouices, the growing friendship betrveen the the oceasion of. Cambodia's New Iran. together with other members of people of China and Iran. Premier Year's Day. Present at the banquet the Organization of Petroleum Ex- Chou proposed a toast to the health were Premier Chou En-lai, Chief of porting Countries, have reeently of His MajesW Mohammad Reza the P.L.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Hhadi Dawi, Members Months
    -- ' - 1 Pm ,- H H : :M k : i MES A.) 1 V,' Choootal : 5P' ,.. 7 f . PRICE Af. 3 ' SUNDAY, OCTOBER' 16, 1966, (MIZAN 24, 1345, S.H.) VOL. V, NO. 168. f ;TZ KABUL, Nation Celebrates Monarch's Birthday Princess Ashraf Returns Home Delkusha deception, Buzkashi Mark Fete Her Royal Highness Princess Ashraf Pehlavi, here for a three day visit at the invitation of HRH Princess Bllqls, left for home this morning. She was seen off at the airport by Princess Bilqis, : : "Jr. Sardar Abdul Wall. Nour Ahmad Etemadi, the acting Prime Min- ; ister and Minister of Foreign Af- fairs, the Minister of Court cabi- r net members, the Mayor of Kabul, the Governor of Kabul, Ambas- OVi sador and members of the Iran- J ian Embassy. The two Princesses inspected a guard of honour. An album of photos depicting scenes of Prin- - w h , "".!"- J- 1 4 cess Ashraf's visit to Afghanistan, tr J was presented to her. t sis- Princess Ashraf Pahlavi, . His Royal High Ahmad Shah, High President of the ? Prince '4 ter of the Shah of Iran, last night Afghan Red Crescent Society delivering a message to the nation 1 ' had dinner with His Majesty the over Radio Afghanistan on the occasion of the Red Crescent King and Her Majesty the Queen ' V in Gulkhana Palace. Week. '..v.', ".h HRH - Ahmad Shah and his HRH Prince Ahmad Shah Praises wife Princess Khatol, HRH Prin- cess Bilqis and her husband, Work Of Red Crescent Society Sardar Abdul Wali other mem- : The following is On this occasion J would like to bers of royal family, Editor's note the Nour speech His Royal express my satisfaction to my col-- Ahmad Etemadi, Acting the text of the of Prime Highness Prince Ahmad Shah broad leagues.
    [Show full text]
  • Shahr-E Now, Tehran's Red-Light District (1909–1979)
    SHAHR-E NOW, TEHRAN’S RED-LIGHT DISTRICT (1909–1979): THE STATE, “THE PROSTITUTE,” THE SOLDIER, AND THE FEMINIST By Samin Rashidbeigi Submitted to Central European University Department of Gender Studies In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of European Master in Women’s and Gender History Supervisor: Professor Francisca de Haan CEU eTD Collection Budapest, Hungary 2015 Abstract This thesis deals with the history of Shahr-e Now, Tehran’s red-light district from 1909 until the 1979 Islamic Revolution. The district, as large as two football pitches, functioned as a sex market for almost seventy years with around 1,500 prostitutes living and working there. Shahr-e Now’s existence as “Tehran’s red-light district before the 1979 Revolution” has been only briefly mentioned in a number of scholarly works; however, the district has not been analyzed as a gendered and politically relevant urban construction in the context of modern Iranian history. This thesis uses the archival documents collected from The National Archive of Iran and The Document Center of Iran’s Parliament to explain Shahr-e Now’s long-lasting functioning in front of the public eye—despite the fundamental tension with Islamic morale. This thesis argues, firstly, that Shahr-e Now was initiated by state officials, and preserved during the Pahlavi period (1925–1979), mainly for the sake of the military population in Tehran. Using the vast literature on the rise of the modern army in Iran as part of the Pahlavi Dynasty’s establishment, this thesis explains that the increasing number of soldiers in Tehran was the main reason why the Pahlavi regime enabled/allowed the creation of Shahr-e Now; the state-regulated prostitution in Shahr-e Now served to provide the military with “clean women.” Moreover, this thesis suggests that the system of regulation within SN was pretty much similar to systems of regulation enforced by other modern(izing) nation states in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
    [Show full text]
  • Report Resumes
    REPORT RESUMES ED 018 722 AC 002 194 LITERACY, 1965-1967. UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND CULT.ORG PUB DATE 63 EDRS PRICE MF-$0.50HC-$2.80 SSP. DESCRIPTORS- *NATIONAL PROGRAMS, *INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS, *INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS, *LITERACY EDUCATION, REGIONAL .COOPERATION; FINANCIAL SUPPORT, STATISTICAL DATA, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, EVALUATION, DEVELOPING NATIONS, PILOT PROJECTS, SURVEYS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, ALGERIA, ECUADOR, GUINEA, IRAN, MALI, TANZANIA, VENEZUELA, UNESCO, THE FIRST SECTION OF THIS PROGRESS REPORT CONTAINS A STATEMENT BY THE DIRECTOR GENERAL OF THE UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC, AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION, AN APPEAL TO UNESCO MEMBER STATES BY THE INTERNATIONAL CONSULTATIVE LIAISON COMMITTEE FOR LITERACY, AND MESSAGES FROM 13 MEMBER STATES, MAURITIUS, THE VACICAN, AND OTHER SOURCES, ON THE OCCASION OF INTERNATIONAL LITERACY nAY. LARGELY BASED ON INFORMATION FURNISHED BY OVER 80 HEWER STATES AND ASSOCIATE MEMBERS AND BY VARIOUS INTERNATIONAL NONGOVERNMENTAL BODIES, THE SECOND SECTION REVIEWS NATIONAL ENDEAVORS AND FORMS OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN SUPPORT OF LITERACY SINCE THE TXHERAN CONGRESS OF 1965. LITERACY STATISTICS AND OTHER DATA REFLECT NATIONAL EFFORTS TO INTEGRATE LITERACY WITH EDUCATIONAL ECONOMIC, AND SOCIAL PLANNING ESTABLISH SUITABLE LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURES AND PROVISIONS, AND INCREASE ALLOCATIONS FOR ADULT LITERACY PROGRAMS, NEW FORMS OF REGIONAL AND BILATERAL COOPERATION, AND PILOT PROJECTS LAUNCHED IN ALGERIA, ECUADOR, GUINEA, IRAN, MALI, TANZANIA, AND VENEZUELA UNDER THE UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. MAHAMMAD REZA PAHLAVI PRIZE RECIPIENTS ARE LISTED. THE DOCUMENT INCLUDES FIVE TABLES. (LY) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT.POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDUCATION literacy POSITION OR POLICY.
    [Show full text]
  • Foreign Governments As Plaintiffs in US Courts and the Case Against
    Maurer School of Law: Indiana University Digital Repository @ Maurer Law Articles by Maurer Faculty Faculty Scholarship 2016 Foreign Governments as Plaintiffs in U.S. Courts and the Case Against "Judicial Imperialism" Hannah L. Buxbaum Indiana University Maurer School of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/facpub Part of the International Law Commons, and the Litigation Commons Recommended Citation Buxbaum, Hannah L., "Foreign Governments as Plaintiffs in U.S. Courts and the Case Against "Judicial Imperialism"" (2016). Articles by Maurer Faculty. 2562. https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/facpub/2562 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at Digital Repository @ Maurer Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Articles by Maurer Faculty by an authorized administrator of Digital Repository @ Maurer Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Foreign Governments as Plaintiffs in U.S. Courts and the Case Against "Judicial Imperialism" Hannah L. Buxbaum* Abstract One consequence of the increasingly transnationalnature of civil litigation is that U.S. courts must frequently address the interests of foreign sovereigns. These interactions arise primarily in three contexts: when a foreign government is the defendant in a U.S. court; when a claim requires a U.S. court to scrutinize actions taken by a foreign government; and when a U.S. court seeks to apply U.S. law to persons or conduct within a foreign government's borders. Each of these contexts invokes a narrative in which the engagement of U.S. courts interferes or conflicts with the prerogatives of a foreign sovereign.
    [Show full text]
  • Notes to Chapter 1
    Notes NOTES TO CHAPTER 1 1. Several studies detail US-Iranian relations, Iranian foreign policy, and Iran's internal politics for the period 1941-46, and especially helpful are: Bruce Kuniholm, The Origins ofthe Cold War in the Near East: Great Power Conflict and Diplomacy in Iran, Turkey, and Greece (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1980); Mark Hamilton Lytle, The Origins of the Iranian­ American Alliance, 1941-1953 (New York: Holmes & Meier, 1987); George Lenczowski, Russia and the West in Iran, 1918-1948 (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1949); Rouhollah K. Ramazani, Iran's Foreign Policy, 1941-1973: A Study of Foreign Policy in Modernizing Nations (Charlottes­ ville: University Press of Virginia, 1975); Richard W. Cottam, Nationalism in Iran (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1964); Ervand Abrahamian, Iran Between Two Revolutions (Princeton: Princeton Univer­ sity Press, 1982); Barry Rubin, Paved with Good Intentions: The American Experience and Iran (New York: Oxford University Press, 1980). 2. Nikki R. Keddie, 'Iranian Revolutions in Comparative Perspective', American Historical Review, 88 (1983): esp. 586, Donald Wilber, Riza Shah Pahlavi, 1878-1944: The Resurrection and Reconstruction of Iran (Hicks­ ville, NY: Exposition, 1975), Hasan Arfa, Under Five Shahs (London: John Murray, 1964), L. P. Elwell-Sutton, 'Reza Shah the Great: Founder of the Pahlavi Dynasty', in George Lenczowski (ed.), Iran under the Pahlavis, Hoover Institution, number 164 (Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institution Press, 1978), andJosephM. Upton, The History ofModern/ran: An Interpretation, Harvard Middle Eastern Monograph Series (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1965) 36-80. Brian Lapping's anecdotal study, End of Empire (New York: St. Martin's, 1985), contains an interesting chapter on Iran.
    [Show full text]