ffffi L7 April 23, l97l

n'Gombine Theory 0f Two lnto 0lre" ls eh Reaetionary Phllosophy for Restoring Capitalism

4" Koreon People's Stnuggle for Unificction of Fstherlond wil! \Min {e "Renmin Riboo" editoriol

China's Cotton Output in Great Cultural ,W Revolution Hits a New Record Y/

0uotalioms From te,nin

Marx's philosophy is a consummare phi- losophical matetiaLism which has provided

mankind, 'and es,pecially the working class, with powerful instruments of knowledge.

fa:D Y-,

The splitting of a sir"gle whole and the.cog- :' nition' of its, contradictory part$ is the, e $sence : of dialectics.

v- E"ffiE WEEK

Cqmbodion New Yeor's Doy Congress Kuo Mo-jo'met the distin- the Chinese people har,'e always fol- Bonquet guished Iranian guests the same day. lowed '"vith interest and attention the Premier Chou gave a banquet in franian people's efforts in their Samdech Norodom Sihanouk, Head their honour the same evening. s'rruggle against foreign aggression of State of Cambodia, and Madame and for national construction. In At the banquet Premier Chou and Sihanouk gaYe a banquet on April order to safeguard state sovereignty Frincess Ashraf proposed toasts to 13 in honour of Chinese leaders on and proteet their national resouices, the growing friendship betrveen the the oceasion of. Cambodia's New Iran. together with other members of people of China and Iran. Premier Year's Day. Present at the banquet the Organization of Petroleum Ex- Chou proposed a toast to the health were Premier Chou En-lai, Chief of porting Countries, have reeently of His MajesW Mohammad Reza the P.L.A. General Staff Huang waged e{fective struggles against the Pah1avi, the Shahanshah of Iran, and Yung-sheng, Vice-Premier Li Hsien- Westert imperialist oil monopoly the Princess proposed a toast to the uien, Deputy Chief of the P.L.A. consortiums and won vietory. We health of the leader of China Chair- General Staff Wu Fa-hsien and Vice- express support to your just struggle man Mao Tsetung, the founder and Chairman of the Standing Committee and sincere congratulations or1 your leader of the People's Republie of of the National Peoptre's Congress victory. "- China. Kuo Me-jo. AIso present were Sam- "Both China and Iran have been dech Penn Nouth and Madame Penn In his toast, Premier Chou En-lai zubjected to fo4eign aggression and Nouth. expressed warm welcome Prin- to oppression and have gone through cess Ashraf Pahlavi and the other At the banquet which was per- similar sufferings, and both our distinguished guests from Iran. He meated with an atmosphere of the c'ountries were participants of the said: "Her Royal Iligtness Prirrcess friendship between the Chinese end 1955 Bandung Conference. The ten Ashraf Pahlavi is a friend whom we \- Carnbcdian people Samdeeh Sihanouk principles formr.rlated at the BanCung know well. We met each other in and Premier Chou toasted the bril- Conference have provided a good April 1965 during the celebrations of liant victories won by the three peo- basis for peaceful coexistence be- the tenth anniversary of the Ban- ples of Indochina in the war against tween countries with different social dung Conferenee in Indonesia. And U.S. aggfession and for national sal- systems. We are deeply convinced now we are exceptionally happy to vation. that guided by the Bandung prin- have the opportunity of meeting Her eiples, there are prospects for the Royal Highness the Frincess in development of the relations between Princess Ashrof .Pchlori of lron Peking. Visits Chino China and Iran. Ttre present visit "Long-standing historical eontacts of Her Royal Highness the hincess Her Royal Highness Princess and traditional friendship have exist- and the other clisiinguished Iranian Ashraf Pahlavi, sister of IIis Majesty ed between China and Iran. Friendly guests to our eountry is a gesture of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the Shah- contaets betr,r'een our two countries friendship to our people. Our dis- anshah of the Kingdom oI Iran, paid date back more than two thousand tinguished guests from Iran may go a friendship visit to China from April years. Envoys from our country and see different places of our coun- 13 to 19 at the invitation of the visited lran, opening up the road of try and have contacts with our people Chinese Governnrent. Accompany- communication between the East and from various cireles. We hope that ing the Pr:incess were: Mr. A.R. the West, that is, the historically your visit will contribute to the en- Ansari, Deputy to the Princess, and famous 'silk road,' and thus promot- hancement of the understanding and Mrs. Ansari; Mr. P.C. Radji, Assistant ing political eontacts and trade and friendship between our t',r'o peoples to the Princess; and Miss N. Pezesh- cultural exchanges between China and to the gradual develoPment of kian, Secretary to the Princess. and lran, the friendly relations between our two countries." Princess Ashraf Pahlavi arrived in "In modern times, particularlY Peking on April 14. Premier Chou since World War II, there have been In her toast, Frincess Ashraf Pah- V En-lai, Vice-Premier Li llsien-nien fewer contacts between our two lavi said: "My comPanions and I are and Vice*Chair:nan of the Standing countries as a result of imperialist very pleased to be in Your ancient Cammittee of the National People's obstructions and sabotage. IIowever, capital 'at the gracious iavitation of

Apri.l 23, 7977 your Government. We are a1l greatly congratulating him on, his assump- May..the r.mlitan-t friendship betqpen looking forward to visiting, in the tion of the office o-t Prime Minister the Chinese and Syrian peoPles and course of the next few days, various of the Government of the Kingdom the friendly relations and co-opera- cities and provinces of your immense of Nepal. The m'esJage reads: . tion between the two countries grawv country, of admiring numerous relics and develop continuously of youi past history and of inspect- On the occasion of your assumption ing modern landmarks of your peo- of the office of Prime Minister .of ples' impressive, recent accomplish- the Government of the Kingdom of Premiei Chou Meets Toble ments. Nepal, I express sincere eongratula- Tennis Delegotions of tions to you. May the Government Conodo, Colombio, Englond, "But your invitation, for rne per- of the Kingdom of Nepal and the other equally signif- sonally, has two Nepalese people achieve new suc- Nigerio ond United Stotes icant aslects as well. In the first cesses in the cause of safeguarding place, it has provided me with a most Premier Chou En-lai met all the independence and building welcome opportunity to renew with national members of the table tennis delega- country. you, a personal acquaintance which their tions of Canada, Colombia, England, dates from the second Bandung Con- May the profound friendship be- Nigeria and the United States on the ference of 1965; and secondly, it has tween the Chinese and Nepalese afternoon of April 14 and had a meant the fulfilment of an adolescent peoples and the friendly relations friendly conversation with them. dream, namely, to visit your magnif- and co-operation between our two These delegations were invited to visit icent country and to learn at first countries be consolidated and devel- China after taking part in the 31st Championships. hand more of its unique civilization oped daily. lYorld Table Tennis and fascinating people. The leaders of the delegations are reference Chinese civil- "This to Premier Chou Greets Syrion Margaret Walden. Secretary-General ization brings to my mind a charac- of the Canadian Table Tennis As- Notionol Doy teristic r,vhich Iran and China, for al1 soeiation; Pedro Garcia, leading uniqueness, Table Ten- their cultural share in Premier Chou En-lai sent a mes- member of the Colombian cor1lmon. Each of us the inheritor the is sage on April 16 to President Hafez nis Federation and President of one Association; of of history's most enriching Assad and Premier Abdel Rahman Bogota Table Tennis civilizations, while same Chairman o1 V at the time Khleifawi of the Syrian Arab Re- Charles Murton WYles, both of us, though admittedty public, warmly greeting the 25th an- the English Table Tennis Association; through different l,vays, EfunksYa, are firmiy niversary of the National Day of the Adegboyega Adebowale dedicated the achievement of the Nigerian Table Ten- .to Republic. The message reads: President of the most rapid social and material prog- r\is Association; and Graham Steen- ress for our peoples." On the occasion of the 25th an- hoven, President of the U'S. Table niversary of the National Day of the Tennis Association. Princess Ashraf Pahlavi said: "Per- Syrian Arab Republic, f, on behalf sonal contact such as ours here guests various of the Chinese Government and peo- When the of the today, inevitably leads to dialogue. countries entered the meeting hall, Dialogue ple, express warm congratulations to may in turn lead to und.er- Premier Chou and leading members standing, and understanding can Your Excellencies and to the Syrian sub- of the Chinese People's Association find a path to friendship. Government and people. .sequently for Friendship With Foreign Coun- "I knolv that, through this unpre- The Syrian people have a glorious tries and the All-China SPorts tentious visit, we alreadv have taken anti-imperialist tradition. The Sy,rian Federation shook hands with them the first step in that direction." Government and people have valiant- in welcomg and had photograPhs ly resisted the armed aggression by each the delegations. Accompanied taken with of by Lin Chia-mei, U.S. imperialism and its lackey Israeli wife of Vice-Premier Li Hsien-nien, Zionisn-r, supported the just struggle At the meel.ing, Premier Chou, ,Princess Ashraf Pahlavi visited of the Pdlestinian people and made first oI all welcomed the delegations' Hangchow; Shanghai and Ku,ang- positive visit to China on behalf of the chow. contributions to the Arab people's cause of unity against im- Chinese people and Government. perialism. The Chinese Government people Premier Chou said to the Canadian Premier Chou Congrotulotes and express admiration for this. friends: You come from a country Bists on Becoming Prime that reeently established diplomatic I sincerely wish the Syrian people, relations with us, from the mother- , the Palestinian and other Arab peo- land of Doctor Bethune whom the - Premier Chou En-lai sent a mes- ples new victories in their struggle Chinese people know so well. We sage to Kirti Nidhi Bista on April 16 against the'U.S.-Israeli aggressors. welcome yolt. Delegation leader

4 Peking Rpuiew, No..[7 .Lr:' IVlargaret Wa1den said that they were highly of the hospitality of'the Chi- warm,handshakes. Margaret Wal- :'very "to happy come to China and nese people: and said they were glad den, heed of . the Canadian Table , everybody was pleased with the hos- that their delegation was able to Tennis Delegation, said happily: A1- \-/ nitality of the Chinese people. visit China. though we have been on Chinese soil for only one day, we are im- greeted deeply When Premier Chou the At the meeting, some foreign pressed by the warm and friendly Colombian friends from far across friends expressed the hope.that Chi- hospitality the Chinese people have the ocean, delegation leader Pedro nese lsportsmen would visit their shourn us, Garcia said that though Colsmbia eountries. Premier Chou thanked and China were far. apart, friendship them for their invitation to Chinese While chatting together at the air- between the people of the trvo coun- iportsmen and said: We will work port's waiting room, Chinese sports- tries would be steadfast once it was for its realization. At the same time, men told the English friends their established. Premier Chou said he we, too, hope that more friends will friendship visit to China provided an believed that the friendship between come Premier opportunity for the sportsmen of the Chinese and Colombian people to visit our country. the tr*'o countries to learn from each other would continue to grow. Chou pointed out that through the exchange of friendly visits, the and exchange experience, and rvould Premier Chou ctngratulated the exchange of experience and learning certainly promote friendship betu,een English Table Tennis Delegation on from each other, the sportsmen of the sportsmen and people of both , its success in the Slst World Table various countries rvould surely help countries. The English players said Tennis Champiorrships. Delegation promote friendship betrveen the peo- that they had been looking forward leader Charles Murton Wyles said ple of their countries. to this visit for a long time and were that the young Engtish players were very glad that their desire had now pleased to have the chance to visit At the end of the meeting, Premier come true. Cfrina, for this would lead to more Chou asked the friends from the contacts between the young people various countries to convey the re- Proposing a toast at the banquet of England and China. gards of the Chinese people to the welcoming ihe Colombian Table people of their orvn countries upon Tennis Delegation, Li Ching-chuan, conversation with the In his returning home, and shook hands leading member of the All-China guests, Premier Chou said Nigerian q'ith all members of the delegations Sports Federation, said: The Colom- delight: Follou,ing the establish- in with when they took leave. bian Table Tennis Delegation, \'^ ment of diplomatic relations between paying a friendly visit to China, has our two countries, you have come Present on the occasion were lead- brought the friendship of the Colom- fiom the east c.oast of the Atlantic to ing members of the organizations bian people to the Chinese PeoPIe the west coast of the Pacific ind'we concerned, coaches and players of the and promoted the friendly relations wi:Icome you. Delegation 'leader Chinese Table Tennis Team and in- between the two PeoPles a steP fur- Adegboyega Adebowale Efunkoya terpreters. ther. Head of the Colombian delega- Pedro Garcia said: Our delega- said that during their stay in China tion . Canadian, British,,American and tion will certainly tell the Colombian they were extre.mely strqek.b.y the , Japanese .correspondents who..harTe people about the warm recePtion deep sense of friendship of the Chi- come to China to cover the activities aecorded us in China when we get people people nese for the Nigerian of the table tennis delegations and back home. gnd that they were very pleased with some foreign resident correspondents r" this. Premier Chou expressed the in Peking were also present. At the welcoming ceremonies for I nore that Nigerian friends woul

E 'Aprit'23, 791'1.' v Philosophy for Bestoiing Capilalism

by the Eevolutionary Mass Criticism Writing Group of thp Party Sthml Under the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party

nUR great leader Chairrnan lllao poiats out: "'AlI juncture in the socialist revolution to launch attaeks on \J things invariably divide into tws," "The law of con- the Party in the Iield of philosophy. He frenziedly tradiction irr things, that is, tho law of the unity of oppo- opposed Chairman Mao's proletarian revolutionary lin€ sites, is the basic law of materialist ilialectics.'r and tried to use the reactionary world outlook of "com- (On Cantrad.iction.) This scientific thesis of Chairrnon bine two into one" to remould bur Party and countryt Mao's proloundly expresses the objective law ol things In 1952, Yang l{sien

8. Peking Rqpietu, lYo. {& polemics against modern,revisionism whose centre ft the: oS the'unity.of opposites and.grasps the heart.of mate- Soviet revisionist,:rtsnegade cliriue, and dealt tXg-tias# rialist dialectics. enemies at home and abroad hard. blows. However, all According to the eoncept one divides trvo, these warnings and struggles did uot and cotrld not into L, there are contradictions in everything. The two aspects change the counter-revolutiorary.nhtrrre of Liu Shao.- '6f a contradiction depend on and struggte with each chi, Yang Hsien-chen and compdny, rirhb r*'ere impatient other, and this determines the iife of all things. The to restore capitalism. Yang Hsien-chen first openly natural world, society and man's thinking are full of peddled the theory of "combine two into one" in the cOntradictions and struggles, and there is no such thing lecture room of the former advaaed Party school. After as "combine two into one," Without contradiction, careful planning, this :reactionary. philosophy was there rvould not be the natural world, society, and launched for the public in 1964. man's thinking; nothing rvould exist. Contradictions are Lenin says that the struggle in philosophy "in the present in all proesses of things and permeate all pro- Iast analysis reflects the tendencies and ideology of the esses from beginning to end, and promote the develop: antagouistie classes. in modern society." (Materiatism ment of things. The eonstant emerging and resolving ond. Empirio-Criti,ci;m.) The concocting of the theory of contradictions this is the universal law of the of "combine two into one" was intended externally to development of things.- meet the needs of imperialism and social-irnperialism Applying concept one i.nto in in, subverting great socialist China, and inte.rnatly to the divides two examining socialist society, we have to recognize that itreet the'needs of the counter-revolutionary restora- throughout the entire historical period of soeialism, {ion by the bourgeoisie. It is a hack itrltosoptry there are classes, class contradictions and class str-uggle, servinif Liu Shao-chi's efforts.to restore capitalism, and there is the struggle between the two roads of socialism runs counter to continr.ling the revolution under the dicbatorship of the proletariat. and capitalism, there is the danger of capitalist restora- tion, and there is the threat of subversion and aggres- Sion by imperialism and modern revisionism, To re- Out-ond-Out BourEeoh ldeclism ond solve thee contradictions, we must strengthen the dictatorship of the proletariat and steadfastly continue the revolution under the dictatorship of the proletariat. ' To' oppose Marxist philosophy, all opportunists and . tre contradic. revisionists did their best to negate the boundary Even in a comrnurrist society, there will stmggles the new,and the old, be-tween materialism and idealism as well as between tions and full of between wrong. ditilebties arid metaphysics. In pddling the reactionary the advanced aud the backward, and right.and Only those who and apply this coneept to theory of "combine two into one," the renegade Yang adhse to gurde practice thoroughgoing Hsien-chen resorted to this kind of base counter-revolu- revoluti.onary., are rtialectieal materialists. ccncept "one tionary tactics. He dressed this reactionary theory up To deny the divides into two'l means to derry the universality of con as dialectics and prated that "combine two into one": badiction and to betray materialist dialectics, and this 4nd one divides into two have "the same meaning." He inevitably lea.ds to political betrayal of proletarian deliberately tried to negate the frmdamental antagon- the revolution a$d the dictatorship oJ the proletariat. ism between One divides into two and "combine two into one." The core of the theory "combine two into one" lies in merging contradictions,' liguidating struggle, oppos- proletar{at bour- and the eogniticn of its eontradktory parts is the ing revolution, combining the with the geoisie, combining Marxism with revisionism, combin- e$serlce of dialecties." ("On . the Question of Dialeetics.") "In brief, dialectics ean be defined as the ing socialism with imperialism and social-imperialism. doctrine of the unity of opposites. This embodies the This out-and-out reactionary bourgeois idealist and essence of dialectics, but it requires explanations and metaphysical world outlook is diametrically opposed to the world outlook of one divides into two. development." ("Conspectus of Hegel's Book The , Science oJ Logic.") Refute Theory of "Common Needs" Chairman Mao developed this great idea of Lenin's further in his On Contradic*icn, O* the Csruect Handt- Yang Hsien-chen repeatedly said that the identity iW of Contradirtions Arnang the People and other im- of a contradiction eonsisted, of "common points" and ,,The portant philosophical works. Chairrnan Mao says: "common things." He distorted Lenin's thesis on the law of the unity of opposites is the fundamental law of identity of eontradiction, alleging that "the identity in the universe. This law operates universally, whether the sphere of dialectics" was "seeking corlmon needs-'r in the natural world, in human society, or in man's great Lenin wrote on the thinking. Between the opposites in a contradietion Let us read rvhat the subject. " there is at once unity and struggle, and it is this that \, impels things to move and change." (On the Correct, Lenin pointed out: "Dialectics is the teachiug which Hand,ling oJ Contradi&i,ons Atnonq the People.) The shows how opposifes can he and how they happen to eoncept oue divides into two that Chairman Mao put be (how they beeomel'identical under what conditionq torward profoundly and concisely summarizes tbe iaw they"'are identical, translorming- themselves into one

Ain* zs, t9?1 . 7 anothe.r,-r+hy- the human.mind should take these rna-sses of the people who.fiad loag been oppressed'and opposites not as dead, rigid, but as living, eonditional, exploited .transformed themselves intb masters of the mobile, transforming themselves into one another." country, and imperialism, feudalism and bureaucrat- ("Conspectus of Hegel's Book The Science of Lo,gic.") capitalism, the three enemies that oppressed and ex- \, Lenin here is talking about the identity of contradic- ploited the people, were completely overthrorvn. tion. Is there any trace of "common points" and "com- Through the socialist revolution in the ownership of the mon needs" in this? Yang Hsien-chen was blatantly means of production, individual ownership of farming lying and slandering lrenin when he alleged that lr,hat and handicrafts was transformed into socialist collective Lenin meant by the identity of contradiction was "com- ownership, and capitalist ownership of industry and mon needs.t' commerce rvas transformed into socialist ownership by the whole people. The renegade Yang Hsien-chen used In On Contradiction, Chairman Mao incisively every means to oppose these revolutionary transforma- explains Lenin's thinking on the identity of contradic- tions. To call a spade a spade, his reactionary theory tion. Chairman Mao clearly points out: contra- "AlI of "common needs" is nothing but an attempt to make dictory things are interconnected; only they not do the proletariat and other working people suhmit for coexist in a single entity in given conditions, but in etrr to the misery of exploitation and enslavement, other given conditions, they also transform themselves and to permit imperialism, the lindlords and the bour- into each other. This is the full meaning of the identity geoi.sie to sit on their hacks for ever. of opposites." Chairman Mao's teaehing clearly tells us: The first Befute Theory of "Inseparability" meaning of the identity of contradiction is that the two Yang Hsien-ctren endlessly preached that the op' contradictory aspects are interdependent in given con- posite aspects were "links tbat canhott'be separated." , ditions. For instance, during the period of China's new- He biabbed that learning dialectics means "lebrning how democratic revolution, the contradictory aspects, the to link the two opposing ideologies." This is a clumsy masses of the people and imperialism, feudalism and attempt to tamper with materialist dialectics. .bureaucrat-capitalism. the proletariat and the bour- geoisie, did not exist in isolation from each other.'Each Materialist dialectics holds that the nature of a aspect had the other as the condition for its existence thing is the contradictoriness within the thin€ and its and they coexisted in a single entity. We should inter- separability. Engels pointed out: "Dialectics has proved pret the first meaning of the identity of contradiction from the results of our experience of niture so far that only in this way and should never allow Yang Hsien- all polar opposites in general are determined by the v chen to distort it into having "common needs." Were mutual action of the two opposite poles on each other, there any "common needs" in the.interdependence be- that the separation and opposition of these poles exist tween the masses of the oppressed people and impe- only within their mutual connbction and union, and, rialism, feudalism and bureaucrat-capitalism? Certainly conversely, that their union exists only in theit sepdra- not. Even though the national bourgeoisie joined the tion and their mutual connection only in their opposi- united. front in the national democratic r:evolution for tion." (Dialectics of Nature.) That is tolsay,.we cannot a period and had certain common needs with the pro- talk about the links between the two op-posite aspects letariat against imperialism and feudalism, this was,ab- dpart from their struggle and separability. The strug- solutely not an identity of the contradiction between. the gle of the opposite aspects inevitably leads to the proletariat and the bor;rgeoisie- When we speak of these breaking up of their interconnection, to. the disintegra- common needs, we take the proletariat, the peasantry, tion of the entity, and to change in the nature of the the petty-bourgeoisie and the national bourgeoisie as thing. Therefore. the intereonnection between the op- one aspect of the contradiction and the three enemies, posite aspects is conditional and relative while their imperialism, feudalism and bureaucrat-capitalism, as the separability is unconditional and absolute. 6ther. In the contradiction in which the proletariat As Chairman Mao points out: "In .society as..in and the bourleoisie are the two.opposite aspects, the nature, every entity invariably breaks up into its dif- relation betlveen them is that of the exploiter and the ferent parts, only there are differenees in content and exploited, and the needS of one are fundamentally op- fcrrn under different concrete conditions.f' (Speech at p-o1ed to the needs of the other. the Chinese Communist Partg's National Conference on Chairman Mao also stressed that the matter does Propaganda Work.) There is nothing in the world tha't not end with the interdependence of the two contradic_ cannot be separated. The derrelopment of objective tory aspects on each other for their existence and, more things has time and again exposed the rotten important, in gi.ven conditions, each of them transforms metaphysical idea that a thing cannot be separated. Have itself into its opposite, changes its position to that of its there not emerged various o1d and new anti-Marxist opposite. This is the second meaning of the identity revisionist factions in the course of the development of of contradiction. Our Party led the Chirr"r" people in the international communist movement? In the course decades of heroic struggle aimed precisely at creating of the development of our Par|y, there emerged the v conditions for the promotion of the translormation oi "Left" and Right opportunist lines of the renegades things so as to achieve the goal of the revolution. For Chen Tu-hsiu and Wang Ming and Liu Shao-chi's coun- instance, after the new-democratic revoJ.ution,"'the ter-revolutionary revisionist line. Chairman Mao's pro-

8 Peking niblew, wo. -S letarfan revolutionary Jine has won g-reat victqrieF .prg means 'combine two jnto oqe.' " This is not only a ques: cisely thrciugh struggles against these erroneous lines, tion of their ignorance of Marxist philosophy; their f'herefore, revolutionary "separation" is not a bad but real purpose was to cut asunder the dialectical relation a good thing. It helps raise the people's ideological between analysis and synthesis and to substitute reac- bonsciousness, enhances the unity of the revolutionary tionary metaphysics for materialist dialeetics. people, promotes the development of the proletarian rev- Marxist philosophy tells us that analysis and olutionary cause, and impels society forward. Yang synthesis are an objective law of things and at the same Hsien-chen did not say a word about the struggle and time a method for people to understand things. Analysis transformation of contradictions aud completely denied shows how an entity divides into two different parts the separability of a thing, deicribing the depend- and the struggle between them; synthesis shows how, ence of the opposite aspects on each other for their through the struggle between the two opposite aspects, existence as "links that cannot be separated." In fact, one prevails, defeats and eliminates the other, how an there are no dead and rigid links free from contradic- old contradiction is resolved and a new one emerges, tions and transformation. and how an old thing is eliminated and a new thing Yang Hsien-chen had vicious political motives for triumphs. In plain rvords. sSmthesis means one "eats advocating the theory of l'inseparability." When the up" the other. The course of historical development is: socialist transformatiogr of the ownership of the means What is revolutionary always "eats up" lvhat is reac- of production reached a high tide in China in 1956, he tionary, and what is correct always "eats up" what is came out sermonizing like a priest that the proletariat wrong. But this has to go through many complicated and the bourgeoisie "will both benefit if they come to- and tortuous struggles. As Chairman Mao points out; gether, and will both suffer if they separate." This is "Classes struggle, some classes triumph, otherl are of the same mould as the fallacies advocated by Liu eliminated. Such is history, such is the history of civil- Shao-chi such as the bourgeoisie's "exploitation has its ization for thousands of years. To interpret history merits" and the bourgeoisie and the, proletariat have an from this viewpoint is historical materialism; standing "identical stand." This fully shows that they are a gang in opposition to this viewpoint is historical idealism;" of faithful lackeys of the bourgeoisie. (Cast Awag lllusions, Pre'pare for Struggle.) The history one class struggle, ou'e The contradiction between the proletariat and the of mankind's civilization is of in which the revolutionary classes defeat and "eat up" bourgeoisie is, in essence, antagonistic and irreconcil- reactionar;r classes. Imperialism headed by the able, and can be resolved only by socialist revolution. the United States, social-imperialism and all other exploit- As Chairrnan Mao pointed out in 1959, in the period of systems will eventuatly be "eaten up" by socialism t' socialist revolution the life-and-death struggle between ing and communism. This is an objective law independent the two big opposing dasses the proletariat and the of man's will. When reflected in men's minds, such bourgeoisie "will continue -. . . for at least twenty - objective analysis and synthesis require that we make years and possibly half a century. In short, the s_truggle of the movement of opposites in'all will not ceaie untq classes die out completely." a concretb analysis things and, on the basis of such analysis, synthesize and sense, by steadfastly continuing the revolution In a point of the question involved and deter- under the diqtatorship of the proletariat, the pro- out the nature mine on the methods to resolve them. Different types letariat separptes completely from the bourgeoisie of contradictions are resolved by different methods; It dnd all other gxploiting classes. In the life-and- is quite clear that objective or subjective analysis and death struggle between these two classes, how can synthesis can only be :'one divides into two" and not we "combine two into one"? If we should "combine two into one." two into one" with regard to the bourgeoisie, forget "combine classes and class struggle and forget the dictator- Analysis and synthesis are closely connected. There ship of the proletariat, "then it would not be long, is synthesis in analysis and analysis in synthesis. As perhaps only several years or a decadg or several dec- Engels said in reference to the science of chemistry: ades at most, before a counter-revolutionary restora- "Chemistry, in which analysis is the predominant form tion on a national scale would inevitably occur, the of investigation, is nothing without its opposite pole - Marxist-Leninist party would undoubtedly become a synthesis." (Dialectics of Nature.) Yang Hsien-chen revisionist party, a fascist party, and the whole of China and company denied the connection between analysis would change its colour. Comrades, please think it over. and synthesis and said that "analysis means 'one divides What a dangerous situation this would be!" That Yang into two' wh.ile synthesis means 'combine two into one" " Hsien-chen spared no effort to preach that the prole- This is the same stuff as the bourgeois dualism preached tariat and the bourgeoisie should "combine" and not by Trotsky: "Politics Marxist, s1f !sul'g66i5.rr was precisely for the purpose of realizing - - "separate" Chairman Mao points out in On Contradiction: plot of restoring capitalism. the counter-revolutionary "It was not until Marx and Engels, the great protagon- ists of the proletarian movement, had synthesized the Theory of Means n*mt" "synthesis positive in the history of human know- {* Two achievements 'Combine Into One"' ledge and, in partictrlar, critically absorbed the rational Yang Hsien-chen and company also alleged that elements of Hegelian dialectics and created the great an "analysis means 'one divides into two' while synthesis theory of dialectical and historical materialism that

April 23, 7971 {, tlErpreedented revolutioh oaeurrdjl in the history of After the victory of the Oetobbr Revolution in human knowtredge.'Chairman Mao has most profound. Rus.sia, Deborin.aad cqmpany jumped forth to fren- ly explained how the founders of Marxism analysed ziedly oppose Leninos theory :of the unity of op- and synthesized the achievernents in the history of posites. They maintained that contradictions appeared L J human knowledge. Marx and Engels neither affirmed not at the inception of a process but only when it had - nor negated Hegelian dialectics in its entirety, but, developed to a certain stage and that the resolution of dividing one into two, criticized its idealist shell and contradi-ctions was the "conciliation of opposites." This absorbed its rational kernel. This analysis and synthesis theory of "conciliation of contradictions" of Deborin's fully demonstrated the thoroughgoing proletarian rev- was a refleetion in philosophy of Bukharin's theory of olutionary spirit and scientific attitude which they con- the "dying out of class struggle" wllich aileged that sistently advocated. They set a brilliant example for "capitalism will peaceably grow into socialism." This us to follow. reactionary philosophy for the restor:ation of capitalism u'as The procex of summing up our experience, is also sternly criticized by Stalin. one of analysis and synthesis. By undertaking various But after the Khrushchov renegade clique usurped kinds of struggles in social practice, men have accumu- Part5r and state power in the Soviet Union, it blatantly lated rich experiences, some successful and some not. In revived and developed Deborin's reactionary philosophy summing up experience, it is necessary to distinguish so as to restore capitalism in an all-round way. Posing the right from the wrong, affirm what is correct and as a saviour. Khrushchov elamoured: "The world is negate what is wrong. This means, under the guidance q,hole and indivisible in face of the tlrreat of nuclear af Marxism-L,eninism-Mao Tsetung Thought, recon- disaster. That is where we all are the.'human race." structing the rich data of perception obtained from prac- Ttre Khrushchov renegades shamelessly described,this tice, "discarding the dross and selecting the essential, renegade revisionist philosophy as "creetively develop- elirninating the false and retaining the true, proceeding ing Mar:iism-L€ni.nis@." from the one to tho other and from the outside to ths When these renegades up revisionist inside,'l raisirrg perceptual knowledge to the leve1 ot stired a philssophy, great rational knowledge and grasping the inherent laws ol adl'erse current rigainlt Marxist our great proletarian sirength a thing. The movement of opposites one divides into leader Chairrnan Maq with great significance of two * runs throughout this process.- With the expe- of mind, repeatedly stressed the Chairman I!{ao rienee summed up in this way, we are able to uphotd disseminating materialist dialectics. pointed *!Vt gradually to disseminate the truth and comect our rnistakes, our srrG- out: want "popularize gradually eessful experienee and draw lessons from our rnistakes." dialectics, and to ask el'eryorre to larn the u nse of the scientific dialeetical urcthod." (Speectr" at v Reoctionory Trend of lnternotionol the Chinese Cawnu,nist Party's Nati.ortal Conference on Proryganda Work,) In his speech at the Moscow Revisionism Meeting of Communist and Workeis' Parties in 1957, Was the reactionary philosophy "combine two into Chairman Mao once again expounded in a deep-going onei'created by the rurrug"d". I-iu Shao-chi, Yang Hsien- way the revolutionary dialectics of oDe divides into ihen and their ilk? No! It is nothing but a variant of two, and gave a head-on blow to the revisionist adverse the theory, of "conciliation of contradictions" of the current. old-line opportunists and revisionists under new his- international torical conditions. The historical experience of the communist movement has repeatedly proved that if a Since the emergence of Marxism, the mortal ene- Marxist-Leninist political party does not observe, mies of scientific socialism have openly advertised the analyse, and handle problems from tlre viewpoint of reactionary theory of 'oconciliating contradictions.,, dialectical nxafgrialisre and historical materialism, it Proudhon declared that he wanted to "seek the principle will commit mistakes and degenerate politically. of accommodation" so as to conciliate the contradictions Since the Soviet revisionist , renegade cUque has of capitalist society. Duhring uttered such nonsense as thoroughly betrayed dialectical materialism and his- the world is "indivisible" and "there are no eontradic- torieal materialism and completely betrayed the pro- tions in things." The reactionary chieftains of the Sec- letarian reyolution and the dictatorship of the ond International vainly attempted replace to revolu- proletariat, it has inevitably gone further and further 'dionary dialectics with vulgar evolutionisnr and replace down the road of revisionism and degenerated into the Marxist theories of class struggle and the dictator- ,,class social-imperialism. ship of the proletariat with the theory of col- ' la'ooration." Kautsky trumpeted that ..there are no two The reactionary theory of "conciliation of con- classes in a society that do not have common interests. tradictions" has become a tool today for Soviet re- There were common interests even between the slave' visionist social*imperialism in intensifying its fascist owner and his slaves." "There are indeed common in- dictatorship, pushing an aggressive poliey ahd in col- terests between the capitalists and the workers.,, One laborating with U.S. imperialism and contending u,ith it \# and all, they are only fleeting intruders in history. for world hegemony. The Soviet revisionists vehe- Belentless eriticism and exposure by Marx, Engels and mentiy clamour for the creation of a "socialist corn* Lenin showed these types up in their true colours. munity" and "giving first place to common interests."'

1A Peki.ng RcDtelD, No. l7 ,This is a vain attempt on their part "to obliterate the sup€rpowers, U.S. imperialism and social-imperialism, :differences between the aggresor and the victim, the and draw a clear line of demarcation between them- exploiter and the exploited, the controlling and the selves and the two superpowefls. The revolutionary .- controlled. They want the working people of the coun- dialectics of "one divides into two" is striking firm root ,,community" \t tries in the to sacri{ice their own in- in the hearts of the people and is being grasped hy terests, give up their independence and sovereignty more and more Marxist-Leninist political parties and and "merge" completely into the ,,entity2, of eolonial revolutionary people. It has become their sharp weapon r"ule by social-imperialism. But the reactionary theory in opposing imperialism, modern revisionism and the of "conciliation of eontradictions,, cannot in the least reactionaries of various countries. So long as they in- save them. The inherent laws of dialectics are in- tegrate the universal truth of Marxism-Leninism witir dependent of the vrill of the revisionists. It has become the concrete practice in the revolutionary movement of an irresistible historical trend today for the people of their respeetive countriesn the revolutionary people of the whole world and many small and medium-sized all lands will overthro'ov the entire old world and wia countries to unite and oppose hegemony by the two fioal victory in the proletarian world revolution

J,n rit 8Arrfllr ala.{o Koresn People's Struggle for Unificstion Of Fotherlond Will Win

rlrAp Fourth Supreme People's Assembly of the Comrade Kim II Sung, the great leader of the I Democratic People's Republic o[ Korea held its Korean people, has pointed out: "To unily the divided 5th session from April 12 to 14. Entrusted by the fatherland is the greatest national task for the entire \4!ork-er-s', Pp"ty. of Korea and the Gowernment of the Korean people at ths present stage and the most press- Republig Iqr5ign Minister IIo Dam,{elivered the report ing task the solution of which brooks not a mornent's "On the Present International Situation and the Pro- delayr" "The entire people sf norih and south Korea motion of the Independent Unification of the Father- will firmly unite and vigorously fight against the U.S. lend" in which he put forth an B-point programme on irdperialists 5nd their stooges and thus surely frustrate the peaceful unification of Korea. The Supreme Peo- the insidious machinations of the enemy to perpetuate ple's Assembly also adopted an appeal to the fellow- the'split of the nation, and uaify'the fatherland without countr},rnen, brothers and sisters, and the personages fail." of political parties and public organizations in the U.S." imperialism is the arch-criminal in dividing southern part of Korea, calling on all patriotic forces Korea and obstructing its unification. During. the past to wage a common struggle for the realization of the 20-odd-years when it entrenched itself in south Korea, peaceful unification of their fatherland. This important U.S. imperialism subjected the broad ma-sses of .people step taken by the Korean \ilorkers' Party and Govern- to ruthless repression and enslavement, fostered a fascist ment with a view to promoting the unification of the military dictatorial regime and turned south Korea into fatherland reflrcted the earnest common aspirations its colony and military base for aggression. Though cherished by the 40 mlllion Korean people and dealt a defeated by the heroic Korean peopie in its war of porverful blow at the criminal plot of U.S. imperialism aggression against Korea, U.S. imperialism has not only and Japanese militarism to commit aggression against hung on in south Korea, but also carried out repeated Korea. The Chinese people resolutely support the pro- war threats and miiitary provocations against the gramme of action and the just stand ol the Korean Demoeratic People's Republic of Korea. Of late, U.S' Workers' Party and Government on the peaceful unifi- imperialism, under the cloak of "reduction of U.S' cation of Korea and resolutely support the entire troops," frantically reinforced its forces of aggression t Korean people in their just struggle against U.S. im- and stepped up its military deployment in south Korea perialism and its stooge, the Pak Jung Hi puppet clique, in a plot to perpetuate its occupation of .south Korea and and for the peaceful unification of their fatherla.nd. seek a chance to undertake a new military venture. In

April 23, 1977 t, view'of this, the g.point programrne makes it.clear The squth .Korean prcple who are living in'tJre that it is necessary "to make the U.S. imperialist abyss ' of suffering have, for a long time, waged' a aggressor troops withdraw from south Korea" and "to heroic and unyielding itruggle against the sanguinary abolish and declare invalid the 'south Korea-U.S. mutual rule of U.S. imperialism and its lackeys and forr thb defence pact."' This is the key to the independent peaceful unificafiori of their fatherland. The patriotic v realization of national unification by the Korean people 'and democratic-forces in south Korea are growing' Thb themselves. broad. masses of people have raised such slogans as The day the Korean Workers' Party and Govern- "unification is the only way out" and "let's go north, ment put forth the 8-point programme, a spokesman come south, let's meet at Panmunjom!" They lvould of the U.S. Department of State came out with a state- not tolerate for long the crimes of the U.S.-puppet ment that the demand for the pull-out of U.S. aggressor clique in splitting Korea. No force whatever can check troops from Korea is "unacceptable." The laconic state- these national aspirations of the people in south Korea nrent laid bare once again the aggressive ambition of for the peaceful unification of their fatherland at an U.S. imperialism and its fiendish features in undermin- early date. ing and obstructing the peaceful unification of Korea. The great leader of the Chinese people Chairman What merits attention is that U.S. imperialism is Mao has pointed out: "U.S. imperialism is out common making use of Japanese militarism as an accomplice enemy, and we all stand on the same front and need in its aggression against Korea. Besides stretching to unite with and support each other.' their aggressive talons into south Korea long ago, Japan's ambitious militarists are attempting to invade The Korean people's struggle against the U.S. and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Sato, Japanese reactionaries and for the unification of their Yasuhiro Nakasone and their ilk have made rabid fatherland is not isolated. The Chinese people, the outcries that Korea is an "advance post" of Japan and people of the three Indochinese countries, the peoples that Jbpan "should take pre-emptive measures for of Asia and the revolutionar5r people throughout the attack" against Korea. Japanese militarism has become world side with the Korean people and resolutely a dangerous enemy of Korea's independence, sovereignty support their just patriotic struggle. We are firmly and national unification. It is an important part of the convinced that the 3,000-Ii expanse of the beautiful Korean people's struggle for the unification of the land of Korea will be unified and that the 40 million fatherland to smash the conspiratorial activities of the Korean people will be reunited. U.S.-Japanese reactionaries for aggression against Korea and to abolish the "Japan-ROK treaty.'l ("Renmin Ribao" ed'i,torial, April 15) Y

Af ro-Americsn Struggle Gothering Momentum

IIE Afro-American strrrggle against fascist rule struggle against violent repression. The Ku Klux Klan has developed vigorously in the past few years. v,,hieh is devoted to persecuting the Afro-An,ericans Joining forces with the revolutionary struggles of the was allolved to hold a national conference openly Amer-ican people of all walks of life, it has dealt the whereas Afro-Americans advocating resistance by force LT.S. monopoly capitalist class heavy blows and added of arms are often arrested or murdered. to the difficulties which beset the U.S. imperialists at home and abroad. Foscist Rule Under Fire The over 22 million Afro-Americans have been subjected to the ruthless oppression and exploitation of Sanguinary suppression by the reactionary U.S. the U.S. monopoly eapitalist class for a long time. Since ruling circles has enlightened more and more Afro- the Nixon government came to por.^/er, the U.S. ruling Americans and other national minorities by negative circies have intensified their fascist suppression of the example and forced them to further shake off the Afro-American people while continuing their political spiritual yoke of the creed of "non-violence" and take frauds. The U.S. Justice Department has been "beefed an active part in the fiery struggle against violent up both in terms of budget and manpower'2 as part of repression. It was revealed in the U.S. bourgeois press their repressive activities against the Afro-Americans. that there were over 600 cases of struggle waged by the The number of police stations has 'greatty increased rn national minorities every year from 1968 to 1970, twice V cities with black communities. A "survey.committee?' has as many as in 1967. The Afro-American struggle been. set up to coi{ect inf,*rrnatio*l .on.the Afro-Amieri.can against violent repression saw many moving heroic ex-

12 Peking Reuiero, No. t7 ploits. The struggle in Cairo, Illinois, has been going on together for 68 days, which dealt the U.S. monopolies a sinee early .1969. ."Nearly ever)rone in Cairo is.argted,r,t heavy blow. said a report on the Afro-Americans in this city. Struggle Agoinst Wor of Aggression .' 'q,, When the reactionary police in that city tried to stop a demonstration and make mass arrests, an old woman ln Viet Nom with a ryalking'stick in one hand and a gun in the other The U.S. imperialist war of aggression in Indochina told the police in all seriousness: "One more step and has been a tremendous catastrophe for the Afro- I'll shoot." This threw the police into a panic. With a Americans. A large number of black people have been view to stamping out the flames of the .i,fro-American driven there as cannon-fodder and their casualty rate struggle, the ruling circles changed the mayor of the is twice that of the white soldiers. The biack people's city twice and the commissioner of its police five times struggle against this war has developed very fast in the fn the last 20 months or so to intensify their bioody past few years. Their organizations against the aggres- suppression of the Afro-Americans. However, with the sive war mushroomed in all parts of the country and there have support of Afro-Americans and students in other cities, been more and more anti-war demonstra- tions with black the struggle in Cairo has raged more furiously. sponsors or participants. Through their own experience, a number of black soldiers who Fighting Agoinst Exptoitotion were forcibly sent to the Indochina batUefield have come to see the true features of U.S. imperialism and refused The struggle of the black masses against unemploy- to execute combat orders and become killers for U.S. ment, hunger and poverty has made further progress imperialism. Many black ex-servicemen took an active tos. Sinking deeper in the mire of their fifth post-war part in demonstrations against the war of aggression. economie ,crisis, the U.S. monopoly groups have been For several days running iast May, 20,000 black and rnaking desperate efforts to shift the burden of the crisis white people in New llaven held impressive demonstra- on to the working people, Afro-Americans in particular. tions, condemning the reactionary authorities' fascist The rate of unemplo5zment among the Afro-American persecution of the Afro-Americans and demanding that people at present is twice as high as that among the the Nixon government withdraw all its aggressor troops whites. The unemployment rate among the young black from Indochina. Since the beginning of spring this year, the struggle the black and white masses people has reached more than 30 per cent. Several of against the Nixon government's war of aggression has thousand black and white people held an impressive further developed and a greater storm of struggle is in demonstration in Washington on March 20 against un- the offing. i.|, employment, racial discrimi.nation and the shift by Through their revolutionary practiee in struggle, monopoly capital of economic crisis on to the black many black pioneers have found the pou,erful ideolog- people. More people than 1,000 black and white ical weapon Marxism-Leninism. Quite a number of marched in Las Vegas, Nevada, on March 6 to oppose them have learnt- from persoiral experience that only the reaetionary authorities' cuttlng back of "welfare" by integrating the universal truth of Marxism-Leninism funds. Half of the demonstrators were black rvomen. with the specific conditions in the United States can The Afro-American struggle is gradually merging the American people, the black people included, '"vin with the workers' movement. In recent years, many their struggle. They have organized themselves into groups great of clandestine organizations and rank-and-file committees to study and disseminate the truth have been formed by black rvorkers in New York, Marxlsm-Leninism and to sum up eNperience in struggle Chicago, Detroit and Newark and in many industrial and to guide the current fight. Progressive papers of the black peopie often writings or selected quota- branches. These organizations and committees study cary by tions from Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin and Chairman the well-being of the black people and lead the work- Mao. ers' struggle in their workshops or trades. Under their the leadership, the workers time and again broke through In his April 16, 1968 Statement in Support of Afro-American Struggle Against Violent Repression, the control of a handful of reactionary union bosses and the great leader of the Chinese people Chairman Mao staged powerful strikes which gave a great "wildcat" pointed out: "The Afro-American struggle is not only impetus to the workers' movement. The first "wildcat" a struggle waged by the exploited and oppressed black strike , the history of the American Telephone and in people for freedom and emancipation, it is also a new Telegraph Company which broke out in April last year clarion call to all the exploited and oppressed people of was a case in point. the United States to fight against the barbarous rule The just struggle of the Afro-American people of the monopoly capitalist class." In the past three enjoys the sympathy and support of the white workers, years, the Afro-American struggle has surged forward who in many of their big strikes adopted a clear-cut furiously. Meanwhile, the American people's struggle stand against political and economic discrimination against the aggressive war, the workers' movement, the i against the black tvorkers. Many white workers fought student movement and the women's movement have \. alongside their black brothers. In the 3?0,000-strong seen vigorous growth in the countrSz. A new storm.of General Motors strike which shook the country last revolutionary strrrggle against.the domestic. and- foreign year,. the white and black workers picketed and fought policies of the Nixon government is in the rnaking.

April 23, 1971 13 \, Philippine e\ry People's Army Statement on Its Second Anniversory

rFHE Philippine New People's Army in a statement The Ne'a, People's Army is arousing and mobilizing the t on the second anniversary of its founding issued on peasant masses; organizing local organs of political March 29 said that the New People's Army was dutyl power; wiping out enerny troops, Iocal tyrants and bad bound to garry .on the alryd struggle, take firrn elements; reducing land rent and interest rates pre- steps in the agrarian revolution and the building of paratory to more drastic rneasures against the'landlord revolutionary bases, and use the broadest united front dass; and creating guerrilla bases and zones where the to isolate enemy die-hards. guerrilla gqua& and guerrilla platoons are fast ma- turing." The statement said: "On the occasion of its second anniversary, the New People's Army joyously celebrates The staternent criticized and repudiated the mis- its hard-won political and military victories against takes of the tivaites, Ptriiippine revisionists, and point- U.S. imperialism, feudalism and bureaucrat-capitalism." ed out that the New People-s Army started from scratch "For t{,o years sinee its founding on March 29, 1969, with a relatively few old and new Party cadres and the New People's Army has gained rich experience Red commanders and fighter* The New People's Army from which to draw comeet lessons and policies for a today has to work arduously to buiid regtdar rnobiie new and more vigorous advance." forces from its guerrilla efforts. The New People's Army does not handle the question of army building in The statement said: complete collapse of the "The isolation from such questions as t}e buildiqg of the Taruc-Sumulong gangster clique in less than two years Party and the united Iront. Party organizations must after mass criticism and repudiation has totally vindi- be built within the New People's Army aqd these should Y, cated the correctness of the establishment of the New help in the building of Party organizations in local People's Army under a Communist Party inspired by Marxism-Leninism-Mao Tsetung lbought." areas. The stateqent said: "The New People's Agmy is The statement said: The intensification of the duty-bound to continue wagiqg armed struggle; take revolutionar;r armed struggle by the New People's firm steps in the agrarian revolution and the buiiding $.rmy has frightened U.S. imperialism and the local re. of revolutionary bases; and use the broadest united actionaries, who are:.now,resorting to fascist eampaigns front to isolate enemy die-hards. Political-miiitary sf teror in a desperate bid .to cover up their grave training should be regularly aad frequently conducted eeonomie and politieal crisis. Carnpaigns of .r'encircle- to bring up more Red commanders, political officers ment and suppression'l launched by .the reacfronary and Red fighters and thereby to consolidate the New armed forees principally against the New People's Army People's Army while expanding it. have been stepped up under the direction of U.S. irn- perialism and the fascist puppet clique. "The New People's Army should follow the road to the_seizure of power opened and charted by Chair- . Ttre statement.said: "Despite wild enemy assaults, man Mao, that is, under the leadenship of the party of the New People's Army continues to grorv beyond the proletariat, to arouse the peasant masses in the expectations. The concentration of enemy forces in countryside to li,age guerrilia war, unfold an agrarian Central Luzon since the founding of the New. People's revolution, build rural base areas, encircle the cities Army has not destroyed the revolutionary forces there from the countryside aud finally capture the cities. but has furthermore allowed those elsewhere to grow interirational scale Asia, Africa and rapidly, espe.cially in Northern Luzon. Armed and "On the of unarmed propaganda teams are indefatigably working Latin America, the Philippines can be considered as part where the weakest in such other regions as Southern Luzon, Vlsayan and of a vast world countryside Mindanao to develop guerrilla warfare. links of U.S. imperialist rule are certainly to be found. In the Philippine countryside, conditions are extremely "In the countrysidg the New Peopl,e's Army is favourable for the Communist Parly of the Philippines advancingi steadily and wave upon wave from desig- and the New People's Army to mobilize the masses and nated centres of revolutionary armed struggle. Armed advance courageously. Even in Philippine cities today, struggle is combined with the prog:ramme of agrarian u.nprecedented revolutionary mass struggles have revolution and the building of revolutionary bases, already broken out with increasing magnitude and

14 Peking Rersiew, No. 17 fierceness. lhe intense suf{eriag of the broad masss:, Soviet Union and all reactionary forces. tt has the of the people is crying out for revolutionary solution highest hopes for revolutionary -' the triumph of the the people's democratic revolution." peoples of Viet Nam, Cambodia and Laos in Indochina, the Southeast Asian peoples in general, the palestinian \-l Ihe statement said in eonclusion: ,,Based on the and Arab peoples, the Japanese and Korean peopies, revolutionary spirit of proletarian internationalism, the the American people, and all other peoples of the world. New People's Army under'-the ldadership the Com- of There is no stepping back in t,Le march of rvorld munist Party of the Philippines considers itself as part revolution; China stands as the invincible and most (of the forces) of the rvorld revolution-against U.S. im- reliable bulw-ark of socialism and the anti*imperialist perialism, modern revisionism centred arouncl the stmggle."

Hso Chien-hsiu A Leoding Codre Who Reteins the Colour of o Model Worker

f\OMRADE Hao Chien-lr*siu,* noted model worker in The engineer finally found her high on top of the \-r the early days of China's liberation, has made new dust extractor checking on how much useful fibre was contributions to defending Chairman Mao's revolu- being ejected with the dust. A little while later she tionary iine durir-rg the Great Proletarian Cultural Rev- was under a scutcher to observe the air curyent and .l olution. She was elected a Ieading member of the dropped cotton. Cotton stuck to her cap and her clothes mill's revolutionary committee by the revolutionary were cotr ered with dust. With the samples of the masses of the Tsingtao No. I State Cotton Mill in dropped cotton she had collected, she asked the Shantung Province. engineer and the workers to discuss together how to Through these years, she was never divorced. from economize on the use of cotton. reality, from manual labour or from the masses. She After that, she worked every day with the can still compete with the best splnner in the number engineer either in the blowing room or in the carding of spindles she looks alter and in the speed of joining room. They checked every rnachine by operating it. broken yarn. The workers said: Hao Chien-hsiu's They studied the question. of how .to'improve the characteristics have become more model worker . ever technological process with the workers, As a result,. impressive. 150 bales of cotton yarn could be spun from the eotton' thus saved in two months. I On May 20 last year, Chairman Mao issued his solemn statement the World, and Hao Chien-hsiu, where are you rvorking "People of Unite "Comrade Defeat the U.S. Aggressors and AII Their Running now? Please call your office." The announeer at the This great inspired workers with mill's broadcasting station is paging her. Dogs!" call the soaring enthusiasm. They proposed to increase the That day, she went with an engineer to attend a production oI twists and high-quality cloth to aid the discussion on how to economize on the amount of cotton world revolution. IIao Chien-hsiu and the P.L.A. rep-, used. After they returned, the engineer saw that her resentatives on the revolutionary committee organized work elothes were not on her desk, and knew that she the workers to implement this revolutionary proposal. must be working somewhere in the workshop. To increase production the speed of the trvister must be stepped One night Hao Chien-hsiu led the * up. Hao Chien-hsiu was a spinner in the Tsingtao No. 6 workers readjusting the twisters. They fought a State Cotton Mill. In the early 50s, she became a famous in model worker in China by creating an advanced method of four-hour battle as she experimented on the possible r?rising spinning quality, production and increasing the speed of ihe machine and finally got the work done. I number of spinning machines whieh can be attended by a This raised labour productivitS' 16 per cent' The in- worker. her work method single After was summed up, it increased the output of twists for was popularized throughout the eountry as the "Hao Chien- novation not only hsiu work method.'r rnaking cloth for export but also guaranteed the mil}'s

Aprit 23, 7977 $ t

!!on. ,, To- iryp.qve worki5rg, conditions, she climbed up the roof to s.ee if there was anything wrong with the ventilator and.,crawled into the underground passage to investigale the situation and to remove any obstacle to air circulation. Together with veteran rvorkers she studied the problem of how to improve the equipment to lower the temperature. She joined the small group organized. foirthis purpose. Six months later their efforts were rewarded with some advanced technical equipment which greatly improved the rvorking con- ditions in the spinning rooms. One day, while working in a workshop, she dis- covered that one worker was in low spirits. A chat after the shift revealed that the woman worker's child was sick and that the medical treatment was not effec- tive. At, that time. Hao Chien-hsiu's own child was also in the hospital but she had no time to visit him. Yet the following Sunda-v morning she went 15 kilometres to inquire about a prescription for traditional medicine for her class sister's child. She finally got that par- ticular kind of remedy. The rvorkers said: "Hao Chien-hsiu has ali the others in mind but not herself." III Comrade Hao Chien-hsiu (first from rightl anil The mill planned to produce a certain kind of thick workers exchange experience in the study of Chair. man Mao's works. and durable cotton cloth. Yet some people were un- rvilling to produce it for it brought a small profit, re- quired big consumption and complicated production successful trial-production of eight new varieties of management. Hao Chien-hsiu learnt that this kind high-quality cloth. of durable cloth was very suitable for work clothes for the .workers and peasants. She toot some samples II to the countr5rside to seek the opinions 'of the poor and Hao Chien-hsiu acts according to Chairman Mao's lower-middle peaSants. Many of them were so pleased. teaching "We should pay close ittention to the well- with the samples that they said: ."You workers are being of tho masses, from the problems of land and really considerate of the peasants!" This investigation labour to those of fuel, rice, cooking oil and salt. . . . told her that to produce this kind of cloth or not in- AII such problems concerning the well-being of the volved the principle of whether or not to serve the masses should be placed on our agenda,,, She has workers, peasants and soldiers. So she enthusiastically heart-to-heart talks with rvorkers every day after the organized cadres, rvorkers and technicians by groups shift, and paying visits to the workers, families is her to conduct investigation among the poor. and lower- main Sunday activity. One young worker made some middle peasants, mobilized the masses to roundly crit- mistakes during the Great Cultural Revolution, so he icize the revisionist line in running the factory such arroided meeting her rvhenever he could, Holvever, as "putting profits in command." This raised the mill workers' enthusiasm in producing this kind of cloth. she rvould purposely catch up with him for a chat at every opportunity. One day, she went to see him in While working in a workshop, Hao Chien-hsiu his dormitory and helped him study Chairman Mao s found that some sizing machines consumed a lot of rvorks with his specific problem in mind. Greatly grain starch. She felt very sorry about this, so she inspired he said: "I rvill do my best to rectify my studied the problem with some workers, trying to find rnistakes. I will foltow Chairman Mao,s teachings to a way to economize on the use of grain. A worker grasp revolution and promote production.,, told her that in 1958 before she was transferred to the mill, the workers there proposed a substitute for the \, . The spinning rooms wele really suffocating during grain starch, But the proposal was not accepted due the hot weather. Despite the high temperature, Hao to various obstructions. She was greatly enlightened Chien*hsiu and other workers strove to increase produc- by the event, so she organized a small group to study

16 Peking Reuieta, No. 17 the.question. ThrOugh investigation and research, they :Mao's teaching l'Be piepared againgJ war, be prefiared decided to use beaweed glue - a by-product in eul- against natural disasters, and do bverything for thG tivating edible seaweed to replace grain slarch. In people.D She encburaged,them ^. - to continue the experi- D the course of experrmenultron. ao-u ment. Undeterred by repeated failures, they finally "orrurvatrveiy- minded persons remarked: "Since ancienb times, no succeeded in using this new sizing material. The new one has used anything but staich to size qotton yarn." innovation saves hundreds of thousands af iin of grain She organized them to repeatedly study Chairman annually for the state.

China's Cotton Output in Great Cultural Revolution Hits a New Record

'{'-THINA has had. rich cotton harvests every year since 4.5 times that in 1949. Later, production was under.i -: the start of the Great Cultural Revolution in 1966, mined by the renegade, hidden traitor and scab Liu with total output ahd pcr-nru yield surpassing their Shao-chi who pushed in the rural areas "safi zi. gi. bao" respeitive records trri'ior to the Great Cultural Revolu- (the extension of plots for private usc and of free mar- tion. kets. the increase in the number of small entcrprises rvith sole responsibility olvn profits and losses, The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution has stim- fol their ulated the commune members' revolutionary enthusi- and the fixing'of output quotas on the basis of in- (freedom asm and promoted production. A large number of coun- dividual households) and "four freedoms" to practise to ties, people's communes and brigades in the Yangtze and usury, to hire labour, to buy or sell land and engage private capitalism and b Yellow River basins have averaged more than 100 jin. of in enterprises), developed ginned cotton per ?rlu. The poor and lower-middle peas- sabotaged the socialist collective economy. ants reaped rich harvests for years in a row after Chairman Mao in 1964 issued the great call "In overcoming all kinds of unfavourable conditions. Many agriculture, learn from Tachai." Commune members outstanding communes and brigades with high cotton throughout China responded and cotton output show-ed 'and grain yields ,have emerged in the cold, poor-soil new increases. During the Great Proletarian Cultural areas where there is a short annual frost-free period, on Revolution, the masses destroyBd Liu Shao-chi's the fringes of ' northwest China's deser:ts, in mountain bourgeois headquarte-rs,,,shattered its plot to restore areas more than 1,000 metres above sea level, on low- capitalisrn and criticized the counter-revolutionary re- lying land frequently hit by drought and waterlogging visionist line. They have greatly enhanced their con- and in saline and red-soil districts. Many areas which sciousness of class struggle and the struggle between had never sorvn cotton before have also planted cotton the two lines and the socialist position in the countryside Consequently cotton and.many net' cotton areas are being expanded. has been further consolidated. production has made rapid advanees. China started planting cotton more than 1,300 years ago and has vast suitable regions for the crop. Peasants High Groin ond Cotton Yields have accumulated rich experience in cotton grou,ing Actilg in accordance with Chairman Mao's principle during the prolonged struggle for production. But in "Take grain as the key link and enstlre an all-rounil old China ruled by the Kuomintang reactionaries, cotton development," China's cotton growers correctly handled production, as rvith other crops, stagnated for a long the relations between grain and cotton production and -exploitation, plunder time as a result of and sabotage by firmly grasped production with regard to these two imperialism, feudalism and. bureaucrat-capitalism. The crops. Many regions showed up with high grain and eountry's total cotton output in 1948, the year before cotton yields. Two-thirds of the country's counties liberation, was as low as it had been in 1919. which turned out 100 jitu of ginned cotton per rnu also t The countryside took the socialist road after libera- got high grain yields. Shanghai's outskirts and Che- tion, and a series of Chairman Mao's principles and po- kiang Province not only had successive high cotton jitu licies concerning the development of socialist agriculture yields over vast areas but averaged more than 800 were carried out. Total cotton output in 1958 was of grain per nxu.

17 April'23, 7977 the mass ino\rement-to learn fr6m the Tachai ' withstand'st19nSer than 8-force winds. They also re' In -more't*ran Brigade in agriclrlture, the masses in many cotton- moved sand dunes to create 8,000 rnu' of growing advanced in the revolutionary spirit af farm-land and built more than 40,000 mu of strip fields. areas \, "self-reliance" and "hard struggle" and undertook capi- This fundamentally changed natural conditions and tal. construction on farmland, thereby creating condi- ensured steady increases in grain and cotton output, tions for higher cotton output. Sinee 1966 traditional Surpassing past records, the commune got 100 jin. of cotton-growing areas in the north have completed large ginned cotton Wr rnu and 486 jin of' grain per rnu last amounts of capital constructlon work on farmland and year. improved the system of farming. Compared with 1969' Cultivoting Cotton Scientificolly their total cotton output rose 16 per cent last year and per-mu yield also showed considerable progress. The The masses in the nation's cotton-growing areas planting. average per-?nu yield elimbed more than 10 jia in a have boosted cotton output by scientific cottm year in Peking and Hopei, Honan and Shantung A great number of plaees organized scientific research peasants and tech- Provinces. groups composed of cadres, veteran nicians. They began grasping the laws which ensure Through self-reliance and hard struggle, the poor high cotton I'ields and trained local contingents of and lower-middle peasants of the Yangliuhsueh Brigade scientific and technical agricultural personnel .' in Pinhsien County, Shantung Province, on the lower The poor aud lower-middle peasants and revotu- reaches of the Yellow River conducted water from the tionary cadres of the Jangshuwantzu Cg.mmunen Liao- river to irrigate farmland and took soil improvement ning Province, have formed a technical agricultural steps. Ttrey thus brought to the brigade extensive lore of rpore thaD 7fi) people over the past few years. irrigation and garden farming and succeeded in obtain- They engaged in many kinds of scientific experiments ing rich grain and cotton harvests eight successive years. such as crop rotation, inter-cropprng, seedling protec- In 1970 the brigade?S per-rruu yield of ginned cotton tion, fertilizing, pruning'and wiping out harmful insects. averaged $A fi;n, and that of grain topped 1,20A jin, Ttreir findings helped raise cotton j4eitG:' Ihis-qom- ginned In pre-Hberation days the Wuhsing Commune in mune has harvested more than L00 iin of the Sinkiang Cotton Wr inu for five consecutive years. T'he average Uighur Autonomous Region was a poverfir- -over v stricken place which suffered heavy damage froa per-rruu yield of ginned cotton on't\e domrhun'e's 5,4AA mu of cotton fields reached.T2B jin last year; the sandstorms. _ During the Great Proletarian Culturai Revolution, the commune members relied on their own average per-nlu yield of grain went up 18 per cent over efforts to build a 5O-kilometre trunk channel and ex- tended irrigation to more than 3?,000 rnu of land. In The'Nicheng Cornmune in Nanhui $o1nty on the a mass alforestation campaign, they built a forest belt outskirts of Stranghai is known nationally ior its high which coyers more than 150 kilometres and is able to cotton yields. But it was hit by a series of natural calamities last year rt-hen the.cctton plants were in tlreir g:owing period and a d.y Wll carne on after the cotton was sowD. There lvere con- tinuous low temperatures and rains when the seedlings were maturing and then inseets attacked the cotton plants. Deter"rnined that man could conguer nature, the commune mem- bers conscientiously explored ways to combat these natural adversities in the eotton fields, made rePeated experiments, summed uP exPerience and persevered in struggling against the elements. They finally got their eighth straight year of rich cotton *, harvest. On its 14,600 mu of cotton jdn 'a crops, the commune averaged 1BB Members of brlgade of tFe Wuhsing Commune, the Sin< kiang Uighur Autonomous Region, &re sunniBg cottoL of ginned cotton pet m,u in 1970. I8 Peking Reoiew, No, 1I pi {Co:ttthrued frorn 5.) _ : r.St, _ Afleq ilq.accident, the Soviet the delegates to tJrese Party oon- When the Nigerian friends left shlp Ernst Th,qelmann did not talie gresses repeatedly studied Chairman ngceslpry rescue measureS. Ot the Ma<.r's theory of contin ring ^ Peking, their parting words were the rev- L that they had come to China to pro- 45 fishermcn on the Chinese fishing olution'urider the dictatorship of the mote friendship between the sports- boat, 34 came bn board the Soviet proletariat, the documents of the men and people of the two countries ship and escap€d the disaster chiefly Ninth Party Congress and the Com- and that they would make further on their own efforts after more than munique of the Second Plenary Ses- elforts to strengthen this friendship. three hours of mutual help. What is sion of the Ninth Party Central Com- most intolerable is that the Soviet mittee. Proceeding from the reality BeIore leaving China, Graham side should turn a deaf ear and re- of the struggle between the two Steenhoven, leader of the U.S. Table main indifferent to the requests oI Iines in their respective provinces, Tennis Delegation, said: The Chinese the surviving Chinese fishermen rvho they discussed and decided on the people are v€ry friendly and sincere. repeatedly asked it to use the life future militant tasks. Ttre congresses Captain of the U.S. team Jack boats and other facilities to rescue elected and the Party Central Com- Howard said: The hospitality we the 11 missing Chinese fishermen. mittee approved of Tseng Szu-yu as received in China is the finest I have first secretary, Liu Feng second On March 31, a TASS report on the eYer had. Th€ Chinese people,s secretary, Chang Tl-hsueh, Chang accident said that the Soviet ship uuity and solidarity is remarkable. Yu-hua, Kung Ching-teh, Chiang Yi Ernst Thaelmann with a Everything in China is growing and "collided aqd Pan Chen-wu secretaries, of the Chinese fishing schooner that was progressing. H,rpet Provincial Party Committee; sailing without lights in the Gulf of Hart Hsien-chu first secretary, Chou During their stay in Peking, the Tonkin." It should be pointed out that Chih-ping second secretary, Cho five delegations saw the modern the TASS report was a sheer d.istor- Hsiung, Tan Chi-Iung Chu Shao- revolutiorrary Peking opera Toking tion of facts aimed at hoodwinking ehing, Huang Ya-kuaug and Ni Nan- Tiger Mountai* by Strategy and the people and mislead.ing public shan seeretarieq the Fukien Pro- visited the Peking No. 2 Textile Mill, opinion. fn fact, the navigation light of vineiaL Party Committee; Yang Teh, Tsinghua University, the Great Walf on a three-metre-high pole at the ' t!-q. Su-mner. cbih first secretary,,Yuan Sheng-ping Palace and other places. stern of the Chinese fishing boat was They were given second secretary, Chang Chih-hsiu, a warm welcorne bright enough to be seen dearly two eyerywherle they went. Pai Ju-ping and Su Jan deputy secre- nautical miles away. In his April 1 taries, of the Shantung Provineial letter to the captain of the Chinese Party Committee; Hsieh. Chen-hua Soviet Ship Roms ond Sinks fishing boat, even the captain of first seeretary, Tgo Chung-1s11, Ernst Tlwelmann not Chinese Fishing Boot did dare deny Chen Yuag-kuei and Chang Ping- the fact that the Chinese vessel had hua secretaries, of t}e Shansi Pro- Violating the international rules on a bright navigation'light. vincial Party Committee. the prevention of collisions of sea vBssels, the Soviet motor ship Ernst The Chinese Foreign Ministry on Having talked over the militant 18 Thaelmann collided with a Chinese April sent a note to the Soviet course of closely fotlowing Chairman Embassy China, expressing fishing boat on the seas some 60 in indig- Mao in making revolution, the dcle- nautical miles southwest of Shanya nation':at the grave marine accident gates to these congtesses arrived at Port on Hainan Island in Kwangtung created by the Soviet side. It de- a profound understanding that the Province, Chirra, at about 1 a.rir. on manded that the Soviet Government P_arty, state and,ar5nJ hayg become March 31, 1971. The No. 031035 compensate for all the losses suffered yhat they are today, tha-t,the people Wooden IVIotor Sail Boat, which be- by the Chinese fishermen and guar- can enjoy their present happiness; all longs to the Nanan Production Bri- antse no recl.ltrertoe of .such acci- this stems from Chairman Mao's rYise gade of the Hsinying People's Com- dents in ihe .[utur€. leader-ship and representq g great mune in Chanhsien County, Kwang- victory for Chairrnan -M-ao's revolu- tung Province, sank as a result, tionary line. Another Group New Pcrty Ele'",en Chinese Iishermen lvere of Committees Estsblished . The delegates heard, discussed and wounded and another 11 died in this ipproved the work reports delivered se:ious marine accident, Since the middle of 1\Iarch, the to the congresses by Comrades Tseng Investigation by the Chinese de- Hqpbh, Fukien. Shantung and Slansi Szu-yu, Han Hsien-chu, Yang Teh- partrnents concerned shows that this Provincial Congressgs of the Corn- chih and Hsieh Chen-hua. Their serious marine accident --vas entirely munist Party of China have been reports stressed the necessity to read due to the fact that the Soviet rnotor held successivelS, fir6 ne',v Party corrr- seriously and study Marxism-Lenin- rnittees hgve been ship Ernst Thaelmann failed to ob- elected. ism-Mao Tsetung Thought hard, and serve the established international Follouring Chairmqn Mao's teach-" that it was necessary to carry out a L rules'on the prevention of collisions ing "Carry out edueatioa in ideology deep-going criticisrn of Liu Sfraolhi of sea vessels and did not rnake way and politieal line" throughout the and other political charlatans' coun-. for the Chinese fishing boat whieh Farty and taking Marxism-Leninisrn- ter-revolutionary revisionism, fur-' was sailing with its diesel eagine at Mao Tsetung Thought as t.heir guide. ther iaise people's ability to distin-

Aprif,.23, 1971 i*

-. guish between. genuine aad sham At I a.m. the,-,'{6ir.- pprerlsfl \ris- t\e country,i,havin!!''successfully f-ul= Marxism, enhance their consciousness toriously amid- ttN! l:explosion of fir'e* filled. the Third Eive-Yea.r Plan for and car- erackers. .the economl,arid of continuing the revolution 'developing national the socialist revolution through to the socialist economic base becoming ry On display in one of the pavilions end. still more consolidated v the are the rvorks of Marx, Engels,:Lenin, Stalin and Chairman Mao in different A grand reception given that eve- l97l Spring Export Ianguages. Part of the pavilion is .de- ning was attended by over 4,000 Peo- Commodities Foir Opens voted to the deeds of a number of ad- ple. Chen Yu, Director of the China vanced collectives and individuals in Export Commodities Fair and Vice- China's 19?1 Spring, Export Com- the lirring sttrdy and application of Chairman oI the Kwangtung Pro- modities Fair opened''in Kwangchow Mao Tsetung Thought. These deeds vinciai Revolutionary Committee, on April 15. Thousands of friends reflect the vigorous current situation spoke at the reception. He extended from trade circles in dozens of coun- in which the cadres and the masses a warm welcome to the guests and tries and regions of the five con- in China study the s'orks of Marx, pointed out that the development of tinents, overseas Chinese and corn- Lenin and Chairman Mao conscien- the present international situation is patriots from Hongkong and Macao tiously and take Marxism-Leninism- becoming more and more favourable attended the fair. Mao Tsetung Thought as their guide to the people of all countries and un- three great revolutionary There are some 47,000 square in the favourable to U.S. imperialism and its movements. metres for exhibits and more items lackeys. The course of world events confirmed great leader are on display than at the last fair. Many photos demonstrate the has our Maoos scientific thesis: The fair shows the achievements of brilliant victories of the three Indo- Chairman danger of a new world u'ar still 56 advanced collectives and individ- chinese peoples in their war against "The the people of all countries uals in various parts of the country U.S. aggression and for national exists, and must get prepared. But revolution is rvhich excel in the living study and salvation and the. vigorous develop- the main trend in the world todaY." application of Mao Tsetung Thought ment of the revolutionary struggles and displays tens of thousands of of the people in Asia, Africa and Chen Yu said: The Chinese PeoPle industrial and agricultural products. Latin America and in other parts of firmly stand by the proletariat, op- These fully show that the Chinese the world. Other photos show that pressed people and oPPressed na- people, closely rallying around the the Chinese people, in friendly con- tions of the wor1d. The Chinese Party Central Comfnittee with Chair- tacts with other countries, adhere to people. will for ever be the friend, of v man Mao as its leader and Vice- proletarian internationalism, learn other peoples. Chairman Lin as its deputy leader, nrodestly from other people and ExPort have achieved tremendous successes constantly consolidate and develop Chen Yu stated: The China contiriue to in fulfilling the various tasks set the revolutionary friendship of mili- Commodities Fair. will forth by the Ninth Party Congress pursue the socialist policy for foreign tant unity and muiual support rviLh and the Second Plenarv Session of trade of equality, mutual benefit and the people of various countries. the Ninth Party Centrai Committee exchange of what one has for what by implementing Chairman Mao's TLre advanced collectives ,and .in- one needs, and make new contribu- proletarian revolutionary 1ine. dividuals in varioUs fields of endeav- tions to cleveloping trade intercourbe other countries '' our all'over the couhtry shown at and friendship with irrgu numbers 'of photos and a world. models, photos and regions in the lireat deal of background material on the fair through and show illustrate the excellent situa- objects reflect the achievements the At the reception, Vice-Minister of tion of the world revolution and the Chinese people have made in revolu- Foreign Trade Li Chiang to. asted. the constant strengthening of the militant tion and production by conscien- guests present, unity between the Chinese people tiously implementing Chairman Present on the occasion' were bnd the people of the world. Mao's proletarian revolutionary line. Acting Foreign Minister Chi Peng-fei members concerned of That day in Kwangchow's Haichu The pavilions In Agriculture, Learn and leading Provincial Revolu- Squ.arg, China's Export Commodities From Tachai and In Industry, Learn the Klvangtung Committee .and the Kwang- Fair Building h_ad a brand-nerv look. From Taching and the more than tionary In the square were placards inscribed ten other pavilions devoted to tex- chorv Municipal Revolutionary Com- of- with "Working men of all countries, tiles, other iight industrial products, mittee. Diplomatic envoys and China unite!" "Workers and oppressed ihemical products, metals, ores, ma- ficials of various countrics to were Kwangchow also nations of tho world, unite!,,, and chinery, instruments and other items who visiting ';People of the world, unite and display varied agricultural and side- attended. defeat the U.S. aggressors and all line products and new industrial After the reception, the guests saw their running dogs!,, Many red products. They reflect the excellent the modern revolutionary bailet ?he \l balioons floated above the square situation in which China has reaped Red Detachment of Women presented carrying big streamers inscribed with good harvests for nine years in a row, by the China Dance-Drama Troupe slogans. industrial production rising steadily; and exhibitions by Chinese sportsmen.

2A' Peking Review, No.' 17

- In fact, .the Japanese militarists with the support of U.S. imperialism have begun to make preparations for thc military occupation of the islands L adjacent to China's Taiwan Province SATO GOVERNMENT Kai-shek ,bandit gang). After this, and for the encroachment upon whi'le answering Diet interpellations, China's territorial sovereignty. The Foreign Minister Aichi "Iapanese Japanese press recently disclosed that d.rivelled that countries hesi- Japan's Prlme Minister Eisaku Sato "many the U.S. and Japanese reactionaries tate over" the expulsion of the and Foreign Minister Kiichi Aichi in their Okinawa "reversion" swindle Chiang Kai-shek bandit gang from have recently tailed more closely intended to inciude the Tiaoyu and the United Nations. The Japanese after U.S. imperialism in its scheme other islands in the area." Foreign held, "reversion to cleate "two Chinas" and have Ministry the Tokgo Once the swindle materializes, the Shimbun said, Albanian- made repeated anti-China clamours. that the Japanese reactionary authorities will type motion for China This fully exposes Japanese militar- "ushering [into include the Tiaoyu and other islands ism's wild designs to reoccupy China's the United Nations] and ousting the in Japan's air defence areas. l territory Taiwan. nationalist government [the Chiang ,. Kai-shek clique]" is bound to be Sato had the local elections in April raised again at the U.N. General As- and the Upper House election in sembly Session this autumn, and that JORDANIAN REACTIONARIES June in view rvhen he tried to de- 'ceive it cannot be sure at the present stage Plot to Suppress Polestinion the Japanese people at a press that the "important question" motion ionference in Fukuoka on April 5. for obstructing the Albanian motion Guerrillos He sanctimoniously said that he will be adopted. Therefore, a nelv 'would retract his statement that At the instigation of U.S. imperial- formula "mainly aimed at maintain- ism, Jordan's reactionaries began "Japan-China relations witl not ing the seat of the nationalist govern- suppressing the Palestinian guerril- change so long as I am in office" and ment [the Chiang Kai-shek clique]" las and militia again on March 26. indicated that he would "improve" has been worked out. It is not diffi- The latter fought back in sell-defence Japan's relations with China. Horv- cult to see that the so-called new and smashed the many attacks ever, in this press statement he once formula is a "one China, one Taiwan" launched by the enemy. again revealed his sinister anti-China plot and is designed to persist in guerril- t, features. Regarding Tairvan. he rvent being hostile to the Chinese people. Consistently hostile to the so far as to say that "even the U.S. las, the Jordanian reactionaries have authorities have to abide by the U.S.- Aichi's ravings in the Diet in mid- kept up interminable military prov- China treat-v U.S.-Chiang Kai- March exposed more fully the wild ocations against them since Novem- [the ambitions Japanese militarism. shek gang treaty], therefore Japan of ber 1968. Last September saw these Aichi garbled had cannot take into consideration any that "Taiwan be- provocations leading up to a major, longed Japan formula for ousting Taiwan from the to for a long time," full-scale operation. In the events of question Taiwan's United Nations." What is more, he that "the of September, Jordan's pro-U.S. military ownership has not been decided," junta indicated that Japan rvould act ac- ;"et set up a' reactionary military restore Japan-China ior;ding to its treaty with the Chiang and that to governrirent and tried to put dolvn diplomatic relations, China should guerrillas one fell blow. Kai-shek gang and eulogized this as the with It interferel' in Japan's "respect for international trust." "not 'linternal sent tens of thousands of troops, affairs." He threatened truculently together with several hundred tanks, Sato's ravings reflect the increas- that China's liberation of Taiwan to attack the guerrillas. But the con- ingly close collusion o{ the U.S. and may become an "international con- frontation ended with the reactionary Japanese reactionaries in the scheme flict" and that Japan will exercise army losing one-sixth of its men and to create "one China, one Taiwan." "self-defence rights in a collective one-third of its tanks, destroyed or The Tokyo Shimbun disclosed that way." Here Aichi cooked up an ex- damaged. In January this year, it the U,S. and Japanese diplomatic tremel;y weird gangster's theory: massed large numbers of troops in authorities have eagerly exchanged Japan's encroachment upon China's another campaign with the supPort opinions on the ques- Taiwan "two Chinas" is an "internal affair" of of tanks and artillery against the tion from the beginning of February Chinese people's Japan while the guerrillas. Bui the reactionary troops to the end of March through U.S. opposition to the Japanese reaction- took a severe beating, like the one Deputy Assistant Secretary W.G. aries' aggression against China's ter- they suffered last September, at the Brown's visit to Japan and Japanese ritory Taiwan is an "interference" hands of the commandos who fought Deputy Foreign Vice-Minister Shin- in Japan's "internal affairs." Should with great courage. saku Hogen's visit to the United the Chinese people liberate their ter- \. States. The U.S. side has expressed ritory Tairvan, Japan will make U.S. imperialism has long been the opposition to China's entry into the armed threats against the Chiuese instigator and mastermind behind the United Nations at the sacrifice of the people on the strength of the Japan- Jordanian reactionaries' crackdown "nationalist.government" (the Chiang U.S. miiitary alliance. on the Palestinian guerrillas. A top

Aprll 23, 1971 21

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t i: ., official of the U.S. Central Intelligence sion in the Middle East and gairun€ iptelfelepcg in. our internal affairs is Agency went personally to Amman to control of the regron. It is to stra*gle a'naked violation of all international supervise the reactionary forces' plan the liberation cause of the Palestinian lawg including the Bandung princi- of operation against the guerrillas be- people and thereby crush the gles." Forty-five law5rers in Co- \*' fore zero hour last September. Once national-liberation movement of tJre milia . District in a joint statement the attack was under way, U.S. im- Arab people as a whole that U.S. im- protesting against the Indian Govern- perialism got busy with miLitarY perialism has been trying its best to ment's interferelnce in Pakistan's deployment in the Mediterranean liquidate the Palestinian guerrillas. internal affairs declared: "The peo- and directed Israe} to mass troops on It is doing its utmost to get rid of ple of Pakistan shall stand as one the border. It also struck a pose of this revolutionary armed force be- man to shed their last drop of blood being ready to initiate armed inter- cause it wants all obstacles cleared in to maintain the solidarity and integ- vention in the situation. the Middle East so that together rity of Pakistan." with the other superpower it can as Jordan's reaction- Morning Netos of Karachi said in Last January, push the East Munich" plot regime was girding for a full- "Middle an editgrial on April 15: "On more ary and divide the Middle East between scale assault against the Palestinian than one. occasion Indian Prime themselves. gueqrillas, U.S. imperialist chieftain Minister Indira Gandhi had publicly Nixon personally ordered appropria- The national-liberation struggle of stated that India could not sit idle tion of a big sum of U.S. dollars for the Palestinian people for returning a notorious euphemism for military- the regime. U.S. aircraft, tanks, to their homeland is a just struggle. action interminably used by would- artillery pieces, ammunition, etc., U.S. imperialism, Israeli Zionism and be aggressors. There was also a were shipped to Jordan in a steady the pro-U.S. reactionary forces in blatant dedaration by the Diqector of flow to "replerrish" the Jordanian Arab countries may step up their col- Defence ttlosses the Indian Institute of reactionaries' in arms." Jor- Iaboration, adopt vicious tactics and Studies (*'ho is a former cabinet dan's King Hussein was summoned attack the Palestinian guerrillas. And minister) that'the break-up of Pakis- by Nixon to Washington for confi- this may put difficulties in the way tan is in our interests and we have an dential talks. In the course of fight- of the national-Iiberation struggle of opportunity the like of which will the people. one can ing, U.S. imperialism urged the Palestinian But never come again."' Israefi Zionists to bomb and shell the be certain that the Palestinian peo- guerrilla bases to co-ordinate action ple, who are determined to take their A press communique released by with the Jordanian forces. destiny into their own hands, will the Pakistan Government on April 8 not give the gun their hands said: "The Government of Pakistan Y But the suppression faited. So U.S. up in before out murder. No has taken strong exception to illegal imperialism redoubled its efforts to an enemy for reactionary whatsoever qan entry of Indian nationals into Pakis- beef up the Jordanian reaetionary force hold in check the:progress the just tan territory for subversive activi- forces and at the same time intensi- of people. connivanee the In- fied the scheme of calling into cause of the Palestinian ties, u,ith the of dian authorities in West Bengal, As- existence a so-called "Palestinian state." Under this scheme, a small sam and Tripura." stretch of land was'to be carved out PAKISTAN The Indian High Commissioner to of the Arab territory occupied by Pakistan was summoned to the Israel for the establishment of a pup- Protests lndion lnterference Pakistan Nlinistry of Foreign Affairs pet regime to do the bidding of the on April I and rvas informed that it public U.S. imperialists and Israeli Zionistq. The Government and opinion had come to the notice of the Gov- Washington entertained hopes of of Pakistan have recently roundly ernment of Pakistan that "arrns and condemned the Indian Government thus indueing the Palestinian guerril- ammunition were being sent across for interfering in Pakistan's internal las to lay down their arms. But the the border under the cover of medical affairs and strongly protested against scheme was thwarted. U.S. imperial- and relief." The Indian High Com- its connivance at the illegal entry of ism then engineered the latest missioner was told that the Govern- attack on the guerrillas. armed Indian personnel into Pakistan Recently, it ment of India should take immediate even openly announced that it would territory for subversive activities. steps to prevent its nationals from give Jordan's reactionary authorities The Pakistan press reports that a entering Pakistan's territory and in- another 60 million U.S. dollars in huge mass demonstration was held military dulging in subversive activities. "aid." in Dacca, capiial of East Pakistan, A strong detachment of the Arab on April 13 in protest against the The Pakistan Foreign Ministry also national-liberation movement, the Indian Government dispatching pointed out Pakistan's serious con- Palestinian guerrillas are against the armed personnel to infiltrate into cern over India's crontinued inter- plots of aggression cooked up by U.S. East Pakistan and inierfering in the ference in Pakistan's internal affairs imperialism and its collaborator in internal affairs of Pakistan. Two by persistently circulating through V the Middle East. They have thus student leaders Rashidul Kabir and All-India Radio and Indian news become a serious obstacle to U.S. im- Shamsul Haque in a recent joint media false and malicious rePorts perialism, which is bent on aggTes- statement said: "The present Indian about the situation in East Pakistan.

2Z Peking Reui,eto, No, 77

- Earlier, Western news agencies re- Radio said that "the infiltration of a wireless set. The two Indian soldiers ported that India has increased its what it calied armeci personnel in admitted that they belonged to the troops in lYest Bengal State border- civilian clothes into East Pakistan 18th Battalion of the Indian Border ing on East Pakistan and that Indian shows that India wants to escalate Security Force. ?wo companies of personnel \,- have penetrated into East Indo-Pakistan tension." "Indian this battalion which was commanded Pakistan. troops had removed insignia and An AP report from Rawal- by Lieutenant-Colonel M. Singh pindi quoting border security force markings and on April 4 reports were sent into Jessore area of East repainted their jeeps in eivilian from East Pakistan said: "India Pakistan between the night of April has over 100,000 men the equiva- colours be,tore crossing." 9 and April 10. lent of five divisions - under aims lPress - The Associatcd of Pakistan in West Bengal and more are being reported on April 11 that troops of The report added thal the Pakistan flown in from Delhi." The report the Pakistan army captured two in- troops on patrol in Jessore area came added: "To mailtain the florv of re- truding soldiers of the Indian border into contact with these Indian infil- inforcements to the East, all training security' force in Jessore area of trators on the same night. The infil- courses in the border security force East Pakistan on April 10. They trating Indian border security force. have been deferred and all police leave are Mohan Lal and Pancha. The retreated after suffering heavY cancelled." A Reuter report'from Pakistan army also capturd a ma- casualties rind most of the infiltra- Karachi on April 4 qubting Pakistan chinegun, t."l,o rifles, a grenade and tors were wiped out while retreating.

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PEKING REVIEW

Vol. 14. No. 17 Fublished in Englis[ French, Spanish, April 23, 1971 Japanese and German editions \,

. I THE WEEK of the Porty School Under the Centrol Com. mittee of the Chinese Communi5t Porty Combodion Neyv Yeor's Doy Bonquet l(oresn People's Struggle lor-Uni{icotiori of Fcther- Prrncess Ashrof Pohlovi of lron Visits Chino lonf Win Riboo editoriol 11 Will - Renrfio Premier Chou .Congrot-llqtes Bisto on Becoming Prime Minister of Nepol Afro-Americon Struggle Gothering Momentum 12 Premier Chou Greets Syrion Notionol Philippine New People's Army Stotement on lts Doy . Second Anniversory 14 Premrer Chou Meets Toble Tennis Deleqotions of Conodo,- Colombio, Englond, Nig"erio snd Hso Chien-hsiu-A Leoding Codre Who Retoins United Stotes the Colour of o Model Worker t5 Soviet Ship Roms ond Sinks Chinese Fishing Boot Chino's Cotton Output in Greol Culturol Revolu- Anothe.r Group of New porty Committees Estob, tion Hits o New Record 17 lished ROUND THE WORI.X) 1971 Spring Erport Comrnodities Foir Opens Soto Governmentt Wild Designs AR?ICI.ES AND DOCUMENIS ,,Combine Jordonion Reoctionories: Plot to Suppress Poles.i Theorl -of fwo lnlo One', ls Reoctionory-th; tinion Guerrillos Fhilosophy for Resrorins Copitoil;-:-6; Kevolutionory Msss Criticism Writing Group Pokiston: Protests lndion lnterference

U Published evcry Frldoy .by PEKING'REVIEU/. Peklng (37), Chlno Post Offics Registotion No. 2-922 Coble Addrcss Peking 2910 Prlnted in ihc People'r Eepubllc of Cfrins ,,b .B EI . ,r-. h? CHAIRMAN MAO TSETT]NG b fr + + ON PEOPLE'S WAR *I *:,L +- T4 CONTENTS A + a Reyolutions ond Revolutionory Wors Are tneritoble in Ctoss Society J. tu Potiticol Power Grows Out of the Borrel of o Gun *r ,k lmperiolism ond All Reoctionories Are Poper Tigers ,l\ g a ,J Peopte, Not Things, Are the Fqctor Determining Victory Defeot in Wor or I )L Revolutionory Wor ls o Wor of the Mosses : Estoblish Rurol Boses ond Use the Villoges to Surround the Cities

The People's Liberotion Army ls on Armed Body for Corrying Out ihe Potiticot Tosks of Revolution

The Strotegy ond Toctics of People's lAlor

Our Chief Method ls lo Leorn Worfore Through Worfore

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