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Vitis Vinifera) in Two Viticultural Regions of Rio Grande Do Sul State, Brazil L Diversity of mites (Acari) in vineyard agroecosystems (Vitis vinifera) in two viticultural regions of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil L. Johann, T.B. Horn, G.S. Carvalho, N.J. Ferla To cite this version: L. Johann, T.B. Horn, G.S. Carvalho, N.J. Ferla. Diversity of mites (Acari) in vineyard agroecosystems (Vitis vinifera) in two viticultural regions of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Acarologia, Acarologia, 2014, 54 (2), pp.137-154. 10.1051/acarologia/20142122. hal-01565260 HAL Id: hal-01565260 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01565260 Submitted on 19 Jul 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial - NoDerivatives| 4.0 International License ACAROLOGIA A quarterly journal of acarology, since 1959 Publishing on all aspects of the Acari All information: http://www1.montpellier.inra.fr/CBGP/acarologia/ [email protected] Acarologia is proudly non-profit, with no page charges and free open access Please help us maintain this system by encouraging your institutes to subscribe to the print version of the journal and by sending us your high quality research on the Acari. Subscriptions: Year 2017 (Volume 57): 380 € http://www1.montpellier.inra.fr/CBGP/acarologia/subscribe.php Previous volumes (2010-2015): 250 € / year (4 issues) Acarologia, CBGP, CS 30016, 34988 MONTFERRIER-sur-LEZ Cedex, France The digitalization of Acarologia papers prior to 2000 was supported by Agropolis Fondation under the reference ID 1500-024 through the « Investissements d’avenir » programme (Labex Agro: ANR-10-LABX-0001-01) Acarologia is under free license and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons-BY-NC-ND which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Acarologia 54(2): 137–154 (2014) DOI: 10.1051/acarologia/20142122 DIVERSITY OF MITES (ACARI) IN VINEYARD AGROECOSYSTEMS (VITIS VINIFERA) IN TWO VITICULTURAL REGIONS OF RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE, BRAZIL Liana JOHANN1,2, Tamara Bianca HORN2, Gervásio Silva CARVALHO1 and Noeli Juarez FERLA2 (Received 02 January 2013; accepted 27 January 2014; published online 30 June 2014) 1 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. [email protected], [email protected] 2 Laboratório de Acarologia, Museu de Ciências Naturais, Univates – Centro Universitário, Lajeado, RS, Brasil. [email protected], [email protected] ABSTRACT — The aim of this work was to study mite diversity in vineyard plots planted with Cabernet Sauvignon and Pinot Noir cultivars and on associated non-cultivated plants in two viticultural regions of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Monthly assessments of leaves and buds of vines and of non-cultivated plants were undertaken between October 2006 and September 2007. Twelve thousand mites belonging to 17 families and 46 genera and representing 61 mite species were collected. The most abundant phytophagous mites were Calepitrimerus vitis, Colomerus vitis and Panonychus ulmi on grapevines. Among the predatory mites, the most abundant were Neoseiulus californicus and Agistemus floridanus. The non-cultivated plants species that showed the greatest richness of mites were Plantago tomentosa, Plantago lanceolata and Senecio sp. The most abundant phytophagous mites on non-cultivated plants were Tetranychus ludeni and Brevipalpus phoenicis in the viticultural regions of Bento Gonçalves and Candiota, respectively, and Pronematus anconai was generally the most abundant predatory mite. In the region of Bento Gonçalves, species richness and abundance in the agroecosys- tem were far higher than in the region of Candiota. KEYWORDS — Grapevines; grape cultivars; non-cultivated plants; Calepitrimerus vitis; Panonychus ulmi; Neoseiulus califor- nicus INTRODUCTION of species considered pests (Root, 1973; Letourneau and Altieri, 1983). Grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.: Vitaceae) endure differ- ent forms of stress, with losses caused by pathogens Species belonging to the mite families Eriophyi- and pests being considered even more severe, dae, Tarsonemidae, Tetranychidae and Tenuipalpi- mainly when environmental conditions favor their dae are important crop pests (Reis and Melo, 1984; development (Fajardo, 2003). When crops are Schruft, 1985; Soria et al., 1993; Monteiro, 1994; combined with non-cultivated plants, they show a Duso and De Lillo, 1996; Schultz, 2005; Ferreira et higher availability of alternative resources and mi- al., 2006; Ferla and Botton, 2008; Johann et al., 2009; crohabitats, allowing predators to reach higher lev- Klock et al., 2011). On the other hand, species be- els of abundance and diversity, fostering the control longing to the families Phytoseiidae, Stigmaeidae http://www1.montpellier.inra.fr/CBGP/acarologia/ 137 ISSN 0044-586-X (print). ISSN 2107-7207 (electronic) Johann L. et al. and Iolinidae are considered the most important municipality, from which three buds were taken, to- predators to control the latter mite pests (McMurtry taling 60 buds per sampling date per vineyard. et al., 1970; Moraes 1991, 2002; Duso and De Lillo, In addition to the sampling of grapevines, the 1996; Duso et al., 2004). five more common non-cultivated plant species Rio Grande do Sul State is a major wine- growing between the three untreated rows were producing region in Brazil, where the vineyards are sampled monthly, in CS and PN plots from BG and cultivated on about 50,646 hectares, with a grape CA. The five more common plants varied between production of approximately 829,589 tons per har- plots and sampling events, depending on season vest (Mello, 2012). However, little is known about [Rio Grande do Sul experiences an average tem- local mite diversity, and fundamental data for defin- perature of 25 °C in summer and 10 °C in winter ing pest monitoring and controlling strategies are (Kuinchtner and Buriol, 2001)]. scarce. Therefore, this work focused on the study Grapevine leaves and branches with buds and of mite diversity associated with Cabernet Sauvi- non-cultivated plants were separated in plastic gnon and Pinot Noir cultivars and non-cultivated bags, and stored in a Styrofoam box with Gelox® plants in two viticultural regions of Rio Grande do to be transported to the laboratory, where they Sul State. were observed under a stereomicroscope. Mites were gathered manually with a fine brush, from MATERIALS AND METHODS both sides of the leaves and inside the buds. The collected mites were mounted on slides in Hoyer Experimental vineyards medium (Jeppson et al., 1975). The study was conducted in vineyards planted with Cabernet Sauvignon (CS) and with Pinot Noir Identifications (PN), both trained using the espalier system and The identification of specimens to the species level located in the municipalities of Bento Gonçalves was done using a phase contrast light microscope (BG) (29°13’S, 51°33’W) and Candiota (CA) (31°28’S, and identification keys (Pritchard and Baker, 1958; 53°40’W). In BG, the vineyard of CS cultivar had Atyeo, 1960; Summers and Price, 1970; Hughes, a total area of 5.14 hectares and that of PN 2.48 1976; Smiley, 1978; André, 1980; Lindquist, 1986; hectares. In CA, the plot planted with CS culti- Smiley, 1992; Baker and Tuttle, 1994; Amrine, 1996; var had a total area of 7.3 hectares and that of PN Halliday et al., 1998; Matioli et al., 2002; Chant and 1.78 hectares. All vineyards were five years old and McMurtry, 2007; Krantz and Walter, 2009; Mesa et were managed identically. During the surveys, the al., 2009; Ferla et al., 2011). Oribatid mites were agrochemicals applied in the four plots were simi- identified to the suborder level and Bdellidae to the lar and normally used, and in each plot, no acari- family level. All collected material was stored at the cide treatment was applied on the three rows where Reference Collection of the Natural Sciences Mu- samplings took place. seum of the UNIVATES University Center (Lajeado, Samplings Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Sampling was conducted once a month from Oc- Data analyses tober 2006 to September 2007; 20 vinestocks were randomly sampled in each cultivar, in each munic- The data analysis process included data concerning ipality. A branch was chosen from each vinestock, mites found on grapevines and on non-cultivated from which three leaves were taken from the api- plants, which together represented the agroecosys- cal, medial and basal thirds, totaling 60 leaves per tem. sampling date per vineyard. In winter, between Several indices were calculated using the soft- May and September 2007, 20 branches were sam- ware DivEs version 2.0 (Rodrigues, 2005): P pled, randomly picked from each cultivar, in each i) Shannon-Wiener index (H’= - pi Log pi, where pi 138 Acarologia 54(2): 137–154 (2014) TABLE 1: Mite species collected on Cabernet Sauvignon (CS) and Pinot Noir (PN) grapevines (V) cultivars and on non-cultivated plants (P), in the Bento Gonçalves (BG) and Candiota (CA)
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