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Acaricidal Activity of Derris Floribunda Essential Oil and Its Main Constituent

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Acaricidal Activity of Derris Floribunda Essential Oil and Its Main Constituent Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2017; 7(9): 791–796 791 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/apjtb Original article http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtb.2017.08.006 Acaricidal activity of Derris floribunda essential oil and its main constituent Ana Claudia Fernandes Amaral1, Aline de S. Ramos1,Marcia Reis Pena2, Jose Luiz Pinto Ferreira1, Jean Michel S. Menezes3, Geraldo J.N. Vasconcelos4, Neliton Marques da Silva2, Jefferson Rocha de Andrade Silva3* 1Lab de Plantas Medicinais e Derivados, Depto de Química de Produtos Naturais, Farmanguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil 2Lab de Entomologia e Acarologia Agrícola, Faculdade de Cienciasˆ Agrarias, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil 3Lab de Cromatografia, Depto de Química, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil 4Instituto de Cienciasˆ Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Itacoatiara, AM, Brazil ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Objective: To evaluate the acaricidal activity of the essential oil obtained from roots of Received 17 Jul 2017 Derris floribunda (D. floribunda) (Miq.) Benth, and its main constituent nerolidol against Received in revised form 28 Jul 2017 the Mexican mite Tetranychus mexicanus (T. mexicanus) (McGregor). Accepted 14 Aug 2017 Methods: The essential oil from the roots of D. floribunda collected in the Amazon Available online 19 Aug 2017 region (Brazil) was obtained by hydrodistillation. Its chemical composition was deter- mined by GC–MS analysis. The acaricidal activities of this essential oil and nerolidol, were evaluated by recording the number of dead females (mortality) and eggs (fertility). Keywords: Results: The essential oil showed sesquiterpenes as major volatile components. Ner- Acaricidal activity olidol, the main component, represented 68.5% of the total composition of the essential Essential oil oil. D. floribunda essential oil and nerolidol showed acaricidal activity, with LC of Nerolidol 50 9.61 mg/mL air and 9.2 mg/mL air, respectively, over a 72 h period. In addition, both the Organic agriculture essential oil and nerolidol significantly reduced the fecundity of T. mexicanus. Sesquiterpenes Conclusions: Due to the economic importance of T. mexicanus and the lack of new Timb pesticides, our data are very promising in the search for efficient and safer acaricidal products. Furthermore, this is the first report about the chemical composition and bioactivity of the essential oil of the Amazon plant species D. floribunda. 1. Introduction such as rotenone, deguelin, tephrosin and toxicarol stand out as extremely toxic bioactive substances, and indicate the The use of timbo´ as an ictiotoxic agent has long been known biological importance of these plants. Rotenone is the most and used by the natives of the Amazon region for catching fish. potent of these rotenoids, and it is used to control a wide Timbo´ is a popular term in several taxa, which grows mainly in range of arthropod pests [3]. the Amazon region, with the most important plant genera It is interesting to note that fish poisoned with ‘timbo´’ can be belonging to the Fabaceae family Derris and Lonchocarpus [1]. consumed without any risk of food poisoning. This feature, Alecio et al. [2] reported that the rotenoids found in the roots, together with the fact that these plants have pesticide activity, has led to their use in agriculture and livestock [4,5]. Biological activities have recently been reported against the cattle tick Rhipicephalus *Corresponding author: Jefferson Rocha de Andrade Silva, Departamento de (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini) [6], and against one of the fi Química, Laboratorio´ de Cromatogra a, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, most important agricultural pests, Cerotoma arcuata Olivier, a AM, Brazil. Tel: +55 21 39772575 polyphagus pest of dry beans, soybean and cowpea [7,8]. Fax: +55 21 2560 2518 In this context, special attention should be given to the control E-mails: [email protected], [email protected] (J.R.A. Silva). of mites due to the high impact on agriculture of damage caused Peer review under responsibility of Hainan Medical University. The journal implements double-blind peer review practiced by specially invited international by infestation of different crops, which has led to the exorbitant editorial board members. use of acaricides worldwide, involving expenses of about 900 2221-1691/Copyright © 2017 Hainan Medical University. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). 792 Ana Claudia Fernandes Amaral et al./Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2017; 7(9): 791–796 million euros [9]. Tetranychus mexicanus (T. mexicanus) those reported in the literature [25] or presented in the Wiley data (McGregor, red mite) is a pest that affects some economically system library of the GC–MS equipment. The retention indices important crop species. There have been reports of damage in were calculated for all volatile constituents using n-alkane coconut leaves [10], species of Citrus [11], Annona [12] and Vitis homologous series. GC–MS analyses were performed using a [13] in various regions of the Americas. Due to the high fertility HP 6890 gas chromatograph interfaced with a HP 5973N and short life cycle of mites of red mite, frequent acaricide Mass Selective Detector (ionization voltage 70 eV), equipped application is required. However, this has led to the with a DB-5MS capillary column (30 m × 0.25 mm, film development of resistance to acaricides in mites [14]. In order to thickness 0.25 mm), using helium as carrier gas (1.0 mL/min). avoid the emergence of resistant populations by selection The oven temperature was programmed from 60 C to 290 Cat pressure, and prolong the effective life of the active ingredients, a rate of 3 C/min, then isothermal at 290 C for 10 min, using the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee recommends H2 as the carrier gas (1.0 mL/min). Injector and detector tem- acaricide rotation of different groups [15]. peratures were 230 C and 290 C, respectively. Injection vol- Natural products, especially essential oils, have been evaluated ume was 1.0 mL (2 mg of the sample in 1 mL of CH2Cl2), in and found to be promising as alternatives to synthetic acaricides, splitless mode. Linear velocity (u) was 14 cm/s. MS interface mainly due to their rapid degradation in the environment, lack of temperature: 280 C; mass range: 40–700 u; scan speed: 150 u/s; bioaccumulation, and low toxicity [16]. The use of Derris species interval: 0.50 s (2 Hz). in the composition of insecticides is well known, as evidenced by the existence of old and recent patents [17–21]. 2.4. Stock rearing of mites Besides rotenoids such as rotenone, 12a-hydroxyrotenone, 6a, 12a-dehydrorotenone and tephrosin [22,23], the following The Mexican mites, T. mexicanus, were obtained from stock compounds have also been detected in Derris species: cultures maintained under laboratory conditions with isocordoin, sitosterol, (3S)-20-O-methylvestiol, lupenone, (27.4 ± 0.3) C, 60.0% ± 2.1% RH. Papaya (Carica papaya) terocarpin, 3-methoxy-8,9-methylenedioxy-6a and 11a-dehy- leaves infested with T. mexicanus were collected at the campus dropterocarpan [22], fatty acids-oleic acid, linoleic acid and palmitic of the Universidade Federal do Amazonas (Amazonas Federal acid [24], stilbene derivatives-3,5-dimethoxy-4-prenylstilbene, University) (03 60 0.97500S; 59 580 30.22900W). Mites were 3,5,40-trimethoxy-4-prenylstilbene, and flavonoids (lonchocarpin, transferred to the test area using a fine bristled brush, with the 5,7-dihydroxy-6-prenylflavanone, 4-hydroxylonchocarpin and aid of a stereoscopic microscope (Nikon SMZ800, zoom range (3S)-7-hydroxy-20,and40-dimethoxyisoflavan) [22]. was 1× to 6.3×, zoom ratio was 6.3:1). This paper reports, for the first time, the chemical composi- Test arenas were prepared as follows: a piece of polyethylene tion of the essential oil obtained from roots of Derris floribunda foam was placed in a plastic ray (15 cm × 30 cm) and a filter (D. floribunda) (Miq.) Benth, the acaricidal activity of this paper disk was placed over the foam, to prevent direct contact of essential oil, and its main constituent, nerolidol, against the leaf with water. The surface of a piece of a papaya leaf was T. mexicanus, a mite that damages various cultivated plant sterilized in 1% hypochloride solution for 30 s and the leaf was species, causing significant economic losses. placed on the filter paper. Moistened cotton was placed around the entire leaf edge to prevent the escape of mites. The base of 2. Material and methods the test arena was moistened daily with distilled water to prevent premature drying of the leaf, and mites were transferred to new 2.1. Botanical material test arenas when necessary [26]. Roots of D. floribunda were collected in October 2012 from the 2.5. Acaricidal activity of D. floribunda essential oil and metropolitan region of Manaus, state of Amazonas (031602000S; nerolidol 06011022.700W). The plant material was compared with botanical specimens deposited at the Herbarium of INPA (Amazonas state), The acaricidal potential of essential oil and nerolidol were and a voucher was deposited under number 225683. The roots were evaluated according to Sertkaya et al. [27] with some washed, dried at 40 C in an air circulation oven, and chopped. modifications. Glass Petri dishes (90 mm × 20 mm) were used to perform the assays. Papaya leaf disks of 3.33 cm in 2.2. Extraction of essential oil diameter were arranged in a half of Petri dish (90 mm × 20 mm) containing polyethylene foam and filter Roots of D. floribunda (300 g) were chopped and submitted paper. Next, 10-d old adult females were transferred to the to hydrodistillation (4 h) using a modified clevenger-type experimental unit (abaxial surface of leaves) using a brush, apparatus.
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